The septic tank has long gained popularity among owners country houses. This is a much more practical and safe treatment facility than the cesspool to which many summer residents are so accustomed. The design of septic tanks includes chambers where wastewater is settled, purified and processed. Thus, the water becomes safe for the environment. And the principle of operation of septic tanks is that sewer pipes are laid from the house and connected to the device.
The septic tank for a summer residence requires cleaning periodically. Depending on the type of structure, cleaning is carried out every one to five years. A septic tank will be a suitable sewage option for a suburban area. Detailed information about the installation, installation and connection of sewerage in a private house can be found at http://marisrub.ru/uslugi/inzhenernye-sistemy/kanalizatsiya.
Released today different kinds septic tanks for country house, which are distinguished by productivity and volume, material of manufacture and other parameters. Let's find out the rules of choice and consider the rating of septic tanks for a country house.
Types of septic tanks
They produce volatile and autonomous septic tanks, horizontal and vertical models, and devices that differ in type of operation. In the latter case, storage models, devices with soil filtration and deep cleaning are distinguished.
Storage septic tank is the most affordable option, representing an improved cesspool. Wastewater enters the container and is separated into fractions into storage tanks. The septic tank is cleaned as it fills.
This model is characterized by accessibility, easy installation and low cost. However, they are not very easy to use and require frequent cleaning. The storage structure is suitable for a summer house, which is used for seasonal living and housing.
Septic tanks with soil filtration and post-treatment are suitable for those who constantly live outside the city. In such a device, wastewater is cleaned, and not only accumulated and divided into fractions. Facilities with post-treatment can be cleaned once every two to three years. By the way, to increase the time between cleanings, special bacteria additives are used for septic tanks.
The design with soil post-treatment consists of two chambers. Such models are characterized by ease of use and maintenance, but they are not suitable for installation in areas with clay soil and increased level groundwater
Septic tanks with deep purification purify and disinfect water by 90-100%, so wastewater is disposed of in the ground without the risk of environmental pollution. The system is distinguished by its versatility and high level of wastewater treatment, absence of odors and easy installation.
A septic tank with deep biological treatment does not require regular cleaning and constant monitoring of the device’s operation. Cleaning is carried out no more than once every five years. This is a suitable option for a country cottage in which people live permanently. Among the disadvantages, we note the high cost of equipment and installation, but during subsequent operation there are practically no additional costs.
In addition, septic tanks are divided by type of material. The equipment is made of plastic, metal, brick and other raw materials. The most affordable and popular are plastic models, which are characterized by high strength and tightness, a light weight and installation, corrosion resistance. But when installing such a structure, there is a risk that the container will suffer when the soil moves.
Brick septic tanks will not provide proper sealing, so additional waterproofing is required during installation. But reinforced concrete septic tanks will become a reliable device that will last for a long time. Experts do not recommend installing metal models, since they are susceptible to corrosion, which reduces their service life.
How to choose the right septic tank for your dacha
- If the suburban area is located in warm regions or in middle lane Russia, choose plastic products. For northern and cold regions it is better to choose reinforced concrete structures that tolerate frost, temperature changes and humidity;
- For year-round living in country house Fine a septic tank will do with deep biological treatment; for seasonal stays at the dacha, standard storage models are often used;
- Each model is characterized by a certain performance. You can easily calculate the required capacity by multiplying 200 liters by the number of people who permanently live in the house. Where 200 liters is the approximate volume of water used by one person per day;
- If there are two or more bathrooms in the house, then the volume of the tank should be larger. Consider how many people constantly live in the room. So, for a one-story house with one bathroom and with 3-5 people living all year round, a septic tank with a volume of 2-3 m3 is suitable;
- Study the characteristics and opinions about the work of the model. Next, we will list the best septic tanks for a country house: a rating based on reviews from customers and experts.
Top 10 septic tanks for a summer residence
| Brand | Description | Volume (l) | Productivity (l/day) |
| Tank | An autonomous, durable and reliable plastic septic tank for any type of soil, easy installation and affordable price, will last more than 50 years. Requires cleaning only once every 4-5 years. Suitable for both seasonal and permanent residence | 1200; | 600; |
| Triton | Autonomous plastic device with a service life of about 50 years, high tightness and affordable price, easy installation and compact dimensions. The best option for country house, requires cleaning every 1-2 years | 750; | 250; |
| Tver | Plastic septic tank, simple design, easy installation, suitable for any soil, but depends on electricity, affordable price. Ideal for country cottages | 3000; | 750; |
| Poplar | A durable plastic model that can withstand frost down to -30 degrees and will easily last 50 years, works without pumping and smell, and depends on electricity. Suitable for large cottages and industrial premises | 2500; | 650; |
| Topas | Compact and unpretentious device operates without pumping, easy installation and service life of about 50 years, simple maintenance | 2300; | 800; |
| Ecopan | Stable and reliable septic tank, suitable for problematic soil, cleaning with a pump, works autonomously. Service life over 50 years, high corrosion resistance. Suitable for country houses and small cottages | 4200; | 500; |
| Aqua-bio | A simple to install and easy to maintain device for country houses and seasonal living, sealed and durable, low price, but not suitable for soil with high level groundwater | 2000; | 700; |
| Unilos | An efficient plastic septic tank without pumping, it runs on electricity, but there is a process for operation during power outages | 1700; | 1000; |
| Leader | Stable and durable design, easily withstands overloads due to contaminated wastewater, does not require the use of bioadditives, runs on electricity | 3600; | 500; |
| Yubas | Monolithic body, requires frequent cleaning, easy operation and maximum purification of the most contaminated wastewater, too expensive for small country houses | 2400; | 1000; |
Experts call the Tank the best autonomous septic tank. Among devices that depend on electricity, Topol received the largest number of positive reviews. But remember that the choice is influenced by the amount of water consumed and the number of bathrooms, the type of residence in a country house and the characteristics of the soil.
Experienced craftsmen will tell MariSrub which septic tank to choose for your dacha. We will select a durable and sealed model, perform installation reliably and quickly, and connect sewerage and other utility systems in a private home.
Already at the first stages of creating a wooden house project, we carry out the necessary calculations for the installation of each engineering system, including water supply and sewerage, ventilation and electrical wiring, heating. As a result, you will get a reliable system that will work for many years without problems!
Living in your own home will be comfortable if the owners provide everything for this the necessary conditions. Few people are already attracted to the options of delivering water in buckets from a well, with a wooden toilet on the site. All this is acceptable for dacha conditions with periodic weekend visits, but it looks like a complete anachronism if the family lives in the house permanently. This means that normal housing must be equipped with water supply and sewerage. It's good if locality It is possible to connect to central highways and collectors. But such cases are quite rare, and more often you have to create a completely autonomous systems.
How to choose a septic tank - detailed instructions
Water supply is a separate multifaceted topic, and in in this case We are interested in creating an independent sewer system. Discharge of untreated wastewater into the environment is strictly prohibited. This means installation is required special structures or devices for collecting, settling, cleaning, clarifying wastewater. In the practice of private housing construction, the optimal solution to this issue is the use of special containers - septic tanks. Such an element can be built on your own or purchased ready-made. This publication will discuss how to choose a factory-made septic tank, that is, what criteria for evaluating the product should be paid to Special attention.
