What is plaster, why is it needed and what types are there? These questions are of interest to every person who has decided to do not just ordinary repairs, but good, professionally performed repairs!
After the walls, partitions and roof have been erected, it’s time to start finishing work. Classic option finishing the walls is covering them with plaster.
Despite the emergence of many new materials, plastering the ceiling and walls remains the most popular way of interior decoration. His an indisputable advantage consider the minimum thickness and durability of the coating, which is often important criterion in the requirements for the finishing method.
A building with high-quality plaster and paint always looks fresh and modern, and its varied textures allow you to recreate any style in the room.
What types of plaster are there? Let's try to figure it out in this article.
This type of work includes finishing the walls using ready-made plasterboard sheets - “dry” plaster, applying mixtures to the walls - “wet” or monolithic plaster.
Classification
Dry
Factory-made plasterboard sheets are used exclusively for cladding indoor walls. The dimensions and operational characteristics of the material make it possible to carry out work in a short time while obtaining a high-quality final result.
For installation, a galvanized profile is used, which is leveled and fixed to the walls using special brackets.
When placing the profile, take into account the dimensions of the sheets. The drywall is attached to the profile using self-tapping screws. The joints and fastenings are leveled using putty and then cleaned. For final leveling, abrasive meshes of different grain sizes are used.
Advantages:
- Speed of work completion. The efficiency with which the result is achieved is associated with ease of installation and the absence of “wet” processes.
- Tolerance to the qualifications of the performer. Relative ease of installation and quality modern materials allow you to avoid the cost of highly paid specialists.
- Possibility of constructing partitions and multi-level surfaces. The design of profiles and fastenings of plasterboard sheets provides for installation internal partitions without walls.
Flaws:
- Exposure to weather conditions.
- In some cases, insufficient strength.
Monolithic
Work on applying plaster mortar to walls for the purpose of leveling or giving a certain color or textures are called monolithic plaster. The result of such work is a layer resistant to mechanical and atmospheric influences.
Main advantages:
- versatility
- durability
- minimum occupied space
Flaws:
- weighting of the structure
- extended time due to the need to dry each layer
- price
Varieties of wet plaster include ordinary plaster and decorative plaster.
Ordinary plaster is a smooth leveling layer. The main purpose is to prepare walls for further painting or wallpapering.
To give the walls a look that matches the overall design of the building, use special kind monolithic decorative plaster.
The main types of decorative plaster are divided according to the composition of the plaster mixture and the appearance of the resulting facing coating.
The main element of the mixture is the binder.
- Lime-based - a traditional time-tested material. The solution is prepared by mixing lime milk and coarse river sand. Ready-made dry mixtures on the market also contain synthetic fibers used for reinforcement.
- On acrylic base They are distinguished by exceptional adhesion and elasticity, resistant to atmospheric influences. Compositions in this category are indispensable when applied to old paintwork.
- Polymer-cement based - these are non-flammable “breathing” plasters, modified by the addition of polymers that increase mechanical properties plaster layer.
- Based on silicone resins, they have increased resistance to mechanical and aggressive atmospheric influences and are not subject to rotting.
Colored decorative
The photo shows colored decorative plaster
Colored plasters contain an acrylic-based binder, quartz sand and dye. In most cases, they are presented in the form of ready-to-use plastic mixtures.
A smooth color mixture is used when decorating door and doors with your own hands. window openings, internal surfaces of walls and ceilings.
For building facades colored plaster used in combination with various technologies that produce various effects. The most common and favorite were “bark beetle” and “pebble”.
Stone
Creating a stone “decoration” begins with marking stone rows on a prepared wall.
Using a marking cord, the location of the seams is indicated. The next step is to apply the selected type of plaster coating.
After the mixture has set, it is cut into stones. Having fixed the rule according to the marks, using a cycle, another plastic solution is removed to a depth of no more than a third of the layer thickness.
When preparing the solution, granite or marble chips are chosen as the main filler. The stone mixture is used to finish the structural elements of buildings - foundations, corners and columns.
Terrasite
Terrasite plaster mixture is used when cladding facades to imitate rock materials.
Taking into account its density and weight, the surface is prepared by applying relief. On a fresh preparatory layer, a wavy grid of shallow furrows is made. Lines are performed using any suitable tool and placed horizontally in increments of 3-5 cm.
On concrete surfaces, a relief pattern is created with a hammer and chisel, and a notch is made for better adhesion of the plaster layer to the base.
Cement, slaked lime and mica are used to prepare the solution. Add quartz sand and stone chips as filler.
Application is carried out on a pre-moistened wall. The work is carried out in two stages. The spray is applied first, after 15-20 minutes they begin to apply the main decorative layer. The next step is to process the terrazite plaster by scraping. The result is a smooth, sparkling surface.
The effect of crushed stone is obtained by driving special tools into the set covering: scarpel, dowel, chisel. The process is completed by sandblasting the coating.
Sgraffito is a type of plaster in which a relief coating with a pattern or pattern is obtained.
The manufacturing technology of such a decorative coating consists of applying several multi-colored layers and then removing their parts to obtain an ornament.
Each layer is applied followed by leveling and compacting with a trowel. The number of layers may vary. To impart improved strength characteristics, 5-6 layers are used.
Next, a drawing is applied to the plastered wall. This is done using a stencil and pigment powder or chalk poured into a gauze swab. After placing the picture, they begin to sample the solution. First along the contour, then in in the right places The pattern is removed layer by layer with a cutter or scraper.
