Turnkey water supply for the cottage. What does the cost of the cottage water supply system include? Water supply for a country house from a well

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Do you want to ensure your water supply? country house on your own? Agree that doing this work with your own hands is a completely feasible task if you know the nuances of constructing a water supply system.

We will help you understand the intricacies and basic rules - in this article we will talk about how to install a water supply system in a private house with your own hands. Where to start and how to carry out all the work correctly.

For a better understanding of the process, we have selected visual photos and plumbing diagrams. The article is also supplemented with useful video recommendations on the rules for installing water supply and tips on installing system input nodes in a country house.

Regardless of whether the water supply is installed in an existing building or installed during the construction of a new one, its design and installation must be approached very responsibly.

First of all, you need to decide on a source for water supply. You need to know that according to the standards, the water supply system must provide water to each person living in the house based on the calculation of 30-50 liters per day per person.

When arranging a bathroom and sewerage system, the calculated figure increases three times. For watering the garden and green spaces, a water consumption of at least 5 liters per square meter is assumed. meter.

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It turns out that the volumes of water consumption of a country house are quite large. Therefore, the choice of water source must be approached as responsibly as possible.

The owner can choose between decentralized and centralized water supply. In the first option, the source of water supply will be, etc. In the second there is a water supply network that supplies its settlement.

Collector diagram for water supply distribution

The main difference from parallel wiring is the presence of a special distribution unit - a collector, from which a separate pipeline is laid to each consumer. This makes it possible to supply water to all water points with the same pressure.

Depending on the length of the system, it may include several collectors. The main disadvantage of such a system is the high consumption of pipes.

Typical scheme The plumbing looks something like this. It starts either from the point of insertion into the centralized main line, or from the area where the system is connected to a well or other source of water supply.

In the latter case, a pump or pumping station supplying water to the system. It also assumes the presence of a hydraulic accumulator and a shut-off valve, which is used in the event of a leak or scheduled repairs.

If necessary, divide the water flow, use a tee. It will generate two streams: one will be used for technical needs, such as watering the garden, swimming pool, shower, etc., and the second will be sent to the house.

The pipe that carries water into the house must be equipped with a filtration system to clean the liquid from all kinds of impurities.

At this stage, coarse filters will be quite sufficient.

The collector is a distribution node in which the total flow is divided into several branches

Next, you will need to install another tee on the pipe entering the house. This is done only if it is planned to organize hot water supply. The flow will be divided into cold water and water sent for heating.

The cold water supply pipe is connected to the corresponding collector, from which distribution is carried out further throughout the building. The hot pipeline is first connected to the water heater, then to the corresponding collector, and then in the same way as the first option.

When designing wiring, experts strongly recommend reducing the length of pipelines as much as possible and keeping the number of joints and bends to a minimum. After all, they are the potential causes of leaks.

In addition, it is highly undesirable to turn pipes at right angles. This significantly reduces the pressure in the main line.

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The water supply can be laid hidden or open method. The first is the most aesthetic. He assumes that the pipes will be laid in grooves laid inside the walls or covered with decorative boxes.

In this case, it is important that the material from which the parts are made is not susceptible to corrosion, since it will be extremely difficult to notice a leak in time. Open-mounted pipes are laid on top of the walls.

Stages of plumbing installation

At self-installation Experts recommend following several rules and adhering to a specific plan of action. Let's talk about this in more detail.

Stage #1. Preparing for work

First of all, it is better to start laying the pipeline from the water consumer, and not vice versa. It will be easier. First, using an adapter to a threaded type connection, we attach water pipe to the consumer.

It is advisable to install a shut-off ball valve between the adapter and the device. It will make it possible, if necessary, to quickly shut off the water supply or repair a broken device without any problems. The pipe is led from the water consumer to the collector.

Also, when doing wiring you need to follow a few simple rules:

The pipes should be placed at a distance of about 20 mm from the wall, this will make them easier to repair.
It is highly undesirable to lay pipes so that they pass through partitions or walls. If this is still necessary, the parts are placed in a special glass.
Clips are used for fastening to walls. They must be present every one and a half to two meters and at all corner joints.
If drain taps are to be installed, the pipe is laid with slight slope towards him.
When performing a walkthrough internal corner the part is placed at a distance of 30-40 mm from the wall, when going around the outside - 15 mm.

Before connecting to the collector, it is strongly recommended to install shut-off valves on the pipe going to the consumer. This will allow you to quickly disconnect the branch from the system in the event of an emergency, as well as repair it without unnecessary problems.