What is a septic tank? The principle of its operation
A septic tank is the most important element of an autonomous sewage system or treatment plant. And, although it is not a complete wastewater treatment scheme in itself, its role is extremely important.
The main purpose of any septic tank is to collect all sewage from a house (group of houses), settle it and carry out preliminary biological treatment of varying degrees of depth. The wastewater that has gone through this cycle is discharged into ground filtration devices or structures, or is subject to regular pumping using special equipment. In any case, it prevents the entry into the environment of contaminated wastewater that poses a chemical and bacteriological danger to it.
How to choose a septic tank for a private house
In the absence of the possibility of connecting to a centralized sewerage main, owners of country houses have to take care of arranging local wastewater treatment systems. Septic tanks can help with this without affecting the environment. There are many types of such devices. Therefore, those who decide to install a local sewerage system on their site are faced with the question of which device is best to choose.
Types of septic tanks
The main classification of systems for recycling wastewater from a private home is based on the principle of operation.
- Storage containers are the simplest option. They are sealed containers. Sewage enters these containers and accumulates there, which needs to be pumped out, periodically calling the sewer truck.
Storage tanks for sewerage
Septic tank with post-treatment
Biological wastewater treatment
Compressor for septic tank HIBLOW HP-150
Note! Choosing a location on the site for placing septic tanks that carry out aerobic or anaerobic wastewater treatment must take into account sanitary rules.
Present on the market ready-made options various companies, but with certain skills you can make them yourself, for example, from concrete rings. The material, along with the design and other important parameters, is one of the factors that is taken into account when choosing a septic tank.
Online calculator for the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of residents and water use patterns
What should you consider when choosing a waste disposal device?
Before purchasing a septic tank, there are a few questions you need to answer.
- How many people will live in the house, what sanitary equipment will be installed? These factors determine the performance and volume of the septic tank.
- What are the features of the soil?
- What is the planned budget?
- Is it possible to connect to electricity?
- Can you make a septic tank yourself or do you prefer to buy a ready-made device?
How many people will live in the house
This setting affects performance. To determine it, you need to multiply the number of inhabitants by 200 liters, because this is how much wastewater per day, according to the standard, is generated by one person.
The wastewater remains in treatment plants for approximately three days. Therefore, productivity must be tripled to obtain the required volume of the station. You also need to take into account the possibility of guests arriving, and also decide whether the house will have sanitary equipment such as a bathtub, dishwasher and washing machine.
The number of residents affects the type of structure chosen and design features.
If the house is planned to be lived in by a small family only summer time, then the drive will be quite sufficient. For home maintenance year-round accommodation It is worth choosing a cleaning station.
The number of users determines the number of septic tanks with soil filtration. So, for a house in which 3 people will live, a single-chamber septic tank is sufficient. If more than 1 but less than 10 m3 of wastewater is generated per day, it is recommended to install a device consisting of two tanks.
Aeration stations cope best with large volumes.
Features of natural conditions
The depth of the primer and the type of soil determine whether it is possible to equip a soil filtration stage that will work effectively only on sandy loams and sands and low groundwater level.
Groundwater occurrence diagram
It is possible to install post-treatment on loam and clay, but this work will require a lot of time, money and physical costs.
Depends on the depth of soil freezing design features septic tanks The large neck allows you to deepen the device. Among the finished products there are options for installation in the ground with a deep point of zero temperatures.
Septic tank with sealed chambers
If you need to install a storage tank on heavily frozen soils, then you should give preference to vertical containers. But in areas with nearby primer, it is better to install horizontal storage tanks.
Vertical septic tank installation diagram
If there is a significant volume of wastewater and unsuitable natural conditions, it is better to choose a biological treatment station. True, their cost will be higher.
Costs for local sewerage installation
The amount of money that a home owner can allocate for the installation of a sewer system remains one of the main parameters for choosing a septic tank.
The most expensive are ready-made plastic treatment devices, especially those that use aeration to treat wastewater. There are models produced in Russia that have proven themselves among users: “Topas”, “Astra”. You can also purchase European septic tanks, for example, Uponor. On average, biorefinery stations cost 80-100 thousand rubles.
If natural conditions allow, then you can opt for ready-made septic tanks with soil post-treatment. Among such devices, the most popular are the Tank treatment stations, costing approximately 35-50 thousand rubles without taking into account the additional stage. An oxygen-free septic tank can also be built from scrap materials, for example, from Eurocubes, especially if you purchase used containers, which cost about 4-5 thousand rubles.
Construction of a septic tank from Eurocubes
The cheapest option is storage tanks.
The price of the finished product is also affected by what it is made of.
- Concrete rings – traditional and inexpensive material for septic tanks. But to install them you need to hire lifting equipment, which is not cheap.
- Ready-made plastic septic tanks are also often used; they are more expensive, but they can be put into the pit with the help of 1-2 people. In addition, you can make a tank from a large-diameter thick-walled pipe or use Eurocubes.
Note! Plastic products are subject to floating under groundwater pressure, so they must be installed on a concrete base to which the container must be attached.
How to choose a septic tank for a private house
Find out how to choose a septic tank for a private home. Types of septic tanks, performance and other characteristics of the treatment plant, site parameters. Photo
To save yourself from the need to inhale odors from cesspools, it makes sense to buy a septic tank for a private home, having first studied its features and given preference to a specific variety. The device will save the residents of the house from any troubles. If a large number of people permanently reside on the territory of a private house, the drainage pit simply will not cope with the task and will need an assistant, which can be a septic tank.
What is a septic tank
Private houses or country cottages differ from ordinary apartments in that there is no central sewerage system and the use of a special device will be required to remove domestic water. A septic tank is a sealed container in which liquid waste accumulates. Selected models A biological treatment function is available, but they cannot be classified as full-fledged treatment facilities.
What is it needed for
When installing sewer systems, owners of country houses must ensure wastewater treatment taking into account sanitary standards and soil characteristics. A reliable option would be a septic tank, also called a septic tank, whose function is to accumulate and purify waste leaving the premises. It passes impurities through itself, not allowing it to penetrate into the soil. Before making a septic tank in a private home, it is worth understanding its structure and operation.
Device
When building a cottage, it is necessary to pay special attention to the arrangement autonomous sewerage, since there is no central one for the project. Installing a septic tank in a private home allows you to solve problems with the removal of household waste and its cleaning. The work is carried out in three stages:
- Sewage waste leaving a private home is collected in sealed plastic containers at a local wastewater treatment plant.
- Inside the septic tank, particles are separated into heavy and light. The former settle at the bottom of the well, and the latter enter the next compartment.
- Aerobic cleaning is not always possible, so anaerobic cleaning often occurs. The sewage is filtered, and the resulting methane is removed through the exhaust pipe.
Types of septic tanks for a private home
Local treatment facilities are divided into two large groups - old and new. The first group is represented by brick septic tanks and reinforced concrete structures. These types are used less frequently for private homes due to time, power and material costs. However, concrete structures are considered more durable. The new ones include ready-made plastic septic tanks for the home, which have several more subtypes. The undoubted advantages include low cost, practicality of plastic, and lightness of the product.