Thus, sgraffito is a counter-relief, the skillful use of which guarantees an excellent addition to the design.
Venetian or liquid marble
Venetian plaster or liquid marble (price - from 1500 rubles per 25 kg)
Venetian plaster is a material that uses marble flour and an acrylic or lime-based binder.
The secret of production is to apply many thin layers with a unique texture.
This texture of the plaster gives extraordinary visual depth and glow when light is reflected at different depths of the coating.
The multi-layer process, which includes ironing and polishing technology for each layer, requires high qualifications and expensive materials. The result of labor-intensive work will be a 5-mm cladding layer with a mother-of-pearl effect, superior in environmental friendliness and aesthetics to any decorative coating.
How to choose plaster
It is logical to assume that with all the variety of methods and materials for plastering work, the consumer has a question - which plaster is better?
There can be no clear answer. This is explained by the fact that choosing the “right” plaster can only be determined by knowing the specific operating conditions and the method of carrying out the work.
The cost factor plays an important role in the choice. Latest fashion trends They brought with them the latest materials, sometimes several times more expensive than their analogues, which were quite complete in every sense.
When creating an interior design, the issue of harmonious combination of styles and materials remains relevant. Agree, the “cool Venetian” that creates palace chic will not always be appropriate in a residential apartment. And, conversely, spacious halls and living rooms can look much more attractive with suitable wall decoration.
The answer to the question of which plaster to choose depends on the interior of the room and the effect you want to achieve.
Plastering technology
Compliance with the rules when preparing the surface and applying plaster is the key to durability and preservation of the appearance of the coating.
Instructions:
Necessary conditions for best adhesion are thorough cleaning of the wall from construction dust and dirt, as well as hydration. In cases where it is necessary to remove soot from the walls, use a 3% solution of hydrochloric acid.
For plastering wooden walls lime-gypsum mixtures are used. They are applied to reinforced shingles.
When finishing concrete panels, a preparatory layer of cement laitance is applied first. Such a liquid solution will give the surface the roughness necessary for better bonding of the base with the plaster layer.
Any plaster coating consists of several layers. The first layer serves as a leveling layer and is called a spray. The second layer is the primer, the last is the finishing coat. For ordinary plaster this is limited.
In decorative plaster there can be several finishing layers (up to 8); they are called covering. The total thickness of the layers should not exceed 20 mm. When correcting irregularities exceeding this number, cement mortars with a reinforcing mesh are used.
It should be noted that regardless of the type of plaster, the work must be performed in one step over the entire surface of the wall. Otherwise, coating defects may occur due to minor changes in color and texture.
The work is carried out from top to bottom using previously placed beacons. To apply the next layer, you must ensure that the previous one has hardened.
It is important to prevent cracks from appearing. This occurs when the layer dries quickly under conditions of high air temperature or when exposed to direct sunlight. In the hot season, they resort to periodically moistening the treated wall.
To apply the mixture to the slopes, use a trowel or spatula. Leveling is carried out using a hammer according to established rules. For working with large smooth walls use a plaster ladle and a long trowel.
Bottom line
The types of plaster are so diverse that you can carry out repairs of any complexity and bring any idea to life! All we can do is wish you good luck and offer a video in this article.
Photo gallery
The final stage of renovation of a room is the finishing of the walls. One of the most popular finishing materials is decorative plaster. Demand creates supply! Today, building materials stores offer customers a large selection of high-quality putty. So, what types of decorative plaster for walls are available?
Depending on the type of main connecting element, decorative putty is classified into several subgroups.
Mineral
The main binding component is cement. Mineral plaster is produced in the form of dry mixtures. To obtain a solution, you must mix the dry mixture with water (the appropriate proportions must be indicated on the original packaging). Using a construction mixer or a regular drill with a special nozzle, mix a solution of homogeneous consistency.
The key qualities are hypoallergenicity of the material used, moisture resistance, strength, good air circulation and low cost. Unfortunately, after some period of time, cracks and chips may occur.
Acrylic
Acrylic resin (high molecular weight polymer) is the main component of this type of putty. Due to its elasticity and strength after application, it is in great demand among repair teams. One of the key features is that acrylic plaster is sold as a ready-to-use mixture. Applied to various surfaces: concrete, aluminum, brick and wood. However, it was not without its drawbacks. During operation, it was noted that acrylic type putty is characterized by low vapor permeability, and also loses its properties and cracks under the influence of active UV rays.
Silicate
Liquid glass binds the elements. It is sold in ready-made form, which is very convenient to use. Due to unsafe for human health component composition used exclusively for decorating the appearance of building facades. It is difficult to work with silicate plaster; the mixture dries quickly.
Despite some shortcomings, it differs in the following positive qualities: no special care required, easy to clean with plain water, high degree of fire resistance, elasticity, resistance to UV rays, dust and various contaminants.
Silicone
The basis of silicone putty is synthetic resin. Ready-made mixture various colors sold in specialized construction stores. It is highly popular and is used as a material for external and interior decoration.
The mass is so easy to use, even a novice master can easily handle it. It has a good degree of elasticity and a high level of moisture resistance. The disadvantages include the cost of the product. Among all the above varieties of plaster for walls this option the most expensive.
Types of plaster by type of filler
Modern putty on a decorative basis may differ in the type of filler.
