Cullet
Granular foam glass produced in the form of particles having a close to spherical shape. Production is based on the foaming of individual, pre-rounded semi-finished granules in a rotating continuous kiln.
Slab foam glass obtained by foaming billets in continuous tunnel ovens. At the exit, the material is sent for long annealing and then to sawing machine to give the slabs precise geometric dimensions.
Roof insulation
Cullet
In Russia, at least 5 million tons of glass are generated annually in municipal solid waste alone. Foam glass production is a method of converting cullet from landfills into a highly efficient, energy-saving material.
Production of granulated foam glass
Granular foam glass produced in the form of particles having a close to spherical shape. Production is based on the foaming of individual, pre-rounded granules- semi-finished products in a rotating continuous kiln.
Production of slab foam glass
Slab foam glass get foaming of workpieces in walk-through tunnels ovens . At the exit, the material is sent for long annealing and then to a sawing machine to give the slabs precise geometric dimensions.
Insulation of horizontal surfaces
Granulated foam glass easily fills any unevenness and can serve not only as a heat insulator, but also as a deflection
Insulation of vertical surfaces
Granulated foam glass fills any cavities and creates reliable thermal insulation protection.
Roof insulation
Slab foam glass is an indispensable rigid, waterproof, durable thermal insulation material for roof insulation.
Thermal insulation of process equipment
Worldwide slab foam glass used at facilities where compromise is unacceptable - nuclear power plants, submarines, factories, etc.
Foam glass is produced in mats, blocks, shells and in bulk.
In the previous article we talked about , which after many years of oblivion returns to the market again building materials. But, like all natural insulation materials, it is not without its drawbacks, such as moisture absorption and rodent attacks. And if in everyday life it is still possible to somehow smooth out these factors, then such material is not applicable for large objects. Here you need something more fundamental, for example, foam glass. Insulation made from broken glass has high performance characteristics allowing its use in the construction of multi-storey buildings and industrial facilities.
Types of thermal insulation from foam glass
Foamed glass insulation was developed by a Soviet scientist in the 30s of the 20th century. At that time, the production technology was considered too expensive and the project was postponed indefinitely. And finally, this material has found its application in construction. It is made from glass waste, which is a definite plus.
Broken glass is ground into powder, mixed with a foaming agent (coal, coke, marble, limestone) and brought to liquid state by heating to 800–900 degrees.
At this temperature a reaction occurs releasing carbon dioxide, the bubbles of which are evenly distributed throughout the liquid mass. As a result, after cooling, a solid material with a closed-cell structure is obtained. It looks like hardened soap suds with all the bubbles made of glass. Foamed glass insulation comes in the form of:
- slabs;
- blocks;
- shells;
- granules;
- crushed stone
Foam glass is suitable for insulating walls, floors and horizontal roofs. The material is absolutely environmentally friendly and can be used even in rooms with high sanitary requirements(hospitals, kindergartens, laboratories, etc.).
Characteristics and prices of foam glass
Foam glass in granules can be of different fractions.
As you know, air is one of the the best thermal insulators, and foam glass contains it in abundant quantities. The thermal conductivity properties of the material are inferior modern insulation materials, but in terms of reliability it has no equal. According to manufacturers, the service life is at least 100 years. At the same time, the possibility of mice, fungus or other beetles infesting the insulation is excluded. Also, the material does not react with any chemical element.
Foam glass properties:
- water absorption from 0 to 5% of the total volume;
- resistance to heat conduction 0.04-0.08 W/m*K;
- steam conductivity no more than 0.0005 mg/m*h*Pa;
- compressive strength up to 4 MPa;
- bending strength 0.6 MPa;
- operating temperature from -250 to +485 degrees.
From the characteristics we can conclude that the material is quite durable, although it does not withstand impacts. Insulating qualities are certainly not the ultimate dream, but resistance to various types of chemical aggression smooths out the situation. And another significant advantage is that mice do not chew foam glass. Insulation materials, according to reviews, are very susceptible to attacks by rodents; they even start in Soviet glass wool, which is incredibly prickly. In order not to put up with this, foam glass is an ideal option.
Thanks to your technical specifications this material has the following properties:
- mechanical strength;
- absence of volumetric expansion and shrinkage;
- non-flammability - melting point 1 thousand degrees;
- does not allow water and steam to pass through;
- quite heavy - density from 110 to 200 kg/m. cube;
- high price.
Prices in Moscow for foam glass insulation, according to reviews, practically do not differ from the all-Russian level. Therefore, it is obvious that residents of provinces where average income per capita is very low, they cannot afford to insulate their houses with this material. The cheapest cost is granules or crushed stone, the price of which varies between 2-3.5 thousand rubles per cubic meter. Foam glass in products (slabs, blocks, shells) cost about 5.5-7.5 thousand rubles per cubic meter and this is at a minimum, in some places it reaches 15 thousand per 1 cubic meter.
