How to insulate a pitched roof in a private house. DIY pitched roof: drawing and step-by-step installation instructions. Internal insulation technology

A pitched roof is one of the simplest roofing structures that you can build with your own hands. Construction one pitched roof personally will significantly reduce costs. This option is perfect for the construction of utility buildings or country houses.

Advantages and disadvantages of pitched roofs

Shed roofs are subject to less wind loads, since their windage is reduced, and roofing coverings can be made of all kinds of materials. Also, when constructing such a simple roofing structure, there is no need to use lifting equipment, because many elements can be easily installed manually.

But, despite the simplicity of the construction process pitched roof, there is also negative points.
Such a roof with small slope angles will be subject to snow loads. Also, this design eliminates the possibility of arranging an attic, and its appearance loses compared to other types of roofing. Let's figure out how to build a pitched roof.

Construction of the rafter system

The main difference load-bearing frame What makes a roof like this great is its simplicity. Rafters and other elements are made from dried high-quality wood, treated with an antiseptic. Calculation for bearing capacity helps to determine the sections of parts. This stage is best left to professional builders.

Rafters are often supported on two walls of different heights. It is best if the smaller wall is located on the side of the prevailing winds - this will help reduce the wind load.

If the height of the walls in the building is the same, then it is worth forming a slope using racks, and sewing up the front with a suitable material.

It is advisable to immediately post and side walls or perform them in the same way as the front part using cladding and a supporting frame.

If the walls are brick, then before installing the roof you need to take care of laying the Mauerlat, because it is on it that the edges will rest rafter leg. To make it you will need solid timber section 150x150 mm.

To erect a pitched roof on a log building, sliding fasteners for rafters are used, which help compensate for thrust loads.
The rafters are attached to the mauerlat with notches, the elements are additionally connected with construction brackets.

Insulation of a pitched roof

With suitable weather conditions It is better to insulate the roof from the outside, since most materials are quite difficult to install from the inside.

To insulate a pitched roof, fiberglass-based rolls, polystyrene foam, and mats are often used. basalt wool, liquid polyurethane foam, local loose materials (sawdust, expanded clay, slag).

The sequence of insulating the roof from the outside is as follows.

The rafters are hemmed from below with plywood, wood or other similar material, which serves as the basis for the insulation layer. Then a layer of vapor barrier is laid on it, which should lie perfectly, like a continuous carpet. When laying, you need to pay attention to which side it is laid, since the vapor barrier only works in one direction.

A layer of waterproofing membrane is applied over the rafters, which protects the insulation from getting wet. Afterwards, a block of at least 20 mm in height is placed on the rafter legs, which forms ventilation gap between waterproofing and roofing.

Laying roofing and sheathing

First of all, you need to decide on the choice of roofing covering, on which many technological aspects depend. Each material has its own slope angle at which its functionality is best.

In addition, the sheathing under different coatings its own is required and it is performed with different steps from different materials.

From edged boards, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards You can make a continuous sheathing. This design is used for flexible tiles, metal profile and ondulin at slight angles of inclination.

The sparse lathing is made of bars and boards, the thickness of which must be at least 30 mm. The installation pitch can reach 50-70 mm and is determined by the type of roofing.

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An inevitable issue when building a house is the choice of roof type. Building a pitched roof with your own hands is the easiest option for arranging a roof. A design of this type will require a minimum amount of materials and effort. Let's understand how to do it.

Shed roof project

A pitched roof is the simplest structure to construct. various types buildings. The construction of such a roof involves minimizing the area that will be affected by dynamic forces. Therefore, the slope of such a roof often does not exceed 25 degrees.

Such roofs have a number of advantages, but they have only two disadvantages:

inability to organize living space directly under the roof;
the appearance is much worse than other types of roof.

Building a pitched roof with your own hands should not cause problems, especially if the owner of the house and the developer have it on hand. First you need to prepare the wood for the rafters, beams and sheathing. It is recommended to cover such a roof with slate, ondulin, ceramic tiles or metal tiles.

Of the materials presented above, the most economical is slate. Except great price, such a roof will cope well with frost and moisture, without being subject to mechanical stress and the influence of ultraviolet radiation (read also: ""). However, the choice is not always determined by economy. Therefore, the owner is free to choose suitable material, which will fully satisfy his needs.