Textured
The basis of this material is dominated by mineral chips of marble and granite types, mica, small stones, wood and flax fibers. Widely used for interior decoration, as well as for decorating brick, wood and concrete walls with outside building. The key feature is the elimination of various irregularities on surfaces.
Textured finishing options have a number of advantages: high moisture resistance and breathability, beautiful and stylish design. It is possible to imitate the texture of natural leather, wood, natural stone and fabrics. The price range is designed for a buyer with an average income level.
Structural
Thin-layer material characterized by a heterogeneous granular texture. The basis is a silicate or acrylic mixture. It is characterized by high impact resistance, moisture resistance, resistance to various types of mechanical stress and temperature changes. Craftsmen consider it an excellent material for decorating corridors and bathrooms.
Also applicable for finishing external facades, country houses, gazebos, fences and gates.
Venetian
A homogeneous mixture with the addition of lime and marble chips was popular back in Ancient Rome. At first glance at a wall decorated with Venetian putty, it seems that marble and onyx were used as finishing materials. For an ideal appearance it is necessary to apply about 5-6 layers.
Each layer is applied in a thin layer. Venetian plaster requires special professionalism and experience; not every master is able to perform high-quality wall finishing with this material.
Specific types
In addition to the types of putties described above, there are many other types of plaster used for finishing internal and external surfaces. Less popular, but no less practical and unique, are the following options:
- Flock. Due to the addition of cellulose and silk fibers, the wall resembles a delicate silk fabric. It has excellent moisture resistance and sound insulation.
- Roller room. Consisting of natural materials various sizes Roller plaster gives the walls an original appearance. After complete drying, recesses in the form of interlacing channels are visible.
- African. Suitable for interior decoration in ethnic style. Visually resembles the skin of a crocodile or snake. For greater effectiveness of the result, coating with varnish, paint, glitter or wax is allowed.
Advantages of decorative plaster
Thanks to its special texture, excellent performance and a wide variety of products, decorative plaster has won the sympathy of many designers.
Key advantages include:
- leveling out unevenness;
- elimination of defects (cracks, chips, indelible stains) on the walls;
- excellent sound-absorbing characteristics;
- moisture resistance and resistance to temperature changes;
- good breathability;
- the ability to create an original and stylish design;
- resistance to mechanical stress;
- durability;
- variety of material textures.
Decorative plaster firmly occupies a leading position in the finishing materials market, thanks to its strength, reliability, unpretentiousness during operation and the aesthetics of the coating.
Next, we will introduce readers in detail to the various types of this material, give advice on where, when and what mixture is best to use, how to choose the right texture for interior design, and offer several interesting ways applying the composition, and analyze reviews of decorative plaster.
Types of decorative plasters
Decorative plaster consists of a binder, fillers (grains of stone, sand, etc.), additives that improve properties: adhesive, antiseptic, bactericidal, hydrophobic. Based on the binder, decorative plaster can be classified into:
- Mineral - cement or cement-lime base, suitable for external and internal work, has high vapor-permeable properties, lime compounds more plastic compared to cement ones.
- Polymer - based on acrylic resin, is not afraid of humidity, temperature deltas, does not fade under the influence of UV rays, is applicable for facades and rooms, thanks to additives you can create complex textures of leather, velvet, etc. Acrylic decorative plaster is not recommended for use for external work in combination with loose insulation.
- Silicate - based on liquid glass, has low elasticity, which allows the solution to be applied to surfaces made of cellular concrete. Moisture-resistant, tolerates mechanical stress well, does not contribute to the formation of fungi and mold, does not accumulate dirt, and does not swell. It is recommended to apply to walls finished with rough plaster with the addition of lime.
- Silicone - consists of silicone resins and fine filler: marble dust or fine sandstone. Suitable for facade and interior work. Durable, has an antistatic effect, does not accumulate dust.
Table of characteristics of decorative plaster
Good to know: For small rooms, for example, in the hallway, it is better to opt for a calm, fine-grained texture, without volumetric relief.
Decorative plaster, photo in the hallway, a combination of different textures helps correct the geometry of the room
According to their decorative properties, artistic plasters can be divided into several large groups:
- Venetian is the most refined of all representatives; it can be used to make coatings like marble, polished stone, silk, velvet, leather, and crinkled fabric. The finely dispersed composition is plastic; thanks to various techniques, a smooth surface and three-dimensional pattern are obtained. Venetian decorative plaster imitating marble, silk, etc. is covered with protective wax or a special varnish, which gives it the shine of a well-polished surface.
Decorative plasters for interior decoration, photo of Venetian coating in Moroccan style
- Textured decorative plaster is made on the basis of synthetic resins combined with fillers: flax fibers, cotton, glitter, metal inclusions, natural and natural crumbs artificial materials, which create an interesting pattern. You can create bas-reliefs, drawings, apply textures with different tools - like natural stone, wood. This is the largest group, differing both in composition and in decorative capabilities.
Textured plaster made using a stencil, with an original dry brush coating
- Pebble decorative plaster is a binder composition filled with stone chips. Usually sold ready-made, the mixture is heterogeneous, inclusions can have several shades. It has a decorative mosaic effect, shagreen to the touch. It is used for finishing plinths and facades of buildings; indoors it is recommended to use it accentuated, in small areas, since the material is cold. Ideal solution for bathrooms and corridors, as well as office spaces.
