During the manufacture of wooden structures, it is imperative to clean their surfaces. Manual labor will take a long time and will not be productive. Factory grinding centers are expensive. Therefore, in some cases it is more advisable to make the machine yourself.
Drum machine design
Manufacturing should begin with studying the design features of this type of equipment. The drum-type grinding machine is designed for processing wooden surfaces, leveling them and removing burrs.
The device belongs to a type of wood surface grinder that performs a calibration function. There are many models and types of equipment. But the main task before making a unit with your own hands is the choice optimal design. The best option is a detailed acquaintance with factory analogues and drawing up a manufacturing scheme based on the data obtained.
Structurally, the machine should consist of the following components:
- frame. The main parts of the equipment are attached to it;
- power unit. Most often, an asynchronous electric motor is installed for this purpose;
- grinding drum. It is important to choose the correct diameter and method for removing chips. With your own hands you can make a base on which the sanding tape is installed. Or order a cylindrical head with a professional turner cutting edge. It all depends on the type of work;
- device for changing the frequency of the motor shaft;
- Desktop. The workpiece will be placed on it. When making a machine with your own hands, experts recommend making this component from fiberglass;
Additionally, drum grinding equipment can be equipped with a mechanism for removing dust and chips from the processing area. It is also recommended to make a working table with a variable height relative to the snare drum. This will allow you to process part of the end of the wooden workpiece.
If grinding the outer or inner surface of the board is necessary, the drum should be positioned horizontally. At the same time, it is possible to adjust it in height.
Types of drum grinding machines
The next step is to select the design of the wood cutting machine. The main parameter is the shape of the wooden blank and the degree of its processing. Homemade equipment drum type is designed to form even and smooth surfaces with a small area.
Factory production lines require dedicated processing centers. They have complex functionality and can perform several operations simultaneously. However, their main disadvantage is their high cost. Therefore, as home equipment it is inappropriate to consider them.
The following types of machining centers exist:
- surface grinding. Processing is performed in one plane. Can be used as an example for self-production;
- cylindrical grinding. Designed for processing cylindrical surfaces. For this purpose, the package includes several nozzles with different diameters;
- planetary. With their help, the formation occurs flat plane on products with a large area.
To complete a small home workshop, surface grinding models are most often chosen. They are distinguished by their simple design, availability of components and relatively quick production.
In addition to leveling, drum sanders can be used to remove layers of paint or varnish. They are used for restoration old furniture or do-it-yourself wooden interior parts.
Making your own grinding machine
The most simple model The do-it-yourself machine is a drill that is mounted on a bed. Sanding cylinders are machined from wood and sandpaper with the required grain size is attached to their surface.
But this design has little functionality. For processing medium volumes, it is recommended to make woodworking equipment according to a different principle. First of all, you need to choose the right power unit. Most often, an electric motor with a power of up to 2 kW and a speed of up to 1500 rpm is used. These requirements are met by asynchronous models, which can be taken from old household appliances - washing machine or a vacuum cleaner.
The procedure for making a homemade machine.
- Frame. It should be quite stable. Therefore, it is made from sheet steel with a thickness of 1.5 mm or more. As an alternative, you can consider plexiglass with a thickness of 10 mm.
- The engine is installed so that the shaft is in a vertical plane.
- Drum for processing. If you plan to perform only grinding work, an abrasive belt is installed on it. For deeper processing, you will need to make a steel cone with a cutting edge.
- Desktop. It is located at the top of the diagram. It is recommended to make it adjustable relative to a fixed cylinder.
- Control block. DIY designs rarely provide the ability to adjust the engine speed. Therefore, the block will consist of buttons for turning the unit on and off.
Homemade machine
Everyone who worked construction work, repair, restoration of old doors, windows, window sills, etc., was certainly faced with the need to working surface was even, smooth and sliding. Previously, we took sandpaper in our hands, if the surface was large, then we fixed the sandpaper on a wooden trowel and, stocking up with great patience, began the monotonous, monotonous work of sanding. Now, a lot of devices, so-called grinding machines and machines, have been created to help professionals and amateurs. Using them for certain grinding operations, we make the process easier for ourselves manual labor, shifting some of the simple functions to the machine. Today we will talk about grinding machines that are used for processing wooden products.
Purpose, classification and areas of application of grinding machines
Grinding machines are used to reduce the surface roughness of workpieces, as well as to obtain accurate dimensions. Typically, grinding is the final stage of processing pre-prepared parts.
When working on grinding machines, grinding materials and tools are used.