Water pipes can be laid in a hidden way inside grooves made in the wall of the building. Hidden way gaskets are most often used to implement collector wiring

Stage #2. Pipe selection

The parts from which the plumbing system is assembled must be inert to chemical and temperature influences, durable, wear-resistant and as light as possible.

That is why polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride pipes are most often chosen to install a system in a country house. When choosing, you need to take into account the operating temperature of plastics; not all can interact with hot water.

Modern plastic parts are equipped big amount components, which allows you to assemble a structure of any complexity

Alternatively you can use . There are many arguments in favor of assembling a water supply system from plastic elements. First of all, the design is lightweight, but at the same time durable.

Installation of the system is so simple that even a beginner can handle it. Soldering is used to fasten parts together, resulting in very strong, almost monolithic joints.

Another plus is the ability to bend elements, which can significantly reduce the number of dangerous areas in an emergency sense. Where it is necessary to connect metal and plastic elements, special combined type fittings with special metal inserts are used.

Plastic parts have high torsional rigidity. This is very important for cases where the pump develops high torque.

If necessary, the plastic pipeline can be modernized, which is also important. In addition to plastic and metal-plastic, you can use traditional options. These include parts or.

The main disadvantage of the first option is the susceptibility to corrosion. Copper pipes They have many advantages, but their cost is very high.

An important point is the choice of the diameter of the parts. It is carried out based on the length of a specific pipeline section.

For lines longer than 30 m, parts with a diameter of 32 mm are selected; pipelines shorter than 10 m are assembled from elements with a cross-section of 20 mm. Medium-length lines are mounted from pipes with a diameter of 25 mm.

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Stage #3. Connecting the pumping station

Another important issue that must be considered when installing water supply in a country house is.

It was already mentioned above that to provide the building with a sufficient amount of water, a pumping station or pressure tank. Using the second option is quite troublesome. As practice shows, most homeowners choose a pumping station.

The device pumps water from a well, or less often from a well. This equipment is sensitive to low temperatures, therefore it is placed in the basement, basement or heated technical room.

True, in this case, the noise from the operating pump may disturb residents. In some cases, the equipment is placed in a specially equipped caisson that covers.

A pumping station is a set of equipment that ensures complete pumping of water from a well or a well.

Work on connecting the pumping station is generally carried out as follows. A pipe is connected from the source to the equipment, onto which a brass fitting equipped with an adapter with a diameter of 32 mm is put on.

A tee equipped with a drain valve is connected to it. This will make it possible to turn off the water supply if necessary. A check valve is connected to the tee. The device will not allow water to return to the well.

It may be necessary to turn the line to direct the pipe to the pumping station. If this is the case, a special corner is used. All subsequent elements are connected using the so-called “American”.

First, a shut-off ball valve is connected, turning off the water supply if necessary. Then a coarse filter is installed, which will protect the device from impurities.

The pumping station can be installed in an insulated caisson above the well head, or can be installed in a house, in any heated room

After this, the pumping station is connected. There is a nuance here. The equipment involves the installation of a damper tank and. If the pump is located in the well and all other equipment is located in the house, then the pressure switch is installed on top of the pipe.

A damper tank is mounted below. After this, the dry running sensor is connected. It will not allow the pump to work without water and will protect it from damage.

The last connection element is an adapter for a pipe with a diameter of 25 mm. After all the parts have been installed, it is recommended to check the quality of the work performed. To do this, start the pump and let it run for a while.

If the equipment pumps water properly, then everything is fine and work can continue. If not, you need to find the cause and eliminate it.

Stage #4. Installing a hydraulic accumulator

Stage #5. Installation of water purification equipment

Water treatment also does not apply mandatory elements water supply However, practice shows that most homeowners install such equipment. It is especially necessary for those who use a borehole or well as a source of water.

The quality of such water is usually far from ideal. The liquid coming from the well is in most cases contaminated with mechanical impurities.

Therefore, at a minimum, it is worth installing coarse filters. To fully protect the water supply system and the household appliances connected to it, you must accurately determine the nature of the impurities and chemical composition water coming from a well.

To do this, the samples are taken to the laboratory and obtained, which will show which filters are needed for this system.

Water treatment equipment is installed after the hydraulic accumulator. It is a set of filters selected based on the results of an analysis of the water entering the house.

Combination devices can be installed here, which include several filters at once.