Pebble decorative plaster is used for exterior work much more often than for interior work, where it is used fragmentarily to highlight interior elements.
- Decorative structural plaster is a plastic, heterogeneous mass; it can be any base: mineral cement-lime, synthetic latex, filler – grains of stone, shells and sand of different fractions. Modeled thanks to inclusions, just apply even layer, and after drying, walk over it with a trowel.
Photo of decorative plaster for interior work, travertine texture - imitates concrete blocks
- Flock coating is a new word in finishing, it is applied in three stages: the base is glue, then flock particles are glued, which are protected on top with varnish. You can lay out any designs or ornaments with multi-colored chips.
We offer a master class on how to properly apply decorative plaster; the video will help you master some techniques for relief finishing.
Good to know: In bathrooms and swimming pools, it is recommended to use moisture-resistant decorative plaster, which should be additionally coated with protection. For balconies, loggias, bathrooms and corridors, mixtures for outdoor use that are resistant to difficult conditions operation.
Photo of decorative plaster in the hallway, practical solution in combination with wallpaper, the lower part of the finish is easy to care for and remove dirt
How to make decorative plaster - lessons on applying popular textures
The most popular and easiest way to apply decorative plaster is the bark beetle structure, which is formed due to the granules found in the mixture. Compositions with grains up to 1 mm are used inside the house, from 1 to 3 mm are preferable on the street or in large areas.
Bark beetle relief applied with a solution containing coarse inclusions
A solution is applied to the putty, sanded and primed wall; its thickness should be equal to the size of the inclusions. Level, after 20-30 minutes treat with a smooth trowel. The tool is moved depending on the selected texture: rain - diagonally, oak bark - up/down, travertine - in a circular motion.
Decorative plaster, photo of the bark beetle structure applied using different methods
Another simple option for applying decorative plaster is fur coat. Cement-sand mortar is used for the facades; any mineral plaster is used inside the house. External work is best done by spraying: mechanically, with a spray gun, or manually - through a mesh, spraying with a long-bristled brush. It is recommended to use fine-grained decorative plasters indoors for fur coats. The layer is evenly applied to the wall and after drying, a roller with a fine coat is passed over it; the fibers pull the solution along with them, forming a characteristic pattern.
Finishing a fur coat or lamb - simple, inexpensive, practical
The rock pattern is borrowed from the technology of applying Venetian plaster. Here the solution is applied with a trowel, using sharp, chaotic strokes, first pressing the tool firmly and easing the pressure towards the end. Venetian plaster applied in 3 or more layers, each sanded and rubbed with a trowel. The rock texture is usually applied with white decorative plaster in 2 layers, the first is the base, and the second is the texture strokes. Sharp edges are smoothed over with a damp brush. Decorated with paints. 2 shades look beautiful, a basic one, and an additional one - by washing or applying patina, this way the depth of the decor is achieved.
Decorative plaster, photo in the corridor, large relief is balanced by a pastel shade
On textured decorative plaster, patterns can be applied using a variety of rollers, a brush with stiff bristles, stencils and stamps. We will talk about the techniques in more detail in the next chapter, using photo examples.
The role of decorative plaster in the interior
Decorative plaster in the interior is a real hit of modern renovations. The variety of compositions and methods of decoration allows you to choose the right texture and color for almost any stylistic decision, from historical classics to industrial styles and high-tech design, built on high technology. Decorative plaster goes well with wood, natural and artificial stone, brick, modern plastic and 3D panels, and wallpaper. Smart combination Several materials allow you to create an exclusive, noble interior that will remain relevant for many years.
Decorative plaster for interior work, photo of fashionable craquelure texture - torn surface
Loft
In a modern loft interior, popular among young people and progressive individuals, decorative concrete-like plaster is in demand; it fits perfectly into the overall ensemble industrial style, adding zest to it. To refine the coating, it is coated with varnish on top.
Decorative plaster, photo of concrete coating, interior in loft style
Cement-sand decorative mixtures can be safely used in bathrooms and swimming pools; it is important to give them the right finish - water-repellent impregnation.
Decorative plaster, photo in the bathroom interior, concrete-like coating, additionally decorated with agglomerate
Classic
Venetian plaster comes from Italy, which can safely be called the progenitor of classical styles. Over the years, it has not lost its popularity. For historical classic design The Venetian technique is appropriate, imitating stone, often marble, glowing from within, emphasizing the nobility and high cost of the decoration.
Decorative plaster in the interior, Venetian texture imitating natural malachite
For elaborate French styles (Rococo and Baroque), decorative plaster with a silk effect is suitable; the glossy surface reflects expensive furniture, makes the room visually larger, emphasizing the luxury and pomp of the decor.
Finishing classic bedroom Venetian plaster
If moldings are used to separate the walls - imitation frames, then plasters with a drapery effect look very nice inside. For accent wall often exploited artistic painting, made using the Venetian technique.
Decorative plaster with painting
For calmer interiors in a classic style - decorative plaster with the effect of aged walls; it is also very relevant for some Mediterranean trends.
Decorating walls with Venetian plaster
Ethnic styles
For creating ethnic styles Decorative plaster under natural materials is most often used. So, to create a Mediterranean style, decorative plaster with an aging effect is suitable. Typically, this is a mineral coating coated with paint using a special technique: the first opaque layer is applied - the base, followed by a thinner layer on top, which is washed away with a damp rag.
