Do-it-yourself punt boat made of plywood: drawings, assembly features. DIY punt boat from plywood drawings How to make a punt boat from boards with your own hands

Buying a boat is quite an expensive business. That is why many people are wondering how to make their own small and reliable boat. The process of creating a boat is not as complicated as it might seem at first glance. However, it is quite painstaking and requires a lot of attention to detail.

The first and most important step is to determine what the vessel will be made of. There are not many options, let's look at them:

• Rubber based fabric. The end result is an inflatable boat.
• Plastic.
• Steel.
• Tree.
• Plywood.

Each option has its own advantages and disadvantages that are immediately noticeable. But now we will talk about a boat made of wood.

Having decided on the material, you can move on to the next stages of planning and preparation.

Manufacturing Features

There are really a lot of features, so let's look at them in detail:

1. Working with wood. First and main feature– ability to work with wooden structures and wood in particular. You need to understand which boards are best to choose, how to bend them correctly, what loads a particular material can withstand. Before starting work, it is best to prepare and read books on woodworking. They are very easy to find and are freely available on the Internet.
2. Selection of materials for assembly. In addition to wood, you must immediately decide on other materials that will help hold the boat together and protect it from leaks. They must be suitable for the material that has been chosen and interact well with it.
3. Assembly location. Manufacturing will definitely require a lot of space and time. For professionals, manufacturing and assembly can take from 4 to 10 days, depending on the complexity. A beginner will need several times more time. This is why it is important to choose a dry and comfortable place.
4. Tools. To facilitate and speed up the process, you will need a number of tools (which we will look at later). In addition, it is advisable to have an extra pair of hands during some stages of assembly.

These are the main features you need to know, but as you progress, you will likely encounter others.

Drawing of a boat from boards for self-production

Deciding on the sizes

One of the most important stages in the planning stage. The size determines the capacity, load capacity and weight. It is very important to maintain the correct dimensions so that the boat is stable on the water.

They can be changed at your discretion, but within reason:

• Length of the entire structure. The length can vary from two to four meters. If the vessel is designed for one, then the length should be 1.8 - 2.5 meters. Two people – approximately 3 meters. Three people – 3.5 – 4 meters. A boat 3-4 meters long can easily support up to 5-6 people; the issue here is more about comfort.
• Width. Also one of the main criteria. Average widths are 1 – 1.5 meters. The greater the width, the more stable it is wonderful. On the other hand, the greater the width, the less maneuverability. It is necessary to find a middle ground. It is different for everyone depending on the person’s body, the load that will be transported, as well as the length of the entire structure.
• Board height. The average and recommended side height is 50 centimeters. Again, you can make it either higher or lower, depending on your desire.

It is based on these dimensions that it will be necessary to make all the details in the future. It is difficult to determine these dimensions by eye, so it is best to make a drawing for clarity.

Moving on to the drawings, we must immediately say that it is not necessary to have a talent for drawing. At the moment, a drawing can be made without having such skills online on the Internet. You can make a three-dimensional model that will meet all the requirements and desires.

In the drawing, in addition to the main dimensions, you must immediately determine the dimensions of other, smaller, but no less important parts. It is best to make drawings for them separately, so that you do not have to adjust them in the future.

Basic planes necessary for constructing a theoretical drawing of a boat hull

Required materials and tools

Having dealt with all the theoretical issues, we move on to practice. Collecting all the tools and materials and preparing them for work is the final part of the preparation, so this process must be treated with special care.

Consider the list of tools and instruments that will be needed during assembly:

This is the main list of what will be useful during assembly. In addition, other tools may be useful in the process. For example, a hacksaw, a hammer, clamps, etc.

Selection of boards for lining the bottom of a punt boat

Manufacturing process

Let's move on to the most interesting part, the manufacturing process. Let's present it in the form of step-by-step instructions.

There is no room for haste or shortcomings, so we do everything extremely carefully and clearly:

Boat testing

After creating and assembling the vessel, we move on to testing it.

You can test the boat in different ways, but the best number of stages is:

• The first waterproof test can be done in the yard. To do this, we turn the boat over and place it on some kind of support (chairs, benches, table). Next, pour a large amount of water on it. To do this, it is best to use a hose and “water” for 5-10 minutes. After this, the boat can be turned over and checked to see if water has gotten inside.
• Now, knowing that the schooner does not allow water to pass through, you can proceed to access to deep water. More precisely, try it in action. It is strongly recommended not to swim to great depths for the first half hour, because if something is done wrong and the boat begins to quickly take on water, it is much easier to get it out of the shallows.

Let's look at a few tips that may be useful to a beginner in the difficult task of designing and assembling:

• When assembling, do not spare materials. For example, when fastening the sides to the bottom of a boat, it is worth spending extra time, but carefully going over all the joints with glue or resin. It will be very difficult to correct such errors in the future.
• Do it with reserve. Excess parts of everything can be removed, for example, by sawing off a block in the bow of the boat. This also applies to all other details.
• Before using large nails or screws, it is advisable to make holes for them using a drill. This will prevent cracks from appearing.
• Don't skimp on materials. How better quality wood, the longer and better it will serve in the future.

Homemade plywood boat (master class, photo, step by step)

So we finally got around to fulfilling our old dream and started building a boat. For the first time I chose an easy project, so to speak for training. I went to the production of similar boats in Cherepovets and there I spied something and bought the missing materials, for which special thanks to the owner of the shipyard.

This is what the boat should look like:

Today I cut out sheets of plywood and began the most important and difficult process, in my opinion, which is cutting and gluing sheets of plywood. Because If the length of the boat exceeds the length of standard sheets of plywood, then they have to be spliced; there are many ways to do this, but I chose the most technically complex, but also more aesthetic option of miter gluing.

Let's mark it.

We process the plywood sheets first with a plane and then with a sander.

This is what it looks like during processing.

This is how the sheets should fit and stick together.

After adjusting the parts, I glued them together and placed them under the press.

That's all the preparatory work on the boat for now; after the sheets are glued together, I'll start marking and cutting out the parts.

At first I practiced miter joints on scraps of plywood and it was scary to look at, but experience came from working on the “finish” version :) I hope I can continue to master everything.

That's about the boat.

Basic data:

Maximum length............2.64 m
Maximum width............1.28 m
Side height...........................0.38 m
Body weight........................30 kg
Load capacity...................180 kg
Crew...................................2 people
Permissible power p/motor...2.5 hp

Today was a day of fruitful work and great progress :)

He pulled the sheets out from under the press and removed the strips between which they were sandwiched. The joint turned out to be smooth and very strong (then we tried to break the scraps from the bottom, but it did not break at the joint of the sheets). In this way we obtained blanks of the required length for making the boat.

I start marking by marking the center line, from which all the dimensions will then go.

Here I drew the bottom of the boat, it looks like it turned out beautifully:

I start cutting. It is advisable to use a jigsaw at high speeds, and use files for shaped cutting of plywood so as not to tear the edges of the sheets.

We follow the markings strictly :)

Half of the bottom is ready.

And here is the bottom in its entirety :)

We mark one side, then we put two blanks on top of each other and fasten them with clamps, after which we cut out both sides at once.

I mark and cut out the transom.

At the joints of the plywood sheets, we remove the chamfer with a grinder and begin sewing the boat with copper wire clips.

We carry out work from stern to bow.

You can't do this without an assistant.

I also try hard to sew everything beautifully :)

These are the seams you get.

Here the boat is ready :)

Try it on for yourself :)

And upside down.

Today we have really moved towards the final stage of completing the project :)
The first thing I did was pull all the staples tighter. I checked the geometry of the boat. Then I used a chisel to edge the brackets at the internal joints of the sides. After all this, I cut out temporary spacers and secured them in the places where the frames were installed.

While doing these things in the new room, I constantly felt eyes on me. By the way, here is a view of the straightened boat from the stern.

For a more even formation of the seams, I decided to fill the lines masking tape Looks like it turned out beautifully.

I decided to glue it in the evening, but in the meantime I drew out the frame templates and began assembling them.

Here are the finished frames, assembled using epoxy glue and self-tapping screws.

I finally started gluing the internal seams, I didn’t think it was like this painstaking work:) For the first time, everything seemed to work out great. The resin has saturated the fiberglass fabric normally, there are no bubbles anywhere.

This is how the seam turns out, smooth and transparent. The photo shows that the structure of the wood is visible through three layers of glass tape, which means everything is normal.

Here's what was done last time: the frames were adjusted and the fenders were screwed on.

Today I installed the frames in place and secured them with glue and screws, and cut out reinforcing linings for the transom.