However, there is no point in installing fine filters and reverse osmosis here. Such equipment is installed only in the kitchen for cleaning small quantity water that will be used for drinking and cooking.

Plumbing in a private building, be it a summer house or a full-fledged residential building, is necessary. Moreover, you can design and assemble the system yourself. At the same time, it is important to listen to the advice of specialists and not to deviate from the instructions.

If this seems too complicated, you can entrust the work to a construction company. Professionals will quickly and efficiently carry out all the necessary work, and the owner will only have to accept the finished structure into operation.

If your experience in arranging home plumbing differs from the installation rules outlined here, please leave your comments under the article.

The importance of a full-fledged water supply in the countryside cannot be overestimated. Without a constant water supply, caring for the area becomes extremely labor-intensive, and ordinary washing of dishes turns into a real ordeal, not to mention the use of modern household appliances, requiring connection to a water supply and.

That is why almost every owner summer cottage wants to install a full-fledged water supply system. It is quite possible to cope with the solution of this problem with your own hands. This is, firstly, an invaluable experience, and secondly, an excellent opportunity to save money by refusing the services of third-party craftsmen.

It is better if the planning of the water supply is carried out at the stage of drawing up the design of the summer cottage and house. A full-fledged project includes a number of drawings and documents, including:

For you need to select small room on the first floor of the house. A room of 3-4 m2 will be sufficient. It is more convenient when the water input unit and the necessary technical devices are located in the same room - this gives the owner the opportunity to fully control the water supply process.

A typical private water supply system includes the following equipment:

pipeline. Products made of polypropylene, metal-plastic and metal are suitable;
set of taps and fittings;
pump;
pressure gauge;
expansion tank;
pressure switch;
electrical support with full automatic protection;
purification filters for removing suspended particles and various types of contaminants from the water;
Installed as needed. In most cases, the cumulative model is more convenient.

Selecting a water supply source

During the design process country water supply need to choose optimal source water. Check out available options and choose the most suitable one for your case.

The simplest and convenient option. It is important that the pressure in the system is sufficient to deliver water to the building. Otherwise, you will need to additionally buy a pump or consider other methods of water supply.

Water will be supplied to the building through a system of pipes and fittings.

IN in this case To install a water supply system, you usually do not need to buy any additional devices - you simply need to dig a trench, lay down the water supply elements and cut into the central main line.

If you don't have access to a central highway, consider the following options.

The method is suitable for areas with an underground aquifer depth of at least 8-10 m.

The well shaft is equipped with the efforts of 2-3 people - doing it alone is too long and difficult.

The main advantage of the option under consideration is the extreme simplicity of the system - you can maintain and repair it on your own. Maintaining such a well in good condition does not require significant costs.

The main disadvantage is the strictly limited water supply. Not every individual well can provide as much water as is necessary to satisfy all the needs of the family.

Before choosing this option, calculate the amount of water you need and determine how much water the well can produce.

The installation of a water supply system based on a shaft well requires the use of a surface pump. The equipment is relatively inexpensive and easy to maintain.

Surface pump for country water supply from a well

Well

If the underground aquifer lies deeper than 8-10 m, you will have to drill a well. The pleasure is not cheap - drillers charge quite a significant amount of money for their work.

But, having spent money once on the construction of a well, you will provide for your dacha clean water V required volumes. If you want to save money, you can try to negotiate with your neighbors and make one well for several houses.

To install a water supply system in this case, you will need a special well or. Such equipment is much more expensive than its surface counterparts, but in terms of efficiency in providing clean water, it has no equal.

Summer and winter water pipes

Previously, you most likely heard such definitions as summer and winter water supply systems. Study the basic properties of these options; it is quite possible that even the simplest summer option will be able to satisfy your requests. Otherwise, you can immediately proceed to study the following sections of the manual, devoted to the arrangement of a full-fledged water supply system.

Summer option

The features of such a water supply system are clear from its name - the operation of such a system is possible only in warm period. There are stationary and collapsible modifications of the system.

The collapsible summer water supply has a very simple design: it is enough to connect the hoses to a pump with suitable parameters and lay them along the surface of the soil so that they do not interfere with normal movement around the summer cottage.

Silicone and rubber hoses are suitable for arranging the system. The connection is made using special adapters. Also available in specialized stores are more modern products for connecting hoses - latches. One side of such a latch is equipped with a spring-loaded connector, and the other has a “ruff”. With the help of such latches, hoses are connected quickly, securely and easily.