Living room in antique style with wall decoration with plaster
The rustic style is characterized by a decorative wood finish. The application technology is quite simple, but requires skills. First, the base layer is applied in large strokes, leveled with a spatula, and then covered with a thin layer of darker liquid plaster with a brush. After drying, the texture of the wood is drawn with a special stamp.
Plaster with wood texture for wall decoration
For the African direction, the use of decorative plaster that imitates reptile skin is relevant. The surface is finished with a base layer of a textured mixture, about 3 mm thick, then a relief is made with a rubber roller with a pattern. At the finish it is decorated with paints, often using pearlescent additives, golden patina, and metallic effect.
Decorative plaster imitating leather, decorated with paints and patina
Modern directions
For modern styles decorative plaster – inexhaustible possibilities and boundless horizons of imagination. These include flock and fibrous textures for modern design, and sparkles for romantic design. There are usually two decoration options:
- Using modern mixtures with already added inclusions, all that remains is to apply the solution in any way you like.
- Application of ordinary white decorative plaster followed by decoration with paints to achieve the desired effect.
Decorative plaster, photo of Venetian coating in the bedroom
Finishing the façade “mosaic” with a mixture of different colors
For exterior decoration, especially for plinths, sometimes even fragmentarily indoors, decorative plaster to look like stone, brick or rubble is very relevant. To make such a drawing, it is enough to apply a layer using the rock technique, with strokes. You can make a “masonry” pattern using a polyurethane stamp, which is pressed into the surface of a slightly dried mortar. Or draw the grooves manually with a chisel or thin spatula. To make the texture look natural, sharp edges are slightly smoothed with a brush dipped in water.
Decorative plaster to look like brick, this type of finishing can be easily done with your own hands
Interesting textures are obtained if the still-dry layer of decorative plaster is treated with a sea sponge, slightly pressing and slightly turning it in a circular motion. A brush with stiff bristles allows you to paint:
- grooves (vertical and horizontal);
- waves if driven in a zigzag pattern;
- fabric - drawing lines with bristles vertically, then horizontally, and to give naturalness light strokes in both directions alternately.
The craquelure effect is achieved thanks to a special technology. First, a smooth base coat is applied, which will show through the ragged edges. It is coated with a special varnish that will ensure the formation of cracks. A final thin layer of the desired color is applied to the varnish. The fresh coating is intensively blown by fans, resulting in cracks.
Craquelure, with different degrees of airflow you can achieve a small or large pattern
Rollers, various stencils, stamps - all these are unlimited possibilities in the field of modeling decorative plaster. Don’t be afraid to show your creativity; perhaps you can invent your own exclusive texture. Watch the video on how to properly use rollers for decorative plaster.
Reading forums where craftsmen and simple DIYers speak out, one of the most popular and versatile finishes is decorative plaster. Reviews about the material are most commendable: practical, reliable, beautiful, relevant, and will not lose its aesthetics for a long time.
Modern trends in the development of finishing materials lead to the fact that decorative plaster is becoming more diverse and sophisticated, and its application techniques are becoming more and more complex. Some examples of decoration look more like works of art than wall coverings.
This article will describe the main characteristics of various decorative plasters. An introductory overview of the most popular textures of decorative plasters in the interior and exterior is presented.
Classification of plasters by type of binder
Almost all modern mixtures are divided into 4 categories according to the type of binder. The same textures can be made using various plasters: decorative, structural. However, their performance characteristics vary quite a bit. For example, the very popular “bark beetle” texture, which is successfully used both for finishing facades and for interior spaces. Only the Ceresit company has 6 different plasters for this texture, which differ significantly in their characteristics.
Table of main performance characteristics textured decorative plaster "bark beetle"
Despite the variety of material, there is no difference in the methods of application to the base. Technology for applying decorative plaster, video on the “bark beetle” texture:
Mineral
These include mixtures based on cement, lime and gypsum in various combinations. It is applied mainly to mineral substrates that have been pre-treated with a primer.
Advantages:
- High strength;
- Abrasion resistant;
- Moisture resistant;
- Non-flammable;
- Vapor permeable;
- Easy to apply;
- Affordable. This is only if various flocks, chips and others are not added to the composition decorative elements.
Flaws:
- Brittle to break. Cracks appear easily, especially if new house gives significant shrinkage;
- It is difficult to tint in bulk; pigmented spots of a different shade may appear. Recommended for use exclusively for painting.
Acrylic
Acrylic decorative plasters are sold in the form of ready-to-use water-dispersed mixtures.
Advantages:
- High level of adhesion with all mineral substrates;
- Good elasticity. As a result, it does not crack with slight deformation of load-bearing walls or internal walls;
- Low coefficient of moisture absorption. The use of such finishing is relevant in places increased level precipitation or in bathrooms;
Flaws:
- Flammability,
- Weak vapor permeability;
- Cladding cannot be done
Silicate
Plaster mixtures with the addition of potassium “liquid” glass. They are sold in the form of emulsions, which must be mixed thoroughly before use.
Advantages:
- High vapor permeability;
- Elasticity;
- Hydrophobicity;
- Washable.
Flaws:
- Poor color palette, cannot be painted with conventional façade paints;
- It is necessary to treat the base with a special primer;
- After opening the container, it must be applied to the surface very quickly.
Silicone
Another name is siloxane, the most technologically advanced material.