Sanding materials - special powders, pastes, sandpapers.
TO grinding tools include cutting, polishing and grinding wheels, wheels, bars and segments.
Depending on their purpose, machines are divided into several types:
Cylindrical grinding;
Internal grinding;
Surface grinding;
Specialized grinding machines.
The classification of machines is based on the following characteristics:
Type of surface to be ground (internal or external, cylindrical or flat);
Type of parts that this machine can process (cylinders, shafts, rollers, racks, etc.);
Design features of machines (centerless, planetary, two-column);
Features of the elements of the processed parts (splines, threads, profiles, etc.).
The area in which grinding machines are used is very wide. Recent advances in machine tool construction, as well as the production of parts by casting, stamping, rolling, turning and carpentry, make it possible to use grinding machines instead of turning and milling machines (horizontal boring machines). Nowadays grinding machines can perform the following operations:
Cutting and peeling of workpieces;
Precise processing of various planes, wheel teeth, rotational surfaces, etc.;
Sharpening tools.
Drum grinding machine: purpose and main elements
Drum Sanding Machine By type it belongs to surface grinders, by class - to calibration ones. The main tool of the machine is grinding wheel, which here is made in the shape of a cylinder (drum). Typically this machine is used for woodworking. Using it, it is very convenient to sand and calibrate boards, slats and other flat and long wooden parts, such as panel surfaces made of chipboard, MDF, solid wood, veneer, etc.
The main elements of a drum grinding machine are:
The bed on which all the components and parts of the machine are mounted;
The motor ensures the rotation of the grinding and feeding drums;
Sanding drum;
Mechanism for changing the rotation speed of the feed drum
Desktop;
Feed drum;
Protective cover;
Dust removal device;
Mechanism for changing the height of the grinding drum.
You can see how a drum sanding machine works in the video.
Some models of drum-type grinding machines presented on the Russian market
Today, on the Russian market of grinding equipment, the drum grinding machines section presents products from various manufacturers. The leading place here is occupied by products under the JET brand. The American company JET, part of the Swiss holding WMH Tool Group AG, today presents the following industrial and household drum grinding machines:
JET 10-20 Plus. Price: 25,000 rub.
The drum sander with a total capacity of 500 mm (250 mm x 2) is well suited for a small workshop where space is at a premium.
JET 16-23 Plus. Price: 37,000 rub.
A universal grinding machine with enormous potential and capabilities: manufacturing musical instruments, furniture manufacture, kitchen sets, shop and bar equipment, performing a wide range of carpentry operations.
Double drum sander JET DDS-225. Price: 160,000 rub.
A very powerful machine, suitable for use in production conditions.
The Russian "Tool Company "Enkor" - the official dealer of leading foreign manufacturers of tools, equipment, machines, etc., offers the "Corvette 57" drum grinding machine manufactured in China. The machine is designed to perform preliminary grinding of flat wooden blanks and bringing products to a given size, processing varnished and primed surfaces.
Corvette 57 - drum sanding machine price: 24100 rub.
German company Elmos Werkzeuge, manufacturer of power tools, woodworking equipment, garden equipment, presents its drum grinding machine Elmos DS 163. Price: 16,400 rubles. Designed for use in production as an alternative to hand grinders.
To sum it up brief overview grinding machines that are offered for purchase in the Russian Federation, we can say with confidence that certain choice There is. You can find machines for use in large-scale production, small business and for personal use. As they say: “Every whim for your money.”
However, not everyone today is ready to shell out a tidy sum for a grinding machine. And the habit left over from the times of the Soviet Union of doing everything from scrap materials and with their own hands forces modern Kulibins to move their brains, rustle through the underbelly and “the eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing” - to produce many useful and necessary things. Moreover, technologically they are not much inferior to their production analogues, but the price is several times cheaper. Below we will look at how to assemble homemade drum grinding machine.
DIY drum grinder
We discussed above what it is useful for, as well as what it should consist of. Therefore, we take a list of the main elements and begin to search and collect them. And then we’ll talk about how to make a drum sander at home
Engine
Let's start with the engine. The easiest way is to take it from an old washing machine. If it is there, then half the job is done. From there you can take all the electrical parts, pulleys and belt.
Making a grinding drum
Now about the drum. It can be made from various materials and sometimes seemingly completely unnecessary remnants of repair and construction activities. For example, from wooden rings cut out and glued together, or four cylindrical bars fixed on a metal axis with epoxy glue, or from a paper tube onto which a roll of linoleum is wound.