Scope of application of foam glass
Foam glass is easily cut with a hacksaw or a saw for foam blocks.
Wherever foam glass is not used. This material can be used for insulation:
- walls;
- ceilings;
- floors;
- flat roofs.
In this case, both blocks and granulated foam glass are used. The latter has a wider range of applications. Granules are poured into voids brick walls, they make screeds from them, they even plaster them. Foam glass thermal insulation is also used for and other communications.
This material is mostly used on large areas when they build multi-story houses or industrial facilities. It is rarely used by private individuals, since it is quite expensive and does not test the insulation in everyday life. high loads, so they make do with the same polystyrene foam or. Foam glass insulation frame house is not practiced for a number of reasons. Such houses are positioned as budget ones, otherwise who would build them?
Use such expensive insulation in budget house pointless. Even if we hypothetically accept this option, the problem of the large weight of the material arises. In order for the floors to withstand additional loads, the frame must be assembled from thicker timber, which again leads to additional costs. For the same reason, you cannot pour granules into hollow walls, and lining the walls from the outside is the same as lining a frame frame with brick - complete nonsense.
Method of insulating walls and floors with foam glass
Foam glass slabs are glued to the wall and then attached to plastic dowels.
When considering the insulation of a house with foam glass, it is necessary only from the perspective of fundamental buildings (brick, foam blocks, monolith). Walls can be insulated both outside and inside. In addition, it is possible to insulate in the middle of the wall, between two rows of masonry. Dry granules are simply poured into the space between the walls during the construction of walls. External wall insulation with foam glass, according to reviews, is done using glue and plastic dowels. Working method:
- preparatory work - leveling the wall, applying a primer;
- Glue is applied to the foam glass blocks;
- the blocks are glued to the wall, starting from the bottom;
- Each block is secured with one dowel.
The blocks should be laid against the wall and on top of each other according to the usual principle. brickwork, that is, with a shift of half a stone.
Thus, the structure will be durable. Plaster can be applied over foam glass blocks. By the way, there are modern dry mixtures for plastering walls, which contain small (about 1 mm) foam glass capsules. This is the so-called warm plaster, the application method of which does not differ from conventional plaster.
There are two options for insulating the floor with foam glass:
- slabs;
- granules.
It is more practical and faster to make a screed from foam glass granules. To do this, you need to make laitance and mix it with granular material. Beacons are first placed on the floor level. The resulting solution is poured between the guides and evenly distributed with a fork. After hardening, tiles can be laid on the foam glass screed. Visual method of foam glass insulation, video:
The Ecostroy-City company offers innovative insulation for frame houses - foam glass. This material is significantly ahead of mineral wool, polyurethane foam and other means of heat conservation, environmental friendliness and durability.
Usually the insulation process standard materials it happens like this:
- First of all, glassine is used. It is needed to provide a waterproofing layer.
- Then foil-based insulation is laid to create a vapor barrier layer.
- The following is the thermal insulation material: mineral wool, foam plastic, polyurethane.
- High quality edged board. Required condition— humidity indicator maximum 15%.
- The optimal cross-section of the board is 25x150 millimeters.
If you use foam glass, you can do without foil insulation. It copes well with thermal insulation tasks, and also does not allow steam and moisture to pass through it. Foam glass blocks are placed between the frame posts. You can install the material yourself if you already have experience in building houses.
Features of using insulation
Typically, thermal insulation material occupies about 80% of all walls of a frame house. At the same time, the insulation does not generate heat; it is a barrier to the penetration of cold and moisture into the room. On the other hand, the layer maintains the required temperature in the house, obtained thanks to heating devices. In summer, everything happens the other way around: the coolness lingers in the rooms, and the heat remains outside.
Foam glass not only copes 100% with the functions described above, but also demonstrates soundproofing qualities. All the extra noise and extraneous sounds will be concentrated beyond the threshold.
Another important quality of foam glass is non-flammability. Which significantly increases the popularity of this insulation in comparison with mineral wool and polystyrene foam. In the event of a fire, there is no immediate smoke and the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide.
In our company you can purchase required amount foam glass blocks to ensure reliable thermal insulation of buildings. Eco-friendly insulation for a frame house will last up to 100 years, the warranty period is at least 50 years. Detailed prices can be found by downloading the price list on the official website.
Energy-efficient eco-house built in the Novgorod region. The customer wanted the house to be very warm and environmentally friendly
It’s good when it’s frosty outside, but the house is warm and cozy, and all comfort is provided minimal costs. The customer of the house in question chose energy-saving technology and very unusual material as insulation - pressed peat blocks - geokar. The house has stood for three years, it turned out to be very comfortable: in the summer there is no heat in it, you can breathe like in wooden house, and even in the harsh Novgorod winters you have to heat very little. The owner is happy with the house, and this is the main thing.
