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n1.doc

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD (TTK)
INSTALLATION OF METAL AIR DUCTS

INTERNAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. Typical routing(hereinafter referred to as TTK) is designed for a complex of works on the installation of metal air ducts internal systems ventilation.

1.2. The standard technological map is intended for use in the development of Work Performance Projects (WPP), Construction Organization Projects (COP), other organizational and technological documentation, as well as for the purpose of familiarizing workers and engineers with the rules for the production of installation work.

1.3. The purpose of creating the presented TTK is to provide a recommended flow chart for carrying out installation work, show the composition and content of the TTK, and examples of filling out the necessary tables.

1.4. On the basis of the TTK, as part of the PPR (as mandatory components of the Work Project), Working Technological Maps are being developed for the performance of certain types of installation work.

When linking the Standard Flow Chart to a specific facility and construction conditions, production schemes, volumes of work, labor costs, mechanization means, materials, equipment, etc. are specified.

1.5. All working technological maps are developed according to the working drawings of the project, they regulate the means of technological support and the rules for performing technological processes during installation work.

1.6. Regulatory framework for the development of technological maps are: SNiP, SN, SP, GESN-2001 ENiR, production standards for material consumption, progressive local standards and prices, labor cost standards, material and technical resource consumption standards.

1.7. Working technological maps are reviewed and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contracting Construction and Installation Organization, in agreement with the Customer’s organization, the Customer’s Technical Supervision and the organizations that will be in charge of the operation of this building or structure.

1.8. The use of TTK helps to improve the organization of production, increase labor productivity and its scientific organization, reduce costs, improve quality and reduce construction duration, perform work safely, organize rhythmic work, rational use labor resources and machines, as well as reducing the development time for project planning and unification of technological solutions.

1.9. The scope of work performed sequentially during installation supply system ventilation, includes:

Collection of manufactured ventilation parts;

Installation ventilation system according to the design scheme;

Commissioning of the ventilation system.

1.10. Ventilation - controlled air exchange in rooms serves mainly to create air conditions favorable to human health, meeting the requirements of the technological process, preserving equipment and building structures, storing materials and products.

1.11. A person, depending on the type of activity (energy costs), releases heat (100 kcal/hour or more), water vapor (40-70 g/hour) and carbon dioxide (23-45 l/hour) into the surrounding air; production processes may be accompanied by immeasurably large releases of heat, water vapor, harmful fumes, gases and dust. As a result, the air in the room loses hygienic qualities, favorable for human well-being, health and performance.

Hygienic requirements ventilation boils down to maintaining certain meteorological conditions of the air (temperature, humidity and mobility) and its purity.

1.12. The essence of ventilation is as follows: supply air mixes with the air in the room and as a result of the heat exchange or mass transfer that occurs in the room, the specified air parameters are created.

1.13. Work should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

SNiP 3.01.01-85*. Organization construction production;

SNiP 3.05.01-85. Internal sanitary systems;

SNiP 3.05.05-84. Technological equipment and process pipelines;

SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

SNiP 12-04-2002. Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

2.1. In accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85* “Organization of construction production”, before the start of construction and installation (including preparatory) work at the site, the General Contractor is obliged to obtain in the prescribed manner permission from the Customer to perform installation work. The basis for starting work can be the Certificate of Inspection of Hidden Work to Prepare Premises for Installation of Ventilation.

2.2. Installation of ventilation systems is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP, Working Design, Work Project and instructions of equipment manufacturers. Replacement of materials and equipment provided for by the project is allowed only in agreement with the design organization and the customer.

2.3. The requirements for the installation of ventilation systems are limited to ensuring that the design parameters of the air environment in the ventilated rooms are ensured. This is achieved by maximum sealing of air duct systems and equipment, necessary sound insulation, appropriate conditions for operation, repair and replacement of equipment.

Reducing the time required to complete installation and assembly work, while maintaining their high quality, is achieved with high industrialization of work, which consists in the use of standard sections of ventilation chambers, blocks and air duct assemblies (shaped parts - diffuser, confuser, elbows, tees, crosses; control devices - valves , gates, throttling devices; fastenings; pendants; staples; brackets; flanges) factory-made or made in workshops according to the mechanical equipment. As a rule, manufactured parts are only assembled on site, using mechanisms to move workpieces and ventilation equipment.

2.4. Before installation of ventilation systems begins, the following work must be completely completed and accepted by the customer:

Installation of interfloor ceilings, walls and partitions;

Construction of foundations or sites for the installation of fans, air conditioners and other ventilation equipment;

Building structures of ventilation chambers of supply systems;

Waterproofing work in places where air conditioners, supply ventilation chambers, and wet filters are installed;

Installation of floors (or appropriate preparation) in places where fans are installed on spring vibration isolators, as well as “floating” bases for installing ventilation equipment;

Construction of supports for installing roof fans, exhaust shafts and deflectors on building surfaces;

Preparation of holes in walls, partitions, ceilings and coverings necessary for laying air ducts;

Construction of foundations, bases and platforms for installation of ventilation equipment;

Applying auxiliary marks on the internal and external walls of all rooms equal to the design marks of the finished floor plus 500 mm;

Plastering (or cladding) the surfaces of walls and niches in places where air ducts are laid;

Installation openings in walls and ceilings were prepared for the supply of large-sized equipment and air ducts and crane beams were installed in ventilation chambers;

Installed in accordance with the working documentation, embedded parts in building structures for fastening equipment and air ducts;

It is possible to turn on power tools, as well as electric welding machines, at a distance of no more than 50 m from one another;

Window openings in external fences were glazed, entrances and openings were insulated;

Measures have been taken to ensure safe installation work.

Acceptance of the object for installation must be carried out by employees of the installation organization according to the act.

2.5. When accepting an object for installation, the following must be checked:

compliance with all SNiP requirements and current technical specifications;

availability and correct design acts for hidden work;

geometric dimensions and references to building structures of foundations for ventilation equipment and air conditioners, supporting structures on the roof of the building for installing roof fans and deflectors, openings for the passage of air ducts, mounting openings;

correct installation of embedded parts;

installation of fencing for openings, decking and canopies.

2.6. Loading of blanks onto vehicles at procurement enterprises must be carried out by the enterprise, unloading at the site - by the installation department.

2.7. When transporting air ducts, depending on their type and dimensions, the following should be provided:

for air ducts of small sections - containerization or packaging;

for air ducts of large sections - telescopic installation;

for semi-finished products - special packaging.

2.8. It is recommended to carry out loading, unloading and rigging work at sites with the maximum use of mechanization with the help of workers who are part of the installation teams.

2.9. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training under the rigger program and received the appropriate certificate are allowed to work on lifting and moving cargo.

2.10. Winches, forklifts, truck cranes, jib cranes on pneumatic wheels and crawler tracks, tower and gantry cranes should be used as mechanized lifting equipment at sites.

2.11. It is recommended to carry out slinging of air ducts and ventilation equipment using inventory lifting equipment.

Slings should be selected depending on the type, weight of the load being lifted and the method of slinging. The most common slings are shown in Fig. 1.

Fig.1. Slings
A- lightweight sling with loops; b- lightweight sling with hooks;

V- four-leg sling

2.12. The lifted load should be kept from rotation by guys made of hemp ropes with a diameter of 20-25 mm or guys made of steel ropes with a diameter of 8-12 mm. For horizontal elements of ventilation systems (enlarged air duct units), two guys should be used, for vertical elements (sections of air conditioners, roof fans, air ducts, etc.) - one.

The most common slinging methods are shown in Figure 2-24.

Fig.2. Slinging VPA-40

Fig.3. Slinging of an autonomous air conditioner KTR-1-2.0-0.46

Fig.4. Slinging of radial (centrifugal) fans, version No. 1

Fig.5. Slinging of fans Ts4-70 N 6-8 version N 1

Fig.6. Slinging of fans Ts4-70 N 6-8 version N 6

Fig.7. Slinging fans Ts4-70 N 10, 12.5

Fig.8. Slinging the upper part of the fan casing Ts4-76 N 16, 20

Fig.9. Slinging the lower part of the fan casing Ts4-76 N 16, 20

Fig. 10. Slinging the shaft with the fan frame Ts4-76 N 16, 20

Fig. 11. Axial fan strapping

Fig. 12. Axial fan strapping

Fig. 13. Fan strapping VKR-6,3.30.45.6.01

Fig. 14. Stropovka air-thermal curtain A6.3 STD 729.00.00.001

Fig. 15. Scrubber strapping

Fig. 16. Slinging of a cyclone type CN

Fig. 17. Slinging the OKF irrigation chamber packaging

Fig. 18. Slinging the packaging of the ventilation unit drive

Fig. 19. Slinging the packaging of the wheel and guide vane in the casing

Fig.20. Slinging the packaging of the air filter FR-3

Fig.21. Strapping the valve package

Fig.22. Slinging the packaging of KO and VK cameras

Fig.23. Slinging the air duct

Fig.24. Slinging an enlarged unit raised in a vertical position

2.13. The method of installation of air ducts should be selected depending on their position (horizontal, vertical), location relative to structures (inside or outside the building, against the wall, near columns, in the intertruss space, in the shaft, on the roof of the building) and the nature of the building (single or multi-story , industrial, public, etc.).

2.14. As shaped parts of complex geometric shape, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, noise suppressors and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers, etc., flexible air ducts made of SPL fiberglass, metal fabric, aluminum foil, etc. should be used. The use of flexible air ducts as straight links is not allowed.

In order to reduce aerodynamic drag parts made of flexible hoses in the mounted position must have a minimum degree of compression.

2.15. Installation of metal air ducts should be carried out, as a rule, in enlarged blocks in the following sequence:

marking installation sites for air duct fastening devices;

installation of fastening means;

coordination with builders of the location and methods of fastening lifting equipment;

delivery of air duct parts to the installation site;

checking the completeness and quality of the delivered air duct parts;

assembly of air duct parts into enlarged blocks;

installing the block in the design position and securing it;

installation of plugs at the upper ends of vertical air ducts located at a height of up to 1.5 m from the floor.

2.16. The length of the block is determined by the cross-sectional dimensions and type of connection of the air ducts, installation conditions and the availability of lifting equipment.

The length of enlarged blocks of horizontal air ducts connected on flanges should not exceed 20 m.