After that, I turned the boat over, removed all the staples from the wire and began rounding the seam joints.

And now that everything was prepared, I started gluing the external seams.

The seams turned out smooth and well saturated, even I like it myself.

Seams on the transom.

Today I finished shaping the boat’s hull, next time I’ll install the benches and start preparing for painting.

The sides are fastened not only with glue, but also reinforced with three layers of glass tape on each side, this turns out to be fiberglass. The self-tapping screws from the frames can be completely removed; after gluing, they will no longer be needed. By the way, some people do just that. Such a boat can be assembled without a single screw in the hull.

Today I went to make a boat only in the evening, because... I waited for the glue to set well. I checked the external seams, I really liked how it was done, it turned out to be strong fiberglass. After that I decided to make slats for the benches. I also cut out and fitted the stem to the bow of the boat.

Here are the slats of the front bench attached.

Here is the middle bench.

I also cut slats for the rear bench, but it’s too early to install them.

Apparently prolonging the pleasure of the process, or maybe out of a desire to do everything efficiently, I’m making the boat slowly and little by little :)
Today I bought glue, screws and high-quality lumber without knots. All this was intended to install the keel and outer stringers. These necessary elements They will give greater strength to the bottom, and also protect the boat during mooring to the shore, and protect the paintwork from scratches.

I cut out the slats, sanded them and installed them in place using glue and screws.

Also today I installed a stem and a bow eye bolt for tying a rope or anchor rope.

Work had to be stopped for today because... the whole thing should be firmly grasped; for this I used additional weights.

By the way, the bench blanks have already been cut out, but they will be installed after painting the inside of the boat.

All photos from the article

A do-it-yourself plywood motor boat is of interest to many of our compatriots for two reasons - creative nature and lower cost. Despite the apparent complexity of the project, it can be understood and brought to life.

But for this, a factor such as your desire to do this is extremely necessary. In addition, what you did yourself will be more valuable to you morally, so stay with us and we will show you a video in this article.

We make a small-sized watercraft

Note. We will not consider a specific design, for example, do-it-yourself drawings of a folding plywood boat.
Our goal is to tell you about general principles and methods for making small watercraft.

Required materials and tools

Plywood selection:

• to make a boat from plywood with your own hands, you will naturally need this same plywood, only of different thicknesses;
• for the hull you will need a sheet thickness of 5 mm, but for the keel and frame you will need 10-15 mm thickness(select the length of the panel depending on the length of the case);
• as you understand, high-quality products are needed here, therefore, you will have to choose either elite E or 1st grade for work– the price, of course, will be higher, but the quality will rise along with it;
• in addition, it is important, on which the waterproofness and strength of plywood depends - the best brands here can be called FSF or FSF-TV (flammable), FB and BS (aviation - also used in shipbuilding).

Solid wood:

• to decorate the sides, install seats and arrange spacers inside the boat hull, you will need solid wood;
• best suited for this purpose edged board made of pine - it is lighter than larch, but due to its resin content, it tolerates wetness well.

Suture material:

• to tighten the body and connect other parts into a solid structure, you will need suture material;
• for this you can use thin knitting steel or copper wire, thick nylon fishing line or plastic clamps.

Sealing:

• in order to prevent the boat from leaking, all seams must be sealed with water-repellent glue - there are a lot of them on sale at the moment;
• as practice shows, compositions based on polymer resins are best suited for this purpose;
• To seal seams, fiberglass is also used - a tape made from it is placed on the glue along the joint;
• You can also use fiberglass for this purpose, covering the sides and bottom with it;
• to protect against swelling, water-repellent varnishes and adhesives are used, impregnating the body and jumpers with them - for this you can, for example, use bakelite varnish or glue;
• In addition to impregnation, you will also need polymer paint, which will complement moisture resistance and decorate your boat.

Tools:

• to make a boat with your own hands from plywood, you will, of course, need tools and, first of all, this Circular Saw and/or an electric jigsaw (a hacksaw is also useful);
• a set of hand carpentry tools in the form of a hammer, chisels, pliers, etc.;
• disc or belt sanding machine;
• tape or steel clamps;
• paint brushes for applying impregnations and paints and varnishes.

Select a drawing

Important!
Before you start assembling, find the drawings that are suitable for your case - how to make a boat from plywood with your own hands, it could be a flat-bottomed fishing boat that you will use on weekends or a kayak for hiking during your vacation.
But if you are already experienced in “shipbuilding”, then you can try to draw such a project yourself, but here it is very important to calculate the carrying capacity so that the watercraft does not capsize during operation.

Talking about building a wooden boat is very important in any plan, because it component our domestic fishing, its history, and we must remember and honor our master boatmen. Unfortunately, there is practically no continuity in this matter. The overwhelming majority of masters are already elderly, and young people are in no particular hurry to take up the baton. But let’s hope that boat craftsmen who create truly excellent fishing vessels will not be lost in our country.

For anyone who wants to make a wooden boat with their own hands, it is important to immediately decide what shape it needs. By by and large, the choice comes from only two main options - keel and flat-bottomed. Everything else is nuances. Keelboats are valuable for their speed and require less effort from the rower. But the advantages specifically for fishing are not the most significant, especially in small bodies of water, and keel models have plenty of disadvantages. They are more difficult to manufacture, less stable, and have a higher chance of capsizing under some circumstances. On rivers, it is more difficult for keelboats to maintain a course in a fast current. In addition, they are poorly suited for fishing with wiring - the stream, escaping from under the keel, forms whirlpools at a great distance that interfere with normal fishing, and careful bites are hardly noticeable.

I, like most DIYers, make punts. The bottom is oval, with a curve towards the sides. This is the best universal option for lakes and rivers, very stable, quite easy to use. It all starts with choosing the right boards. In my opinion, of the most affordable wood, spruce is the best choice. Another good option is to put spruce on the bottom and aspen on the sides, which, when dry well, is light and quite durable.

My boat is within five meters long, and for the sides I will need four six-meter boards with a thickness of 30mm. I consider the optimal side to be 40-45cm high. Accordingly, two boards (about 25cm wide) are just enough for one side. Of course, it is advisable to take boards without knots, although this point is not as important as is often stated. Yes, if a knot is literally pushed out with your finger, then the board is not suitable, but often there are firmly seated healed knots that hold tightly, and with such “semi-defects” the board is suitable.

Another more important point is to calculate outer side boards and the inner one, only then will it bend as expected. Here I look at how the growth rings are located at the end of the board - the convex part should look outward, it is on this side that the outer part of the board will be. The board bends towards the concave part of the annual ring. If you bend it the other way around, the board may crack. The bend of the growth rings is visible the worse the boards are cut from thicker wood, and if in doubt, it is safer to contact an experienced carpenter to tell you where the outer part of the board is. By the way, if you know an experienced carpenter or carpenter, it is useful to get advice on incomprehensible aspects of working with wood, even if he doesn’t really know anything about making boats. He can tell you a lot.

An important question is whether to build a boat from dried or wet boards. This is a double-edged sword: it is much easier to bend everything from a damp one, but there is a higher chance that somewhere the boat will move after drying, if something is assembled incorrectly. I myself assemble the sides from raw wood without any problems - nothing happens to them, but I learned to make the bottom from dry wood. Moreover, I assemble the bottom in a non-standard way. Usually the boards along the bottom are laid along the boat; this technique gives a minimum number of cracks. I went the opposite way - I lay it across the longitudinal axis of the boat. This option gives the structure greater rigidity, and the boat can be made with a less powerful frame, reducing costs and, more importantly, weight.

If the boat will be operated without a motor, then when laying it transversely, ordinary spacers are sufficient to prevent the sides from moving apart (their angle of inclination is about 30 degrees), and due to the bottom, the entire structure turns out to be quite rigid and reliable.

The always “sore” question is about the joints through which water can leak, destroying the wood. I let the side boards overlap, the top one extends about five centimeters behind the bottom one. First, I draw this line and connect the two side boards strictly along it. You need to lay it out perfectly, otherwise, God forbid, if you put one board a centimeter higher or lower, in the end there will be a difference of half a meter... Before connecting the side boards, I coat the joints with drying oil or another protective compound. If you have doubts about the tightness of the connection, you can also use a sealant to make sure.