History of the invention of "Geocar"
"Geokar", insulation based on peat - affordable, environmentally friendly pure material, was developed at the Bezhetsk Experimental Plant and at the Tvergrazhdanproekt design institute. The geocar production technology is simple. The sifted peat is mixed with water and ground in a special mill to a thick paste. Then filler is added (straw, sawdust, shavings), blocks are formed in the press, and after the drying stage they are ready for use. By the way, there is nothing mysterious in the word “geocar”; the developers named their invention this way in honor of the former Minister of Construction Georgy Karavaev.
Geokar - peat-based insulation
Technical characteristics of Geocar:
- Block dimensions, mm – 510 x 250 x 88;
- Weight – no more than 4 kg;
- Thermal conductivity coefficient W/mS – 0.047-0.08;
- Compressive strength kg/sq.cm – 10.7-12;
- Durability – at least 75 years;
- Flammability class - G2 (low-flammability);
- Specific gravity - 250-450 kg/m. cube;
- Sound insulation index at 1000 Hz - 53 dB.
House foundation
Two-storey house with total area 220 m² was built according to . Relatively lightweight design allowed the use of a shallow foundation. Foam glass was used as insulation for it - a material that is not afraid of moisture and fire.
Foam glass is produced in the form of blocks different sizes, and in the form of crumbs
Foam glass crumbs, which are sold as waste, were also used for a blind area one and a half meters wide.
Construction of the foundation of a house. Foam glass chips were used as insulation
As a result, the foundation of the house also turned out to be energy efficient.
Construction of the foundation of a house.
House frame
Author's development of the creative team "EcoDomProject". The system is a double frame connected by rigid connections without cold bridges. Insulation is laid between the internal and external frame posts. Due to the high rigidity of the joints, the frame does not “lead” during the drying process, so wood with natural moisture was used during construction.
Regular frame
Double volume frame
They also used double beams. They, like the frame posts, are not subject to warping.
Construction of a house frame. The double frame of the house avoids many cold bridges, unlike a conventional frame
The design of the house allows for a free layout of the first and second floors, placing bathrooms, a kitchen or a toilet anywhere.
The peculiarity of the double frame is that no scaffolding is required during construction. The need for them may arise only at the stage of exterior finishing
Thermal insulation of the house - we use “Geokar”
The most interesting stage of construction: the space between the double frame walls is filled with pressed peat briquettes “geocar”, they are laid with dressing, without mortar. The blocks are self-supporting and do not shrink over time. Since peat itself is an antiseptic, it does not harbor any living creatures, as well as fungi and mold.
The internal space of the frame is filled with Geocar insulation - pressed peat briquettes with the addition of sawdust. The blocks are self-supporting and are laid with dressing without mortar. When laying, you can do without vapor barrier membranes
Peat behaves very interestingly near the “dew point”. Condensation, which falls in others in the form of dew drops, freezes and destroys the material, but nothing like that happens in the thickness of peat. The steam condenses in the form of frost, which does not disturb the porous structure of the “geocar” and quickly evaporates - “sublimes,” as physicists say. Therefore, when laying thermal insulation from peat blocks, you can do without vapor barrier membranes, which are mandatory when building a frame house using mineral wool. This means that our house does not require artificial ventilation. This is another plus in favor of environmental friendliness and comfort.
According to the conclusion of the Research Institute of Stroyphysics, the “geocar” in terms of durability corresponds to brick, stone and panel walls. "Geokar" can be used not only as insulation, but also as a structural material when constructing external walls in buildings up to 3 floors.
Warm roof
The rafter is quite ordinary. And here roofing material special, and was made to order. Galvanized steel plates cover the roof like “scales”.
Compressed straw slabs
The roof is well insulated with lightweight basalt-based fiber insulation. By the way, the developers recommend using a cheaper, but no less efficient material“pressol” (it is based on pressed straw).
More massive load-bearing panels made of straw
The roof has a significant slope - 52°, this is done so that it can be used as a heat collector (in the future it is planned to install solar panels). In principle, such a house can be heated by solar energy almost all year round, with the exception of the two coldest months.
Decorating the facade of the house
The customer chose to cover his house with a block house, but it can be made of any material: stone, brick, tiles or siding. Interior decoration - wood paneling, drywall, panels, decorative coverings for walls, tiles, wallpaper, painting.
A house lined with a block house is very difficult to distinguish from a log house from afar
An option would be decorative plaster: For exterior finishing- With high vapor permeability, but at the same time high moisture resistance, and for interior work- more dense, with lower vapor permeability. This will avoid accumulation excess moisture in the thickness of the “geocar” and do not use membranes.