Advantages:
- Elastic;
- Waterproof;
- Vapor permeable;
- Durable;
- High level of adhesion to any type of surface;
- It is not only easy to clean, but also self-cleans under the influence of precipitation;
- Easy to apply to substrates;
- It is tinted in bulk.
Flaws:
- A special silicone primer is required;
- High cost of material.
The most popular textures of facade decorative plasters
The textures used in exterior decoration are: special requirements. In addition to their aesthetic appearance, they must have anti-vandal qualities, that is, they must be durable, non-flammable and repairable. Their relief should be expressive and at the same time not so deep that it collects dust and turns it into mud in the rain. At the moment, of all the variety, according to reviews of decorative plasters, 4 types are the most popular.
Bark beetle
It can be applied to any type of surface; there are many modifications of working mixtures. Can be painted in bulk or on the surface. Tolerates moisture and straight lines well Sun rays, durable and heat resistant. There are various application technologies: horizontal, vertical, circular or chaotic (the surface is rubbed with a figure eight motion). In addition, it is characterized by the size of the fractions of solid grains, which form characteristic grooves; they usually have a size of 2, 2.5, 3 mm.
Methods of applying decorative plaster, photo of “bark beetle” texture: vertical, horizontal, chaotic (circular)
In addition to the method of creating the relief, the “bark beetle” plays a big role in the design. harmonious combination colors. Tinting in two colors on one surface or contrasting coloring is practiced. various elements facades.
Surface painting of decorative plaster, photo contrasting tones highlighting window elements
Kamushkovaya
It is a structure closely covered with fine-grained crumbs in fractions of 1-3 mm. Using a mixture of pebbles colored in the mass, you can make various designs on the facade in the “sgraphito” style. As well as surfaces with slight reliefs and traditional “fur coat” and “polka dot” textures.
A plastic grater is used as an application tool. To create reliefs, various specialized and improvised materials are used: trowels, spatulas, graters with teeth, textured rollers, polyurethane stamps or palette knives, special spatulas.
Palette knives for forming relief inserts on decorative plaster, photo of a professional set
Terratisite (mosaic)
Plaster based on polymer or lime-cement binder. Marble chips of various colors, glass, and other solid minerals with particle sizes of 1-6 mm are used as fillers. Applied in a continuous layer, the mosaic mixture forms the most durable surface from existing façade coverings. The technology for applying mosaic plaster is extremely simple; unlike most decorative mixtures, you can easily do it yourself, once you watch the video tutorial:
Mosaic decorative plaster, photo - geometric pattern
Fur coat
It is one of the most technologically advanced decorative plasters. Its application can be done either manually or using mechanized means.
“Fur coat” applied to the wall surface and painted
Organ for applying a “fur coat” to the wall
Despite the apparent complexity, finishing the facades can be done independently. In this case, you should adhere to the following recommendations:
- The mixture should be applied in one layer and in one pass. Multiple passes can result in significant differences in the tone of the finish. The wall may become spotted.
- Must be strictly adhered to temperature regime 5-25°C and relative humidity 40-70%. However for different mixtures These parameters may differ slightly; more accurate information is provided on the packaging of the finishing material.
- Use plasters only from trusted manufacturers. Of course, the cost of well-known brands is slightly higher, but re-processing the facades will cost even more. The most popular manufacturers are:
- Ceresit,
- Murexin,
- Bolars,
- Knauf,
- Bolix,
- Caparol.
- The preparation of the wall surface should be carried out no less carefully than the application of decorative materials. The durability of the outer layer, the appearance of swelling, shedding, etc., depend on the quality of the base.
Interior decorative plasters and textures
There are many textures that can be created from universal plasters. Or vice versa, which require specialized mixtures. In addition, new techniques for simulating exotic materials are being developed. Let's look at the most popular and exotic ones.
Venetian
The undoubted leader in marbled decorative plasters. It is applied using special compounds of varying complexity. Numerous attempts to imitate it using cheaper finishing materials have not led to noticeable success.
Depending on the brand and manufacturer, the surface imitates marble of any color or onyx. The video shows the technology for applying a variety of Venetian - Trevignano:
In addition to the high cost of the material itself, the craftsman will also need a significant remuneration. After all, this technique is not only painstaking, but also requires artistic talent. Thin short strokes are applied to a carefully prepared surface in several layers. Mandatory drying and sanding of each layer. Suitable for classic style in the interior, as well as for baroque, antique, partly modern styles.
Photo of decorative plaster in the hallway - Venetian with elements of floral patterns
Venetian decorative plaster, photo in the corridor
Craquelure
Craquelure is a technology for artificially aging Venetian fabric. Video -
This is expressed in the appearance of chaotic cracks on the surface, and in fact under the surface of the protective varnish. This effect is created in several ways. A simple and expensive option is to use a special craquelure varnish, which will do all the work, tightening the surface and filling the cracks.
The second method is to forcefully dry the newly applied plaster until cracks appear. Then the places of breaks are rubbed over with tinted putty, and the entire complex is covered with transparent varnish.
Craquelure on decorative plaster for interior decoration, photo of a kitchen apron
Carrara
Another variety of Venetian. It consists of applying 10-12 layers of plaster with white marble filler. After which the surface is glazed with wax, acquiring a pearlescent effect. After carefully completed work, one gets the impression that the walls are decorated with Carrara marble, one of the most expensive.