But I don’t have any cracks on the sides. I connect these boards with screws (hardened, black), hold them tightly, and select the length so that they don’t go right through. If somewhere the boards are not pressed tightly, I take a six-piece wire, cut a thread on both sides, drill a hole in the boards, insert a pin and tighten it tightly through washers on both sides with nuts, remove the protruding ends of the pin with a hacksaw, and smooth the ends with a file. As for the bottom, here, on the contrary, I try not to lay the boards tightly together, I make a gap as thick as a match. During the assembly process, I fill these gaps with suitable twine. If you fold the boards tightly, the bottom may subsequently move. In a well-assembled boat, the bottom seams may not be sealed, and there will be no leaks; it’s just advisable to treat the joining areas with some kind of protective agent, then the boat will last longer.

I do the final processing of all the wood when it is completely ready. I paint both the inside and the outside. Simple oil paint will do. It is advisable to first coat it in the old fashioned way with well-heated drying oil so that the paint adheres better. Once a season it is useful to carry out maintenance on the boat. As a rule, this is a small touch-up of the peeling areas, and it is always useful to pre-paint the seams to ensure against leaks.

Usually the width of my boat is about 1.2 m in the center, around the stern about 80 centimeters. I make the stern wide - two men can sit comfortably. In addition, a punt of this configuration is more stable and quite maneuverable, but I still always use two oars - with one oar, try to turn around somewhere on the spot, in the same reeds!

A boat on the farm may be needed not only for fishing, hunting or recreation on the water. In sparsely populated regions with a developed network of waterways, a boat is a basic necessity, and in populated areas, the production and rental of watercraft is a profitable business. Everyone knows how boatmen make money at resorts. However, in trade classifiers, small vessels are not classified as goods whose pricing is subject to regulation. Therefore, the question: is this even possible, and how to make a boat with your own hands is quite popular. The answer to the first question is clear: yes, and much simpler than is commonly believed. A good, roomy, reliable and seaworthy boat can be made away from the water without a boathouse or slipway, in any room of suitable size. And how - there is this article about this.

In the preparation of materials for this publication, great assistance was provided by the books “300 Tips on Boats, Boats and Motors” Compiled and scientific editor G. M. Novak L.

completion 1974, “Boats, boats and motors in questions and answers” ​​Handbook, ed. G. M. Novak. L. Shipbuilding 1977 and “Kurbatov D. A. 15 projects of ships for amateur construction” L. Shipbuilding 1986. The author expresses deep gratitude to the authors of these informative manuals. Further in the hints for the illustrations they are designated “H74”, “H77” and “K.”, respectively. As for the years of publication, have the waters and winds changed since then? Today's ships are built and sail according to the same laws, only modern materials and computer technology makes it possible to use them more fully.

Organizational issues

The reader probably already has some questions: is it really that simple? Build it and float? With your wife, kids, passengers, at sea in a storm? Depending on the circumstances, you may need a wake on your rigid hull boat. documents and supplies:

• A boat just for yourself, a small non-navigable body of water - sales receipts on the materials used in case you need to prove that they were not stolen. A small body of water is considered to be a body of water in which the distance from the shore is possible no more than 500 m, and the boat is only for one person;
• A boat for yourself, a navigable body of water of any size - additionally a certificate of the right to operate a small boat (analogous to a license for motor vehicles) and a certificate of its registration. Both are issued by local transport (water) inspection authorities. On board the boat, its registration number must be indicated in the prescribed form;


• The same as in paragraphs. 1 and 2, the boat can have free passengers - except for the documents under paragraphs. 1 and 2 also a life jacket for each person on board and mandatory minimum set supplies, see below;
• Everything is the same, but passengers or cargo are paid - additionally a license for the right to transport passengers or cargo by water;
• Everything according to paragraphs. 1-4, sailing boat or sail-motor boat, incl. with a complete emergency sail - in addition, a yacht helmsman’s certificate or other certificate for the right to operate a sailing vessel;
• The boat was made for sale, not serial - a license for the right to produce small watercraft.

It must be said that on non-navigable water bodies, violations under paragraphs. 1-3 are widespread, and in sparsely populated areas - endemic. The water inspection has neither the legal nor the organizational and technical capabilities to get there. Therefore, claims against the owner of the vessel arise or criminal prosecution begins only after the consequences of the accident.

What's a yes and a no?

Designs small vessels too many to count, but for a novice amateur when choosing a prototype need to be guided by the following. considerations that a homemade boat must satisfy:

1. The boat must be built according to a proven design and/or with full consideration of the vital provisions of the theory of the ship, the rules of shipbuilding and navigation, see below;
2. The boat must be reliable, i.e. strong, durable, stable, spacious in weight and volume, sufficiently seaworthy for the given sailing conditions and at the same time controllable in waves, currents in a river and in a shallow overgrown reservoir;


3. The boat must be light enough so that the owner can pull it ashore or launch it alone, and load it for transportation with an adult and moderately developed assistant;
4. The technology for building a boat should not include operations that require special qualifications or production equipment, but must forgive the mistakes of a beginner and the replacement of standard materials and manufacturing methods available in the given circumstances;
5. It is desirable that the boat can move well and stay on the wave with oars, under a motor and sail - to save fuel and have a complete beneficial rest;
6. The costs of building a boat should be minimal;
7. If the boat is stored away from a body of water, it is highly desirable that it meets the requirements for cartop vessels, i.e. allowed transportation on the top trunk of a passenger car.

For the entire set of qualities, except for the price of materials, optimal choice for my first vessel I will have a plywood boat. The boardwalk will cost approx. half the price, but it will be the same number of times heavier and will last much less, except for the option with a thin-walled steel bottom, see below. Homemade fiberglass boats are expensive and difficult to build, although they are reliable and durable. Taking into account all these conditions, the following are not considered further:

• All-metal welded and riveted boats.
• Planing ships.
• Small pleasure catamarans.
• Boats made of foam plastic, plastic bottles, pontoon boats and rectangular planks, etc. exotic.
• Inflatable boat.

The reasons for this “truncation” are as follows. All-metal homemade vessels are not inspected or registered by transport inspection bodies due to the fact that it is technically impossible to ensure their proper reliability in makeshift conditions.

Building a speedboat is not for a beginner. The standard dynamic loads on the planing hull are high, and you can take it on after making sure that your first boat still floats well. Although, I must say, with some experience, at home it is quite possible to build a cartop boat that goes on planing on a small wave with an engine of only 3.5-6 hp, see for example. track. video.

Video: an example of a homemade planing boat and its testing

A small catamaran, let the reader know, is easier to build than a boat of equal capacity, and the restrictions on the choice of materials for it are softer; for example, polystyrene foam can be widely used. On the catamaran bridge (the platform connecting the float hulls) you can stand, walk, tumble as you please, you can put up a tent there and even cook a barbecue. However, a catamaran is not a boat and the issue of homemade catamarans requires separate consideration.

Exotic boats made from scrap materials are simply dangerous. For example, a monohull boat made of foam plastic will turn out to be either something extremely fragile, suitable for swimming only in a fenced “paddling pool”, or an almost uncontrollable raft, highly susceptible to drift by current or wind.

As for inflatable boats, the enthusiasm for them is explained, in addition to the possibility of carrying on oneself, by the fact that in order to register a purchased “rubber” boat on a navigable body of water, it is enough to present a manufacturer’s certificate, and even then the water inspection turns a blind eye to it. However, this in no way applies to homemade inflatable boats.

At the same time, it is enough to look at the patterns of a simple inflatable boat (see Fig.) to be convinced: properly gluing its seams in artisanal conditions is much more difficult than building a more spacious and reliable boat with a rigid hull, and quality materials for a soft plastic boat will cost much more than best plywood and epoxy glue.

But the most important thing: without special equipment, it is generally impossible to reliably (without the possibility of inspection) glue safety bulkheads into the cylinder. A homemade “elastic band” will be single-cylinder: suddenly there is a hole, and you are not wearing a life jacket, it is far from the shore, or the pond is very overgrown - you will only have to mentally take stock of your life. For its end is near.

Note: If you absolutely want to glue your boat, not build it, then it’s better to make it from... scraps of water pipes. Such a boat cannot be blown away and hidden in a backpack, but it will be unsinkable. How to make a boat from PVC pipes, see video below.

Video: example of a homemade boat made from PVC pipes

Which one should I do?

There are also many designs of plywood and plank boats that do not require production conditions for construction; People have been swimming since time immemorial. Let's try to decide how a novice shipbuilder/navigator can navigate this diversity. For example, boats such as a canoe (item 1 in the figure), kayak, canoes or domestic boats are very fast, very seaworthy and at the same time are not afraid of overgrown shallow waters. However, managing them requires not just experience, but great art. In terms of the number of drownings among beginners, canoe-type boats are firmly in the top ranking among small boats. In addition, such boats with a rigid skin are technologically complex, because their contours are double curvature.