Most often, such a collapsible system is used for irrigation. It makes no sense to organize a full-fledged water supply on its basis to solve domestic needs.

Laying a stationary summer water supply performed underground. Flexible hoses are not suitable for arranging such a system. The best option is plastic pipes.

Pipes of a stationary seasonal water supply are laid at a meter depth. After the end of the season, water must be pumped out of the pipes, otherwise, with the arrival of cold weather, it will freeze and ruin the pipeline.

In view of this, the pipes must be laid with a slope in the direction of the drain valve. The valve itself is installed near the water source.

Winter option

This type of water supply can be used throughout the year.

Pipes made of polyethylene and polypropylene are suitable for arranging the system. The former are sold at a lower price and are installed without the use of special tools. The latter are somewhat more expensive and require the use of a soldering iron for pipes during installation. However, in the end additional details for installation of polyethylene-based pipes you will spend more money than for additional products used in the installation of polypropylene pipes.

Water pipes are laid with a slight slope towards the water supply source. The pipeline should pass 200-250 mm below the freezing point of the soil.

There is also an option with pipe laying at a depth of 300 mm. In this case, additional insulation of the pipeline is required. Foamed polyethylene performs excellent thermal insulation functions. Exist special products cylindrical shape. It is enough to simply put such rounded polypropylene on the pipe and as a result the product will be reliably protected from cold and other adverse influences.

Not only the winter water supply pipes, but also the water source need additional insulation.

For example, a well is insulated for the winter and covered with snow. These measures will be sufficient to protect the structure from the cold.

Surface pumping equipment, if used, is equipped with a caisson. A caisson is a pit with additional insulation, located next to a water source equipped with a pump.

Installation of automatic pumping stations can only be carried out in a room where the air temperature does not drop to negative levels even in the most severe frosts.

The sewer system also needs insulation. If it is absent, the drains will freeze and disrupt the operation of the drainage system.

Drafting

Start by drawing up a system design. First of all, decide on the equipment. Specify the location of water intake points, calculate the required number of fittings, select optimal material manufacture and type of water pipes.

Plastic pipes are used most often. These are durable and reliable products that fully cope with all the tasks assigned to them. At the same time, plastic pipes do not rust, which allows them to be sewn into walls, unlike their metal counterparts.

Compose detailed diagram future water supply. Indicate all dimensions on the drawing. This way you can calculate the optimal footage and determine required quantity components. In this case, it is recommended to buy components with a 10-15 percent reserve.

You must also decide whether you will choose and buy everything yourself necessary equipment, or immediately buy a ready-made water intake station. At this point, be guided by your personal preferences.

Installation of plumbing system components

First step

Dig a trench from the water source to the point where the pipe enters the building.

Second step

Deep-type equipment is lowered into a water supply source. Surface pumps are mounted next to a well or well. The pump is installed in a heated room or in a caisson.

Third step

Connect the water pipe to the installed pump. Attach the free end of the connected pipe to a fitting with five terminals.

Fourth step

Connect a storage tank, a pressure gauge, and a pressure switch to the free outlets of the fitting. The volume of the storage tank can reach 400-500 liters or even more. Thanks to this device, optimal performance will be ensured. In addition to this, in storage tank You can store water for emergencies.

Fifth step

Connect a pipe to the remaining free fitting outlet, and then run the line along the pre-leveled bottom of the dug trench straight into the house. You also need to lay a protected cable along the bottom of the pit to connect the pump and accumulator.

It is important that the outlet intended to power the above-mentioned units is properly grounded.

Sixth step

Install a shut-off valve before the pipe enters the building. It will allow you to shut off the water supply if the need arises.

Seventh step

After making sure that the external pipeline is working correctly, fill the hole and begin installing the internal wiring.

Regardless of the chosen source of water supply, it is strongly recommended that the water supply system be equipped with cleaning devices

Perform internal wiring in accordance with the previously prepared diagram. At this point, be guided by your preferences. Do everything so that in the future it will be convenient for you to use the connected water supply.

Finally, all you have to do is arrange water intake points by connecting faucets, appliances, etc.

Providing hot water supply

If you need to provide hot water supply, you can supplement your plumbing system with a water heater. There are storage and flow-through varieties of such equipment. At dachas, it is most convenient to use storage tanks.

The installation of the water heater is carried out according to the standard scheme for such equipment.

Now you know in what order the installation of the plumbing system is carried out and what needs to be taken into account for the successful implementation of all related activities. Do everything in accordance with the provisions of this guide, and your plumbing will serve well for many years.