Cumulative
Manufacturers of septic tanks installed in private homes understand that it is impossible to do without a sewer system, so they offer wide choose. The use of special tanks is often a solution to the problem. A storage septic tank is a container into which domestic water flows through pipes and is pumped out as it fills. You need to make calculations of the volume of liquid yourself and, based on this, order a storage tank the right size. This option has a number of features:
- There is no need to install drainage wells, which has a positive effect on the cost of the system.
- The tank itself for a private home will not be cheap, despite the simplicity of the device.
- The owner of the house can independently decide where the septic tank will be installed. However, you need to think through everything so that the access of the sewer truck is unhindered.
- The cost of pumping out waste will be expensive, so if your domestic water accumulates quickly, then the storage single-chamber septic tank– not your option!
Provide yourself comfortable life for permanent residence in a private house without sewerage is not possible. A bioseptic with the help of special bacteria solves the problem of wastewater treatment, giving a kind of guarantee of soil safety. The process looks like this:
- Sewage enters the first chamber of a popular septic tank, undergoing primary treatment there. Large particles and fats are separated and settle at the bottom.
- The waste is sent to the second tank of a three-chamber septic tank, where cleaning continues more actively.
- The sludge enters the first chamber, and the treated wastewater enters the third, where the final and main stage occurs.
- Completely purified water enters the well through a secondary settling tank.
With post-treatment
Waste that passes through a septic tank cannot be completely counted clean water, which can be discharged into a body of water or soil. Sometimes it is impossible to do without soil purification. The design of a treatment plant for a private home depends on various parameters: the characteristics of wastewater and soil. Soil filtration is more expensive, since it will be necessary to install:
- absorption trench,
- sand and gravel filter,
- filter well,
- filter fields.
Septic tanks for home
It is not easy to make a choice from the assortment available for sale. Initially, the eye falls on those devices that are cheap:
- Name: KNS Unipump Sanivort.
- Price: 11,328 rubles.
- Characteristics: the device pumps out wastewater, accumulating it in a tank.
- Pros: low price.
- Cons: small capacity.
More serious septic tanks installed in private homes are many times more expensive. However, they are often worth it:
- Name: EcoProm Rostock.
- Price: 55900 rubles.
- Characteristics: design containing a biological filter for wastewater treatment.
- Pros: high degree of purification.
- Cons: large dimensions.
There are entire autonomous deep biological treatment stations. In a private home they would be appropriate:
- Name: Unilos Astra 3.
- Price: 66,300 rubles.
- Characteristics: a container for collecting and filtering sewage that occurs in several stages.
- Pros: easy to use, copes well with the tasks.
- Cons: none.
Price for installing a septic tank
Retail and online stores are full of sales, promotions and discounts. Before installing a septic tank for filtering waste in a private home, you need to purchase it. It is not recommended to order delivery by mail; it is better to use the services of a transport company. Depending on its type, you can buy a septic tank for your home at a price ranging from 12,000 to 70,000 rubles. However, purchasing is half the battle. Installation costs may vary:
Septic tank for a private home: how to choose, reviews
A septic tank for a private home is a solution to problems with sewage and ridding yourself of the unpleasant odors of liquid waste. Find out about the types of devices and why you can't do without it.
A practical and successful option for installing a sewer system on your site - a septic tank - is a type of treatment facility that allows you to clean and dispose of wastewater. How to choose the right septic tank for a private home? The owner of a country home usually, when choosing a design, pays attention to its price and performance. The last factor will determine how effectively the product fulfills its purpose. The variety of these treatment plants in modern market It will make even the most experienced consumer in these matters confused. Local installation is included in the sewer system and is used to collect, settle and purify contaminated water from the home. For an ordinary country house they come in the following types:
Filler type - the structure can be made independently using concrete rings, Eurocube, etc.,
Sedimentation tanks with post-treatment through the ground,
Installations for deep cleaning.
When choosing optimal option For a septic tank, you should also pay attention to the material of its manufacture, the type of soil where it will be installed, and the purpose of the home (for stationary or seasonal living).
Types of septic tanks for a country house
Previously, when the production of plastic septic tanks was not so widespread, reinforced concrete structures, which were installed in stages, were more popular. Metal cleaning systems were also used. Today, wastewater treatment most often occurs using ready-made plastic plants. These products are reliable and durable. A high level of sealing ensures environmental safety of the installations. Depending on their performance characteristics, they are classified according to different criteria.
By filtration type
The classic storage option is an analogue of a conventional settling pit into which wastewater flows.
Cumulative model of septic tank U1250 with a volume of 1250 l (Cost about 25,000 rubles)
Water is stored in such tanks until it is pumped out by a sewer truck. Storage units require regular cleaning. Although the cost of such containers is small, frequently calling machines for cleaning is not a cheap “pleasure.” Therefore, such a choice can hardly be called economical.
With soil treatment - this option defends and purifies wastewater through a special drainage field.
Model Rostock 1000 with a volume of 1000 l (Cost about 25,000 rubles)
The water is thrown out, and sediment remains in the container itself, which must be removed 2-3 times a year using special equipment. As a result of treatment in such a septic tank, the water becomes 60-85% cleaner. Energy independence and ease of operation are the advantages of such a structure. But it cannot be installed in areas with high aquifers due to poor purification through soil filters.
A septic tank with deep biological treatment - in this case, you can achieve a high level of wastewater treatment (98-99%) and even reuse the liquid for household needs or for watering the garden.
Model Dochista Profi N5 with a volume of 1000 l (Cost about 65,000 rubles)
This option uses all types of wastewater treatment: chemical, biological, mechanical. Such tanks can be installed in any type of soil, they do not rot and can last for several decades. The disadvantages of biological septic tanks include their energy dependence. Therefore, in areas where there are frequent power outages, it will be difficult to achieve normal functioning installations.
Scheme of operation of a gravity wastewater treatment system
By material
Made of reinforced concrete - this option can be chosen for houses where people live out of season, that is, all year round. They last a long time, but require good waterproofing and are quite difficult to install.
Plastic containers can be installed in areas where the groundwater level is high. Plastic septic tanks for a private home are not subject to corrosion and are not afraid of the influence of aggressive environments.
Metal tanks are made from of stainless steel. However, compared to their plastic and concrete counterparts, they are not as durable and practical. In addition, such septic tanks are quite expensive.
A horizontal septic tank is most often chosen for areas where water from the ground rises high in the autumn-spring period.
The horizontal container has the shape of a cylinder and is made of plastic or stainless steel. Suitable for installing a country house with big amount waste water (10 or more cubic meters).
A vertical type septic tank is buried deeper than a horizontal tank.
Such products are suitable for installation in sewer systems with a small volume of wastewater (up to 2 cubic meters). However, such a tank is more airtight than the horizontal version.
Sometimes used combined option septic tanks of horizontal and vertical type, where each container is responsible for certain wastewater from the bathroom, kitchen or toilet.
By location
Underground is a more common version of the structure, which is buried to a certain depth. At the same time, the landscape of the site does not suffer.
The above-ground version of the structure is used if the geology of the site does not allow the installation of an underground option due to the high groundwater level. In this case, the septic tank will spoil the landscape of the site, so it should be mounted away from the viewing angle.
What to consider when choosing a septic tank
In order to correctly select and buy a septic tank for a country house or a dwelling located in the private sector, you should take into account the purpose of the room itself.