The Russian fofan boat (pos. 2) is no less legendary in its reliability than the American dory (see below), but it is very stable, roomy, and can be driven by a green newbie. The twisted contours in the bow make the fofan well able to ride waves when fully loaded, and together with the “pot-bellied” hull, gentle contours in the stern and a recessed transom, it is capable of traveling quite quickly, up to 20 km/h or more, under a fairly powerful engine in transitional (semi-planing) conditions. ) mode. But, as we see, the contours of the fofan are also doubly curved, and it is heavy: to move the fofan, you need at least 2-3 strong men.

The Russian tuzik pleasure-fishing boat (item 3; Russian because there is also an American dinghi tuzik boat, see below) is light, but again with double-curvature contours. The same applies to the sea sailing boat, pos. 5, although under sail she stays steadily on course on a 4-point wave, and it is possible to pull her ashore alone.

Bend once!

So, we have decided on one more requirement for a homemade plywood boat: its contours must be single curvature, i.e. The surfaces forming the body must be curved planes. For the quiet little ones inland waters the optimal choice would be a skiff-type punt boat, pos. 5. Scythians in such conditions have proven themselves to be the most reliable ships. In addition, skiff boats are cheap, easy to build, and lightweight: a 4-meter skiff with a galvanized bottom can be lifted and loaded by one person. An additional advantage for these sailing conditions is that the skiffs handle well in currents and in overgrown reservoirs. There is simply nothing for water or algae to grab onto.

Note: Contrary to popular belief, a skiff boat can sail perfectly, see below. But - only on calm water! In rough weather, the skiff, like any shallow-draft punt, becomes dangerous - the wave hits the bottom, knocking the ship off course and trying to capsize.

In slightly more difficult sailing conditions, with waves up to 2-3 points, a dinghy boat will be optimal. In appearance, dinghies can be easily recognized by the bow transom-forestpigel and the keeled (as they say, having a transverse V) bottom, pos. 6. The latter makes it easier for the dinghy to ride the wave, and the forespire makes the ratio of capacity to overall dimensions and the dinghy’s own weight is almost a record. Thanks to this, the dinghi is the most popular weekend boat among residents of places remote from the water: a 2-3-seater dinghi on the top trunk fits into the dimensions of a passenger car, and can weigh less than 50 kg. Technologically, a dinghy is even simpler than a skiff - it can be assembled by sewing plywood (see below) simply on the floor of an apartment.

The sailing dinghy (item 7) is quite safe, but very nimble, and is therefore an excellent vessel for initial sailing training. Once you have learned how to control one, you can safely move on to the tiller/wheel and sheets of a large yacht. In the USSR, “Goldfish” dinghies were widely used to train teenage cadets in yacht clubs.

Note: in coastal areas you can often find seaworthy, sharp-nosed dingas. Outwardly, they look like a fofan compressed along its length (pos. 8), but in fact the hydrodynamics and mechanics of their hull are almost the same as those of a dinghy with a forespigel.

Finally, if you live by the sea or a large inland lake, know big water and want to finally build a boat for it with your own hands, then the choice should be a dory. Dory boats are truly ocean-going. Newfoundland fishermen have caught and continue to catch fish with them 280 and even 400 km from the coast. The seaworthiness and reliability of the dory are phenomenal: there are many cases where large, reliable ships were wrecked in a severe storm, and the dory then returned home safely in the same waters.

Dory boats are known in 2 modifications: purely rowing and sailing (pos. 9). To drive a bank dory, you need to be a thoroughly salted sailor since childhood, because... their static stability is low. A sailing dory is not so capricious; a beginner who knows the basics of how a vessel moves under sail can learn to sail it. In addition, it is possible to install a motor in a well on a sailing dory. Equipping a boat with a motor well is, of course, more difficult than strengthening the transom for the motor (see below), but the motor and propeller will be better protected from damage, and repairing the motor on the water will be possible without fear of drowning a part or tool.

Basic truths

To make a boat correctly, you need to choose a technically competent design suitable for the given sailing conditions and available resources. To choose a project, you need to know at least the very basics of ship theory, small shipbuilding, navigation and maritime practice on small ships. So let's start with theory.

Sales rate

The performance of a displacement vessel is determined by the Froude number Fr. Physically, it means that with an increase in Fr, the length of the bow wave of the ship increases rapidly, see figure:

In this case, most of the engine power or sail thrust is spent on maintaining it. The engine goes into “fuel guzzling” mode, at the same time quickly burning out its resource, and the sail, as a rule, is not capable of pulling the ship to Fr>0.3. Hence the important conclusion: do not try to increase the speed of the boat by installing an overly powerful motor on it. You will only make sailing more dangerous and waste your money on fuel. If the boat design does not indicate the recommended motor power, it can be determined from the table. on the trail. rice.

Moving at a value of Fr that is too high for a given hull is also dangerous: the boat may seem to be hanging on the crests of neighboring waves, or it will tend to slide back from the bow wave and bury its stern in the water. If, frightened by a wave rising in front of the bow, you sharply release the gas, the boat will be flooded from the stern by the next wave coming in: once formed, the waves move according to their own laws.

The energy consumption of the ship's propulsion for wave formation depends not only on the length, but also on the height of the waves generated. It can be reduced, firstly, by increasing the ratio of the length of the vessel to its width (the “length runs” rule), but at the same time its lateral stability and controllability are reduced. Secondly, the rational construction of the hull contours: its formation along the frames (see below) should be as flat as possible. Thirdly, with overlapping skin (see items 2 and 4 in the figure with types of boats). The ribs of the skin belts turbulize the boundary layer of water, preventing the bow wave from swelling too much. This, by the way, is one of the secrets of the excellent performance of the Viking warships, drakkars and augers. Unfortunately, the sheathing is technologically complex, susceptible to water leakage and therefore requires regular inspection and maintenance.

Stability

The stability of the vessel is distinguished between static (while stationary) and dynamic while underway. The stability of the vessel is determined by the interaction of the capsizing moment, the force of which is applied to the center of gravity, and the restoring moment, the force of which is applied to the center of buoyancy C - the geometric center of the submerged part of the vessel.

The amount of stability is determined by the elevation of the metacenter M above the center of gravity G (see figure). A ship with a large excess of M over G will be very stable, but also very rolly, with a sharp roll, i.e. overly stable. With a continuous increase in the roll angle Θ, the metacenter first “runs away” upward from the center of gravity and then moves back. When M is below G, the capsizing moment will exceed the righting moment and the ship will capsize. Resp. the angle Θ for decked ships is called the angle of decline. The critical list for undecked ships will be that at which the ship draws broadside. Then Θ is called the flood angle.

Stability rules are subject to the square-cube law. For small ships, this is, on the one hand, bad, because a small vessel turns out to be less stable than a large one of the same proportions. If a 5-meter boat sails with a critical list, then the list of a 20-meter schooner in the same wind will not be dangerous, and a 70-meter barque is almost invisible. When in the old days captains of sailing ships, trying to escape from a storm, ordered to “set sails as long as the masts can bear,” they knew what they were doing. But, on the other hand, for the same reason, the dynamic stability of a more or less regular small displacement vessel will be greater than the static one. In order for a boat, stable when parked, to capsize while moving, its designer will have to try very hard in the opposite sense.

Controllability

It is wrong to think that the ship turns by shifting the rudder. The ship turns the oncoming flow of water slanting towards its bow, and the rudder only helps it to stand under it, see fig. on right. There, however, with all due respect to the author of the original source, an inaccuracy crept in: what is designated as the center of gravity of the CG is actually a projection of the center of rotation of the CG vessel onto the main plane (see below). From here there is also an important conclusion: if the boat is poorly controlled, do not sin on the rudder feather being too small. Its optimal area is approx. 3% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the hull amidships, i.e. across at the widest part. Check and, if it does, then either you did something wrong, or you chose an unimportant project.

The position of the CV is determined by the interaction of the moments of forces applied to the CG and C already horizontally. In a perfectly controlled ship without heeling, the CG is located exactly above C, which is what designers strive for. Hence another important conclusion: do not get carried away with the roll. Romantic, but also dangerous, because... The ship's controllability decreases, which increases the risk of capsizing.

Sailing

Yachtsmen sometimes say: a sailing yacht is an airplane, one wing of which is in the air and the other in the water. In general this is correct. For diagrams explaining the principles of vessel movement under an oblique sail, see Fig. From there it is clear why you can sail against the wind. The first thing that is important here is that the CP and the CB are greatly spaced vertically, which creates a significant heeling moment. Hence the conclusion: if the design of the boat does not provide for sailing equipment, do not install a “homemade boat”. As a last resort and under completely favorable circumstances, you can construct an emergency sprint sail from a pair of oars and a cover or clothing. For example, the engine died, it’s a long way to the shore, you’re exhausted from rowing, but the wind is weak and the waves are insignificant.