How to build a pitched roof with your own hands

The construction of a pitched roof consists of several stages:

However, in the above, we deliberately omitted the thermal insulation of the roof, since it deserves a closer look.

Insulation of a house with a pitched roof

Currently on the market building materials A choice of much higher quality insulation materials is available. The most common means of protecting a pitched roof is URSA.

This material allows you to equip a high-quality roof at minimal cost, while the efficiency of such insulation is extremely high. The main thing that needs to be kept in mind is the strictness of the order in which the heat insulator is laid.

It is imperative to lay hydro- and vapor barrier films under the thermal insulation layer. Their main task is to ensure dryness and proper ventilation in the under-roof space, protection from moisture and condensation. In addition to individual materials, you can use the URSA variety, which is coated with metal foil on the underside. This layer perfectly copes with protective functions and allows you to protect the thermal insulation from moisture penetration.

Thermal insulation is laid directly under the roof slope. This is especially true for rooms that will be finished with plasterboard or stretch ceilings. Also, thermal insulation is simply necessary if the attic is to be residential. To provide High Quality For the resulting roof, it is necessary to organize good ventilation between the ceiling and the heat insulation layer. If the work is carried out correctly, the attic will always be dry.

If the space under the roof will be used not just as a storage room, but as a full-fledged living room, then foam insulation can be recommended for thermal insulation. He is being protected vapor barrier film at both sides. A pitched roof with slope angles less than 25 degrees requires the organization of additional ventilation holes. Before that, you should pay attention to this Special attention in the event that you plan to create skylights.

It is important to calculate a pitched roof taking into account its angle of inclination. The larger it is, the greater the density of the insulation should be. In areas of horizontal ceilings, thermal insulation materials with minimal density values are used. Between the attic and living rooms it is also necessary to organize a layer of vapor and waterproofing. The shed roof of an extension is often installed without a layer of thermal insulation, since in this case the attic is used for storing household goods. items or is not organized at all (read: “calculation of materials for the roof is carried out. Based on their size, the appropriate materials for the supporting structure and the number of support beams are selected. The shed roof is fastened according to the technology of the selected roofing material.

Roofs with one slope are very beneficial from the point of view of heat conservation, since the attic of this design gives less space to move cold air masses.

A pitched roof does have this obvious advantage, but only under one condition: correct execution insulation works.

Previously, roofs with one slope were insulated using clay concrete or cement-bonded slag. These two materials are not very beneficial in terms of heat retention.

Currently, combined materials based on insulating boards, basalt mats, glass wool or fiberglass blocks are widely used. Such insulation has proven itself with best side Moreover, it is very economically profitable.

Basic material requirements

A high-quality insulation material must have some necessary qualities:

2. The insulation must be moisture resistant. If it allows moisture to pass through, it will become saturated with it over time, and the entire structure may collapse. In addition, when exposed to moisture, the material loses more than half technical characteristics and simply becomes ineffective.

3. It is necessary to take into account the thermal conductivity coefficient: the indicator should be low - approximately about 0.05 W per square meter. meter.

4. Should choose environmentally clean materials, especially when insulating the roofs of residential buildings.

5. It is also necessary to take into account such qualities as fire safety, flammability, self-extinguishing.

6. The insulation must be completed in such a way that it fits tightly to the surface.

7. A very important quality is resistance to change. temperature regime And sharp fluctuations temperature. The length of the service life largely depends on it.

8. The service life is determined by several factors, including high-quality installation and the specific type of material.

Fiberglass, mineral wool, polyurethane foam, extruded polystyrene foam, and basalt wool are suitable for insulating a pitched roof.

They meet all the basic requirements for insulation quality.

Sometimes natural materials are used: straw, linen insulation, seaweed, etc.

However, they are not durable, and some varieties are quite expensive.

Insulation of a pitched roof

As you know, a pitched roof is the easiest to install, operate, and further maintain. It is based on a frame system based on wooden beams specific section, which rest on the Mauerlat.

The insulation of the roof must be taken care of already at the stage of its installation. In this case, the insulation becomes integral part roofing pie and reliably protects interior spaces from penetration of cold in winter and overheating in hot weather. It also prevents condensation from forming during sudden changes in temperature and humidity levels.

Materials and tools

Required for work:

insulation that meets the requirements;
vapor barrier;
waterproofing;
construction buttons, nails;
tools (carpentry);
adhesive tape.