If the house will only be used during a certain season, then a simpler option for a sewer treatment plant will be suitable.
The water consumption per day is also taken into account. Based on this indicator, the required performance of the septic tank is determined. Water consumption depends on the number of people living in the house.
The characteristics of the soil are also taken into account. The possibility of installation on site should be determined. After all, the territory itself must answer sanitary standards: the distance from the septic tank to a residential building is 5 meters, from the septic tank to a well or well - 30 meters. If the area is small, then it is unlikely to fit all necessary requirements. In this case, preference should be given to the more expensive option - sewage with biological treatment.
Location of the septic tank on the site
In the area where the storage tank is installed, access for the sewer truck must be provided.
Best option: resume
To choose the right septic tank for a country house, you should take into account all the recommendations and carry out the necessary calculations. The current budget also matters, because some types are more expensive, but are not always a viable option for construction in specific situation. An optimally selected design model will guarantee environmental safety and cleanliness of the soil, and timely maintenance of the tank and pumping out wastewater (if provided for in the instructions) will extend its service life by for a long time. The best option a sewer tank will allow for the construction of a high-quality sewer system on the site and will significantly improve the living conditions in a private house.
Which septic tank to choose for a private home?
How to choose the right septic tank for a private home? The owner of a country home usually, when choosing a design, pays attention to its price and performance.
A review article on how to wisely choose a suitable septic tank for a private home.
First: consider the number of people who will use the septic tank
Each person will need at least two hundred liters per day, that is, if there are five people in a family, then the septic tank for a three-day stay of waste in it should have a volume of at least three cubic meters.
It is also worth considering the volume of water discharge in one salvo; it comes from several sources at once (bathtub, shower, sinks, toilets). If you incorrectly calculate the water flow and exceed the drain volume, this will affect the quality of water purification.
Second: Frequency of use
Aeration units such as “Unilos”, “Topas”, “Astra”, “Bioxi” are perfect for year-round operation. If the flow of wastewater stops, the activity of microorganisms slows down.
In order to use a septic tank occasionally, it is necessary to introduce additional food into the sewer system, most often it is semolina, pet food, or kefir. After receiving feeding, the activated sludge biocenosis is restored, and the septic tank operates as usual.
Third: method of drainage
There are usually three methods for removing waste:
- Into the ground - this method suitable if the soil consists of sand or is sandy loam. The waste flows into a filter well with a crushed stone or gravel bed at the bottom,
- In the “storm water” - this method is suitable if the degree of filtration is close to 98%, since you may receive a fine for water pollution. The method is appropriate if your site has soil that does not absorb water well, for example, clay, or if your groundwater level is excessively high,
- Into an intermediate well - this method is suitable for several houses sharing one station. This well is built of concrete, and water does not leave it; it is discharged onto the terrain using a drainage pump.
Discharging water into a common ditch is prohibited due to the fact that aeration stations cannot completely destroy helminth eggs. Therefore, there is a risk of infecting other residents with intestinal diseases.
Fourth: The depth to which the soil freezes in winter
You can find out how much the soil freezes in your area by focusing on SNiP 23-01-99. For example, in the Moscow region the soil freezes to 1.4 m.
That is, if you plan to use a septic tank in winter, you need to lay it below the freezing point, otherwise you risk an accident.
Fifth: Station cost
The Topas and Astra brands are similar and have approximately the same price tag. The differences between them relate to the design features (Topas has one compressor, and Astra has two), the number of modifications in the depth of the underwater pipe, and the material of the casing. Bioxi stations provide the ability to process a larger volume of wastewater with the same number of users. Therefore, the price tag for products of this brand is slightly higher. The best option for a private home.
There is also a company called Tver on the market, which offers a combined type of treatment systems. These septic tanks have a chamber for anaerobic processes. In fact, it is a complex of a septic tank and an aeration plant. These systems are ideal for occasional use, but are more expensive.
How do sewage treatment plants work?
The compressor supplies small air bubbles to the aeration tanks, through which oxidation occurs. Then the wastewater is pumped into a biofilter or aeration tank, and the remaining organic matter is destroyed there. If you have an aeration tank, then a mixture of water and sludge is sent to a secondary settling tank, where the runoff is separated into water and sludge, and bacteria process organic matter. Aerobic bacteria are used here. The biofilter, in turn, uses anaerobic bacteria that can exist in an oxygen-free environment, therefore, there is no need for oxygen to enter the chamber. Purified water is either removed by gravity or using special mechanisms, leaving the sludge behind.
Overview of installations on the market
Let's look at the most popular settings.
Topas station
Domestic production, one of the first in Russia.
His work is based on the combination of biological treatment with fine bubble aeration (artificial air supply) for more efficient and rapid oxidation of the constituents of domestic wastewater. Biological treatment is the biochemical destruction of organic substances by microorganisms (bacteria). In this type of installation, aerobic bacteria are used, due to which the processes of biochemical destruction of organic substances occur.
Septic tanks from this company have a large number of modifications:
- Based on the number of people living, modifications have been developed for four, five, six, eight, nine, ten or more people who live in a private house, country house, cottage,
- Modifications that take into account the depth of the pipe that carries wastewater out of the house,
- Septic tank models may have one or two compressors,
- Septic tank models may have a drainage pump,
- In addition to home modifications, the company has developed septic tanks for a holiday village, tourist center, and holiday community with a capacity for fifty, seventy, one hundred, one hundred and fifty residents.
You can confidently choose products from this brand, since this is one of the most thoughtful companies that has many options, and the company’s consultants will select the option that is suitable for you, taking into account the characteristics of your site and your needs.
TO positive aspects The use of the autonomous wastewater treatment plant “Topas” includes:
- Wide product line, you can choose a model based on the number of people living, modifications have been developed for areas with high groundwater levels, as well as a number of other interesting solutions,
- Increased strength of the product, squeezing the station by soil is excluded, extrusion is also impossible,
- Very easy to use, easy to manage on your own, and there is no need to spend money on maintenance,
- The station operates silently
- A very high degree of water purification, which allows water to be discharged into reservoirs or into drains.
Among the disadvantages of Topas brand stations are:
Choosing a septic tank for a private home
The article discusses general approaches to choosing a septic tank for a private home and cottage, and also provides an overview of the Topas, Tank and Unilos models.
One of the most important issues when arranging a country house or cottage is the availability of communications. As a rule, the least problems arise with water and electricity supply, but the presence of a centralized sewerage system in the private sector is rare. To install an autonomous sewer system, the main thing is to buy a septic tank with suitable parameters.
The article provides an overview of the most best models septic tanks: both autonomous and energy-dependent. In both cases, the wastewater goes through several stages of purification:
- mechanical sedimentation of solid particles;
- filtration;
- bioremediation.
Energy-independent models use anaerobic microorganisms that do not require an influx of oxygen, but act rather slowly. Biofiltration of waste in energy-dependent models occurs with the help of aerobic bacteria, which are more active and require the use of aerators. However, the level of purification in such septic tanks is close to 100%. When choosing the TOP best models for the rating, the following parameters were taken into account:
- user reviews;
- expert opinion;
- tank capacity;
- daily productivity. For 1 person per day there is a volume of waste water equal to approximately 150-200 liters;
- dimensions of the plot. To install an autonomous septic tank, large areas are needed, since it is necessary additional field ground filtration;
- availability of electricity;
- ground water level. If it is too high, then some additional engineering solutions may be required;
- type of soil. If the soil is hard, then it is advisable to give preference to a horizontally oriented septic tank, since it will require a shallower pit;
- manufacturing company;
- price category.