Good luck!

Video - Do-it-yourself plumbing in a country house

The initial stage of this process is determining the water content of your site.

There are two main types of water underground:

Sandy - sandy-gravel aquifer of the Quaternary and Cretaceous period (sandy);

Limestone - aquifers of the Carboniferous period.

Sandy depths :

Well 10–15 m,

Quaternary 15–30 m,

Cretaceous (Over-Jurassic) 30–50 m.

Limestone depths - from 30 to 230 m - are called artesian. In the Moscow region, the first artesian horizons occur unevenly:

South direction 30–60 m,

North direction 90–180 m,

West-east direction 60–90 m.

High water flows are provided by wells with a depth of 20 to 200 meters, depending on the occurrence of groundwater. Surface water in ordinary wells they are not able to cope with the task of ensuring water consumption of up to 500 liters per hour. They are reliable with water consumption of up to 100 liters per hour, but the sanitary quality of well water is naturally very low. Waste industrial enterprises reach even the deepest soil levels. Nitrates and nitrites, heavy metals, bacterial contaminants - the source of many problems for human health - enter with water.

In terms of total costs, a well is much more expensive than a well, but the risk of poor quality water at the right technology water treatment is minimal.

"Sandy" wells provide water country house having two water intake points - a tap in the kitchen and a tap for irrigation. To provide a cottage with a European level of comfort, having several bathrooms, a washing and dishwasher, swimming pool, artesian well required. The service life of a “sandy” well is determined by the properties of structural materials and professional level installers and averages from 5 to 15 years. Water yield depends on the seasonal replenishment of the aquifer - during dry periods the well may “dry up”.

The state considers artesian waters to be a deposit and, accordingly, regulates their consumption by licensing such wells. A technologically well-constructed artesian well operates uninterruptedly for up to 50 years.

To ensure clean penetration and isolation of the aquifer used, a special well design is required. It must have the casing necessary to prevent wall collapse when passing through loose sediments, as well as to isolate non-target aquifers. New special substances for insulation have appeared - compactonites, which are poured into the isolated section of the well in the form of tablets. Then, under the influence of water, they turn into an impenetrable plastic mass, which forms a reliable plug at the entrance to the target horizon and does not produce contamination. Internal pipes and materials contribute to the purity of the water consumed. Recently, durable plastics PVC or HDPE have been used. Polyvinyl chloride pipes are light and strong, durable, and not subject to corrosion. Ecological and hygienic cleanliness PVC pipes proven by relevant tests and requirements for food plastics.

Special drilling rigs carry out the process of drilling a well. Steel rods are inserted into the finished well thick wall pipes. A deep-well pump with a diameter of 3-4 inches is immersed through them. The pressure pipeline from the pump comes to the surface and is discharged into the house. If the upper part of the well with the inlet pipe is deepened 1.5–2 meters into the ground, then water freezing in winter period excluded. To prevent getting into the well groundwater, a caisson is installed above the well mouth - a kind of well in the form of an underground metal chamber, which serves for ease of operation of the pump and maintenance of the water supply system.

Next to a membrane tank with a capacity of 100 to 500 liters depending on productivity pumping device, located on the first floor of the house (basement), water flows through a coarse filter. This tank is necessary to optimize the operation of the submersible pump by storing a supply of water under pressure. Water enters the open tap not from the pump, but under pressure from this tank. The service life of the pump increases because it operates in a mode that ensures automatic activation only at high water flow rates or when the pressure in the system drops to the lower set limit. At the same time, he pumps water into the tank until the pressure in it reaches its maximum value.

Drilling a well will take from three to seven days, depending on its depth and complexity. Only a professional driller can determine where there is water underground. Consultation with specialists will help you choose the best option that will ensure the operation of the water supply system at for a long, long time. Subsequent stages of working with the well: long-term pumping of water to assess its operational capabilities, full chemical analysis to conclude that the water complies with GOST requirements. The owner must receive a passport for the water-lifting installation indicating its main characteristics. This document is necessary both for local supervisory authorities and during repair and restoration work.

Individual wells can be divided into two types (conditionally): shallow and deep.

Shallow well

Shallow wells are drilled, as a rule, into aquiferous sandy horizons located at a depth of 15–35 meters. Drilling is carried out by augers, which in appearance represent the working part of a corkscrew.