Work order

As a rule, a spacing of approximately 60 cm is maintained between wooden rafters, since standard width insulation in mats or rolls is 61 cm. The purpose of the technological reserve is to fit the fabric tightly into the free space between the beams and prevent the formation of gaps.

First, a vapor barrier layer is fixed on the inside between the rafters. To do this, use construction buttons or brackets.
The vapor barrier layers must be completely sealed. For this purpose, all joints must be glued using adhesive tape. From the inside, the vapor barrier layer is completely protected by any type of finishing: fiberboard, clapboard, finishing panels, plasterboard.
WITH outside insulation material (mineral wool, fiberglass, etc.) is laid at least 15 cm thick. If the material needs to be cut, a special one is used for this construction knife. During installation, it is necessary to ensure that the joints of the material fit very tightly.
Layer edges thermal insulation material and the vertical surface of the outer part of the walls must coincide. To limit the insulation, a board is used: it must be nailed between the rafters. To protect the insulation on all sides, the top edge of the board should be flush with the rafters.

Features of insulation technology

If the base of the roof is reinforced concrete slabs (they are used, for example, when constructing a garage roof), thermal insulation must be made from the outside. To do this, foam plastic is used, and a concrete screed is laid on top.

The technology requires preliminary carrying out the necessary preparatory work. The slabs should be cleaned of dirt, dust, and various deposits.

The joints located between the slabs are sealed using high-strength polyurethane foam or caulked with fiberglass. The surface prepared in this way is covered with high-strength foam. Thermal insulation material is laid in two layers, staggered and overlapping. It is better to secure the insulation boards together using construction film.

Waterproofing is laid on top of the insulation layer. Ordinary roofing felt or roofing film is perfect for this - as per quality characteristics, and in terms of price. Installation is carried out on the finished layer concrete screed with special plastic additives or reinforcement. To avoid cracking of the coating in the future, concrete composition it is necessary to add special frost-resistant solutions.

Internal insulation technology

To properly insulate the roof from the inside, it is necessary to lay three layers:

waterproofing;
thermal insulation;
vapor barrier.

Such a “pie” must be created both in the case when the base is reinforced concrete slabs, and in the presence beam structure made of wood.

To create a water barrier, a special material is used, which is laid on top of the rafter legs.

This is necessary when the height of the rafter leg is greater than the thickness of the thermal insulation.

If the thickness of the material for thermal insulation and the height of the rafter leg are equal, the film is laid on the top of the bars used to extend the rafters.

Installation of waterproofing is carried out across the slopes, with an overlap of 10 cm. At least a 50 mm gap is maintained between the roof and the waterproofing layer. For this purpose, bars with a cross section of 50 x 50 mm should be prepared in advance.

After unpacking the thermal insulation mats, they should be left for some time (from 15 to 25 minutes) to restore their dimensions. To speed up the process, you can shake the insulation material.

In the case where the required width of the insulation is previously known, it must be taken into account at the project development stage. Mats measuring 1.2 meters can be laid in two layers with a distance between rafters of 0.6 meters. In all other cases they must be cut.
After restoring the size of the insulation, it is cut and, in accordance with the drawn up project, placed between the rafters.

It must be taken into account that the material must be installed in spacers. Its width should exceed the distance between adjacent rafters by 3 cm.

In the case where the mats were not cut in accordance with the length of the slope, to ensure reliable insulation of horizontal sections, the length of the overlap will be from 20 to 30 cm.

There must be a gap between the waterproofing film and the insulation layer. For this purpose, conductors based on bars are used.

The last stage of installing a thermal insulation layer is the installation of a vapor barrier. It is necessary to prevent condensation and moisture from penetrating into the hygroscopic insulation, which can lead to dampening of the material and loss of its quality characteristics.

The vapor barrier is located at the bottom of the rafters and is secured using staples or galvanized nails with flat heads. The vapor barrier should be laid with a 10 cm overlap. To ensure the tightness of the canvas, a connection is made using adhesive tape.

In some cases, the underside of the insulating material is equipped with a vapor barrier. In this case, there is no need to install additional layers.

Installation of waterproofing is carried out over a layer of thermal insulation if polypropylene or polyethylene film, which do not allow water vapor to pass through.

Installation of thermal insulation is carried out when breathable membranes are used.