2.17. Organization schemes working area when installing air ducts are given in Fig. 25-28.

Fig.25. Scheme of organizing the work area when installing air ducts according to external wall building
1 - console with block; 2 - winch; 3 - auto hydraulic lift; 4 - traverse; 5 - guy; 6 - block

Fig.26. Scheme of organizing the work area when installing horizontal air ducts in a building
1 - winch; 2 - traverse; 3 4 - pendants

Fig.27. Scheme of organizing the work area when installing horizontal air ducts on an overpass
1 - enlarged air duct assembly; 2 - traverse; 3 - truck crane; 4 - auto hydraulic lift

Fig.28. Scheme of organizing the work area when installing vertical air ducts along the outer wall of the building
1 - enlarged air duct assembly; 2 - semi-automatic sling; 3 - winch;

4 - block; 5 - console; 6 - brackets; 7 - stretching

2.18. During the installation of air ducts, operational control must be carried out in accordance with the Operational Control Card.

Operational control map for installation of metal air ducts

Table 1

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Supply of air duct parts to the installation site	Checking the completeness of the ventilation system (presence of control devices, fastening devices, etc.)	-	Constant 100%. Visually. Compliance with the picking list, sketches
Marking installation locations for air duct fastening devices	Fastening installation step in accordance with SNiP 3.05.01-85	Tape measure 10 m Plumb 200 g	Constant 100%
Drilling holes in building structures	Drilling depth	Steel meter	Constant 100%
Installation of fasteners	Mounting strength	-	Constant 100%. Visually
Assembly of parts of air ducts, control and air distribution into enlarged units Devices on site	Correct assembly in accordance with the design. Tightness of connections	-	Visually. Constant 100%
Lifting to the design level and interconnecting enlarged air duct units with preliminary fastening	The position of transverse seams and detachable connections of air ducts relative to building structures. Verticality of risers. No kinks or curvature on straight sections of air ducts	Plumb 200 g	Visually. Constant 100%
Alignment of mounted air ducts and their final fastening	Horizontal installation of air ducts and compliance with slopes in the distributing sections of air ducts. The density of coverage of the air duct with clamps. Reliability and appearance fastenings	Metal meter, tape measure 10 m, level 300 mm	Constant 100%. Visually
Connecting air ducts to ventilation equipment	Correct installation of soft inserts (no sagging)	-	Constant 100%. Visually
Testing the operation of control devices	Smooth operation of control devices		Day off 100%. Visually

2.19. Fans must be installed in the following sequence:

acceptance of ventilation chambers;

delivery of the fan or its individual parts to the installation site;

installation of lifting equipment;

slinging the fan or individual parts;

lifting and horizontal movement of the fan to the installation site;

installation of the fan (fan assembly) on supporting structures (foundation, platform, brackets);

checking the correct installation and assembly of the fan;

securing the fan to supporting structures;

checking fan operation.

2.20. During the installation of fans, operational control must be carried out in accordance with the Operational Control Cards.

Operational control card for installation of centrifugal fans

table 2

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Supply of the fan unit to the installation site	Checking the availability and quality of components	-
Installing the frame on stands. Installation of vibration isolators under the frame	Horizontal level of foundation, frame	Level 300 mm	Constant 100%
Installing fans on a frame with vibration isolators	Vertical on the pulley, horizontal on the shaft	Plumb 200 g	Constant 100%
Assembly of fans on the frame: Fan Frame Installation Installing the Lower Fan Shroud Installation of the turbine with fastening its frame to the frame Setting the input Branch pipe	Fastening strength. The gap between the edge of the front impeller disk and the edge of the inlet pipe. Fastening strength	- Ruler	Visually. Constant 100%
Installing the upper part of the casing and connecting the individual parts of the fan casing to the flanges	Tightness of connection	-	Visually. Constant 100%
Adjustment and final fastening of vibration isolators on the frame	Uniform settlement of vibration isolators. Strength of attachment of vibration isolators to the frame	-	Visually. Constant 100%
Turbine balancing before start-up	Correct turbine wheel position	-	Constant 100%. (when scrolling, the risks should not coincide)
Installing the skid and electric motor on the skid	Parallelism of the sled. Strength of fastening of the electric motor to the skid. The strength of the connection between the electric motor and the fan. Parallelism of the axes of the fan and electric motor shafts. Ease of rotation of fan and motor shafts	Level 300 mm Cord	Constant 100%. Visually Visually, testing by hand
Installing the belt drive on the pulleys. Belt drive guard	Alignment of grooves for V-belts of fan and electric motor pulleys. Correct belt tension	Cord (cord tension in the plane of the ends of the pulleys), steel meter, testing by hand	Constant 100%
Connecting air ducts to a fan with installation of flexible inserts	Tightness of connections. No sagging in flexible inserts	-	Visually. Constant 100%

Operational control chart for installation of axial fans

Table 3

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
	Quality (no mechanical damage), completeness	-	Constant 100%. Visually, compliance with the passport data of the fan and electric motor
Installation of the fan unit on metal brackets. Fan mount	Strength of supporting structures. Strength of fan attachment to supporting structures. Vertical, horizontal	Plumb	Visually. Constant 100%
Checking the fan operation	The gap between the ends of the blades and the shells. Correct direction and ease of rotation of the impeller	Ruler	Constant 100%. Visually, testing by hand

Operational control chart for installation of roof fans
Table 4

Supply of the fan complete with electric motor to the installation site	Completeness, quality (no mechanical damage)	-	Constant 100%. Visually, compliance with the passport data of the fan and electric motor
Checking the horizontality of the support flange of the glass	Horizontal	Level 300 mm	Constant 100%
Connecting a self-opening valve to a fan	Ease of valve movement	-	Constant 100%. Visually, testing by hand
Installing the fan housing on the glass and securing it with anchor bolts	Strength of fan attachment to supporting structures. Shaft verticality. Ease of rotation of fan and motor shafts. Gap between inlet pipe and impeller	Plumb	Constant 100%. Visually Testing by hand Constant 100%
Checking the fan operation	Correct direction of wheel rotation	-	Constant 100%. Visually (according to the project)

2.21. After completion of the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems, pre-launch individual and complex tests are carried out, which should be performed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 and SNiP 3.05.05-84.

The participation of representatives of ventilation, electrical installation organizations and the customer in individual tests is mandatory and is documented with appropriate entries in the “Log of applications for turning the electric drive together with the mechanism.”

Individual tests of ventilation equipment in idle mode are carried out by the installation organization under the guidance of an engineer and technical worker dedicated for this purpose.

To conduct individual tests of ventilation equipment, the customer appoints responsible person, authorized to give orders for the supply and removal of voltage from electrical installations. Starting of electric motors when testing ventilation and air conditioning systems is carried out by a representative of the electrical installation organization.

Comprehensive testing of equipment is carried out by the customer with the participation of representatives of design and contracting companies construction organizations. Installation specialized organizations, together with operating personnel, provide round-the-clock duty to monitor the work and correct operation equipment.

Individual tests of ventilation and air conditioning systems are allowed only after complete assembly and installation of ventilation equipment, installation of guards for moving parts, checking the condition of electrical wiring, grounding and correct connection of the power supply.

Before starting a comprehensive test and adjustment of the ventilation and air conditioning system, you must make sure that there are no people in the air conditioners and supply chambers, and also remove all foreign objects and tools from the air ducts, filters, and cyclones.

If, during pre-start testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems, extraneous noise or vibration of equipment exceeding the permissible level is detected, the tests should be stopped immediately.

After disconnecting the ventilation equipment from the power supply, you must not climb or enter air ducts, bunkers and shelters until the equipment has completely stopped.

After completion of pre-start tests and adjustments, as well as during breaks (finishing work, lunch), the ventilation equipment must be disconnected from the power supply.

A typical flow chart for ventilation installation is drawn up for forced ventilation systems that include a network of air ducts. Its main purpose is to familiarize workers and engineers with how installation work should proceed. ventilation ducts, assistance in arranging equipment indoors, correct distribution of technological processes that will subsequently occur in production, etc.

How to install ventilation ducts correctly

Most of the work in the installation of air conditioning and ventilation systems is occupied by the installation of ventilation ducts.

Industrial ventilation

And this is not strange, because they are located inside the entire building if the room is used in industrial purposes, then these are also large dimensions, plus they often have to be installed at a great height, and this significantly complicates the matter. As a result, you have to resort to the help of special machines and equipment. Most often these are self-propelled cranes, mobile assembly platforms, auto-hydraulic lifts, etc.

The complexity of installation is influenced by many factors:

• Complexity of the designed system;
• Features of the building design;
• Ambient conditions, etc.

To simplify the technological process of installing air ducts, units consisting of straight sections of ventilation pipes and fittings are prefabricated. After installing each unit, you need to check the data contained in the ventilation installation flow chart.

Stages of installation of horizontal metal ventilation ducts

To properly install a network of ventilation ducts, you need to adhere to a certain algorithm of actions.

Fastening

The fastening means are installed first. This is done by welding them to embedded parts or using a special mounting gun. Places where lifting mechanisms will be located are outlined, scaffolding, towers, and so on are prepared. On inventory stands, small parts are assembled into units, and units from large ventilation ducts are made on the floor. Clamps and other fastenings are installed.

When the intermediate preparation is completed, the knots are tied, and rope guys are tied at the ends of the knots.

The preparatory work is completed, installation can begin. With the help of special lifting mechanisms, the units are brought to previously marked places and suspended from the fastenings. All that remains is to attach part of the system to the previously mounted unit using a flange.

There are other options for installing air ducts. The method is selected depending on their position in space, the characteristics of the industrial facility, environmental conditions, the location of the air ducts (inside or outside the building) and other things.

If the ventilation system includes air conditioning and air heating, then it should be designed in accordance with all points of SNiP 2.04.05-91, while taking into account in advance the possibility of breakdown and repair, and regulatory requirements.

Basic installation positions

It is important to correctly position the ventilation ducts in relation to the building structures. For this purpose, special recommendations have been developed to correctly secure round and round air ducts. rectangular section. Basic recommendations and sizes are given below.

The axes of the ventilation pipes are placed parallel to the planes next to which they are mounted. It is necessary to select the correct distance (taken in millimeters) from the plane of the wall (ceiling, floor) to the axis of the pipe. If ducts with a round cross-section are used: L=0.51Dmax+50, where Dmax is the largest diameter of the air duct, including the insulator.