How to choose a septic tank for your home and garden
A septic tank is a container made of waterproof durable material. There are designs with simple and complex structure. The first are sealed tanks used to accumulate wastewater. The latter are divided into several sections. Wastewater passing through the system is filtered in several stages:
- process of settling wastewater. The first compartment serves as a sump. Water enters it directly from the sewer. In this compartment, solid particles settle to the bottom;
- filtration using anaerobic microorganisms. Water enters the second compartment by gravity or using a pump. Waste is processed, turning into gas fractions and sludge. In this case, the water becomes clarified;
- final cleaning in the filtration well. Passing through the perforated walls and drainage layer, water is absorbed into the soil.
Compared to a conventional cesspool, a septic tank has the following advantages:
- wastewater is purified in a natural biological way, and soil pollution does not occur;
- long service life;
- insulation of unpleasant odors;
- no need to frequently use the services of vacuum cleaners.
Depending on the orientation of the tank in space, horizontal and vertical septic tanks are distinguished. Horizontal designs used in areas with high groundwater. The pit will need to be relatively shallow, but such a system will take large area. Vertical tank outwardly resembles a barrel equipped with a hatch. The pit will need to be quite deep, but the installation area will be much smaller.
Depending on the placement of the chambers, septic tanks can be surface or underground. The former require a minimum of time and expense for installation. This option is acceptable for small volumes of wastewater. Underground system consists of several chambers and is able to cope with heavy loads. Such septic tanks are used in the construction of autonomous sewers both in country houses and in private houses with permanent residence.
Let's look at the main types of devices.
Cumulative
This option is the simplest. A septic tank is a durable, sealed tank for storing wastewater. After the container is filled, the wastewater is removed using sewage disposal equipment. The waste is then disposed of. Capacity storage tank varies between 1-40 m3. Convenient models are equipped with special sensors that indicate filling. Stiffening ribs make the structure more reliable and durable. The scope of application of storage tanks is summer cottages with seasonal residence or small private houses with a small volume of wastewater.
Advantages:
- ease of use and installation;
- environmental safety (the soil is not polluted);
- long service life - from 30 years.
There are also weaknesses:
- the need for periodic cleaning with sewage disposal equipment;
- wastewater is not treated;
- You need to make sure that the wastewater does not freeze inside the storage tank.
With soil filtration
The peculiarity of such a system is that wastewater not only accumulates, but is also filtered. The purified liquid is disposed of in the soil. It is also impossible to do without the services of vacuum cleaners to avoid caking of solid particles. However, the frequency of pumping out sludge is significantly less frequent than for a conventional storage tank (approximately once every 3 years). The degree of purification is 65-85%. The installations are recommended for private houses with regular use of water supply and permanent residence of people.
Advantages:
- energy independence;
- efficiency;
- good cleaning.
- limited scope of application (septic tanks cannot be used on clay soils and areas with high groundwater);
- complexity of installation;
- high price.
With bio-treatment
This option is for those who care about the cleanliness of the soil and groundwater. It is recommended to install such treatment plants for significant volumes of average daily wastewater (for example, for servicing a large house or cottage). The water purified by the biological station can be used to water plants.
Advantages:
- high (up to 98%) degree of water purification. This makes it possible to reuse wastewater or discharge it into a reservoir without harming the environment;
- sludge accumulation is slow, so you have to contact the sewage disposal service once every 7-8 years;
- wide scope of application. The system can be installed on any soil and to filter any wastewater (bathhouse, toilet, etc.).
Disadvantages - high cost and dependence on electricity supply.
Criterias of choice
Despite the variety of models on the market, there are several basic criteria for choosing the right type of septic tank.
First of all, it is important to correctly calculate the volume of the tank. Insufficient capacity of the septic tank is fraught with malfunctions in the sewerage system, while excess capacity can lead to costs associated with the installation and purchase of the system. The approximate capacity of a tank for a septic tank of 2-3 compartments is:
- 2-3 people - up to 2 m3;
- 4-5 people - 4 m3;
- 6-7 people - 6 m3;
Type of septic tank, number of compartments
The number of septic tank chambers is 2, 3 or 4. Before buying this or that model, you need to carefully study everything performance characteristics and reviews to choose the best option.
Type of cleaning
If wastewater is poorly treated, it poses a threat to the environment. Owners may have problems with sanitation services. When choosing, you need to consider the following:
- distance from groundwater to the filter device - from 1.0-2.0 m;
- If the soil does not absorb well, it is advisable to use special biofilters.
Materials for making containers
The most common materials for making septic tanks are metal and plastic.
Metal
Recently, polymer products are replacing metal ones. The reason is that metal, even with a special coating, is susceptible to corrosion. The service life of such a product is no more than 20 years. In addition to corrosion protection, prerequisite is thermal insulation. Metal has high thermal conductivity, so there is a risk of water freezing, even if the tank is located below the freezing level of the soil. All this requires additional time and money. Despite all the shortcomings, metal products have not yet completely lost their position. First of all, because of the low cost and simplicity of design.
Plastic
Products made of polyethylene and polypropylene are much more common. The latter option is more resistant to wear, but costs more. Let's consider the main properties of polymer materials:
- polyethylene (HDPE). Structures made from it are lightweight and relatively cheap. Wastewater tanks are manufactured using rotational molding technology. The result is a seamless, completely sealed structure. However, there is a limitation on the maximum wastewater temperature;
- polypropylene products are more resistant to abrasion compared to PE. The material is resistant to high and low temperatures. Polypropylene septic tanks can be used to filter hot wastewater;
- Fiberglass is considered the most wear-resistant - a material made from polymer resins with the addition of fiberglass. It is resistant to chemically aggressive organic matter, which is why such products are often used for wastewater treatment in industrial enterprises. However, the cost of fiberglass products is the highest (all other things being equal).
All modern models of septic tanks made of plastic are designed to operate for 50 years or more. General disadvantage polymer products - the risk of “floating” to the surface. Therefore, issues related to the fixation of the product must be carefully considered.
Choosing a septic tank for a private or country house - video:
The best budget septic tanks for a summer residence
The Dochista septic tank from the Classic line, equipped with a pump, is a container with 3 working zones and a compartment to accommodate the pump. It is advisable to buy this model if the groundwater level is higher than 1 m and you are at the dacha only on weekends. First, the wastewater enters the sump. Here solid fractions settle to the bottom. After primary clarification, the water enters the second compartment, where it is exposed to anaerobic microorganisms. The wastewater is thus purified up to 65%. Further purification occurs in the ground. The output degree of water purification is 98%.
Advantages:
- attractive price;
- no need for constant maintenance;
- long (up to 100 years) working life;
- radial shape. The system is not only durable, but also successfully resists being pushed out of the ground;
- body made using rotational molding technology. The reservoir turned out to be completely seamless. The risk of leaks and breakdowns is close to zero;
- low power consumption. No more than 28 kW comes out per month.
When assembling the structure, a Japanese-made processor is used. The official warranty period from the manufacturer is 3 years. The septic tank has no obvious disadvantages.