Ventilation of the insulation system is ensured by 1 or 2 gaps.

One hole is made between the waterproofing layer and the roof. It serves to remove atmospheric moisture, which can enter the under-roof space as a result of condensation or leaks.

The second hole is located between the layers of thermal and waterproofing. Its purpose is to remove vapors entering through an insufficiently sealed vapor barrier from the interior.

Review of some insulation materials

Mineral wool

A thermal insulation material consisting of long fibers of inorganic origin that has been melted.

Produced in the form of thermal insulation mats and slabs.

It has low thermal conductivity, a high level of strength in relation to mechanical loads, and high water repellency.
The presence of randomly arranged fibers provides excellent sound insulation qualities.
Mineral wool does not deform when exposed to cold or heat.
It has chemical and biological resistance and is environmentally friendly.
Excellent thermal insulation qualities are ensured by the presence of many air channels and pores. Belongs to the class of non-combustible materials.
Quality characteristics are maintained for more than 10 years.

Ursa

This material has excellent thermal insulation qualities.

Thanks to high level sound insulation is excellent for insulating noisy types of roofs - for example, metal tiles.
The elasticity of the material allows it to achieve a tight fit to the surface, which ensures ideal thermal insulation.
The material is not very dense, so if necessary it can be cut using ordinary scissors.
Its use as insulation makes it possible to significantly reduce financial costs for heating.

Expanded polystyrene

This material occupies a special place among modern insulation materials thanks to its unique heat-insulating and sound-absorbing qualities. However, due to its vapor permeability and flammability, it is not recommended for use on flat soft roofs. The choice of extruded polystyrene foam provides excellent ventilation of the room.

The material is fixed on the inside. The slabs are laid in one layer directly onto the waterproofing. Care must be taken to ensure that the edges fit snugly. The joints are filled with polyurethane foam, and reinforced tape is glued on top.

During the installation process, it is important to monitor the tightness of the edges. The joints between the plates should be filled with polyurethane foam, on top of which reinforced tape should be glued.

CONCLUSIONS:

Due to its characteristics, a pitched roof allows you to retain the maximum amount of heat.
To reduce heat loss, the roof must be insulated according to all the rules.
The main requirements for insulation material are lightness, high thermal insulation qualities, and moisture resistance.
To insulate a pitched roof, glass wool is used, mineral wool, fiberglass, etc.
To carry out the work, it is necessary to prepare tools and materials in advance.
Work must be carried out in strict sequence.
Internal thermal insulation is carried out in the following order: waterproofing - thermal insulation - vapor barrier.
Ventilation gaps are also required.
The modern market provides wide choose insulation for pitched roofs.

For more information about the insulation features of a pitched roof, watch the video.

A pitched roof is not so often used for arranging the roofs of private houses, although both the structure itself and its installation are much simpler than a gable roof. It is believed that this type of roof does not retain heat in the house well enough, therefore, it is more often used in the construction of country houses and barns. However, it should be noted that this structure can be made warm and even arranged under it extra room, if the thermal insulation is installed correctly.

A do-it-yourself pitched roof is made according to previously drawn up drawings made on the basis of calculations. This is especially important in cases where it is planned to make living space underneath.

Main advantages and disadvantages of the design

The advantages of this design include the following:

Saving money on the purchase of building materials.
Simplicity of design, and therefore of installation.
Light weight compared to the gable option - less load is placed on the walls.
High resistance to wind and loads from snow accumulated on the roof.
The structure can be erected in different angular ranges - from 5 to 45º.
A pitched roof, made at a slight angle, allows you to install a hot water tank or solar panels, and also arrange a place to relax.
Such a structure can be covered with any of the existing roofing materials, of course, taking into account the conditions of its operation and the angle of inclination.

Naturally, like any structure, a pitched roof has its drawbacks, which you also need to know when choosing this option:

A roof with one slope requires more serious insulation than one, since there is not such a large space under it, which creates an air gap. Without reliable thermal insulation, the attic space will become very hot in the summer months and cool down in the winter months, in both cases transferring the temperature into the house. However, if you correctly calculate and install all the elements, this drawback can be avoided.
If the ceiling is made immediately under the roof, arranged at a small angle, then the house loses not only the upper air gap, but also the attic, and therefore the opportunity to arrange an additional room - this can be considered the second disadvantage of the design. But, if the attic space is planned a little differently, then this drawback can be overcome.