Ventilation ducts

In the case of using channels with a rectangular cross-section, the formula looks like this: L=0.5bmax+x, where bmax is the maximum channel width; x – the distance between the outer surface of the pipe and the wall must be at least 5 cm.

It is accepted that for pipes with a width of 10 to 40 cm x = 10 cm, 40...80 cm x = 20 cm, 80...150 cm x = 40 cm. The distance from the axis of the channel to the electrical wire is also important. Air ducts with a round cross-section: L=0.5Dmax+300. With rectangular cross-section: L=0.5bmax+300.

If two ventilation branches run parallel, then adhere to the following minimum distance between their axes. Circular section: L=0.5(Dmax+D’max)+250. Rectangular section: L=0.5(bmax+b’max)+x.

In the case where ventilation pipes are mounted under the ceiling, you must also maintain a minimum distance to it. Round section: L=0.5Dmax+100. Rectangular: L=0.5bmax+x. If air ducts pass through building structures, a distance of 10 centimeters should be maintained.

Connecting air ducts to each other

The network of ventilation ducts consists of separate small parts that are connected to each other using bands, slats, strips, socket and other connections.

Air line details

To properly secure ventilation pipes, you should use the working documentation and relevant requirements. If wafer connections are used during the fastening process, then the following distances between them are maintained:

• When using pipes with a diameter of less than 400 mm, the distance should be no more than 4 meters;
• If the diameter is 400 mm or more, then the distance becomes up to 3 meters.

When installing air ducts in a horizontal position with a round cross-section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or rectangular with a side of up to 2000 mm, the distance between the fasteners is taken to be no more than 6 meters.

If the pipes are installed in a vertical position, then the distance between the fasteners is up to 4 meters.

Installation design

Before installing the ventilation line, you need to do the installation design correctly. It consists of several main stages.

Axonometric diagram

At the first stage, an axonometric diagram of the system is drawn, then the network of air channels is divided into individual parts. Next, you should choose a method for connecting small components to each other and to larger units. The places where the fastenings will be located in the future are determined. Sketches of non-standard parts are also made, where all required dimensions for their manufacture. And at the end, documents for installation design are drawn up:

• Drawings of non-standard parts;
• Axonometric diagram;
• Picking sheets.

Depending on the region where the ventilation system is installed, the kit will depend necessary documents. But the three listed above will always be present.

Installation of air ducts at an industrial facility

Air ducts and parts of ventilation systems must be manufactured in accordance with the working documentation and from materials approved for use in construction. In addition, the manufacture and installation of air ducts and equipment for ventilation and air conditioning systems must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of SNiP 41-01-2003.

Air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing steel with a diameter and larger side size of up to 2000 mm should be made:

Spiral-lock or straight-seam on folds;

Spiral-welded or straight-seam welded.

Air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing steel with a side size of more than 2000 mm should be made of panels (welded, glue-welded).

Air ducts made of metal plastic should be made on folds, and from of stainless steel, titanium, as well as from sheet aluminum and its alloys - on seams or by welding.

Air ducts made of sheet aluminum and its alloys with a thickness of up to 1.5 mm should be made on seams, with a thickness from 1.5 to 2 mm - on seams or welding, and with a sheet thickness of more than 2 mm - on welding.

Longitudinal folds on air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing and stainless steel and sheet aluminum with a diameter or larger side size of 500 mm or more must be fixed at the beginning and end of the air duct section spot welding, electric rivets, rivets or dowels.

Seams on air ducts, regardless of metal thickness and manufacturing method, must be made with a cutoff.

The end sections of seam seams at the ends of air ducts and in the air distribution openings of plastic air ducts must be secured with aluminum or steel rivets with an oxide coating, ensuring operation in aggressive environments specified in the working documentation.

Seam seams must have the same width along their entire length and be uniformly tightly seated.

There should be no cross-shaped seam connections in seam ducts, as well as in cutting charts.

On straight sections of rectangular air ducts with a side cross-section of more than 400 mm, rigidities should be structurally made in the form of bends (zigs) with a pitch of 300 - 500 mm along the perimeter of the air duct or diagonal bends (zigs). With a side of more than 1000 mm and a length of more than 1000 mm, in addition, it is necessary to install external rigidity frames in increments of no more than 1250 mm. The stiffening frames must be securely fastened with spot welding, rivets or self-tapping screws.

On metal-plastic air ducts, the stiffening frames must be installed using aluminum or steel rivets with an oxide coating, ensuring operation in aggressive environments specified in the working documentation.

Elements of shaped parts should be connected to each other using ridges, folds, welding, and rivets.

Elements of shaped parts made of metal-plastic should be connected to each other using folds.

Zig connections for systems transporting air of high humidity or mixed with explosive dust are not allowed.

Connecting sections should be done:

for round air ducts using the wafer method (nipple/coupling), band connection or on flanges;

For rectangular air ducts: tire (large/small) or on flanges. Connections must be strong and tight.

Fastening the tire to the air duct should be done with rivets with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm, self-tapping screws (in the absence of fibrous components in the transported medium), spot welding, grooving every 200 - 250 mm, but not less than four. Internal corners tires must be filled with sealant.

The flanges on the air ducts should be secured by flanging with a persistent ridge, welding, spot welding, rivets with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm or self-tapping screws (in the absence of fibrous components in the transported medium), placed every 200 - 250 mm, but not less than four.

Regulating devices (gates, throttle valves, dampers, air distributor control elements, etc.) must be easy to close and open, and also be fixed in a given position.

Air ducts made of non-galvanized steel, their connecting fasteners (including internal surfaces flanges) must be primed (painted) at the procurement plant in accordance with the working documentation. The final painting of the outer surface of the air ducts is carried out by specialized construction organizations after their installation.

Ventilation blanks must be equipped with parts for connecting them and means of fastening.

2.2. Preparatory work

2.2.1. General provisions

Rice. 1. Slings

a - lightweight sling with loops; b - lightweight sling with hooks;
c - four-leg sling

The lifted load should be kept from rotation by guys made of hemp ropes with a diameter of 20 - 25 mm or guys made of steel ropes with a diameter of 8 - 12 mm. For horizontal elements of ventilation systems (enlarged air duct units), two guys should be used, for vertical elements (sections of air conditioners, roof fans, air ducts, etc.) - one.

The most common slinging methods are shown in Fig. - .

Rice. 2. Slinging VPA-40

Rice. 3. Slinging of an autonomous air conditioner KTR-1-2.0-0.46

Rice. 4. Slinging of radial (centrifugal) fans, version No. 1

Rice. 5. Slinging fans Ts4-70 No. 6 - 8, version No. 1

Rice. 6. Slinging fans Ts4-70 No. 6 - 8, version No. 6

Rice. 7. Slinging fans Ts4-70 No. 10, 12.5

Rice. 8. Slinging the air duct

For the entire installation period, areas for storing air ducts must be equipped.

The installation of an on-site air duct warehouse must satisfy the following basic requirements:

Be located near access roads highways or railway tracks;

The boundaries of the warehouse must be at least 1 m from the road;

Be at a minimum distance from the installation site, if possible within the reach of the tower crane;

Do not interfere with construction and installation work;

Storage areas for air ducts must be carefully planned with a slope of 1 - 2° to drain surface water, covered with draining sand or gravel, and necessary cases- have ditches;

Walkways, driveways and loading and unloading areas must be cleared of debris, construction waste (including winter time- from snow and ice) and sprinkled with sand, slag or ash;

Storage of ventilation products must be organized in compliance with work safety and fire protection requirements;

Barrier posts must be installed in the corners of the open warehouse, warning signs for vehicle drivers and signs with the name of the installation department or site and the location of the cargo receiver must be posted;

The warehouse must be lit.

Warehousing and storage of air ducts must be organized in accordance with current standards and in compliance with the following requirements:

Air ducts of rectangular cross-section must be stacked; straight sections with a height of no more than 2.7, shaped parts - no more than 2 m;

Round ducts should be installed vertically;

Air ducts delivered in inventory containers should be stored in these containers at specially organized container sites. It is prohibited to store air ducts and other products in railway containers;

During storage, each air duct should be placed on wooden stock pads;

Air ducts in stacks should be placed taking into account the installation sequence: stacks and containers should be provided with signs;

Passages with a width of at least 1 m must be left between the stacks; Every three stacks there should be passages for vehicles 3 m wide.

Air ducts are moved across the floors of multi-storey buildings using lifting and transport equipment or manual transport.

2.3. Works of the main period. Installation

2.3.1. Installation of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems. General provisions

Installation of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 73.13330.2012, SP 48.13330.2011, SNiP 12-03-2001, SNiP 12-04-2002, standards and instructions of equipment manufacturers, as well as in accordance with fire safety regulations requirements of SP 7.13130.2009.

Installation must be carried out using industrial methods from air duct assemblies and equipment supplied complete in large blocks.

Installation of systems should be carried out when the object (occupancy) is ready for construction in the amount of:

For industrial buildings- the entire building with a volume of up to 5000 m3 and part of the building with a volume of over 5000 m3;

For residential and public buildings up to five floors - a separate building, one or more sections; over five floors - five floors of one or more sections.

Another installation arrangement is possible depending on the adopted design scheme.

2.3.2. Air duct installation

The method of installation of air ducts should be selected depending on their position (horizontal, vertical), location relative to structures (near the wall, near columns, in the intertruss space, in the shaft, on the roof of the building) and the nature of the building (single or multi-story, industrial, public and etc.).

Flexible air ducts made of SPL fiberglass, metal fabric, aluminum foil, etc. should be used as shaped parts of complex geometric shapes, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, noise suppressors and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers, etc. Flexible air ducts are not allowed as straight links.

In order to reduce aerodynamic drag, parts made from flexible hoses in the mounted position must have a minimum degree of compression.

Installation of metal air ducts should be carried out, as a rule, in enlarged blocks in the following sequence:

Marking installation locations for air duct fastening devices;

Installation of fastening means;

Coordination with builders of the location and methods of fastening lifting equipment;

Delivery of air duct parts to the installation site;

Checking the completeness and quality of the delivered air duct parts;

Assembly of air duct parts into enlarged blocks;

Installing the block in the design position and securing it;

Installation of plugs at the upper ends of vertical air ducts located at a height of up to 1.5 m from the floor.