The interaction of the thrust forces of the sail and the lateral resistance of a properly designed vessel also creates a moment that tends to bring it towards the wind, i.e. turn your nose directly into the wind. On the one hand, this is good, because if the ship turns out to be uncontrollable, it will take the wave on its bow, which is the least dangerous. But on the other hand, if the CPU moves too far ahead of the central steering system, the ship will become difficult to control or even uncontrollable: it will begin to drift towards the wind, no matter how you turn the tiller; It's not far from here to trouble.

The matter is complicated by the fact that when the course changes relative to the wind, both the CP and the central axis shift. If the CPU ends up behind the central station, the ship will begin to fall into the wind (“wants” to become its stern), which threatens disaster. Hence the most important conclusion: do not experiment with sails without proper knowledge of seamanship! You risk making an “overkill turn” in light winds on calm water!

So that a vessel without a large deadrise of the bottom and lines specially designed for sails can carry sailing rigs, lifting keels are used - centerboards - placed in centerboard wells, see fig. on right. If the project has a sail, but no centerboard drawings, we reject it, ignorant. Then, some amateurs try to adapt a flat-bottomed boat for sail by stuffing false keels and longitudinal steps from boards on the bottom, incorrectly called bottom stringers (which are actually parts of the hull). Technically, this is the same as cutting the wings off an airplane or trying to fit them, the tail, and the jet engine onto a bus.

Outlines and drawings

The main dimensions and characteristics of the vessel are given in pos. 1 Fig., and on pos. 2 – the main planes of his theoretical drawing. The midsection plane is indicated by a special squiggle icon. Pos. 3 shows how the theoretical drawing is constructed. Sectioning with diagonals and constructing fish are used in drawings of fairly large ships, carried out on a small scale, to verify the coincidence of lines. On theoretical drawings of small ships, instead of fish, they often give drill lines along the frames, see below.

Just by looking at the theoretical drawing you can estimate at what Froude numbers a given vessel can sail. For example, a boat at pos. 5 – semi-planing. Next you need to check the coincidence of the drawing lines:

• The distances from the DP to the overhead line waterlines on the half-latitude projection must coincide with the distances from the DP to the frame lines on the hull projection, respectively. levels from OP. Taking into account the scale, because the body projection required for constructing patterns and frame templates is most often given on an enlarged scale (see item 4).
• The distances from the OP to the buttocks must be equal to the distances from the OP to the lines of the frames and waterlines on the same cutting plane parallel to the DP, also taking into account the scale.

Next, you should evaluate the performance of the vessel: using the trapezoidal method, the cross-sectional areas of the underwater part are determined by frames and segments, respectively. lengths are laid out along the vertical axis, see fig. The distance between the segments (on the same scale) is one spacing, i.e. distance between sections along frames. The envelope of segments, the so-called. marching along the frames, should form a semi-contour of some streamlined body.

The formation of a formation along frames is similar to the application of the area rule in aviation. But, firstly, in incompressible water its effect affects any speeds, and not transonic ones. Secondly, the ship’s hull is only partially immersed in water and therefore excites gravitational waves rather than pressure waves in motion. Therefore, the formation along the frames should look like half of not a drop, but an ogive-shaped body, like an artillery shell. The flatter the line along the frames, the more efficient the ship will be, and a wide line indicates its good handling. The “tail” at the back indicates the ability to walk at significant Froude numbers, and the “beak” at the front indicates good ability to ride waves, but at the same time a tendency to yaw.

Note: In addition to the frames, the true contour of the inclined transom is built according to the theoretical drawing, see figure:

Materials

Wood and plywood

Basic construction materials for a boat require some pre-processing. To wooden boat served as long as possible, wood materials First you need to soak it generously with a water-soluble antiseptic (biocide) for wood. It won't be oily, it won't be exposed to air!

Plywood, incl. waterproof, impregnated in several stages with intermediate drying to avoid delamination. In the latter, only the glue is waterproof, and the wood veneer is as is. Next, in order to fix the biocide and reduce the swelling of the wood, the material is impregnated in the same way 2-3 times with a water-polymer emulsion. Unless otherwise specified in the project, the thickness of plywood for the sides of a boat up to 4 m long should be taken from 4 mm, for the bottom from 6 mm and for the transom from 12 mm; boards, depending on the type and quality of the wood, are three to four times more. The method of correct gluing of wooden parts and the permissible bending radii of the boards are given in Fig. higher. They are different from construction ones!

Sheets of plywood larger than 1550 mm are difficult to find, so they are glued together in advance into strips of the required length using a miter joint, see fig. It is impossible to learn how to accurately and accurately cut plywood from descriptions, so practice on scraps. We can only advise you to rough out the mustache with a plane, and finish it with a grinder or a smooth block wrapped in sandpaper. Glue the sheets with epoxy glue. The quality of the fastening is checked next. way:

• Cut a strip approx. wide. 10 cm. This is almost always possible, because Curvilinear parts will be cut out.
• The strip is brought into a ring and pulled together until the plywood bursts.
• If the joint is of high quality, the plywood should crack anywhere except it.

Stacked boat hulls are assembled using red copper nails (you need to drill holes for them), galvanized or conical screws. Red copper nails are bitten and riveted into washers; galvanized ones are bent. Holes are drilled for the screws; their dimensions, methods of working with nails and fastening tables, see Fig.

Note: Lately, quite a lot of amateurs have been assembling boats using confirmed furniture screws, using the same technological techniques as when assembling cabinet furniture - cabinets, kitchen corners, etc. For now, these boats are floating, but not for long enough to judge their long-term reliability.

Fiberglass

Fiberglass glued with epoxy glue is widely used in small shipbuilding. But there are a lot of complaints about it: they say, I didn’t swim until the fall - it started leaking. The reason is the wax that is used to coat the fiberglass before it is spun and woven. Paraffin from fiberglass is removed by boiling in water. You can’t burn it, the fabric will become fragile! Boil the fiberglass cloth in a clean container for at least half an hour, then allow the container and contents to cool completely, remove the paraffin crust from the surface of the water, and only then remove the fiberglass cloth.

Techniques for working with fiberglass on fiberglass and wood are shown in Fig. Gluing set parts from extruded polystyrene foam EPS is an effective way to increase the rigidity of a wooden hull, slightly increasing its weight, and assembling a plywood boat by sewing with epoxy glue is technologically simple and produces a completely reliable vessel. The staples are made of copper wire with a diameter of 2-3 mm; the pitch of pairs of holes for them is 40-60 mm. Looking ahead, the technology for sewing boats from plywood on epoxy is as follows:

1. Cut out parts without allowance;
2. The edges are planed to form a wedge-shaped profile joint with a width of 1.5-2 mm at the base;
3. If the bottom is keeled, staple its parts together, place the blank on keel blocks (see below) and sew on the sides. The flat bottom is immediately placed on the trestles, the sides are sewn on;
4. Align the body along the contours (also see below) and fill the seams with glue from the inside;
5. After the glue has hardened, the seams are also sealed from the inside with 3 layers of fiberglass (see figure above). There is no need to remove the staples: firstly, the seam with them will be stronger, and secondly, the putty holes from the staples are a potential source of water leakage;
6. When the last sizing has hardened, the transoms (transom) are glued in the same way;
7. Remove the body from the keel blocks (traces), bite the brackets flush from the outside and cover the seams on the outside with 3 layers of fiberglass;
8. They glue into the hull the frames, centerboard well, cans (seats), breshtuk (see below), gunwale, fender beam, etc., which is necessary for the project;
9. They carry out additional equipment and finishing.

How to make a boat?

Sew

In projects of cartop dinghy and skiff boats, patterns of their parts are often given. In this case, the boat is assembled by sewing (stitching) on ​​keel blocks or trestles, see fig. The dry-sewn body is aligned along the contours using templates and temporary mounting spacers. The seams of the sheets, being the most durable, are placed closer to the nose, as it is the most loaded and susceptible to damage.

We are building

The construction of a sharp-chine boat of greater than sewn capacity with single-curvature contours begins with the manufacture of the stem (see below) and the assembly of frame frames. The frames of sewn boats are often simply cut out of plywood (there are only 2-3 of them), but in in this case This is so uneconomical - too much rather expensive material will go to waste. The frames are assembled on the plaza, i.e. on a flat plane onto which the projections of the theoretical drawing on a scale of 1:1 are transferred. If the contours of the boat are simple and there is little space, only the hull projection can be transferred to the plaza. Methods for assembling frame frames, as strength, complexity and weight increase, are given in Fig. The grooves for the keel and stringers are selected in advance.