Carrara - a type of Venetian decorative plaster, photo in the hallway
Flock mixtures
Cellulose, silk or wool fibers, and various mineral additives are used as filler. The mixture is sprayed onto a surface previously greased with glue. After drying, poorly adhered flocks are removed with a brush. Then a clear varnish, usually polyurethane based, is applied on top. Such mixtures are sold ready-made or in kits that need to be mixed.
Decorative flock plaster for interior work, photo of the wall above the fireplace
Imitation textures
Even simple decorative mixtures can change the appearance of walls beyond recognition.
Decorative plaster to imitate brick, bedroom interior solution
Moreover, this method of decoration does not require significant capital investments in expensive decorative plaster. And the methods for applying texture are simple enough that you can do them yourself.
Decorative stone-like plaster in the interior photo of one of the cafes
Decorative plaster to look like concrete, living room in an urban interior
Methods of applying textures
To create more exotic textures from decorative plasters in the interior, craftsmen use numerous tools and devices. One of the most common are rollers for decorative plaster.
Rollers and other tools for adding texture to the surface
Decorative plaster as an element of style expression
Everyone is accustomed to the fact that the main influence that walls can have in interior design is their color scheme. However, there are many techniques that use texture as a design accent.
Modern - its varieties are most popular in modern interiors. It is characterized by floral patterns, smooth lines and curved shapes. Most suitable finishing materials can be considered those that create color tints on the surface.
Crem-Plast composition, application technique using a broach or embossed roller
Art Deco - it is characterized by a combination of Empire styles with Egyptian, Indian and African. The textures are characterized by imitation leather and various bas-reliefs on folklore themes.
Imitation crocodile leather combined with modern technology, art deco style
Ethnic style - the most popular exotic destinations: India, Japan, Africa. Features of wall decoration are the widespread use of thematic bas-reliefs and patterns, which can be made from various types decorative plasters and various techniques: roller, broach, strokes, trowel, with or without shading, using stencils.
An important step in preparing walls for further finishing is plastering the walls. It is used for capital or cosmetic repairs for leveling walls or as a finishing coating. Plastering facades creates a layer that protects them from the negative effects of precipitation, wind, and ultraviolet radiation. In addition, the coating provides an additional thermal insulation effect. Thanks to this, energy consumption for air conditioning is reduced in summer, and energy consumption for heating in winter. For this purpose, different types of plaster are used, differing in composition, characteristics, and application features.
Plasters are classified according to several indicators. Depending on their location, they can be façade or interior. The former are used to work on the street, and the latter - in the middle of the building. The facade is subjected to more mechanical stress, so the plaster must create a strong, stable, durable coating. There are more requirements for indoor materials decorative properties. Modern plastering mixtures can often be used both inside and outside the house. The choice of material depends on the type of base and the desired effect. Different types of plaster have common advantages:
- increase sound insulation;
- allow you to insulate the premises;
- improve fire safety;
- protect walls from moisture and temperature changes.
Plastering walls is a labor-intensive process that requires highly qualified craftsmen. According to their functional characteristics, plasters can be classified as ordinary, heat-insulating, acoustic, waterproofing, special, or decorative. Let's figure out what features are inherent in each type and how they affect the use of the material.
Ordinary plaster
The main task of its use is to level the walls in preparation for further finishing (painting, laying tiles, panels, wallpapering). The result is a monolithic layer that is resistant to mechanical stress and the influence of weather factors. Based on the composition of the mixture, the following types of plaster are distinguished:
- Limestone. It is used for walls inside a building. It cannot be used on gypsum surfaces or in rooms with high humidity.
- Cement-lime. Their basis is cement, lime mixed with sand and synthetic additives. This type is used inside and outside the house. Cement provides the solution with strength and resistance to moisture, and lime provides plasticity.
- Lime-gypsum. It can be applied to walls made of wood, stone, plaster, but not to concrete surfaces. The advantage of the coating is its resistance to moisture.
- Cement-sand. This is a traditional type, proven to be durable and reliable. Its disadvantage is the possible dampening of the surface, which contributes to the appearance of mold.
The advantages of conventional plaster are durability, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. The disadvantages include the laboriousness of implementation and the need to take time to dry each layer.
It can be applied inside the house or on the outside of the walls. Its peculiarity is the presence in the mixture of a binder component (cement, lime or gypsum) and various fillers. Due to their porous structure, fillers increase the thermal insulation ability of the material. The following are used as fillers:
- Foam glass. Obtained from foamed quartz sand. Under the influence of high temperatures, a porous material is formed, with low water absorption and non-flammable. Glass beads inside foam glass do not shrink.
- Vermiculite. Formed from expanded mica at high temperatures. The filler is able to withstand large temperature changes. Its disadvantage is its high hygroscopicity, which can be reduced by applying a finishing coating.
- Perlite. During the firing process of volcanic glass, air bubbles are formed in it. They give the material heat and sound insulation properties. The disadvantage of perlite is that it strongly absorbs water. It must be covered with a protective layer.
- Expanded polystyrene. It has excellent thermal insulation properties, but is a flammable material. This limits its use.
- Sawdust. A cheap and fairly effective filler that you can prepare yourself. It is used for interior work.
Warm plaster is used as an additional thermal insulation layer. It can be applied in a layer of up to 50 mm, otherwise it will slide off the wall under its own weight. If it is necessary to achieve good thermal insulation, then you can apply plaster on the inside and outside of the walls with a total thickness of up to 100 mm.