The length of the block is determined by the cross-sectional dimensions and type of connection of the air ducts, installation conditions and the availability of lifting equipment.

The length of enlarged blocks of horizontal air ducts connected on flanges should not exceed 20 m.

Schemes for organizing the work area during the installation of air ducts are given in Fig. - .

Rice. 9. Scheme of organizing the work area during installation of air ducts
along the outer wall of the building

1 - console with block; 2 - winch; 3 - auto hydraulic lift;
4 - traverse; 5 - guy; 6 - block

Rice. 10. Scheme of organizing the working area when installing horizontal
air ducts in the building

1 - winch; 2 - traverse; 3 - enlarged air duct unit; 4 - pendants

2.3.3. Fan installation

Fans must be installed in the following sequence:

Acceptance of ventilation chambers;

Delivery of the fan or its individual parts to the installation site;

Installation of lifting equipment;

Slinging a fan or individual parts;

Lifting and horizontal movement of the fan to the installation site;

Installation of the fan (fan assembly) on supporting structures (foundation, platform, brackets);

Checking the correct installation and assembly of the fan

Fastening the fan to supporting structures;

Checking the fan operation.

During the installation of fans, step-by-step operational control must be carried out in accordance with the operational control cards.

2.3.4. Installation of refrigeration system equipment

Installation of refrigeration system equipment must be carried out in the following sequence:

Acceptance of a room or site for equipment;

Delivery of the installation or its individual parts to the installation site;

Installation of lifting equipment;

Slinging the installation or its individual parts;

Lifting and horizontal movement of equipment to the installation site;

Installation (assembly) of equipment on supporting structures (foundation, site);

Checking the correct installation and assembly of equipment;

Fastening the installation to supporting structures;

Commissioning works

Checking the operation of the equipment.

2.4. Testing and commissioning

Upon completion of installation work, contractors must carry out tests of internal systems. Tests must be carried out before finishing work begins.

Commissioning work is carried out after completion of construction and installation work, during the period of preparation and transfer of systems into operation. As a rule, they consist of individual tests and comprehensive testing.

Comprehensive testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems of a building (structure, etc.) is carried out according to the program and schedule developed by the general contractor or on his behalf by the commissioning organization. The results of complex tests are documented in the form of a report.

2.4.1. Testing and commissioning of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems

The final stage of installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems is commissioning works and commissioning of systems. Acceptance of work is carried out in the following sequence:

Inspection of hidden work;

Individual testing of ventilation equipment (run-in);

Handover for pre-launch testing and commissioning.

Air ducts and

ventilation equipment hidden in shafts, suspended ceilings, etc. The results of acceptance of work hidden by subsequent work in accordance with the requirements of the design and regulatory documentation are formalized by acts of inspection of hidden work.

Check the tightness of sections of air ducts hidden by building structures using aerodynamic tests (if the requirements are specified in the detailed design); Based on the results of the leak test, draw up an inspection report for hidden work.

Individual tests of ventilation equipment (run-in) are carried out to check the performance of electric motors and the absence of mechanical defects in rotating elements of the equipment. As a rule, running-in is carried out after installation of equipment with a connected air duct network. In cases of installation of large-sized equipment in hard-to-reach places (roofs of buildings, basements, etc.), it is recommended to carry out a run-in before delivering the equipment to the installation site (at the production base or directly at the construction site).

When running in equipment with an unconnected network, it is prohibited to turn it on without creating artificial resistance (plug 3/4 of the suction hole).

Run-in of ventilation equipment is carried out within 1 hour, or by checking the current values ​​of the motor operating in operating mode.

The discrepancy between readings should not exceed 10% of current values I n indicated on the engine.

In the absence of power supply ventilation units and air conditioning according to a permanent scheme; the connection of electricity according to a temporary scheme and checking the serviceability of starting devices is carried out by the general contractor.

Based on the test results (run-in) of ventilation equipment, an individual equipment test report is drawn up (Appendix E, SP 73.13330.2012).

When adjusting ventilation and air conditioning systems to design air flow rates, the following should be done:

Check the compliance of the actual design of ventilation and air conditioning systems project documentation and requirements SP 73.13330.2012 ;

Testing fans when operating them in a network, checking compliance with actual technical characteristics passport data, including: air consumption and total pressure, rotation speed, power consumption, etc.;

Checking the uniformity of heating (cooling) of heat exchangers and checking the absence of moisture removal through the drop eliminators of irrigation chambers or air coolers;

Determination of flow rate and resistance of dust collection devices;

Checking the operation of natural ventilation exhaust devices;

Testing and adjusting the ventilation network of systems in order to achieve design indicators for air flow in air ducts, local suction, air exchange in rooms and determining leaks or air losses in systems.

Deviations of air flow indicators from those provided for in the design documentation after adjustment and testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems are allowed:

Within ±8% - in terms of air flow passing through the air distribution and air intake devices of general ventilation and air conditioning installations, provided that the required air pressure (rarefaction) is ensured in the room;

Up to +8% - in terms of air flow, removed through local suction and supplied through shower pipes.

A passport is issued in two copies for each ventilation and air conditioning system (Appendices G, SP 73.13330.2012).

2.4.2. Testing of refrigeration systems

Testing of water refrigeration systems should be carried out with the heat generators and expansion vessels turned off using the hydrostatic method with a pressure equal to 1.5 operating pressure, but not less than 0.2 MPa (2 kgf/cm2) at the lowest point of the system.

The system is considered to have passed the test if, within 5 minutes of being under test pressure:

The pressure drop will not exceed 0.02 MPa (0.2 kgf/cm2);

There are no leaks in welds, pipes, threaded connections, fittings and equipment.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

Quality control of work on the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems should be carried out by specialists or special services that are part of the construction organization or attracted from outside, equipped with technical means that ensure the necessary reliability and completeness of control.

Quality control of work is carried out at all stages of the technological chain, starting from project development and ending with its implementation at the facility on the basis of design and production plans and technological maps. Quality control should include incoming control of working documentation, structures, products, materials and equipment, operational control of individual installation processes or production operations and assessment of the conformity of the work performed.

During the incoming inspection of working documentation, its completeness and the sufficiency of the technical information contained in it for the execution of work are checked.

During the incoming inspection of products, materials and equipment, an external inspection checks their compliance with the requirements of standards or other regulatory documents and working documentation, as well as the presence and content of passports, certificates and other accompanying documents.

3.1. Requirements for the quality of work on installation of air ducts

Air ducts must be installed in accordance with design references and marks. The connection of air ducts to process equipment must be made after its installation.

Air ducts intended for transporting humidified air should be installed so that there are no longitudinal seams in the lower part of the air ducts.

Sections of air ducts in which dew may fall out of the transported material. humid air, should be laid with a slope of 0.01 - 0.015 towards the drainage devices.

Gaskets between tires or duct flanges must not protrude into the ducts.

Gaskets must be made of the following materials: foam rubber, tape porous or monolithic rubber with a thickness of 4 - 5 mm, polymer mastic rope (PMZ) - for air ducts through which air, dust or waste materials with temperatures up to 343 K (70 ° C) move .

To seal wafer-free air duct connections, the following should be used:

Sealing tape of the “Gerlen” type - for air ducts through which air moves at temperatures up to 313 K (40 ° C);

Mastic like “Buteprol”, Silicone and other certified sealants - for round air ducts with temperatures up to 343 K (70 ° C);

Heat-shrinkable cuffs, self-adhesive tapes - for round air ducts with temperatures up to 333 K (60 °C);

Other sealing materials specified in the working documentation.

Bolts in flange connections must be tightened, and all bolt nuts must be located on one side of the flange. When installing bolts vertically, the nuts should generally be located on the underside of the joint.

Fastening of air ducts should be carried out in accordance with the working documentation.

Fastenings of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) on a wafer band connection should be installed:

At a distance of no more than 4 m from one another with the diameter of a round duct or the size of the larger side of a rectangular duct less than 400 mm.

At a distance of no more than 3 m from one another - with a diameter of a round duct or a larger side of a rectangular duct of 400 mm or more.

Fastenings of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts on a flange, nipple (coupling) connection should be installed at a distance of no more than 6 m from one another:

For round sections with a diameter of up to 2000 mm,

For a rectangular section on flanges, a busbar on a flange connection with a round section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or a rectangular section with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive.

Distances between fastenings of insulated metal air ducts of any size cross sections, as well as non-insulated air ducts of round cross-section with a diameter of more than 2000 mm or rectangular cross-section with dimensions of its larger side of more than 2000 mm should be designated as working documentation.

Fastening of the nipple (coupling) should be done with rivets with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm or self-tapping screws with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm every 150 - 200 mm of the circumference, but not less than three.

The clamps must fit tightly around the metal air ducts.

The fastenings of vertical metal air ducts should be installed at a distance of no more than 4.5 m from one another.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts inside the premises of multi-storey buildings with a floor height of up to 4.5 m should be carried out in the interfloor ceilings.

The fastening of vertical metal air ducts inside rooms with a floor height of more than 4.5 m and on the roof of a building must be determined by the working documentation.

Attaching guy wires and hangers directly to the air duct flanges is not allowed. The tension of adjustable suspensions must be uniform.

The deviation of air ducts from the vertical should not exceed 2 mm per 1 m of air duct length.

Freely suspended air ducts must be braced by installing double hangers every two single hangers with a hanger length of 0.5 to 1.5 m.

For hangers longer than 1.5 m, double hangers should be installed through each single hanger.

Air ducts must be reinforced so that their weight is not transferred to the ventilation equipment.

Air ducts, as a rule, must be connected to fans through vibration-isolating flexible inserts made of fiberglass or other material that provides flexibility, density and durability.

Vibration isolating flexible inserts should be installed immediately prior to individual testing.

When making straight sections of air ducts from polymer film, bends of the air ducts are allowed no more than 15°.

To pass through enclosing structures, the air duct made of polymer film must have metal inserts.

Air ducts made of polymer film must be suspended on steel rings made of wire with a diameter of 3 - 4 mm, located at a distance of no more than 2 m from one another.

The diameter of the rings should be 10% larger than the diameter of the air duct. Steel rings should be secured using wire or a plate with a cutout to a supporting cable (wire) with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm, stretched along the axis of the air duct and secured to the building structures every 20 - 30 m.