Another disadvantage of a pitched roof applies only to a structure that has slight slope at 5-10º - this is a poor removal of snow masses from it. So, if there is a large accumulation of snow, the roof will have to be cleared manually or a heated roof system can be made using a heating cable.

Prices for heating cable and components

Heating cable and accessories

Video: small country house with a pitched roof

Calculation of a pitched roof structure

If you decide to install a pitched roof, then first you need to make calculations and make sure they are correct by seeing with your own eyes the preliminary result in the drawing. Only in this case can you get exactly the option that is ideal for a particular building and its residents.

In order to create such a diagram, you will need to determine the following parameters:

The total width of the building and the length of the spans between load-bearing walls.
Estimated slope angle.
Overall roof length.
Desired roofing material.
Height and width of load-bearing walls.

If the roof is planned for a country house or, then it is enough to make the front wall of the building slightly higher than the back one to a certain height in order to increase the slope angle.

— The internal distance between the walls will determine how much the rafters should be strengthened and how many beams will be required.

— Before completing the drawing, it is necessary to decide whether it is planned to arrange a living room in the attic space - the angle of inclination of the slope and the height of the pediment being built will depend on this decision.

— Also, the angle will depend on how much you plan to take out the trump card To to the rooks in front and behind the building.

— In addition, you need to decide on the location of the veranda or terrace, since the roof in front or behind the house may cover it too.

— The above factors directly affect the length, and the total length of the building affects their number.

— The rafters are laid across the building at a distance of 500 to 800 mm from each other. The wider the building, the longer and more massive the rafters should be. Their cross-section varies from 80×150 mm and above. For example, if the rafters are fixed over a span of 6-7 meters, then the cross-sectional size of the rafters must be at least 110x200 mm.

— For the manufacture of rafters, high-quality, well-dried lumber is selected, which does not have cracks and large knots, especially in the areas of their connection with other parts. made from thick boards or timber.

— When the length of the blanks is not enough due to the large width of the structure, they have to be joined. The connection of two parts of the rafters into a single piece is recommended to be placed on support beams or, if they consist of boards, one of them should be located at least 500 mm over the other.

— Sometimes the rafters are even made up of three parts. In this case, the central part of the rafters extends to the outer ones also by a distance of 500 mm.

- To prevent the rafters from sagging over time, they are supported and secured by various elements of the rafter system - struts, crossbars and racks. Such additional details used if the span width exceeds a distance of 5 meters.

The cross-sectional dimensions of these reinforcing elements must be at least 50×100 mm, and for spacers and beds - 100×150 mm.

— With a span length of 12 m, a stand must be installed in the middle of the floor beam, which also serves to support the rafter leg.

— If the length between opposite walls exceeds 12 m, then, in addition to the rack, additional rafter legs are installed - they will give rigidity to the flooring.

— When the distance between the load-bearing walls is 15 meters or more, there must be at least two racks, and each of the rafter legs is installed as close as possible to the middle of the rafter span between the gable wall and support stand. Additionally, in the center of the structure, the racks are fastened together with a screed bar - this distance should be one third of the width of the building.

- Whatever the angle of the pitched roof, the rafters are laid on the roof, fixed to the walls and to the pediment.

The diagrams show options for supports in rafter systems, with spans of different sizes between the walls. You can easily navigate through them when drawing up a design diagram for a specific building.

The roof drawing must contain all the necessary information about all sizes of structural elements and the distances between them. Having such a diagram at hand, it will be easy to use it do work, so the drawing must be drawn up very carefully and accurately.

Calculation of the roof slope angle

It is calculated based on the fact that the roof has the shape of a triangle, in which one angle is always right. This angle is formed by the legs of the floor beams and the pediment part of the structure, and the rafters in this figure play the role of the hypotenuse.

In the presented figure the following are applied symbols:

— Lc- length of the rafter leg;

— Lbc- the height of the pediment from the floor beams to the intersection with the roof plane;

— Lsd– width of the house;

— A– selected or calculated slope angle.

If you remember the basic school course trigonometry and arm yourself with a calculator, it will not be difficult to calculate all the parameters of the future roof, based on the initial values. The width of the building is easy to measure, and the second parameter can be either the desired gable height or the selected roof slope angle.