Typical shallow well diagram:

Sealed head with lock and inlet/outlet for the hose from the pump

Casing (steel 20, diameter 127–159 mm, threaded connection)

Water level

Household submersible electric pump

Filter (galloon mesh made of of stainless steel, 52–72 holes per 1 sq. cm)

Sump with gravel backing

Aquifer (sand)

Aquiclude (clay)

Seamless hot-rolled pipes (Steel 20) with a diameter of 127–159 mm are used as the casing; the connection type is threaded. The filter is a perforated steel pipe, equipped with a galloon mesh made of stainless steel or brass No. 52, 56, 68. The well is operated using vibration pumps ("Malysh", "Aquarius", etc.). Its productivity is 0.3–0.5 m3/hour. Due to their low yield, wells of this type are of little use for water supply and are used mainly for watering garden plots. However, sometimes they can be used to supply water to small country houses, in this case a filler tank is used. As a rule, water from such wells is classified as technical and is of little use for domestic needs and drinking. In addition, such water is characterized by high concentrations of iron, and sometimes manganese.

deep well

For autonomous water supply the best option is an artesian well more than 30 meters deep (limestone aquifers). In this case, drilling is carried out with flushing using more powerful rotary-type units and subsequent cementation of the annulus. Environmentally friendly drilling fluids and additives to them that have a quality certificate and exclude the possibility of contamination of the exposed aquifers are used as flushing fluids. For cementation of the annulus, high-quality cement mixtures, providing reliable isolation and eliminating the possibility of contamination from the surface of exposed aquifers.

The output from a deep well can reach 5 m3/hour. By equipping it with appropriate water supply equipment, you can create a system of comfortable water consumption.

Pipes (Steel 20) with a diameter of 133 mm serve as the casing, the so-called conductor. It is possible to install a perforated column directly in the aquifer interval.

There are several variations of well construction. For example, JSC Gidroinzhstroy, according to its technology, uses polyvinyl chloride pipes (PNDTU 273) with a wall thickness of 12 mm and a diameter of 135 mm, which meet the requirements for food-grade plastics, as a production string. In addition, unlike metallic ones, they do not affect the taste of water.

Typical scheme for a deep well:

Casing (conductor - steel 20, diameter 159–219 mm)

Production column (steel 20, diameter 133 mm, threaded connection)

Water level

Filter (open barrel 90mm diameter)

Black clays (regional aquitard)

Fractured limestone - aquifer

Lower aquitard

The total price of work at the site should include travel to the drilling site, work, cost of materials, pumping and a guarantee for the drilled well for up to several years.

Industrial wells

A contract for drilling operational industrial wells for centralized water supply is concluded only if the customer has a license for the right to use subsoil (water use), which is issued by the territorial body for managing the subsoil fund and the subject of the Federation in whose territory the drilling will be carried out . Drilling operations for centralized water supply are carried out strictly according to projects, subject to permission to drill wells.

Depending on the location and geological conditions, industrial drilling production wells is produced by powerful drilling rigs such as the Podolsko-Myachkovsky industrial aquifer or the Oksko-Protvinsky aquifer.

Materials and equipment

Providing automatic control submersible pump, as mentioned above, is produced using a membrane tank, but it uses a pressure switch and a control system, which, interacting, are capable of maintaining a constant pressure in the system.

Water purification systems

Modern water supply technology has implemented a number of devices that allow you to solve almost any water problem. All these complex systems can be called filters. They can be classified according to their application, that is, depending on the specific function.

The following water properties require solutions:

The presence of undissolved mechanical impurities;

The need to adjust the pH level;

Iron and manganese dissolved in water;

Rigidity;

Presence of taste, smell, color;

Bacteriological contamination.

Required filters and equipment:

Sediment filter;

Iron removal filter;

Softener;

Salt solvent tank;

Carbon filter;

Ultraviolet sterilizer;

Drinking water preparation system.

Sedimentary systems :

Designed to remove mechanical particles, sand, suspended matter, rust, and colloidal substances from water. To remove relatively large particles (over 20–50 microns), mesh or disk systems are used. The disadvantage is the relatively low dirt holding capacity. At heavy pollution water or high productivity, they require frequent washing. In these cases, it is advisable to use automated systems backfill type. The filter medium used is mainly dehydrated aluminosilicate, which provides filtration of particles from 20 microns. For finer cleaning, a backfill made of special ceramics is used.

pH corrector systems :

The need to adjust the pH level arises when it is necessary to combat corrosion, since water with both low (less than 6) and high (above 8) pH has an increased corrosive effect. On the other hand, to ensure optimal operation of water purification systems, since for normal operation Some types of filter media require a certain pH level.