Next, the frame frames are placed on the frame (item a in the next figure), aligned vertically, along the contours, and the keel beam, stem (see below), fender beam and stringers are attached. After this, the body set is closed with a flat strip (pos. b). The purpose of the malkovka is, firstly, to create cuts in the keel beam, along which it will be planed to a given deadrise; secondly, check whether a section of double curvature has been tucked in somewhere, etc. trim the bottom edges of the floortimbers. Then the skin is applied, starting from the keel (below in the figure). After this, the body is removed from the frame, completed and equipped.

Note: Some amateurs, after the fry, are hacking against the rules of shipbuilding, removing the cutting of the skin from the milled set onto sheets of packaging cardboard. Then there is no need to suffer with geometry according to a theoretical drawing, and the boats float.

Nose

Forteven is the most loaded and important part of the hull set. One of the immutable rules of navigation safety says: if danger cannot be avoided, it must be taken on board. Therefore, the manufacture of a boat stem should be taken with full responsibility.

The designs of boat stems are shown in Fig. Waterstop plugs made of solid, non-rotting wood prevent water from seeping into the housing. In terms of reliability, all these designs are approximately the same. A stem with a false bow is used in cartop boats with a narrow stem.

In rough seas and when hitting obstacles, the stem experiences large dynamic loads that tend to push the hull apart, so it is reinforced with a bridge insert. Amateur shipbuilders often neglect it or do not even know what it is; This is one of the significant reasons that homemade boats last much less than the terms stated in the projects.

Stern

Another rather important part of the set, especially for a boat designed for a motor, is the transom. Transom design for motors up to 10-12 hp. is given in Fig. on right. The total thickness of the transom, with reinforcement, is from 40 mm. Perhaps more: the mounting clamps on some outboard motors do not converge by less than 50-60 mm.

Unsinkability

A radical way to avoid the serious consequences of accidents on the water is an unsinkable boat. It is quite easy to make an undecked vessel with a displacement of up to 0.5 tons unsinkable: they are glued under the cans and along the sides from the inside. foam blocks; then, in the bow and stern, you can fence off the corresponding. forepeak and afterpeak and fill them with foam. Volume of unsinkable blocks in cubic meters. m is calculated by the formula V=1.2W(1+ρ), where W is the displacement in tons, 1 is the density of fresh water, ρ is the mass density of the foam. For example, if ρ=0.08 tf/cubic. m, then for a boat with a displacement of 0.25 tons you will need 0.324 cubic meters. m or 324 cu.m. dm foam plastic. It seems like a lot, but in a dinghy boat 3 m long, such a quantity can be accommodated without any noticeable deterioration in habitability.

Supply

The minimum set of mandatory equipment for a pleasure and fishing boat consists of oars, life jackets according to human capacity, an anchor on a chain or cable, a mooring line and, in case of sailing in the dark, a white bow or masthead (on the mast) all-round visibility navigation light. The latter is often neglected, which is unforgivable in our time: now there are autonomous LED lights the size of a child's fist with a built-in solar battery and battery. The anchor from this set deserves special attention.

Anchor

Joseph Conrad called anchors “honest pieces of iron,” and no wonder: an anchor may be the last chance to save the ship and the people on it. Small vessels are most often equipped with grapple anchors, but this is far from best option. First, cats often get stuck on rocks. There are grapple anchors on sale with legs that fold back during a sharp jerk, but they are unreliable: the vessel can spontaneously unmoor just when it needs to be firmly held on. Secondly, the cat, like the classic Admiralty anchor, becomes dangerous in shallow water: the ship can sit with its bottom on the arm of the anchor sticking up.

For small vessels, Hall and Matrosov anchors and lightweight Trident anchors with increased holding power are also produced. They are quite expensive, but you can’t make them yourself; you need cast parts. You can make a Kurbatov welded anchor yourself (see figure), it is suitable for boats up to 5 m long. If it is impossible or undesirable to weight the anchor with a chain, on rocky soils a weight is lowered to it along a cable on a pin (thin cable or thick fishing line). pig of 2-3 kg.

What if Kurbatov's anchor gets stuck in the rocks; the pig needs to be lifted before it can be freed. The anchor, which is completely stuck, is released with a strong sharp tug on the cable. In this case, parts 4 and 8 may be damaged, but in most cases they can be corrected right there with the help of a hammer and pliers.

About securing the anchor

During manufacturing, you need to insert an eye into the butt of the anchor - a steel ring that dangles freely in it. The eye is also supplied with the cud-tack - the attachment point for the anchor cable/chain to the hull of the vessel. Eyelets greatly reduce wear on the cable/chain and the likelihood of sudden breakage.

The chewing tack is attached to the outside of the stem. You need to attach the chewing tack lower, above the waterline. In this case, the boat at anchor will be able to play better on the wave, not bury its nose in the water during waves, and the likelihood of the anchor getting stuck is much reduced.

Examples of projects

There are enough good projects of cartop boats, dinghies and skiffs in RuNet and in general on the Internet. Therefore, we will focus on more spacious boat designs.

Scythian

The appearance, data and design of the skiff boat developed by D. A. Kurbatov, suitable for transportation on the top trunk of a passenger car, are given in Fig. Its distinctive feature is extreme cheapness: the main material is boards, and the bottom is small, i.e. monkeys. If you choose the right boards for the bottom (highlighted in red in the next figure), then the plank bottom will be quite reliable. Moreover, these days the seams between the boards can be caulked with construction deformation cord (used to seal cracks in concrete) and silicone sealant. Of course, the bottom of this boat can also be made of plywood, then its weight will be reduced to 70-80 kg.

On the trail. rice. Drawings of the parts of this boat are given and a method of assembling it is shown, which is also very economical: on a simplified slipway using templates. Under the motor, the transom is strengthened as described above.

Next in Fig. the sailing rig of this boat and drawings of the oars for it are shown. The sail is a rack sail (emphasis on the “o”), you can learn how to handle it in half an hour or an hour, without knowing any theory at all. But – don’t set this sail in a fresh and stronger wind! The CPU of a rack sail is significantly higher, it heels the boat more, and it is a punt!

As for the oars, it is better to make them exactly according to the drawing. Scythian boats move very easily without oars, so to save the rower’s muscular effort great importance acquire the configuration of the oars and the profile of their blades.

About the iron day

Skiff boats are sometimes made with a bottom made of galvanized iron. Firstly, such a boat with plywood sides weighs only approx. 50 kg or less, i.e. you can move it any way you want alone. Secondly, a boat with a steel bottom turns out to be much more durable in reservoirs with an acidic water reaction, of which there are more than enough in the Russian Federation: ions of even very weak acids spoil the glue and protective coatings. Homemade boats with a steel bottom have one disadvantage: it is useless to submit them for inspection for the purpose of registration, and they will not be examined.

Dory

The same author also developed a design for a dory sailing boat made of plywood, see figure; According to the table of plaza ordinates, the sheathing is cut, but, see above. In shallow sea waters with a short, steep “angry” wave (Azov, the north of the Caspian Sea, the Marquis Puddle in the Baltic), this boat showed itself better than a sea dinghy or an Azov longboat.

Below in Fig. a structural drawing of the boat is given, the method of its construction on a slipway, the design of the stem and the method of inserting the longitudinal parts of the kit are shown. Wood must be of high quality, without knots or defects, because... wooden parts sets are prestressed during assembly.

On the trail. Figure shows drawings of the dory's sailing rig. Since a dory can be sailed in quite strong winds, provision is made for taking one reef on the sail. Observe the specified dimensions exactly: dory boats are very critical to the relative position of the CPU and central nervous system!

Finally

After swimming, especially in cool weather, you want, need and benefit from eating and sipping something hot. Not intoxicating, on the water you must follow the dry law. Therefore, in conclusion, we provide drawings of a stove - a boat and yacht stove, which can also be useful at the dacha, picnic and in general on the farm.

vopros-remont.ru

We make a small-sized watercraft

Note. We will not consider a specific design, for example, do-it-yourself drawings of a folding plywood boat.
Our goal is to tell you about the general principles and methods of making small watercraft.