To prevent longitudinal movements of the air duct when it is filled with air, the polymer film should be stretched until the sagging between the rings disappears.

Table 1. Operational control map for installation of metal air ducts

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Supply of air duct parts to the installation site	Checking the completeness of the ventilation system (presence of control devices, fastening devices, etc.)		Constant 100%. Visually. Compliance with the picking list, sketches
Marking installation locations for air duct fastening devices	Fastening installation step in accordance with SNiP 3.05.01-85	Roulette I= 10 m Plumb M = 200 g	Constant 100%
	Drilling depth	Steel meter	Constant 100%
Installation of fasteners	Mounting strength		Constant 100%. Visually
Assembly of air duct parts, control and air distribution devices into larger units on site	Correct assembly in accordance with the design. Tightness of connections		Visually. Constant 100%
Lifting to the design level and interconnecting enlarged air duct units with preliminary fastening	The position of transverse seams and detachable connections of air ducts relative to building structures. Verticality of risers. No kinks or curvature on straight sections of air ducts	Plumb M= 200 g	Visually Constant 100%
Alignment of mounted air ducts and their final fastening	Horizontal installation of air ducts and compliance with slopes in the distributing sections of air ducts. The density of coverage of the air duct with clamps. Reliability and appearance of fastenings	Metal meter, tape measure I= 10 m, level I= 300 mm	Constant 100%. Visually
Connecting air ducts to ventilation equipment	Correct installation of soft inserts (no sagging)		Constant 100%. Visually
Testing the operation of control devices	Smooth operation of control devices		Day off 100%. Visually

3.2. Requirements for the quality of fan installation work

Radial fans on vibration bases and on a rigid base installed on foundations must be secured with anchor bolts.

When installing fans on spring vibration isolators, the latter must have a uniform settlement. Vibration isolators do not need to be attached to the floor.

When installing fans on metal structures, vibration isolators should be attached to them. The elements of metal structures to which vibration isolators are attached must coincide with the corresponding elements of the fan unit frame.

When installed on a rigid base, the fan frame must fit tightly against the sound-insulating gaskets.

The gaps between the edge of the front disk of the impeller and the edge of the inlet pipe of the radial fan, both in the axial and radial directions, should not exceed 1% of the diameter of the impeller.

The shafts of radial fans must be installed horizontally (shafts of roof fans - vertically), the vertical walls of the casings of centrifugal fans must not have distortions or slopes.

Gaskets for multiple fan shrouds should be made of the same material as the duct gaskets for that system.

Electric motors must be accurately aligned with the installed fans and secured. The axes of the pulleys of electric motors and fans when driven by a belt must be parallel, and the center lines of the pulleys must coincide. Belts must be tensioned in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements.

The electric motor slides must be mutually parallel and level. The supporting surface of the slide must be in contact along the entire plane with the foundation.

Couplings and belt drives should be protected.

The fan suction opening, which is not connected to the air duct, must be protected with a metal mesh with a mesh size of no more than 70x70 mm.

Table 2. Operational control chart for installation of centrifugal fans

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Supply of the fan unit to the installation site	Checking the availability and quality of components		Constant 100%.
Installing the frame on stands. Installation of vibration isolators under the frame	Horizontal level of foundation, frame	Level I= 300 mm	Constant 100%
Installing fans on a frame with vibration isolators	Vertical on the pulley, horizontal on the shaft	Plumb M= 200 g	Constant 100%
Assembling fans on the frame: installing the fan frame, installing the lower part of the fan casing, installing the turbine with fastening its frame to the frame, installing the inlet pipe	Fastening strength. The gap between the edge of the front impeller disk and the edge of the inlet pipe. Fastening strength		Visually. Constant 100%
Installing the upper part of the casing and connecting the individual parts of the fan casing to the flanges	Tightness of connection		Visually. Constant 100%
Adjustment and final fastening of vibration isolators on the frame	Uniform settlement of vibration isolators. Strength of attachment of vibration isolators to the frame		Visually. Constant 100%
Turbine balancing before start-up	Correct turbine wheel position		Constant 100%. (when scrolling, the risks should not coincide)
Installing the skid and electric motor on the skid	Parallelism of the sled. Strength of fastening of the electric motor to the skid. The strength of the connection between the electric motor and the fan. Parallelism of the axes of the fan and electric motor shafts. Ease of rotation of fan and motor shafts	Level I= 300 mm	Constant 100%. Visually
			Visually, testing by hand
Installing the belt drive on the pulleys. Belt drive guard	Alignment of grooves for V-belts of fan and electric motor pulleys. Correct belt tension	Cord (cord tension in the plane of the ends of the pulleys), steel meter, testing by hand	Constant 100%
Connecting air ducts to a fan with installation of flexible inserts	Tightness of connections. No sagging in flexible inserts		Visually. Constant 100%

Table 3. Operational control chart for installation of axial fans

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
	Quality (no mechanical damage), completeness		Constant 100%. Visually, compliance with the passport data of the fan and electric motor
Installation of the fan unit on metal brackets. Fan mount	Strength of supporting structures. Strength of fan attachment to supporting structures. Vertical, horizontal	Plumb M= 200 g	Visually. Constant 100%
Checking the fan operation	The gap between the ends of the blades and the shells. Correct direction and ease of rotation of the impeller		Constant 100%. Visually, testing by hand

Table 4. Operational control chart for installation of roof fans

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Supply of the fan complete with electric motor to the installation site	Completeness, quality (no mechanical damage)		Constant 100%. Visually, compliance with the passport data of the fan and electric motor
Checking the horizontality of the support flange of the glass	Horizontal	Level I= 300 mm	Constant 100%
Connecting a self-opening valve to a fan	Ease of valve movement		Constant 100%. Visually, testing by hand
Installing the fan housing on the glass and securing it with anchor bolts	Strength of fan attachment to supporting structures. Shaft verticality. Ease of rotation of fan and motor shafts. Gap between inlet pipe and impeller	Plumb M= 200 g	Constant 100%. Visually Testing by hand
			Constant 100%
Checking the fan operation	Correct direction of wheel rotation		Constant 100%. Visually (according to the project)

3.3. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of air conditioners

Air conditioner heaters should be assembled on gaskets made of certified material with heat resistance corresponding to the temperature of the coolant. The remaining blocks, chambers and units of air conditioners must be assembled on gaskets made of rubber tape 3 - 4 mm thick, supplied complete with the equipment.

Air conditioners must be installed horizontally. The walls of chambers and blocks should not have dents, distortions or slopes.

The valve blades must turn freely (by hand). In the “Closed” position, tight fit of the blades to the stops and to each other must be ensured.

The supports of chamber units and air conditioner units must be installed vertically.

Flexible air ducts should be used in accordance with the working documentation as shaped parts of complex geometric shapes, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, noise suppressors and other devices located in suspended ceilings and chambers.

The use of flexible air ducts as main air ducts is not allowed.

Fastening of fan coil units, closers, split systems should be done in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturers.

4. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL AND FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

Installation ventilation ducts must be carried out in accordance with the safety, sanitation and occupational hygiene requirements established by building codes and labor safety rules in construction.

Before being allowed to work on the installation of ventilation ducts, heads of organizations are required to provide training and instructions on occupational safety in the workplace.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination without contraindications to work at height, have professional skills, have been trained in safe methods and techniques of work and have received the appropriate certificate are allowed to perform work at height.

To perform independent steeplejack work in accordance with the List of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during the performance of which the use of labor by persons under eighteen years of age is prohibited, persons (workers and technical workers) who are at least 18 years old, who have undergone a medical examination and recognized as fit to perform steeplejack work, having experience in steeplejack work for at least one year and tariff category not lower than third.

Workers admitted to steeplejack work for the first time must work for one year under the direct supervision of experienced workers appointed by order of the organization.

Persons who have undergone appropriate training, instruction and testing of knowledge of safe work rules with registration in a special journal and who have a qualification certificate are allowed to carry out electric welding work. Persons with medical contraindications are not allowed to perform electric welding work at height.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, been trained in the rules of using the tool, labor safety, and have an electrical safety group of at least II are allowed to work with electrified tools, and for connecting and disconnecting electrical points with a group of at least III. All electrified tools are subject to accounting and registration in a special journal. Each instrument must have an accounting number. Monitoring the serviceability and timely repairs electrified tools are assigned to the department of the chief mechanic of the construction organization. Before issuing an electrified tool, it is necessary to check its serviceability (no short circuit to the body, insulation of the supply wires and handles, condition of the working part of the tool) and its operation at idle speed.

Responsibility for the correct organization of safe work at the site rests with the work manufacturer and the foreman.

Admission of unauthorized persons, as well as workers in a state of intoxication, to the territory of the construction site, production, sanitary premises and workplaces is prohibited.

Work on the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems, as well as equipment for refrigeration systems, is carried out in accordance with the work permit for work under conditions of hazardous and (or) harmful production factors.

Installation should be carried out only if there is a work plan, technological maps or installation diagrams. In the absence of the specified documents installation work news is prohibited.

The order of installation determined by the work project must be such that the previous operation completely eliminates the possibility of industrial hazards when performing subsequent ones. Installation of air ducts and parts of equipment for ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems should, as a rule, be carried out in large blocks using lifting mechanisms.

There should be no people under the mounted elements. A suspended air duct or a block of air ducts must not be secured to trusses, floors and other building structures in places not provided for by the work design.

Installation of air ducts from scaffolding, scaffolding and platforms must be carried out by at least two workers.

Alignment of flange holes when connecting air ducts should be done only with mandrels. It is forbidden to check the coincidence of the holes of the flanges being connected with your fingers.

Hemp rope guys should be used to prevent the duct blocks being lifted from swinging or twisting.

Work on installing ventilation ducts may only be carried out with working tools. Wrenches must exactly match the dimensions of the nuts and bolts, and have no bevels on the edges or burrs on the handle. You should not unscrew or tighten nuts with a large (compared to the head) wrench with metal plates between the edges of the nut and the wrench, or lengthen spanners by connecting another wrench or pipe.

Workplaces and work areas during installation at night must be illuminated. Illumination should be uniform, without the glare of lighting devices on workers. Work in unlit areas is not allowed.

Before starting work on the installation of internal systems, places that are dangerous for work and the passage of people should be fenced off, provided with inscriptions and signs, safety signs installed, and when working at night, marked with light signals.