To change the pH level, backfills based on natural calcites are used, which, gradually dissolving, increase the pH. Dosed addition to water is also used chemical substances, lowering the pH level.

Iron removal systems :

Systems of this class are designed primarily to remove iron and manganese from water, which are present there in a dissolved state. Various natural substances are used as a filter medium, including manganese dioxide (Birm, Filox, Greensand, etc.). Manganese dioxide serves as a catalyst for the oxidation reaction, in which iron and/or manganese dissolved in water are converted into insoluble form and precipitate, which is retained in the layer of the filter medium and is subsequently washed into the drain during backwashing. During the oxidation of iron and manganese, some systems also effectively remove hydrogen sulfide dissolved in water. Some of the filter media require regeneration with potassium permanganate. For high concentrations of iron and/or manganese, use special techniques, promoting their more intense oxidation. Most promising direction Ozonation appears to occur in this area.

Softening systems :

An extensive class of devices designed to reduce water hardness. Thanks to the use of special backfills, systems of this type can have a complex effect and are also capable of removing certain amounts of iron, manganese, nitrates, nitrites, sulfates, heavy metal salts, and organic compounds from water.

Activated carbon has long been used in water treatment to improve the organoleptic properties of water (eliminate foreign taste, odor, color). Due to its high adsorption capacity Activated carbon effectively absorbs residual chlorine, dissolved gases, organic compounds. However, since accumulating organic matter is difficult to remove from coal during backwashing, a burst discharge of contaminants into the outlet line is possible. To prevent this phenomenon, the activated carbon backfill requires periodic replacement. Currently, to increase the service life, activated carbon from coconut shells is used, the adsorption capacity of which is 4 times higher than that of carbon produced by traditional methods (for example, from birch wood). To combat biological growth, special coals with bacteriostatic additives are also used, as well as backwash systems.

Ultraviolet sterilizers :

The most common method of combating bacteriological pollution (the presence of microbes and bacteria in water) is irradiation of water with ultraviolet light. The radiation parameters are selected in such a way that they guarantee almost complete sterilization of water. As sterilizers of this type, special ultraviolet lamps are widely used, mounted in a rigid housing, inside which water flows and is exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

Drinking water treatment systems :

The most advanced drinking water preparation systems currently are reverse osmosis systems. The water obtained using such installations has excellent taste and its properties are close to melted glacial water. The key component of such a system is a semi-permeable membrane, the quality and material of which determines the degree of water purification, reaching 98–99%. To ensure normal operation, the system is equipped with pre-cartridge filters, a pump, etc. depending on the parameters of the source water. Such systems are usually installed in the kitchen and are used only to obtain water used for food purposes. Commercial drinking water treatment systems can also be used.

Selection of pumping equipment

One of the key mechanisms borehole water supply is the pump. Deep well pumps are capable of lifting water from depths of up to 300 m, while creating required pressure water in the house with a flow rate of up to 15 m3/hour. In this case, at sufficiently high flow rates, hydraulic accumulators with a capacity of 300 liters or more are used. Calculation and selection of equipment at the design stage of an autonomous water supply system is carried out on the basis of initial data on the source of water supply. When using a well, the main requirement for pumping equipment is reliability. Therefore, pumps from leading Western companies have several degrees of protection: against “drying out,” power outages, small stones getting into the water intake, etc.

In each specific case, the optimal pump option is selected, taking into account such parameters as the internal diameter of the well casing, the depth of the water surface, the required flow rate and water pressure.

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To organize water supply for a private house from a well, the equipment installation scheme must take into account daily water consumption, the depth of the aquifer, and the distance of the source from the cottage. The main problems of autonomous water supply are: stabilizing the pressure in pipes, choosing pumping equipment, placing it at the mouth or inside the home.

Water supply to the house from a well

Features of water supply from a well

The main differences between a well and a well are the following nuances:

the possibility of drawing water from several horizons - high water, sandy, artesian horizons;

reliable sealing of the mouth - it is much easier to protect a small hole in the ground from debris, precipitation;

greater depths - more powerful energy-dependent equipment is used, in case of an emergency power outage a backup generator is needed;
a caisson - a pit 1.5 - 2.5 m deep at the mouth is necessary for inserting a pressure line, which must be located below the freezing mark, for placing equipment.