So, if the width of the building and the planned height of the pediment are taken as a basis, then the angle of the slope can be easily calculated using the formula:

TgA = Lbc : Lсд

If the calculations are based on the selected angle of the roof slope, then the height of the pediment will be equal to:

Lbc =TgA× Lsd

Lc = Lсд : СosA

At the same time, do not forget that the length of the rafters, calculated in this way, is only up to the intersection with the plane of the walls, without taking into account the canopies on the front and rear sides of the building.

The slope of the slope angle is selected depending on certain criteria, one of which is the selected type of roofing material, since for each of them it is recommended to select a certain value or a parameter as close as possible to it, for example:

— Corrugated sheeting requires a slope of at least 8º.

— When using metal tiles, you can make a roof with a slope of 30º.

— For slate, an angle of 20–30° is good.

— For rolled roofing materials, such as roofing felt, as well as other soft roofing, the recommended slope angle is 5-7°, but not less.

If the roof does not have a heating system, and the building is located in a region where winter time there is a large amount of precipitation, then the best option there will be a pitched roof, arranged at an angle of 40-45°, no matter what roofing material it is covered with.

In addition to the above data, you need to understand what types of rafter systems there are.

Types of rafter systems on a pitched roof

When installing a pitched roof, it can be designed in one of three options, the choice of which depends on the type and size of the building:

A hanging system is installed in rare cases when there are no permanent partitions between the main load-bearing walls. When constructing such a roof, for ease of work, a temporary flooring of boards is laid on the floor beams. On this basis, the trusses of the rafter system are assembled. To hanging system was reliable, the parallel walls on which the floor beams will be laid must be brought to the same height. If necessary, this type of construction is used in houses built from any types of materials used in construction.

If a room is planned in the attic, then ventilation is arranged as for a living space.

If the structure will only serve as an attic, then ventilation must be strengthened, since the room will not be heated. In this case, ventilation must function effectively so that moisture does not accumulate here and dampness and mold do not arise, which will eventually appear in the house.

Layered rafter systems are distinguished by the fact that they are installed in buildings with internal capital partitions, which become additional supports for floor beams.

In layered systems, the rafters are installed rigidly on the gable wall, on which installed Mauerlat, and their lower edge may be fixed both rigidly and on sliding fastenings. Brick or stone houses are mainly covered with such shed roof structures.

For structural rigidity, additional spacer elements are installed. There are several systems for installing them, depending on how many should be free space in the attic, the slope angle and the massiveness of the rafters.

The sliding rafter system is used mainly for log cabins, as it avoids deformation of the roof structure if the house shrinks. When installing this type of roof, the rafters are rigidly fixed to the gable wall, on the Mauerlat, and their lower part is attached to the Mauerlat exclusively with sliding fasteners, which, when the walls of the house oscillate, allow the rafters to take a comfortable position.

Installation of a pitched roof

Having specified V all the necessary nuances, having made calculations, drawn up a drawing of the roof and purchased as required for work materials, you can begin to install the structure.

To make the work easier and safer, the structure must be immediately covered with beams attic floor. They are laid on strips of roofing felt waterproofing laid on the walls. The beams are placed at the same distance from each other as the rafters will be installed in the future - it usually ranges from 500 to 800 mm.

Prices for timber

On the rear lower wall of the building, along its entire length, a mauerlat made of massive timber is laid on top of the floor beams.
Next, a flooring of boards should be laid on the beams - it will be safe to walk on it and it will be more convenient to continue the construction of the structure.

The next stage is the construction of the pediment wall; it is built from the same material as the entire building, or from another, lighter one. For example, if the building is built of brick, then the pediment can be raised from bars and boards.
Floor beams, previously covered with waterproofing, are embedded in the wall. The pediment is raised to the height specified in the drawing.
On the gable wall, just like on the opposite wall, the mauerlat beam is fixed.
Next, markings are made on the lower wall, and fasteners are screwed in to install the rafters.
On the rafters, for their rigid fastening, according to the drawing, grooves are cut out with which they will be put on on the Mauerlat on the upper wall and the lower one, if provided.

Then they are secured using special corners and fasteners. On the gable, the rafters are screwed rigidly, while on the lower mauerlat they can be installed in sliding fasteners, depending on the type of structure chosen.