Budget autonomous septic tank for a summer house or a small private house. Tank capacity (total 1 m3), weight 65 kg. Due to the lightweight nature of the system, it is very easy to install. Daily productivity does not exceed 200 liters, so the system is designed for no more than 2 users. The septic tank does its job perfectly. Pumping is required once every 6-12 months, provided that all connections are in good working order. The price is quite reasonable.
Advantages:
- lightweight, completely sealed plastic housing;
- strength (the structure is reinforced with stiffeners);
- complete isolation of unpleasant odors;
- small but stable performance;
- no need for frequent maintenance;
- low cost.
Cons: given the low price, there are simply none.
A vertical mini-septic tank is designed for no more than 2 people. The level of wastewater treatment is approximately 85%. The design is lightweight (80 kg), easily transported and installed. This septic tank is perfect for a country house or a separate bathhouse. The body configuration is designed so that the septic tank can withstand significant loads. The wall thickness is 20 mm. During installation, experts recommend sprinkling the tank with sand cement. This measure helps to increase the service life of the container. The only drawback- the impossibility of using a septic tank in areas with high groundwater levels.
The purpose of a septic tank is to purify domestic wastewater from a dacha, private house, cafe, etc. in the absence of a centralized sewerage system. At the same time, soil purification is mandatory. The tank is divided into 3 compartments. In the first of them, insoluble fractions settle to the bottom, and the fat floats to the surface, forming a film on the surface. Primary water purification with anaerobic bacteria is also carried out here. In the second and third compartments, more subtle cleaning and clarification of wastewater is carried out. Next, the water flows to the filtration well, filtration field or trench.
System maintenance is as follows:
- removal of sediment from the chambers of the septic tank using special sewage disposal equipment - once a year;
- checking the serviceability of the pump;
- Drainage replacement - once every 10 years.
Advantages:
- high level of system strength and reliability;
- ease of installation due to ergonomics and small size of the structure;
- environmental cleanliness;
- working life 40-50 years.
No deficiencies found.
Septic tanks of the Optimum line are used for autonomous sewerage in areas with low groundwater levels. This model with ground treatment is intended for servicing a house with a constant number of residents of 1-2 people. The daily productivity of the device is 250 m 3, the tank capacity is 750 l. Purified water is discharged by gravity. The tank weighs only 27 kg, so installation will not be difficult.
Advantages:
- low price;
- ease of transportation and installation of the container;
- small weight;
- reliability;
- safety;
- ease of maintenance (it is enough to clean the septic tank once a year, preventing it from silting);
- long service life - about 40 years.
This budget model- the best solution when the plot and house are small, the owners come to the dacha for a short time and there is no point in purchasing something expensive and large-scale. All DKS products are manufactured in accordance with international standards, which is confirmed by certification documentation.
There are also a number of disadvantages:
- availability of requirements for the installation location;
- installation cannot be called complicated, but it requires care and adherence to instructions;
- thin tank walls. If the soil is prone to movement, the body may be crushed;
- impossibility of increasing the tank capacity.
The best autonomous septic tanks
This system uses an anaerobic wastewater clarification technique. The daily productivity is 1.2 m3. Degree of purification - 85%. This makes it possible to minimize the area for final ground filtration. This septic tank is enough to service a house in which 6 people permanently live. The tank is washed out of sediment once a year.
According to reviews from most owners, the septic tank has a number of advantages:
- full compliance with performance characteristics;
- practicality;
- reliability;
- Possibility of both year-round and seasonal use. In the latter case, the septic tank is preserved for the winter and then put into operation again.
Cons: difficult to install.
Septic tanks of the Triton ED brand are autonomous 2-chamber structures. The wastewater is treated in the reservoir and then discharged into the ground, infiltrator or drainage well. The septic tank is made of polyethylene and has a cast construction. The material is resistant to mechanical stress, corrosion, and low temperatures; the system can be operated even in 30-degree frost. The service life declared by the manufacturing company is 50 years. This model is suitable for a small private house; less capacious tanks from this line are used when arranging storm drains or as a temporary option for the period of construction work.
The system produces biological wastewater treatment. In the first chamber, wastewater is separated into light and heavy fractions. In the second chamber, the water is finally purified and then discharged to an absorbent platform. To increase the cleaning efficiency, it is recommended to additionally equip the septic tank with an infiltrator. Solid fractions are pumped out once a year to prevent compaction. For critical filling cases, the container is equipped with an overflow pipe.
Advantages:
- low cost;
- complete tightness;
- resistance to aggressive environments.
Disadvantage: insufficiently high efficiency of wastewater treatment.
Uponor Sako - completely autonomous gravity and biological wastewater treatment systems. Various modifications of the Uponor are divided into 2, 3 or 4 sections. The overflow between the compartments is made in the center. In the first chamber, solid particles, both large and fine, are settled. Fatty compounds float on the surface of the water, forming a film. Most organic matter is utilized by bacteria. Removal of insoluble fractions is carried out using the sewage method. Water passes through the tank compartments, the distribution well and perforated pipes, then through the backfill into the ground.
The material used to make the tank is high-strength plastic. Anchors fastened in pairs with a cable are used as weighting agents. Reliable fixation of the structure allows it to withstand even a significant rise in groundwater levels. In addition to the tank, the kit includes:
- distribution well;
- manhole covers;
- plugs;
- filtration materials.
Depending on the capacity, the following types of Uponor septic tanks are distinguished:
- 1500 l - a system designed to purify water after washing dishes, washing or washing clothes. This septic tank cannot be used for fecal waste;
- 2000 l - can be used for wastewater treatment for permanent or seasonal residence in a family home of 5-6 people;
- 3000 l - septic tank for wastewater treatment in a house with up to 8 people living;
- 4000 l - Ononor Sako water treatment system with increased productivity. Can be used to treat sewage water from 2 houses.
Advantages of the Uponor system:
- spherical shape. This makes the tank more resistant to soil and water pressure;
- good cleaning quality;
- high-strength manufacturing materials;
- long service life.
- high price;
- the need for insulation of individual models;
- high energy intensity;
- expensive maintenance.
A worthy representative of the line of non-volatile septic tanks from Triton Plastic. The main distinguishing feature of the design is its extreme simplicity. The septic tank has only 2 chambers. In the first, rough primary wastewater treatment is carried out. The second compartment is intended for biological treatment. At the same time, the daily cleaning volume is up to 600 liters. The model has all the advantages typical of more expensive equipment. The reservoir is horizontal. For greater strength, it has stiffening ribs. The one-piece construction ensures complete tightness and reduces the risk of groundwater penetration inside to zero.
Compact dimensions allow you to use a septic tank in the country. It is designed for 2-3 people. The degree of purification is 75-80%. For this reason, experts recommend using the device together with a special infiltrator for finer purification.
Advantages:
- compactness;
- ease of installation;
- reliability in operation;
- frequency of maintenance (cleaning of sediment) - once every few years.
No obvious disadvantages were found.
The Ecopan brand septic tank is designed specifically for use on problem soils. The unique 2-layer design with numerous internal partitions is characterized by increased strength. The tank is divided into 6 sections, in which solid particles settle and water is clarified aerobically. Removal of wastewater from the last section is carried out using a pump or by gravity. The resulting water can be used to water crops. The septic tank material is resistant to corrosion. The working life of the structure exceeds 50 years.