Required materials and tools

Plywood selection:

• to make a boat from plywood with your own hands, you will naturally need this same plywood, only of different thicknesses;
• for the hull you will need a sheet thickness of 5 mm, but for the keel and frame you will need 10-15 mm of thickness (select the length of the panel depending on the length of the hull);
• as you understand, high-quality products are needed here, therefore, you will have to choose either elite E or 1st grade for work - the price, of course, will be higher, but the quality will rise along with it;
• In addition, the impregnation of wood veneer is important, on which the waterproofness and strength of plywood depends - the best brands here can be called FSF or FSF-TV (flammable), FB and BS (aviation - also used in shipbuilding).

Solid wood:

• to decorate the sides, install seats and arrange spacers inside the boat hull, you will need solid wood;
• An edged board made of pine is best suited for this purpose - it is lighter than larch, but due to its resin content, it tolerates wetness well.

Suture material:

• to tighten the body and connect other parts into a solid structure, you will need suture material;
• for this you can use thin knitting steel or copper wire, thick nylon fishing line or plastic clamps.

Sealing:

• in order to prevent the boat from leaking, all seams need to be sealed with water-repellent glue - there are a lot of them on sale at the moment;
• as practice shows, compositions based on polymer resins are best suited for this purpose;
• To seal seams, fiberglass is also used - a tape made from it is placed on the glue along the joint;
• You can also use fiberglass for this purpose, covering the sides and bottom with it;
• to protect against swelling, water-repellent varnishes and adhesives are used, impregnating the body and jumpers with them - for this you can, for example, use bakelite varnish or glue;
• In addition to impregnation, you will also need polymer paint, which will complement moisture resistance and decorate your boat.

Tools:

• to make a boat with your own hands from plywood, you will, of course, need tools and, first of all, a circular saw and/or an electric jigsaw (a hacksaw will also come in handy);
• a set of hand carpentry tools in the form of a hammer, chisels, pliers, etc.;
• disc or belt sanding machine;
• tape or steel clamps;
• paint brushes for applying impregnations and paints and varnishes.

Select a drawing

Important!
Before you start assembling, find the drawings that are suitable for your case - how to make a boat from plywood with your own hands, it could be a flat-bottomed fishing boat that you will use on weekends or a kayak for hiking during your vacation.
But if you are already experienced in “shipbuilding”, then you can try to draw such a project yourself, but here it is very important to calculate the carrying capacity so that the watercraft does not capsize during operation.

So, if you know specifically for what purpose you need a boat, then you can search in specialized literature, magazines, the Internet, or draw up a drawing yourself for making a boat from plywood with your own hands, which will suit you best. When the choice is made, do not rush to immediately draw the outlines of the part on plywood or board - first make paper templates of all the parts in accordance with the dimensions of the project you have chosen.

Of course, it is best if you use solid material to make parts, but, unfortunately, it is not always possible to choose a sheet of the required length. Then the two blanks are glued together, as shown in the top image. The main requirement for forming a joint is that the length of the oblique cut be approximately 7-10 times greater than the thickness of the workpiece.

For example, if this is a side part and you are using 5 mm thick plywood there, then the cut length should be from 35 mm to 50 mm. To make the connection strong, it is smeared with glue and clamped with clamps for the period of final hardening of the composition you are using (the manufacturer always provides instructions indicating the hardening time).

While the connected blanks are drying, you can start preparing wooden blocks from which, according to your drawing, the frame of the future watercraft will be made.

Recommendation. It should be noted that it is very inconvenient to assemble plywood boat projects with your own hands on the floor or on the ground.
Therefore, to make assembly easier, you can make the sawhorse 60-80 cm high (depending on your height).
For this design, 50x50 mm bars are suitable.

Assembling the body

We will assume that you have already cut out the paper templates and now transfer them to wood - plywood and boards. To prevent the template from moving when tracing the contours, you can fix it with buttons or even with office glue, which you can then wash off or clean with sandpaper.

Please note that the maximum tolerance for dimensional error can be no more than a millimeter in one direction or the other. Otherwise, the details simply won't fit.

Cut out the parts with a hacksaw, circular saw or jigsaw, and then glue the transom parts and frames to obtain the desired thickness and strength. You will likely notice that the glued parts have an unusually large mass, but this is not significant for the project as a whole.

If you plan to use a motor for the boat, then the transom stern should be reinforced with fiberglass, and the edges should be boarded with hard wood, for example, larch.

Recommendation. To increase the strength of the joints of transoms and frames, the joints can be reinforced with self-tapping screws with an anti-corrosion coating.
But the length of the screw should be such that it cannot pierce the part through, that is, it should be a little shorter.

Now install the transom on the trestles and begin to attach to it the prepared parts for the sides and bottom, which are brought together in one place on the bow of the boat. Fastening the parts, as you already understood, is done using your suture material. It is very important that all the joints fit together, and if you cut them correctly, then there should be no problems.

In this case, used for gluing seams epoxy resin and silicon dioxide in a ratio of 1/1, with the consistency of thick sour cream. Corner joints are reinforced with fillets in the form of a triangular profile.

After the seams, sealed with fiberglass inside and outside, have dried, we insert and glue the frames (the glue remains the same). If the width of the boat is large, then the connection of the frames can be reinforced with overlapping fiberglass strips.

After this, we lay flooring from boards on the bottom of the boat, and also install rowlocks and seats. In cases where the do-it-yourself plywood boat pattern drawings on a watercraft provide for a cockpit or a cover to create a niche in the bow, then this part is fixed with glue or self-tapping screws to the sides and frames.

Now you need to wait until the entire assembled structure is completely dry. After which the boat is turned upside down (on trestles or placed on the ground) and the entire surface is sanded from the outside using a disk or belt sander.

By the way, the seams on the outside are sealed with fiberglass cloth after sanding the wooden surface. And, although this type of work has already been mentioned, it is performed in advance only on sanded plywood of the Sh1 or Sh2 type.

Now you can begin impregnation and painting work. Targeted preparations for marine and river structures from the company Tikkurila are quite suitable for impregnation. The entire surface is puttied with a special primer, so that the seams are not visible. After this, you can paint the boat in the color you like.

Conclusion

If you are punctual, that is, you strictly adhere to the dimensions specified in the project, then everything should work out for you. If you have any thematic questions, you can write to us about it in the comments.

rubankom.com

Dimensions and drawings

The first thing to do is decide on the size of the boat. We will make a boat 3000 mm long, 1400 mm wide and 500 mm high.
Let's decide on the length of the frame base. To do this, we need to know the length of the boat, two angles a and b, and the height of the boat.

We know the length and height - 3000mm and 500mm. Angle a - 100, angle b - 120.

Knowing these values, we calculate the length of the frame base.

L=3000-(h*tg(a-90)+h*tg(b-90))=2623, where h is the height of the boat

Now let's find the length of the bow and transom. Since they are inclined, their length will be greater than the height of the boat.

Transom L= √(〖(h*tg(a-90))〗^2+h^2)=508

Nose L= √(〖(h*tg(b-90))〗^2+h^2)=577

You need to decide on the width of the bottom. Let's take half the width of the boat - 700 mm. The lower transom width will be 10% smaller, i.e. 630 mm. The boat reaches its maximum width 1/3 from the transom.

In our case, the maximum width will be at a distance of 1000 mm from the end of the boat. Thus, we transform the beam so that the maximum bend is at the point 1/3 * the length of the boat from the transom.

The length of the plywood for the side will be equal to the length of the transformed beams (upper and lower, respectively). The width will be equal to the length of the bow on one side and the length of the transom on the other.

Other sizes depend on the situation.

Boat frame

The basis will be timber 50*50*2523 mm. We screw a 50*50*630 mm transom to it on one side, at an angle of 90 degrees. We screw the deformed beams from the ends of the transom to the bow (the maximum convexity of the beam is 1000 mm from the transom).

We make 6 equally spaced cuts along the entire base (from the bottom side). The dimensions of the cutouts are 50*25 mm. We insert 6 beams 25*25 mm along the cutouts. We attach them to the base and side beams. The lower part of the frame is ready.

We screw on the bow and transom. Between the bow and the transom we again attach the deformed beams, but now along the top. The distance between the side beams is 500 mm in height and 350 mm in width. In fact, our sides are located at an angle to the base (an angle of approximately 120 degrees at the point of maximum convexity).

Making a frame for the sides

Note. Pay attention to how the beams are screwed: from the edge of the top to the edge of the bottom beam. It is important!
For this we use 25*25 mm timber.

Frame covering

We fasten the plywood to the beams with self-tapping screws 20 mm long. First we attach the sides. The plywood should fit snugly to the frame.

samodelkifish.ru

DIY boat made of plywood

A small watercraft that can carry 2-3 anglers on board, and is not heavy, can easily be made from plywood, as one of the most affordable building materials. Moreover, the boat can move both with the help of oars and with the help of a boat motor or sail. This does not require special professional training, which is quite feasible even for beginners.