There is a sequence for cutting in rafters: first, the outermost elements of the entire rafter system are installed, then a cord is pulled along them, which will become a level for the remaining parts. Distance betweenrafters must correspond distance between floor beams.
For stability, the installed rafters are connected to the floor beams with racks, struts and other elements discussed above. They are secured with metal brackets and corners, which adds rigidity to the structure.

If it is necessary to extend the rafters beyond the level of the walls, “fillies” are mounted to them

If it was intended to extend the roof to construct a terrace or veranda, then external boards called “fillies” are additionally attached to the rafters.

Video: the process of building a pitched roof

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Rafter fasteners

After completing the installation of the rafter system, it is necessary to move on to insulation measures, since a pitched roof especially needs thermal insulation, even if there is a regular attic under the roof.

Suitable for this , descriptions of which can be found on our website by following the link.

The installation of sheathing under the roof or continuous roof sheathing is carried out taking into account the selected roofing material - each of them has its own technology for such work.

Video: continuous sheathing of a pitched garage roof with boards

Installing any roof is a responsible and labor-intensive process, and due to working at height, it is also quite dangerous. Therefore, without having experience in the construction craft, it is better to entrust the installation to craftsmen who know their business, since an unsuccessfully constructed foundation for the roof threatens that the walls of the house will be subject to deformation.

6 main types of rafter systems

	Name	Rating
#1		⭐ 100 / 100
#2	Hip rafter system	⭐ 100 / 100
#3		⭐ 100 / 100
#4		⭐ 99 / 100
#5		⭐ 99 / 100
#6		⭐ 98 / 100

Gable rafter systems are the most popular for one-story private houses. They look neat, fit well into any style of construction, are reliable and can be used, depending on the angle of their slope, for arranging an attic under living rooms, utility rooms or simply to create an air gap that retains heat in the building.

high reliability;
simplicity of design;
a gable roof with a slope angle of more than 50 degrees is practically not afraid of snow drifts; a large snow cap will not form on it.

for buildings with hip roof pediments are not provided, which greatly reduces the consumption of materials and work for the construction of pediments and filing of overhangs;
a roof of this type has excellent aerodynamic properties, it is not afraid of strong winds, and the design features will prevent precipitation from entering the attic;
the surface of such a roof warms up sun rays from several sides at once, on sunny days the room under an uninsulated roof will be warmer;
The slopes of such a roof are located at a certain angle, which helps drain rainwater and melting snow from the roof.

a hip roof is quite complex to design and construct;
the design of this roof is replete big amount connections, beams and rafters, it is necessary to strictly monitor the reliability of all components and connections in order to avoid loss of rigidity and plane shape during the construction of the roof;
large waste when using most roofing coverings(especially metal tiles).

Attic rafter systems are called broken, which are used in cases where it is planned to attic space arrange a living space, since this design creates the most spacious area for future rooms. Each of the two slopes of the broken rafter system consists of two planes - the top and the side.

additional living space;
an attic is cheaper than building a full second floor or expanding the perimeter of the housing;
appearance of a private house with sloping roof benefits compared to the classic gable roof.

the inability to create a spacious room in the attic, because the height of the walls is limited by the roof;
heat and waterproofing will be carried out using more complex techniques and using special materials;
Dormer windows increase the requirements for roofing and accumulate more snow.

Multi-slope rafter system can be called the most complex of all existing ones, since it often includes different roof shapes - it can be gable and single-pitch, hipped, hip or half-hipped in various combinations. Similar option selected for houses with complex internal layout, and them in last years is getting bigger.

reliable, durable and robust design;
due to the large slope of the roof, the risk of stagnation of melt water and precipitation is reduced to zero;
fits perfectly with any architectural form;
the presence of a balanced rafter system.

complexity of installation work;
arrangement of a large number of valleys;
high consumption of building and roofing materials;
complex care and maintenance of the structure.

Hip roofs have four slopes, with the gable sides having a shallow triangular shape, and the side slopes of the structure being trapezoidal. It is the triangular slope that is called the hip - it joins the trapezoidal plane at a certain angle.

not subject to deformation;
the snow does not linger;
it will perfectly withstand strong winds, for regions where hurricanes and tornadoes are not uncommon - a big plus;
eaves overhangs are less susceptible to damage.

differs in higher cost than gable;
the design turns out to be complex, usually the construction hip roof they trust specialists, which again means additional costs;
arrange an attic for hip roof- the task is complex, often simply unsolvable.