When installing air ducts, provision should be made for the installation of fasteners to which the air duct installer can secure himself when working at height.

Exploitation construction machines(lifting mechanisms, small-scale mechanization), including maintenance, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001 and the instructions of the manufacturers. The operation of lifting mechanisms, in addition, must be carried out taking into account PB 10-382-00 “Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes”.

Places where open arc electric welding work is performed must be fenced off using fireproof screens, shields, etc.

When performing electric welding work in the open air, canopies made of fireproof materials must be built over installations and welding stations. In the absence of canopies, electric welding work should be stopped during rain or snowfall.

To protect against drops of molten metal and slag falling during electric welding under the welding site in places where people pass, it is necessary to install a dense platform covered with sheets of roofing iron or asbestos cardboard.

When installing ventilation ducts on roofs with a slope of more than 20°, as well as regardless of the slope on wet and frost- or snow-covered roofs, workers must use safety belts, as well as ladders with a width of at least 0.3 m with cross bars for supporting the legs; ladders must be secured during operation.

Loading and unloading operations should be performed in accordance with GOST 12.3.002-75*, GOST 12.3.009-76*.

Loading and unloading operations must be performed mechanized using lifting and transport equipment and small-scale mechanization. Loads should be lifted manually in exceptional cases, observing the standards established by current documents.

When loading and unloading ventilation duct blanks and their parts, containers should be used. While lifting, lowering or moving a container, workers must not be on or inside it, or on adjacent containers.

Slinging and unslinging of cargo should be done in accordance with PB 10-382-00.

The supply of materials, ventilation components, and equipment to workplaces must be carried out in a technological sequence that ensures the safety of work. Workpieces and equipment should be stored at workplaces in such a way that there is no danger when performing work, passages are not cramped, and it is possible to assemble air ducts into enlarged blocks. It is necessary to monitor correct placement equipment and workpieces on the floors, avoiding concentration and not exceeding the permissible loads per 1 m2 of floor.

Ventilation blanks should be stored in stacks no more than 2.5 m high on gaskets and pads. Large and heavy equipment should be stored in one row on supports.

The storage area for workpieces and ventilation equipment at the construction site must be fenced and located in the area of ​​an active load-lifting crane. The storage area must be planned, have slopes for water drainage, and be cleared of snow and ice in winter.

Explosive or harmful paints and other materials are allowed to be stored at workplaces in quantities not exceeding shift requirements. Such materials must be stored in tightly closed containers.

Between stacks (racks) on sites and in warehouses, passages with a width of at least 1 m and passages, the width of which depends on the dimensions of transport and loading and unloading equipment serving the warehouse or site, must be provided.

Managers of installation organizations are required to provide workers, engineers and employees with special clothing, safety footwear and other personal protective equipment in accordance with regulatory requirements.

All persons on the construction site are required to wear safety helmets. Workers and engineers without safety helmets and other necessary personal protective equipment are not allowed to perform work on the installation of air ducts.

When working at height, installers of ventilation systems must always use safety belts.

Workers and employees receiving personal protective equipment (respirators, gas masks, safety belts, helmets, etc.) must be trained in the rules for using them.

All work on the installation of ventilation ducts should be carried out in the presence and under the guidance of responsible engineers in accordance with the rules for the production and acceptance of work in accordance with SP 73.13330. 2012 with strict adherence to occupational safety requirements according to:

	Name of machines, mechanisms, machine tools, tools and materials			Quantity
	Spray gun with a capacity of 600 m3/h
	Compressor with a capacity of 20 - 30 m3/h
	Double-sided open-end wrenches
	Files flat, square, triangular, round, semicircular with cut No. 1, 2, 3
	Steel hammer
	Bench chisel
	Screwdriver for mechanics (set)
	Combination pliers
	Hand scissors for cutting metal
	Scriber
	Bench vice with manual drive
	Metal measuring ruler
	Welder shield
	Mounting and traction mechanism
	Rack jack
	Drilling machine
	Electric grinder
	Electric impact wrench
	Electric screwdriver
	Electric hammer drill
	Electric scissors
	Mounting device for moving loads
	Manual winch
	Hydraulic jack
	Single-sided riveting gun
	Safety climbing device			Table 6- Composition of the brigade Profession Number of workers of this category Total number of workers Ventilation system installer 5 - 6 categories (foreman) 4 digits Ventilation system installer: 4 digits 3 digits 2 digits As an example of the installation of ventilation ducts, we will take the installation of vertical risers of air ducts measuring 800x800 mm with an area of ​​100 m2 using a hand winch. The costs of labor and machine time for the installation of ventilation ducts are calculated according to the “Unified Standards and Prices for Construction, Installation and Repair Work” (presented in Table 7) Unit of measurement is 100 m2 of ventilation ducts. Table 14 - Calculation of labor costs and machine time Justification (ENiR and other standards) Scope of work Standard time Labor costs workers, person-hours workers, person-hours driver, person-hour (machine operation, machine hours) E9-1-46 No. 1a Drilling holes with an electric drilling machine in building structures E1-2 Table. 3 No. 1ab Delivery of air duct parts to the installation site E10-5 Table. 12 No. 4v Assembling air ducts into enlarged blocks, installing fastening means, lifting and installing blocks, connecting an installed block with a previously installed one, alignment and final fastening of the system E10-13 Table. 2g Apply. Installation of plugs at the upper ends of vertical air ducts TOTAL: Name of technological processes Scope of work Labor costs Accepted squad composition Duration of the process, h Work shifts workers, person-hours driver, man-hours, (operation of machines, machine-hours) Working hours Drilling holes in building structures Ventilation system installer Delivery of air duct parts to the installation site Loader driver rigger Assembly of air ducts into enlarged blocks, lifting and installation of blocks, alignment and final fastening of the system Ventilation system installers Installation of plugs at the upper ends of vertical air ducts Ventilation system installers

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD FOR INSTALLATION OF VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

AIR DUCTS INSTALLATION

1 AREA OF USE

1 AREA OF USE

A standard flow chart (TTK) has been drawn up for one of the options for the installation of air ducts for ventilation systems in industrial and public buildings.

The TTK is intended to familiarize workers and engineers with the rules for the production of work, as well as for the purpose of using it in the development of work production projects, construction organization projects, and other organizational and technological documentation.

2. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Ventilation systems. Modern techniques for installing air ducts

In the total scope of work on the installation of ventilation, air conditioning, pneumatic transport and aspiration systems at industrial facilities, the most labor-intensive is the installation of air ducts.

Most of the air duct installation has to be performed at height, which complicates the process of assembling ventilation systems, especially considering the significant dimensions and a lot of ventilation equipment parts. This necessitates the use of special machines, mechanisms and devices when installing ventilation. These include machines such as self-propelled cranes, auto-hydraulic lifts, self-propelled retractable scaffolding, mobile assembly platforms, etc.

When installing ventilation systems, the method of installing air ducts depends on the design features of ventilation systems, the features of building structures, the conditions for installing ventilation, and the presence of lifting mechanisms.

The most progressive method of installing air ducts involves preliminary assembly of air ducts and enlarged units 25-30 m long, made up of straight sections of air ducts and fittings.

Ventilation systems. Installation of horizontal metal air ducts

When installing horizontal metal air ducts, be sure to follow the following sequence of work:

- install fastening means by welding to embedded parts or using a construction gun;

- designate locations for installing mechanisms for lifting air duct units and prepare inventory scaffolding, scaffolding, and towers for work;

- bring individual parts of air ducts and assemble them into large units on inventory stands, and parts of air ducts of large sections - on the floor;

- install clamps or other means of fastening.

After the intermediate assembly of the air ducts, the assembly unit is traversed with inventory slings, and guy ropes made of hemp rope are tied at the ends of the units.

Duct mounting assembly raised to the design mark from the inventory scaffolding with a car lift or other mechanisms, then suspended it from the previously installed mounts. At the end of installation, the air duct is connected with flanges to a previously installed section of the air duct.

In installation practice, there are such design options for laying metal air ducts as laying under the ceiling of a building, on an external wall, overpass, or in the intertruss space.

When installing air ducts, the following basic requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 "Internal sanitary systems" must be observed.

The method of installing air ducts is chosen depending on their position (vertical, horizontal), the nature of the object, local conditions, location relative to building structures (inside or outside the building, against the wall, near columns, in the intertruss space, in the shaft, on the roof of buildings), and also from the solutions contained in the PPR or standard technological maps.

Air ducts of ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems should be designed in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs SNiP 2.04.05-91, providing for technical solutions, ensuring maintainability, explosion and fire safety of systems and regulatory requirements.

Installation positions, methods of connecting and fastening air ducts

In order to unify the location of air ducts relative to building structures, it is recommended to use the installation positions of round and rectangular air ducts developed by GPI "Proektpromventiliya". These duct installation positions are determined by the following guidelines and dimensions.

1. The axes of the air ducts must be parallel to the planes of the building structures.

2. The distance from the duct axis to the surfaces of building structures is calculated using the following formulas:

Where is the maximum diameter of the air duct being laid, including insulation, mm;

Where is the maximum width of the laid air duct, mm; - distance between the outer surface of the air duct and the wall (at least 50 mm), mm.

With a duct width of 100-400 mm 100 mm, with 400-800 mm 200 mm, with 800-1500 mm 400 mm.

3. The minimum permissible distance from the axis of the air duct to the outer surface of the electrical wires is determined by the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

4. The minimum permissible distance from the axis of the air duct to the outer surface of the pipelines is found using the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

5. When laying several air ducts in parallel at the same level, the minimum permissible distance between the axes of these air ducts is calculated using the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

Where and are the diameters of the air ducts, mm; and - dimensions of the sides of rectangular air ducts, mm.

6. The minimum permissible distance from the axis of the air ducts to the ceiling surface is determined by the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

7. When air ducts pass through building structures, flange and other detachable connections of air ducts should be placed at a distance of at least 100 mm from the surface of these structures.

Individual parts of air ducts (straight sections and shaped parts) are connected to each other into an air duct network using flanged and wafer connections (bandages, strips, slats, socket and other connections).

The fastening of air ducts should be carried out in accordance with the working documentation and the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 *. Fastening horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) to a wafer connection should be installed at the following distances:

- no more than 4 m with diameters of a round duct or dimensions of the larger side of a rectangular duct less than 400 mm;

- no more than 3 m with a diameter of a round duct or a larger side of a rectangular duct of 400 mm or more.