The advantages of warm plaster are its fire resistance (except for expanded polystyrene) and environmental Safety, practicality and functionality. It fits perfectly on any base, creating a single structure with it. The technology for applying the solution is practically no different from plastering with a conventional mixture.
To reduce the influence of external factors on the atmosphere of the house, special compounds are used. They are indispensable for complex wall configurations and the impossibility of using other sound insulation methods. It is often used for finishing industrial buildings, concert halls. It will make living in an apartment or house more comfortable, especially when finishing the premises with hard materials (marble, tiles).
A special feature of the acoustic mixture is the presence of sound-absorbing additives in it. These include expanded clay, pumice, vermiculite, perlite, and slag. It can be applied to any pre-primed surface in several layers. The final layer is leveled with a trowel. Hardening of the solution should take place in warm, dry air. The coating cannot be painted so as not to impair its sound insulation properties. Therefore, it is covered with fabric or covered with bars. The advantages of this type are the absence of joints, the ability to choose any color, and if damaged, it can be repaired.
Waterproofing plaster
For finishing rooms with high humidity - basements, bathrooms, balconies - plaster compositions with waterproofing properties are used. The mixture consists of a mineral binder (cement), filler, mineral and polymer additives. Cover it with water and mix thoroughly.
Before application, the surface of the walls must be cleaned of dust, debris and grease. The mixture must be applied at positive temperatures. During the hardening process, the solution should not be subjected to freezing, drying out or moistening. It should be protected from damage.
Special blends
Often, to decorate walls it is necessary to use mixtures with unusual properties. Such materials include. Its main component is barite concentrate. Such a solution is much cheaper than a lead screen, which is reliable protection against electromagnetic radiation. The plaster is applied in a layer of up to 50 mm. For better protection, barite plates are used. The application of barite plaster is carried out in one go, since the surface should not have joints. The air temperature should not drop below 15 degrees.
Another type is acid-resistant plaster. It is used in areas exposed to aggressive chemicals. The basis of the mixture is liquid potassium glass with the addition of stone flour and quartzite. To protect the coating from destruction, use a covering layer of cement-sand mortar, rubbing it with cement milk (iron plating).
Decorative plasters
To make walls not only functional, but also beautiful, decorative plaster is used. The coating can be structural, textured and Venetian. The first two can be used outside and inside, while the Venetian can only be used inside the building. There are several types of mixtures, differing in the binding component:
- Acrylic. Thanks to acrylic resin, it is highly plastic. Pigments give it the desired color. The plaster is highly durable and creates a smooth finish. Its disadvantage is low vapor permeability and exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
- Mineral. The main component in it is cement. It is relatively inexpensive, and the strength of the coating increases over time. It does not fade in the sun, but does not withstand mechanical stress.
- Silicone. Due to the synthetic resin, the plaster has acquired resistance to moisture and good ductility. It is easy to apply and comes in a variety of colors.
- Silicate. The binding component of the solution - liquid glass - gives it strength and makes it resistant to moisture. The plaster is suitable for any surface. It is fireproof and has a long service life - up to 50 years.
The basis of mixtures structural plaster are silicates or acrylic with the addition of granules of different sizes. Due to this, the coating acquires volume. Using various application techniques, different decorative elements are created on the surface. Used for facades and interior work.
A special feature of textured plaster is its high plasticity, which allows you to form any pattern on the surface and create an imitation of natural materials. To do this, use a variety of rollers, spatulas, and sponges. Plant fibers, small stones, and stone chips are added to the mixture. Thanks to this, the coating hides minor imperfections in the walls and does not require their preliminary leveling.
It has a unique decorative effect. It perfectly imitates a marble surface, conveying its inherent shine and depth. This is achieved due to a unique composition, including marble flour and a binder component (acrylic or lime). The solution is applied in a thin layer in several stages. This type is the most expensive and labor-intensive, but in terms of decorative properties it is difficult to find a finish that would look so luxurious and unusual. The final stage of application is waxing, which gives the coating a glossy shine and protects it from damage.
How to choose plaster?
The variety of species raises a logical question: which one is best? However, it is impossible to give a definite answer. The choice of material depends on the specific conditions in which it will be used and the requirements for decorative properties.
An important role is played by cost and compliance with the general style of the house or apartment. A luxurious “Venetian” is not always appropriate in a small room. But in a spacious hall or living room she will be able to fully display all her beauty.
Features of plastering work
The key to the durability and quality of the coating is compliance with certain rules for wall preparation and solution application technology. The first step is always to clean the walls from remnants of the old coating, dust, grease, and prime them.
When working with wooden base use a lime-gypsum mixture, applying it to the fixed shingles. To keep the plaster on the concrete wall, first apply a spray. To do this, prepare a liquid solution, which is sprayed onto the wall. It creates a rough surface that improves the adhesion of the base layer.
Conventional plaster most often consists of 3 layers: spray, primer and topcoat. Decorative finishing may include many more layers (8-12). However, its thickness usually does not exceed 20 mm.
To prevent the coating from cracking, it is necessary to maintain temperature and humidity conditions. It is recommended to carry out the work at an air temperature of 15-25 degrees, so that the solution does not dry out very quickly. In extreme heat, the plastered wall needs to be moistened.