- effective cleaning in several stages;
- long service life;
- Possibility of use on problematic soils.
Cons: difficult to install.
The best volatile septic tanks
Economical energy-dependent septic tank from Russian manufacturers. According to the owners, this is an ideal device for a small country house. For a dacha, this option is not the best due to the complexity of installation. The structure weighs almost 350 kg. The septic tank is equipped with special filters, thanks to which it does not need to be cleaned. It perfectly eliminates unpleasant “odors”, and the daily filtration volume is up to 1.5 m3. Energy consumption for the period of the same name is about 1.5 kW. This is quite noticeable, but less than that of competing models.
Advantages:
- low energy consumption when compared with analogues;
- high filtration efficiency;
- ease of operation and maintenance;
- durable, reliable body.
No cons found.
One of the most popular modifications presented on the domestic market, completely devoid of any weak points. As water passes through the system, it undergoes fine filtration. The influence of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms allows achieving almost one hundred percent purification. The volume of wastewater processed in 1 day is about 1 m3. The drain inlet can be placed at a distance of 60-120 cm from ground level. This approach greatly simplifies the installation of the tank.
Advantages:
- high cleaning efficiency;
- durable body;
- high productivity - up to a cubic meter per day.
Spacious, energy-dependent design, ideal for a large private home. The weight of the structure is 380 kg, but this is the only difficulty that arises with its installation. The septic tank is divided into 4 compartments, 2 of which are equipped with aerators. After the wastewater enters the receiving chamber (the volume of a single injection is up to 450 l), the solid waste decomposes under the influence of aeration.
A separate compartment is reserved for control elements. A compressor is located here, designed to pump wastewater through the system. Energy consumption per day is about 2.8 kW. This may not be much, but over a long period of time it adds up to quite a significant amount.
Advantages:
- effective wastewater filtration;
- active process of wastewater aeration;
- high productivity (1.8-2.0 m 3 of wastewater per day);
- tank capacity - 6 m3.
- high energy consumption;
- high price.
A treatment station, the body of which is made using rotational molding technology. The result is a sealed, seamless tank with uniform wall thickness. The septic tank is equipped with German pumps and Japanese-made compressors, which ensures stable operation of the system. When the power supply is turned off, the structure continues to operate normally for 48 hours. After this, it switches to the mode of an autonomous septic tank equipped with an anaerobic filter.
According to users, the main advantage of this modification is the optimal combination of reasonable cost and good quality. The daily capacity of the system is 800 liters, and the energy consumption for this period is 1.5 kW. This is enough to provide constant drainage for a family of 4 people. A gravity-flow version or installation with forced discharge of drainage is possible. The latter option is used for areas with high groundwater levels.
In order to achieve the best wastewater treatment, it is logical to combine biofilters with aeration. This is exactly the approach used in the development of Tver brand septic tanks. From the primary settling tank, the liquid flows to the anaerobic filter-bioreactor. Next, the wastewater is sent to the aerator. Final stage cleaning, after the aerator, is an aerobic type reactor. The effluent is lifted from the tertiary settling tank by means of an airlift.
Filters require maintenance no more than once a year. Access to them is extremely simple: just open the rectangular lid to open all the compartments at once. The energy consumption of the aerator compressor is quite small (only 38 W). The device is durable and very well built. The official warranty period from the manufacturer is 12 months.
The system is not without a rather serious drawback - low productivity (only 500 liters per day). If we take 200 liters of water consumption per person as a basis, then the system’s performance will be enough, as in the famous Soviet cartoon, for “2.5 diggers”). Of course, in reality, a septic tank will serve a small family without any problems, but the capacity of a biological or aeration device will be greater for the same money. This is considering that the system does not have a drain pump. If you equip a septic tank with it, the design will cost even more.
Advantages:
- excellent cleaning quality (up to 98%). This allows you to save on ground filters;
- good aerator compressor;
- long working life. The service life declared by the manufacturer is 50 years;
- good quality materials and equipment. The body is solid cast, made of high-strength polymer, and the compressor is made in Japan.
Among the disadvantages, buyers indicate the following: the need for annual maintenance and the relatively high cost.
Any a private house needs sewerage, but connection to the central sewer collector is not always possible. Therefore, the only solution is to build or install a septic tank (treatment station), which decomposes sewage and fecal matter into almost clean water and harmless sludge. In this article we will talk about the operating principles of various treatment plants, we will give a rating of the most popular and effective models, and also tell you how to determine best septic tank for home or cottage. We present our 2017 rating.
The principle of operation of a modern septic tank
All modern septic tanks work on the same principle - bacteria multiply in the primary chamber, which process any organic matter into sludge that settles to the bottom. This process occurs with a minimum amount of oxygen, just like in a swamp, where any organic matter quickly decomposes. Partially purified water enters the second chamber, where the whole process is repeated, but with a larger amount of oxygen. Then the water enters the third chamber, where final purification occurs - the last remnants of organic matter turn into sludge and settle to the bottom, and process water comes out of the chamber, suitable for watering the garden or discharging into the river. Some septic tanks consist of only two chambers, so the degree of wastewater treatment in them is lower.
Sometimes septic tanks are equipped various devices, increasing the cleaning efficiency, for example, aerators, which fill the contents of the chamber with air bubbles, due to which the decomposition processes are sharply activated. Also, some septic tanks are equipped with a pump that supplies purified water to the top, so that it is used for watering the garden.
Main characteristics
Here is a list of the main characteristics of septic tanks that must be taken into account when choosing them:
- productivity per day;
- salvo release;
- dimensions;
- price;
- power supply
Productivity shows how much wastewater a septic tank can process per day. By waste we mean any liquid substances water coming out of a home's sewer system, including washing machine drains or bath water. It is generally accepted that a person consumes an average of 200 liters of water per day, so the performance of a septic tank is determined based on the standard and the maximum number of residents. However, in dachas where the water supply is not very good, the consumption is much less, up to 10–15 liters per person.
The term salvo discharge refers to the maximum amount of water that can enter the sewer after some action, for example, draining a bathtub or washing machine. If the actual volley discharge exceeds that provided for by the design of the septic tank, then some of the poorly treated sewage will escape.
Another important parameter is the size, because the septic tank has to be placed underground and the larger it is, the greater the volume of excavation work. The weight of the unit determines how much effort is required for its delivery and installation. Lightweight plastic models can even be carried on the roof rack of a car and loaded/unloaded by two people. Heavy models will require a truck with a crane to be delivered, and installation may require a full crane.
Cost is often a deciding factor, so you often have to choose the best from the worst. Another important characteristic is power supply, because the operating efficiency of volatile units is almost half as high. Non-volatile devices, even those consisting of three chambers, cannot completely remove odor from water, so it must be drained into a drainage pit or drainage fields. In addition, every 15–20 years, the sand or crushed stone from these fields must be completely replaced, because it is all saturated with unpleasant-smelling silt. If you do not change the sand or crushed stone, then within a radius of 20–40 meters from the drainage pit or drainage fields, a faint smell of sewage will be felt.