Fastenings of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts on a flange connection with a circular cross-section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or a rectangular cross-section with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive should be installed at a distance of no more than 6 m. The distance between the fastenings of insulated metal air ducts of any cross-sectional sizes, as well as non-insulated air ducts circular cross-section with a diameter of more than 2000 mm or rectangular cross-section with the dimensions of its larger side exceeding 2000 mm should be designated as working documentation.

The fastenings of vertical metal air ducts should be installed at a distance of no more than 4 m.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts indoors with a floor height of more than 4 m and on the roof of a building should be specified in the working design.

The designs of connections for air duct parts will be discussed in more detail in specialized literature.

Development of technical documentation for the manufacture and installation of air ducts

The development of technical documentation for the manufacture and installation of air ducts comes down to the development of an axonometric wiring diagram ventilation (air conditioning) systems, picking lists of air duct parts and lists serial production(silencers, dampers, air distributors, umbrellas, deflectors, etc.), as well as drawings (sketches) of non-standardized parts. The listed technical documentation is called an installation or assembly and procurement (EP) project.

The minimum wage is needed to place an order at a procurement enterprise for the manufacture of air duct parts for installed ventilation and air conditioning systems, to check the completeness of system blanks, as well as to determine the place of each part made at the procurement enterprise in the system during its installation. The minimum wage is developed for each system.

To develop MP, the following initial data are required:

- working drawings of the OB brand of the installed systems and architectural and construction drawings of the AR brand, plans and sections of the building (structure) at the locations of the mounted systems;

- albums and other materials containing data on standardized parts and assemblies of mounted systems;

- overall and connecting dimensions of equipment and standard parts;

- recommended installation positions of system assembly units;

- regulatory and methodological materials on the procedure for implementation and registration of MP systems.

Installation design consists of the following steps:

- using RF OV grades, draw an axonometric diagram of the system, divide the routes of the system’s air ducts into parts, usually standardized, contained in albums, standards and other documents;

- choose the types of connections of parts with each other and with other assembly units of the system;

- establish locations and types of fastenings for system air duct routes;

- develop sketches (drawings) of non-standardized parts with determination of all the dimensions necessary for their manufacture;

- draw up documents required for small businesses:

1) axonometric installation diagram of the system;

2) picking lists;

3) sketches for non-standard (non-standard, non-standard) parts.

Other documents may be developed. There is no state standard or other uniform norms for the composition of MP documents, and therefore their list in different regions and enterprises may differ. The three items listed above are required documents. However, their structure and content may differ.

Axonometric wiring diagram is drawn on the basis of an axonometric diagram of the working drawing developed by the design organization before the start of installation design, i.e. it is available as input data. The axonometric wiring diagram can be a copy of the RF diagram in configuration, or it can be depicted arbitrarily on a separate sheet without observing scale. Markings of fan levels, ceilings, rises and falls of air ducts, as well as the lengths of horizontal straight sections and all diameters and sections of air ducts are applied to this diagram. For comparison, Fig. 1 shows axonometric diagrams of the same ventilation system and an axonometric diagram from the working drawings and an installation diagram.

Fig.1. Axonometric diagrams of the ventilation system:

A- working drawing diagram; b- installation diagram; 1...14 - standardized parts

The circuit is divided into parts (details). First, standard, typical and standardized parts of the system are identified, the dimensions of which are known. Then sketches of non-standard (non-standardized) parts are developed in an axonometric projection, and the dimensions necessary for their manufacture are determined. Find the total lengths of straight sections of the network between standard, typical, shaped parts and other elements. Straight-line summary sections of air ducts are divided into individual sections (parts) of the length recommended by VSN 353-86. In this case, one of the individual sections of each straight line of air ducts may differ from the recommended length. He is called measured. The length of the sub-measurement is usually specified locally, and therefore it is advisable to make one flange free to move along the axis of the air duct when making a flange connection. Sections are assigned numbers, they are designated by numbers in circles, for example (T), which means section number 1. Figure 2 shows a simplified fragment of an axonometric installation diagram of the ventilation system air duct route. The fragment is used to illustrate a simplified picking list (Table 1.1).

Fig.2. Fragment of the air duct installation diagram:

1 , 2 , 3 - straight sections; 4 - straight section with end mesh; 5 - a straight section with a grid and a slider; 6 - straight section with inset; 7 , 8 - bends; 9 - transition

It was noted above that the MP includes the development of picking lists and lists of air duct parts.

For each system there is a one or several picking lists. The number of statements and their form depend on the requirements of the enterprises fulfilling the order for the manufacture of parts. So, for example, the supply list for a ventilation system may contain the following data: part numbers, their names, dimensions of parts (diameter for round air ducts; side dimensions of rectangular air ducts; lengths), quantity (pieces, kg of one piece and weight of all pieces ), metal thickness. The parts themselves are listed in the list not in the sequence in which they are located in the system along the air flow, but according to groups of the same type:

- straight sections;

- straight sections with insets;

- straight sections with gratings, nets, etc.;

- bends and half-bends;

- transitions;

- boxes.

The composition of the groups and their order in the list in different regional organizations may differ.

A sample picking list is presented in Table 1.1, which was compiled for a fragment of the system shown in Fig. 2. At the end of the picking list, data on the total surface area of ​​the air ducts and the total areas by thickness of metal and parts can be given (separately by straight sections and fittings, by metal thickness in m and kg); number and list of connecting elements (bandages, flanges and connections on the tire - quantity for each size); grilles and mesh, VEPsh (pressed ejection panel air distributors) and other parts installed on air ducts.

Table 1.1

Complete list of air duct parts

N details	the name of detail	Diameter, mm	Length, mm	Quantity, pcs.	Surface, m		Note
	Straight section						Grid with slider 200x200 mm
	Straight section with end mesh
	Straight section with grid and slider
	Straight section with insert

ROUTING

INSTALLATION OF INTERNAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS

1 AREA OF USE

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. The technological map has been developed for a set of works on the installation of metal air ducts of internal ventilation systems in public premises.

On the basis of this technological map, technological maps can be developed for the installation of metal air ducts of internal ventilation systems in office premises, offices with various design solutions in relation to specific planning conditions. The technological map under consideration can be tied to a specific object and take into account the accepted design dimensions. At the same time, production schemes, volumes of work, labor costs, mechanization means, materials, equipment, etc. are clarified. All technological maps are developed according to the working drawings of the project and regulate the means of technological support, the rules for performing technological processes during the construction and reconstruction of buildings and structures, and during the installation of utility networks.

1.2. For linking or when developing technological maps, the following documents are required as initial data:

- working drawings of the ventilation system;

- architectural and construction drawings and floor plans of buildings;

- building codes and regulations (SNiP, VSN, SP);

- instructions, standards, factory instructions and technical specifications (TS) for the main materials used (wires, cables, ventilation ducts, air ducts, fittings, etc.);

- uniform standards and prices for installing ventilation in premises (ENiR, GESN-2001);

- production standards for material consumption (NPRM);

- progressive standards and prices, maps of labor organization and labor processes used in the installation of ventilation systems for buildings and structures.

2. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The regulatory basis for the development of technological maps for ventilation are: SNiP, SN, SP, GESN-2001 ENiR, production standards for material consumption, progressive local standards and prices, labor cost standards, material and technical resource consumption standards.

2.2. The work performed sequentially during the installation of a supply ventilation system includes:

- collection of manufactured ventilation parts;

- installation of the ventilation system according to the design diagram;

- commissioning of the ventilation system.

2.3. Ventilation - controlled air exchange in rooms serves mainly to create air conditions favorable to human health, meeting the requirements of the technological process, preserving equipment and building structures, storing materials and products.

A person, depending on the type of activity (energy costs), releases heat (100 kcal/hour or more), water vapor (40-70 g/hour) and carbon dioxide (23-45 l/hour) into the surrounding air; production processes may be accompanied by immeasurably large releases of heat, water vapor, harmful fumes, gases and dust. As a result, the air in the room loses its hygienic qualities, which are beneficial for a person’s well-being, health and performance.

Hygienic requirements for ventilation come down to maintaining certain meteorological conditions of the air (temperature, humidity and mobility) and its purity.

The essence of ventilation is as follows: the supply air is mixed with the air in the room and, as a result of the heat or mass exchange that occurs, the specified air parameters are created in the room.

Ventilation installation work should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

SNiP 3.01.01-85* "Organization of construction production";
________________
*SNiP 3.01.01-85 is not valid. SNiP 01/12/2004 “Construction Organization” is valid hereinafter. - Database manufacturer's note.

SNiP 3.05.01-85* "Internal sanitary systems";
________________
* SNiP 3.05.01-85 is not valid. SP 73.13330.2012 "Internal sanitary systems of buildings. Updated edition of SNiP 3.05.01-85" is in effect hereinafter. - Database manufacturer's note.


SNiP 3.05.05-84 "Technological equipment and technological pipelines";

SNiP 12-03-2001 "Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements";

SNiP 12-04-2002 "Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production";

SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation, air conditioning";

SP 7.13130.2009 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire safety requirements";
________________
* SP 7.13130.2009 was declared invalid as of 02/25/2013 with the entry into force of SP 7.13130.2013 (Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated 02/21/2013 N 116

SP 60.13330.2012 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning";

SP 73.13330.2012 "Internal sanitary systems of buildings";

SP 131.13330.2012 "Building climatology";

GOST 12.1.005-88 SSBT. "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area."

3. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

3.1. In accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85* “Organization of construction production”, before the start of construction and installation (including preparatory) work at the site, the General Contractor is obliged to obtain, in the prescribed manner, permission from the Customer to perform installation work. The basis for starting work can be the Certificate of Inspection of Hidden Work to Prepare Premises for Installation of Ventilation.

3.2. Installation of ventilation systems is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP, Working Design, Work Project and instructions of equipment manufacturers. Replacement of materials and equipment provided for by the project is allowed only in agreement with the design organization and the customer.

3.3. The requirements for the installation of ventilation systems are limited to ensuring that the design parameters of the air environment in the ventilated rooms are ensured. This is achieved by maximum sealing of air duct systems and equipment, necessary sound insulation, appropriate conditions for operation, repair and replacement of equipment.