Plywood is a strong enough material to build a small boat, not to mention expensive yachts, where plywood is also widely used in their manufacture. In addition, it is easy to process using electrical or manual tools.

In addition, if you install a motor on such a boat, it can develop a respectable speed with good performance characteristics. In addition, a plywood boat is much more reliable than an inflatable boat.

Materials and tools

Firstly, you will have to select an appropriately sized room where the boat could freely fit. It is advisable that the room be heated, since all work can take place in winter. In the summer, it’s unlikely that anyone will start building a boat: in the summer you already need to sail on it. Moreover, the room must be ventilated, with the ability to maintain optimal temperature conditions. Since you will have to work with wood, the humidity must be optimal.

To draw a diagram, you need to have:

• drawing supplies;
• pencils;
• elastic bands;
• patterns;
• rulers and triangles;
• line;
• cardboard and drawing paper;
• paper glue;
• calculator.

At the construction stage you will need:

• jigsaw;
• hammer;
• axe;
• clamps (up to 10 pieces, no less);
• brushes, spatulas (metal and rubber);
• screwdriver;
• electric and manual plane;
• screwdrivers;
• chisels;
• stapler;
• circular and hand saw.

Materials for manufacturing can be:

• plywood (sheet 1.5x1.5 meters), thickness 4-5 mm;
• pine or oak boards;
• fiberglass for covering the boat hull;
• putty for filling cracks;
• waterproof glue;
• drying oil or water-repellent impregnation for wood;
• oil paint or waterproof enamel;
• nails, screws, self-tapping screws;
• metal strip, metal for various fasteners.

Main dimensions of the boat

If you use plywood with a thickness of 5 mm, then its optimal dimensions will be:

1. The total length of the craft is 4.5 meters.
2. The width of the craft (at its widest point) is 1.05 m.
3. The depth of the boat is 0.4 meters.

What is the boat made of?

The boat consists of a key element - the keel, which serves as the base and to which other elements of the boat are attached. The bow of the boat is called the stem and with reverse side there is a sternpost. With the help of these components, the boat is given longitudinal rigidity. Such structural parts can be made from a single piece of wood or individual components connected by gluing, as well as nailed or twisted with screws.

The shape of the body is determined by the presence of transverse power elements, which are called frames. The planks connected to the frames, stem and stern post form the sides of the boat.

If you cover this frame with plywood, you will get a boat. A deck is laid inside the boat, which is the lower deck, to protect the bottom of the boat.

Plywood boats for motors

Motor boats are not particularly different in their design considerations compared to boats designed to be propelled by oars or sail. The only difference is in the organization of the place for mounting the engine. As a rule, a transom board is attached to the stern, where the outboard motor is installed.

Certain designs of small vessels are equipped with other elements, such as a cockpit, deck stringers, side stringers, etc. To improve stability and unsinkability, special gaps are provided in the craft, which are filled polyurethane foam. This approach eliminates the possibility of flooding the boat if it capsizes.

Working drawings of the boat

All work on building a boat begins with drawings, which must be drawn up professionally. If this cannot be done, then you can turn to the Internet for help, where you can find ready-made drawings. The main thing is that they correspond to the basic imaginations. But even here you need to be careful not to miss the main stages of assembling the boat and making additional components.

As a rule, most drawings are drawn on graph paper. This will make it possible to calculate in detail all the structural components.

A large sketch of the drawing can be drawn using the following algorithm:

• A line is drawn that conditionally divides the boat into two parts. This takes into account the fact that the two parts, left and right, must be symmetrical and absolutely identical.
• The drawn line is divided into several equal segments. Subsequently, frames will be installed in these areas.
• Both a vertical display and a top projection are drawn.
• The shapes of the frames are drawn using the transverse marks.
• The main dimensions of all components are checked to scale.
• The shape of the frames is drawn on a scale of 1:1 on cardboard or thick paper.
• Flexible lines of the boat shape are drawn using a ruler or pattern.

The resulting drawing is folded along the drawn line to check for symmetry. Both parts must flawlessly repeat each other.

Transferring a design to a wooden piece

After once again checking the drawings for correctness, they are transferred to cardboard. Thick and rigid paper will make it easier to transfer the drawings to the workpieces. The drawing is transferred to the workpiece, taking into account all the contours and contours exactly as it was drawn, without all kinds of overlaps, reductions and increases in size.

When copying designs, take into account the direction of the wood grain. In this case, it all depends on the design of the boat elements. If the element is made of plywood, then the layers of plywood themselves are arranged in such a way that the fibers of each subsequent layer are perpendicular to the previous layer.

As for making futoxas, they can be made larger in height, since they can then be trimmed.

Technological stages of production

To build a plywood boat with your own hands, you need to follow these steps:

• transfer the drawing to the template;
• transfer drawings from templates to wood;
• install the keel and secure the stem;
• secure the frames;
• secure the sternpost and transom board (for the motor);
• cover the bottom with plywood;
• trim the sides;
• seal joints and stringers;
• putty and paint the boat hull.

Boat hull

The frame of the boat and its hull are assembled from prepared parts. The assembly process must be carried out carefully and carefully, in all planes.

The frames are first pre-attached to the keel and only after the next inspection are they finally secured. Moreover, the fastening must be reliable, since the boat will have to be turned over before covering it with plywood.

Assembling the inner contour of the futox

The strength of the structure, including the sides, depends on how securely the footoxes are fastened. Footoxes are integral part frame design, which consists of floortimber and two futox.

Floor timber is the lower part of the frame, which is designed to be attached to the keel. Futoxes are the side parts of the frames to which the sides of the boat are attached. The places where the futox and flortimber are attached are structurally made somewhat wider, which increases the stability of the entire structure. This is especially important for watercraft where engines will be installed, which increase the load on the structure in general and during movement in particular.

Material for stem

The stem has a complex shape, which is due to the loads acting on it during the movement of the boat. One of the most suitable materials oak can be used to make it, but, in extreme cases, elm can also be used.

You will be lucky if you can find a piece of suitable wood that has a natural bend. If this is not possible, then the stem can be made from individual elements using the gluing method. If you want to have a solid structure, then you need to take an ax and other tools and cut it out according to the shape of the boat.

Keel design

The keel is the simplest component of the boat design, and is a typical board, 25-30 mm thick and 3.5 m long.

Side boards

To do this, choose healthy, smooth and knot-free boards, 150 mm wide and up to 5 m long.

Making a transom

The transom is intended for mounting a boat motor. The transom board should be 25 mm thick. If plywood is used, it is better to glue several layers together so that you end up with a suitable thickness (20-25 mm). The base for mounting the motor must be rigid, so its thickness should not be less than 20 mm. If necessary, the transom board is reinforced on top with a wooden block. In this case, it all depends on the method of mounting the outboard motor.

Making a boat frame

The frame is assembled in the following sequence:

• the keel is installed;
• stems are installed;
• the installation locations of the frames are marked;
• installation of frames;
• fastening frames, stems and transom to the side boards;
• checking the correct installation of all elements before their final fastening;
• It is advisable to treat the joints of structural elements with a waterproof compound or drying oil.

Sheathing a boat with plywood

According to the working drawing, blanks are cut out of plywood for sheathing the boat's hull.

Subsequently:

• the frame of the boat capsizes upside down;
• all surfaces of the keel and frames are treated with emery cloth and made absolutely smooth;
• the parts of the bottom of the boat are installed in their place and secured with a stapler, after which the fastening points are pierced with nails;
• The side skin elements are first tried on, and then fastened in the same way as when fastening the bottom;
• When gluing workpieces, you should pay attention to the direction of the fibers of the outer layer of plywood. They should be located along, not across, the boat.

Working with glue

Work with glue is aimed at obtaining robust construction, and if necessary, fill seams or cracks with it. When working with plywood, all joints between the workpiece and the keel and frames are glued. After punching with nails, the areas connecting the plywood with the load-bearing elements are filled with glue if they do not fit tightly.

To improve the strength and performance of the craft, the plywood sheathing is covered with fiberglass. Similar protection wooden structure increases the durability of the boat. The fiberglass fabric is evenly distributed along the plane of the skin, while folds or the appearance of bubbles are not desirable, which indicates poor quality of work. The fabric is glued from the keel, towards the side boards.

Painting

As soon as the surface of the boat has dried well, proceed to the next stage - puttying and painting. Ready-made putty mixtures on an artificial basis are ideal. The boat is painted in two stages: first, a primer layer is applied, and then one or two layers of paint.