Real examples of half-timbered buildings that were erected hundreds of years ago and continue to be used inspire the construction frame houses. Previously, the problem of insulation was solved using natural materials such as clay, straw and sawdust. Today the market is overflowing with offers. What insulation to choose for a modern frame house?
Proposals from the past for homes of the present
Who said, that natural materials for insulation - is this a relic of the past? The low popularity of using straw, shavings or sawdust is caused, first of all, by the high labor intensity of the insulation process. The claim that natural ingredients have a short service life is far-fetched. Remember all the same half-timbered houses– they were insulated exclusively with natural materials.
And several decades ago, when there was a shortage of everything on the market, a mixture of clay with straw or sawdust was used in almost every construction - at a minimum, the floor and ceiling were insulated with this mixture. Many houses, commercial and industrial premises of that time were built from adobe (lampach, clay block, roller, adobe) - bricks made of unfired clay mixed with straw, flooring or sawdust. If such a brick is reliably protected from the outside from external weather factors, you will get strong, warm and very durable walls.
Natural materials are not used today mainly due to the labor-intensive insulation process, as well as the need to increase the thickness of the frame. If the thickness of the insulation “pie” when using modern materials is, depending on the climate, 12–20 cm, then in the case of natural heat insulators this parameter will need to be doubled.
However, the cost of additional beams is much less than the cost of thin types of insulation. Sawdust, straw or chaff are practically free materials, unless you have to spend money on delivery. So if you are not afraid of work, are willing to spend a lot of time and want to save money - natural materials will suit you perfectly!
Classics of the genre - what do builders love?
Under the pressure of market offers, natural materials have faded into the background. Builders can be understood - buying modern materials, they receive high speed work, long term operation and reliability of the “pie” frame. In the list of the most popular insulation materials, two invariably lead: mineral wool and expanded polystyrene. Already long years There are debates about which is better, but each has advantages and disadvantages.
Important note - to insulate frame houses, you should use mineral wool only in slabs that better retain their given shape in the frame pie. Roll materials excluded - with them in in this case It’s very difficult to work with, and besides, they shrink. Be sure to protect the insulation from condensation and moisture from the outside.
Insulating a frame house with polyurethane foam is surrounded by a huge number of myths and unverified facts. For example, many “experts” claim that polystyrene foam releases harmful substances into the air, that it is flammable and that rodents love it. In fact, this material is absolutely safe for our health, if only because it is 98% air. Its flammability is two times lower than that of wood; moreover, in the absence of an external source of fire, the material extinguishes. However, manufacturers produce special brands of polystyrene foam that contain flame retardants - substances that prevent combustion.
Rodents can equally well live in the “pie” of a frame with either polystyrene foam or cotton wool. Expanded polystyrene in itself is of no interest to rodents. But if the house is rarely cleaned and the garbage is not taken out, then rodents will probably be interested in the contents of garbage bags. The price of foam plastic is almost the same as mineral wool materials.
However, compared to them, polystyrene foam does not shrink inside the “pie” and does not get wet even after prolonged exposure to moisture. You can work with it without any special skills and a minimum of tools - a hacksaw with small tooth or regular construction knife. Thanks to this, plaster can be applied directly to the foam from the outside.
New and fashionable - modern offers
Fresh offers on the building materials market include ecowool, polyurethane foam and foam glass. Manufacturers are trying to surprise consumers if not low prices(sometimes it’s the other way around!), then special properties materials. So, the main advantage of ecowool is its environmentally friendly cellulose base. The material is hypoallergenic, although both polystyrene foam and mineral wool can boast of the same quality.
The cost of ecowool is low, but the method of applying cellulose is much more labor-intensive. There are two methods of insulation - dry and wet. In the first case, ecowool is compacted into the walls, in the second, it is sprayed wet between the frames. The second method is better - the coating forms a monolithic layer that eliminates cold bridges. The material practically does not shrink, but is afraid of moisture, so it needs good vapor and waterproofing.
Polyurethane foam is well known to all builders polyurethane foam, however, in this case a two-component composition is used.
Immediately before spraying, the components are mixed and applied to the wall between the beams. After polymerization, the material creates a monolithic layer that has high sound and heat insulation qualities and great durability. The spraying process is very convenient and occurs in a matter of hours, but the cost of this method of insulation remains quite high. In addition, the material on the outside should be protected from sunlight.
Foam glass is perhaps just beginning to spread on the market thermal insulation materials. In essence, it is glass foamed during the melting process, which is produced in the form of blocks. This material does not shrink, is absolutely safe for health, has high qualities thermal insulation and does not lag behind others in terms of sound insulation and vapor permeability. Foam glass is a fireproof insulation material. His the only drawback- high price.
We follow technology - how to properly insulate a frame house?
The technology for insulating a frame house is quite simple, the main thing is to follow the sequence of actions.