Reducing the time required to complete installation and assembly work, while maintaining their high quality, is achieved with high industrialization of work, which consists in the use of standard sections of ventilation chambers, blocks and air duct assemblies (shaped parts - diffuser, confuser, elbows, tees, crosses; control devices - valves , gates, throttling devices; fastenings; hangers; brackets; brackets; flanges) factory-made or made in workshops with appropriate mechanical equipment. As a rule, manufactured parts are only assembled on site, using mechanisms to move workpieces and ventilation equipment.

3.4. Before installation of ventilation systems begins, the following work must be completely completed and accepted by the customer:

- installation of interfloor ceilings, walls and partitions;

- construction of foundations or sites for the installation of fans, air conditioners and other ventilation equipment;

- building structures of ventilation chambers of supply systems;

- waterproofing work in places where air conditioners, supply ventilation chambers, and wet filters are installed;

- installation of floors (or appropriate preparation) in places where fans are installed on spring vibration isolators, as well as “floating” bases for installing ventilation equipment;

- arrangement of supports for installing roof fans, exhaust shafts and deflectors on building surfaces;

- preparation of holes in walls, partitions, ceilings and coverings necessary for laying air ducts;

- construction of foundations, bases and platforms for installation of ventilation equipment;

- application of auxiliary marks on the internal and external walls of all premises equal to the design marks of the finished floor plus 500 mm;

- plastering (or cladding) the surfaces of walls and niches in places where air ducts are laid;

- installation openings were prepared in the walls and ceilings for the supply of large-sized equipment and air ducts and crane beams were installed in the ventilation chambers;

- installed embedded parts in building structures for fastening equipment and air ducts in accordance with the working documentation;

- it is possible to turn on power tools, as well as electric welding machines, at a distance of no more than 50 m from one another;

- window openings in external fences are glazed, entrances and openings are insulated;

- measures have been taken to ensure safe installation work.

Acceptance of the object for installation must be carried out by employees of the installation organization according to the act.

3.5. When accepting an object for installation, the following must be checked:

compliance with all SNiP requirements and current technical specifications;

availability and correct execution of acts for hidden work;

geometric dimensions and connections to building structures of foundations for ventilation equipment and air conditioners, supporting structures on the roof of a building for installing roof fans and deflectors, openings for the passage of air ducts, installation openings;

correct installation of embedded parts;

installation of fencing for openings, decking and canopies.

3.6. Loading of blanks onto vehicles at procurement enterprises must be carried out by the enterprise, unloading at the site - by the installation department.

3.7. When transporting air ducts, depending on their type and dimensions, the following should be provided:

for air ducts of small sections - containerization or packaging;

for air ducts of large sections - telescopic installation;

for semi-finished products - special packaging.

3.8. It is recommended to carry out loading, unloading and rigging work at sites with the maximum use of mechanization with the help of workers who are part of the installation teams.

3.9. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training under the rigger program and received the appropriate certificate are allowed to work on lifting and moving cargo.

3.10. Winches, forklifts, truck cranes, jib cranes on pneumatic wheels and crawler tracks, tower and gantry cranes should be used as mechanized lifting equipment at sites.

3.11. It is recommended to carry out slinging of air ducts and ventilation equipment using inventory lifting equipment.

Slings should be selected depending on the type, weight of the load being lifted and the method of slinging. The most common slings are shown in Fig. 1.

Fig.1. Slings

A- lightweight sling with loops; b- lightweight sling with hooks; V- four-leg sling

3.12. The lifted load should be kept from rotation by guys made of hemp ropes with a diameter of 20-25 mm or guys made of steel ropes with a diameter of 8-12 mm. For horizontal elements of ventilation systems (enlarged air duct units), two guys should be used, for vertical elements (sections of air conditioners, roof fans, air ducts, etc.) - one.

The most common slinging methods are given in Table 1.

Slinging methods

Table 1

	Name
	Slinging VPA-40
	Slinging of an autonomous air conditioner KTR-1-2.0-0.46
	Slinging of fans Ts4-70 N 6-8 version N 1
	Slinging fans Ts4-70 N 10, 12.5
	Slinging the lower part of the fan casing Ts4-76 N 16, 20
	Slinging the OKF irrigation chamber packaging
	Slinging the packaging of the wheel and guide vane in the casing
	Slinging the packaging of the air filter FR-3
	Strapping the valve package
	Slinging the packaging of KO and VK cameras
	Slinging the air duct
	Slinging an enlarged unit raised in a vertical position

3.13. The method of installation of air ducts should be selected depending on their position (horizontal, vertical), location relative to structures (inside or outside the building, against the wall, near columns, in the intertruss space, in the shaft, on the roof of the building) and the nature of the building (single or multi-story , industrial, public, etc.).

3.14. Flexible air ducts made of SPL fiberglass, metal fabric, aluminum foil, etc. should be used as shaped parts of complex geometric shapes, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, noise suppressors and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers, etc. Flexible air ducts are not allowed as straight links.

In order to reduce aerodynamic drag, parts made from flexible hoses in the mounted position must have a minimum degree of compression.

3.15. Installation of metal air ducts should be carried out, as a rule, in enlarged blocks in the following sequence:

marking installation sites for air duct fastening devices;

installation of fastening means;

coordination with builders of the location and methods of fastening lifting equipment;

installation of lifting equipment;

delivery of air duct parts to the installation site;

checking the completeness and quality of the delivered air duct parts;

assembly of air duct parts into enlarged blocks;

installing the block in the design position and securing it;

installation of plugs at the upper ends of vertical air ducts located at a height of up to 1.5 m from the floor.

3.16. The length of the block is determined by the cross-sectional dimensions and type of connection of the air ducts, installation conditions and the availability of lifting equipment.

The length of enlarged blocks of horizontal air ducts connected on flanges should not exceed 20 m.

3.17. Schemes for organizing the work area during the installation of air ducts are given in Fig. 2-5.

Fig.2. Scheme of organizing the work area when installing air ducts along the outer wall of a building

1 - console with block; 2 - winch; 3 - auto hydraulic lift; 4 - traverse; 5 - guy; 6 - block

Fig.3. Scheme of organizing the work area when installing horizontal air ducts in a building

1 - winch; 2 - traverse; 3 - enlarged air duct unit; 4 - pendants

Fig.4. Scheme of organizing the work area when installing horizontal air ducts on an overpass

1 - enlarged air duct unit; 2 - traverse; 3 - truck crane; 4 - auto hydraulic lift

Fig.5. Scheme of organizing the work area when installing vertical air ducts along the outer wall of the building

1 - enlarged air duct unit; 2 - semi-automatic sling; 3 - winch; 4 - block; 5 - console; 6 - brackets; 7 - stretching

3.18. During the installation of air ducts, operational control must be carried out in accordance with the Operational Control Card.

3.19. After completing the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems, pre-launch individual and complex tests are carried out, which should be performed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 and SNiP 3.05.05-84.

The participation of representatives of ventilation, electrical installation organizations and the customer in individual tests is mandatory and is documented with appropriate entries in the “Log of applications for turning the electric drive together with the mechanism.”

Individual tests of ventilation equipment in idle mode are carried out by the installation organization under the guidance of an engineer and technical worker dedicated for this purpose.

To conduct individual tests of ventilation equipment, the customer appoints a responsible person authorized to give orders for the supply and removal of voltage from electrical installations. Starting of electric motors when testing ventilation and air conditioning systems is carried out by a representative of the electrical installation organization.

Comprehensive testing of equipment is carried out by the customer with the participation of representatives of design and contract construction organizations. Installation specialized organizations, together with operating personnel, provide round-the-clock duty to monitor the operation and proper operation of the equipment.

Individual tests of ventilation and air conditioning systems are allowed only after complete assembly and installation of ventilation equipment, installation of guards for moving parts, checking the condition of electrical wiring, grounding and correct connection of the power supply.

Before starting a comprehensive test and adjustment of the ventilation and air conditioning system, you must make sure that there are no people in the air conditioners and supply chambers, and also remove all foreign objects and tools from the air ducts, filters, and cyclones.

If, during pre-start testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems, extraneous noise or vibration of equipment exceeding the permissible level is detected, the tests should be stopped immediately.

After disconnecting the ventilation equipment from the power supply, you must not climb or enter air ducts, bunkers and shelters until the equipment has completely stopped.

After completion of pre-start tests and adjustments, as well as during breaks (finishing work, lunch), the ventilation equipment must be disconnected from the power supply.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

4.1. At all stages of work, it is necessary to carry out production quality control of construction and installation work, which includes incoming control of working documentation, structures, products, materials and equipment, operational control of individual construction processes or production operations and acceptance control of intermediate and final work cycles. The composition of controlled indicators, scope and methods of control must comply with the requirements of SNiP.

4.2. Quality control of construction and installation works must be carried out by specialists or special services equipped with technical means that ensure the necessary reliability and completeness of control. During the incoming inspection of working documentation, its completeness and the sufficiency of the technical information contained in it for the execution of work must be checked. During the incoming inspection of building structures, products, materials and equipment, their compliance with the requirements of standards or other regulatory documents and working documentation, as well as the presence and content of passports, certificates and other accompanying documents, should be checked by external inspection. The results of the incoming inspection are recorded in the Logbook for the results of the incoming inspection in the form: GOST 24297-87*, Appendix 1, to print the original form, see the Logbook for the results of the incoming inspection.
________________
* GOST 24297-87 was canceled in the Russian Federation from 01/01/2014 with the introduction of GOST 24297-2013 (Order of Rosstandart dated 08/26/2013 N 544-st). - Database manufacturer's note.


4.3. Operational control is carried out during construction processes or production operations in order to ensure timely detection of defects and take measures to eliminate and prevent them:

4.3.1. The quality of work is ensured by compliance with the requirements of technical conditions for the production of work, compliance with the necessary technical sequence when performing interrelated work, and technical control over the progress of work.

4.3.2. During operational control, it is necessary to check compliance with the technology for performing construction and installation processes specified in the work projects; compliance of the work performed with working drawings, building codes and regulations. Special attention should be taken to carry out special measures during construction on subsiding soils, in areas with landslides and karst phenomena, permafrost, as well as during the construction of complex and unique objects.

4.4. Control and assessment of the quality of work during the installation of a ventilation system is carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents:

SNiP 3.01.01-85*. Organization of construction production;
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