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If you plan to supply water to a private house from a well, the scheme must take into account several factors:

operating mode– in periodically used dwellings (dachas), heating is turned on sporadically, so it is necessary to provide a slope for regular drainage of liquid from all internal circuits (winter water supply);

source characteristics– only artesian wells have a maximum resource (50 years), the water from them requires almost no filtration, does not contain sand impurities that are harmful to deep/surface pumps;
operating conditions– depending on the ratio of well flow/daily water consumption, different schemes wiring so that there is enough water during peak hours;
source location– unlike a well, there is experience in operating wells inside a building ( ground floor, underground), which simplifies maintenance and reduces the budget for water supply construction.

Helpful advice! Purchasing filtration and special equipment (softeners, iron removers) without consulting a specialist or laboratory analysis of fluid from a well is wasted money. In practical conditions, coarse and fine filters are sufficient.

Review of options, schemes, pros and cons

The principle of home plumbing is extremely simple - a pump is installed in a well or on the surface, supplying liquid to the cold water supply system, hot water supply system, and for irrigation. However, there are problems:

to maintain stable pressure in the pipeline, the pump must operate constantly when any tap inside the house is opened, which causes increased wear and tear on the equipment;
when there is a power outage, there is no water supply;
the pump power may not be enough for several consumers;
pumping equipment needs to be placed somewhere.

Therefore, the diagram includes the elements:

source – well “on sand” or artesian type;
pump – deep centrifugal or surface;
caisson - a pit at the mouth for placing equipment, inserting a pressure line below the soil freezing level;
check valve – protects against spontaneous flow of water back into the well when the pumping equipment is turned off;
hydraulic accumulator - an expansion tank with membranes inside it that respond to changes in pressure in the pressure line;
filtration equipment – performs the function of removing impurities to improve water quality;
automation systems - pressure switches, devices that monitor the presence of water inside the pump.

System elements

A budget option is to supply water to a private house from a well, the scheme of which includes a storage tank located at the highest point of the building (attic). The best option For most cottages, the use of a pumping station, which also includes a hydraulic accumulator, is used.

If the well's flow rate is insufficient during peak loads, it has a depth of more than 50 m or is located far from the building, you will have to choose a two-stage scheme that has the maximum resource for construction and operation. only on the pressure line after the pump, otherwise the pump may fail if the cartridges become clogged.

Tower system

For tower water supply to a private house from a well, the diagram looks like this:

pump – fills a container located in the attic, the volume of which is sufficient to supply all consumers during peak hours, water flows into the taps and boiler by gravity;
expansion tank – does not have additional equipment or equipped with a float switch, after filling the pump turns off, as the liquid is consumed, the level drops, the equipment turns on again.

This a budget option, however, the tank requires space, head/pressure in internal contours DHW and cold water supply are not stable.

Pumping station

The water supply system for a private house from a well with a pumping station is more convenient to use:

When the pressure in the pressure line decreases when the tap is opened, the relay is activated, the pump pumps water into the accumulator. After stretching the membrane, the pump turns off, the pressure in the cold water and hot water pipes equalizes itself.

Two stage feed

If the power of the pumping station is not enough during peak water flow, an expansion tank with a float switch is installed after it. The pump fills the container, turns off, and the next pressure-type pump is installed after the reservoir. The hydraulic accumulator is installed after it according to a similar scheme.

Thanks to expansion tank the system flow increases to the required level.

Winter water supply

The problem of water drainage is relevant, not only during periodic operation of the water supply system in the home, but also during repair work. Therefore, even in cottages permanent residence A winter water supply scheme is used.

To achieve this, all system circuits are sloped for gravity drainage of liquid. Check valve on the suction pipe prevents water from flowing back. In addition, the volume of the well does not allow large amounts of liquid to be drained into it.

Therefore, a sewer pipe is cut into the lower section of the system; during repair work or conservation of the water supply system between visits to the dacha in winter, the water is drained into a separate shambo.

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Plumbing installation technology

After the daily water consumption has been calculated, a water supply diagram for a private house from a well has been drawn up, the cross-section of pipes and the characteristics of the pumping station have been selected, and installation is carried out. The technology looks like:

making a source - drilling a sand or artesian well inside a house or on a site, installing a casing pipe;
construction of a caisson - a well at the mouth with a depth below the freezing mark, with a diameter sufficient for placement and maintenance of equipment, the upper part is covered with a hatch, decorated in landscape design;
installation of equipment - pumping station, filters;