As can be understood from the name, this roof has one slope, located at a slope. If the building is small in size and is entirely built from brick or concrete, then the rafters of the structure are laid on the high load-bearing façade wall and on the low rear wall. If the distance between the façade of the building and the rear wall is six meters or more, then retaining posts are installed between the front and rear walls.

efficiency (almost double savings in lumber and roofing materials compared to a gable roof);
insignificant weight of the roof (makes it possible to erect it on buildings with a lightweight foundation without the use of lifting equipment);
the possibility of installing a pitched roof on large houses;
maintainability (ease of movement on the roof, especially at small angles of inclination);

high dependence on snow loads (requires correct calculations sections of structural elements during design);
enhanced thermal and waterproofing of the roof (important at small angles of inclination);
unsightly appearance, which requires increased attention to quality facade works and the use of modern roofing materials.

The advantages of a pitched roof include simplicity of design and installation, low windage and minimum costs for building materials. Attic space underneath it is of little use as a living space; most often it is used as a storage room.

Insulation of a pitched roof is carried out in order to reduce overall heat losses; work is best carried out at the construction stage.

The roofing pie consists of three layers: hydro-, heat- and vapor barrier; the nuances of installation include the need for gaps, a tight fit of the insulation to the rafters and the choice right side placement of vapor barrier film.

Selection of material, basic requirements

A low-density thermal insulation material is selected that places minimal load on the rafters, with a thermal conductivity coefficient not higher than 0.05 W/m∙°C.

The insulation must withstand changes in temperature, be moisture-resistant, non-flammable, and resistant to biological influences (fungus, mold, rodents).

An important requirement is that the material fits tightly to the rafters and that there are no gaps.

Suitable types of insulation in in this case are:

Mineral wool from basalt rock melts.
Good quality glass wool.
Extruded polystyrene foam.
Liquid polyurethane foam.

The recommended layer thickness is 15-20 cm, the width is selected taking into account the pitch between the rafters (on average 60 cm).
To eliminate cold bridges and quick installation, it is more convenient to use the material in rolls.

The use of foamed polyurethane foam completely eliminates the problem of gaps and cracks. Read the article about its properties.

Most cheap option‒ polystyrene foam does not meet fire safety standards; dense natural insulation materials made from flax and jute are impractical to use due to their high cost.

Backfill bulk materials(expanded clay or perlite) is possible only when the shed roof is insulated from the outside simultaneously with its construction; this method is considered inconvenient and is rarely chosen.

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Work order

The sequence of laying layers depends on the method of insulation: external or internal.

Due to the low slope of a pitched roof, it is advisable to insulate it from the outside; in this case, to lay heat-insulating material, a lathing is attached to the underside of the rafters, on which a vapor barrier is laid in a continuous layer (inside the room).

After installing the insulation, it must be protected from moisture and used roll waterproofing or membrane films.

If the work is carried out indoors, first the waterproofing material is nailed, then the insulation is laid, the last layer vapor protection is in progress.

The installation of each layer has its own nuances and requirements.

Waterproofing

Protection of insulation from external moisture is prerequisite, otherwise it will lose its insulating properties. A gap of 3-5 cm is provided between the roof and waterproofing.

The moisture-proofing membrane sheet or film is laid with a slight deflection. Used for fastening construction stapler, the places of fastenings and joints are taped with tape.

With internal insulation, the rafters remain unprotected from moisture; it is recommended that these structures be treated with antiseptics. About protection wooden structures look .

Insulation

Before installation, fibrous materials such as glass or basalt wool are opened in advance so that they regain their shape.
The space between the rafters is filled with insulation. Knock down and specially compact soft types insulation is not allowed, this worsens its thermal insulation properties.

Rigid slabs of extruded polystyrene foam are laid according to the same principle - in the gaps between the rafters, in at least two layers; to seal, all the cracks are filled with polyurethane foam.

Vapor barrier

The main purpose of this layer is to prevent the insulation from getting wet under the influence of rising humid air. This stage can be excluded only if you purchase insulation with a special protective layer (for example, lavsan).

When choosing the required installation side, the manufacturer's recommendations are taken into account; a mandatory overlap of 10-15 cm is provided. The material is attached to the rafters with staples, and the joints of the panels are treated with sealant tape.