List of the best 2017 with prices
Since the efficiency of a treatment plant directly depends on its type and partly on the model, we divided all units into volatile and non-volatile. After all, both of them find their buyer and it is incorrect to compare their characteristics. Therefore, the comparison will be only within its class. In addition, not all devices include models with large salvo discharge or high productivity, so all small treatment stations are also placed in a separate class.
Energy dependent
- Tver;
- Leader;
- Topas.
Tver- This is a whole range of devices that differ in size and performance, but are designed the same inside. They consist of six horizontal chambers connected by overflow holes. Several chambers are equipped with plastic brushes that break large organic fragments into small pieces and facilitate their decomposition. The efficiency of water purification is 95–98%; replaceable floats with chlorine reagents are installed in the last chamber, which disinfect the outlet water. The body is made of durable polymers (polypropylene), therefore it is lightweight and extremely durable.
The smallest unit, Tver-0.35, has a capacity of 0.35 cubic meters per day and is capable of withstanding a salvo discharge of 110 liters of water. On the official website of the manufacturer, the cost of a Tver septic tank of this model is 65 thousand rubles. This septic tank is ideal for a summer residence due to its low price and dimensions. The more productive model Tver-0.75NPNM provides a capacity of 0.75 cubic meters per day, and can also withstand a salvo discharge of 225 liters of water. This model is equipped with two pumps, one of which supplies purified water to the discharge point, and the other supplies sewage, so this device can operate even when located above the level of the in-house sewer system. Price of this model 120 thousand rubles and, it is well suited for a small home. The line of Tver treatment stations also includes more powerful devices, the productivity of which reaches 3 cubic meters per day, and the salvo discharge is 1800 liters. The cost of such a powerful unit 350 thousand rubles and, it is well suited for multi-apartment cottages or small dormitories where up to 30 people live.
Leader- This is a family of treatment plants made according to a six-chamber design and differing in size, price and performance. Plastic brushes located in two chambers crush large organic matter, improving its decomposition, and the airlift collects sediment from all chambers and pumps it into the receiver, from where the sludge must be removed every year. Housing made of polyethylene low pressure, therefore it is lightweight and has good strength. Cost of the smallest septic tank Leader (model 0.4) on the official website is 76 thousand rubles. This device provides a capacity of up to 0.5 cubic meters per day and is capable of withstanding a salvo discharge of 400 liters. Therefore, the Leader-0.4 treatment system is well suited for dachas and small houses where no more than two people live. The largest and most productive model Leader-3N costs 200 thousand rubles and provides a capacity of up to 3 cubic meters per day, and a salvo discharge reaches 3 thousand liters of water. By special order, the Leader company can produce more powerful septic tanks of this type.
Topas is a treatment station built according to a four-chamber design. The transition of purified water from one chamber to another occurs not by gravity, but by airlift, so the operation of the entire system depends on electricity. Stopping the power supply blocks the operation of the septic tank, which is a very significant disadvantage that outweighs the very deep treatment of wastewater (almost 98%). Depending on the model, purified water can be discharged either by gravity or using a built-in pump. The smallest model of the Topas-4 septic tank processes up to 0.8 cubic meters of sewage per day and can withstand a burst discharge of 175 liters. The cost of the model is 73 thousand rubles. On the official website of the manufacturer, the price of the most expensive septic tank Topas-150 is 920 thousand rubles. This station purifies up to 24 cubic meters of wastewater per day and can withstand a salvo discharge of 4.5 thousand liters.
Non-volatile
- Tank;
Tank is a family of treatment plants operating on the same principle and arranged in a modular design. – a basic two-chamber unit that provides relatively good sewage treatment. The cleaning efficiency is increased by adding special reagents that improve the functioning of bacteria and increase their number. Connecting several blocks increases the cleaning efficiency, which reaches 75%, but if you use reagents, then even the base unit is capable of cleaning sewage by 75–80%. Tank-1 is capable of processing up to 600 liters per day, and the salvo discharge is 110 liters. The cost of the Tank-1 septic tank on the official website is 28 thousand rubles and it is well suited for a house or cottage where no more than three people live. Septic tank Tank-2 It is built using a three-chamber design, so it cleans wastewater better than the previous model.
However, without the use of reagents, it is not able to compete with energy-dependent devices. Models 2, 2.5 and 3 are made according to the same scheme, therefore they provide a cleaning quality of 80%. The use of reagents raises this parameter to 85–90%. On the official website of the manufacturer, the price for Tank septic tanks of these models is 33–45 thousand rubles. They provide a capacity of 800 to 1200 liters per day, and a salvo discharge is 150–200 liters. The most powerful and efficient model Tank-4, consists of three basic blocks and, even without the use of reagents, provides a filtration efficiency of 85 percent. The productivity of this model is 1.8 cubic meters per day, the salvo discharge is 300 liters, and the cost 59 thousand rubles.
is a small three-chamber device that provides cleaning efficiency of 75–80%. The advantage of cleaning stations of this type is their light weight and affordable price. The productivity of the Triton septic tank depends on the model and is 0.5–15 cubic meters per day, a salvo discharge of 100–1000 liters, and the price on the official website is from 24,5 before 630 thousand rubles. The design of the device allows the installation of drainage pumps, and the use of special reagents increases the cleaning efficiency to 90%.
DKS- These are treatment stations made according to a three-chamber scheme. All movement of sewage masses occurs by gravity, so a DKS septic tank intended for a home or cottage does not require electricity. You can increase cleaning efficiency and reduce the depth required to ensure proper slope by installing sump pumps, which are not included in the package. The smallest model DKS-10 weighs 27 kilograms and processes up to 200 liters per day, with a salvo discharge of 70 liters. Is this model worth it? 22 thousand rubles y.
Due to its light weight and price, the DKS septic tank is well suited for a summer house or a house where one person lives. The model range of DKS treatment stations includes devices of various capacities and prices. The most powerful and expensive septic tank DKS-25 processes up to 750 liters per day and can withstand a salvo discharge of 250 liters, as stated on the company’s official website. The cost of this model 44 thousand rubles. Some DKS septic tanks support direct connection of a drainage pump; it will have to be adapted to other devices in this series, which will require a separate storage tank.
Small septic tanks
- Microbe;
is a small-sized device operating on the principle cesspool. Sewage flows into a single chamber, where organic fragments either go to the bottom or remain on the surface, and relatively purified water from the middle part of the chamber goes to the infiltrate, from where it enters the ground. The cost of the Triton Micro septic tank on the official website is 9 thousand rubles, capacity up to 150 liters per day, and salvo discharge no more than 20 liters.
Microbe is a series of primitive treatment devices operating on the principle of a one- or two-chamber septic tank. The most popular model is 450, which is a single-chamber device that provides a minimum level of wastewater treatment. On the official website the price of the Microbe 450 septic tank is 12400 rubles, and the productivity is stated at 150 liters per day. There is no information about the size of the salvo release.
Conclusion
We talked about the operation of cleaning devices and the main parameters that influence their choice. Therefore, now you know that the answer to the question - which septic tank is better for a home or cottage depends on many conditions. It is also impossible to say unequivocally what is better – a volatile or non-volatile septic tank, because most often the choice has to be made based on price. Because not everyone can spend 60 thousand or more on a good energy-dependent unit (even if it does not match the performance), while a very good energy-independent septic tank will cost 20-40 thousand rubles.