Here we will take a closer look at making a drum from a piece PVC pipes. For manufacturing we will need: a steel rod 16-20 mm, a piece of PVC pipe with a diameter of 100 mm, wooden plank, screws, rubber, glue. Perhaps that's all. The steel rod will be the axis of the drum. Cut the required size piece from the pipe. It is slightly shorter in length than the rod. We cut out two end caps of diameter from wood internal section our PVC pipe. We drill a hole in them for the rod. We insert the plugs into the pipe and secure them with screws. The screw heads must be countersunk. We pass our rod through the holes of the plugs and secure them with epoxy glue. We glue thick rubber on top of the PVC pipe. It will serve as a support for the skin and provide it with a better fit to the part. The drum is ready. You can strengthen the sandpaper using staplers or double sided tape. It is better to glue the tape in a spiral, this will avoid impacts during sanding.
Case and desktop
Wood or aircraft grade 15mm plywood is suitable for the machine body. You can also make a table from them. We make the body simply and unpretentiously: two side panels, a spacer panel in the middle and a work table, consisting of a base firmly attached to the body and a moving part. The work table must be strong and should not bend when the workpiece is pressed against the drum. On the feed side, it can be reinforced with an additional cross member, which will also create a supporting surface for the adjusting screw.
To ensure adjustment of the movement of the working table relative to the drum, we attach its moving part to the base on one side with two hinges or a piano loop, and on the supply side, screw in the adjusting screw through the middle spacer. It is important to know what thread pitch the screw has, then it will be possible to set the required processing thickness of the part.
Installation
We attach the engine to the lower part of the housing. We bring out its axis through a hole previously made in the body. We install a grinding drum in the upper part of the housing. The drum axis rests on two bearings in cages, which are bolted to the side walls. We make the holes for the clips a little larger in diameter. This will make it easier for us to align the drum. We attach pulleys to the axis of the engine and drum and tighten the drive belt. We install wires and a switch. We screw in the adjusting bolts from the bottom and the clamping bolts on the sides, which will support the desktop at the desired height.
The final touch - the body can be treated with varnish or paint, of course, before installation. Now our homemade drum sander is ready for use. For greater convenience in work, you can add to it protective cover above the drum. Connect the pipe from the vacuum cleaner to the casing. This will remove dust generated during work.
In conclusion. In this article we tried to consider issues related to drum-type grinding machines. And you make the choice to work on a device purchased in a store or make it yourself.
bomu home handyman It’s nice to feel like you have everything when doing your favorite job the necessary tool. Branded items collected into a collection with his own hands, his wealth and his pride. He takes care of it, carefully selects it and dreams of replenishing it in the form of a gift or a homemade machine.
Jet DDS-225 - 2 sanding drums for coarse and fine sanding in one pass
Wood carving or home construction, cooperage or making homemade musical instruments - everything requires a high-quality instrument. Including for its finishing. The drum grinding machine is the crown of the entire set of tool equipment.
After it there will simply be nothing to collect if it is from the Jet Plus family. A good workshop, created over many years of effort, is a real pride of its owner.
Machine design
The drum-type grinding machine belongs to the group of surface grinding equipment. It is designed for finishing all kinds of wooden and wood-containing materials with abrasive sandpaper of various grain sizes. The technological cutting process takes place at high speeds and with a large release of abrasive dust and dust from the cut part of the workpiece.
Application of powerful ventilation systems allows you to work on similar drum equipment in relatively comfortable conditions. Structurally, such woodworking equipment is:
- portal or console type mechanisms;
- on console-type drum machines it is possible to produce parts with their rotation, which increases the processing width;
- the portal design of drum machines increases its rigidity, allowing you to work with maximum operating parameters without reducing accuracy;
- with single (Jet models 10-20 Plus) or double (Jet models DDS-237) sanding drums;
- stepless cutting depth adjustment;
- lower bed of stationary or mobile class (Jet series 10-20 Plus);
- drive table for feeding the workpiece;
- with adjustable or stationary feed speed;
- ventilation pipes for connecting suction cyclones to each processing unit;
- working engine from 1.3 kW (Jet series 10-20 Plus) to 11 kW (Jet series DDS-237);
Grinding process wooden materials consists in the implementation of the following technological methods:
- selection of sanding belt of appropriate grit in accordance with necessary cleanliness processing;
- for maximum removal or peeling – 36 units;
- for the standard process – 80 units;
- finishing or final processing – up to 220 units;
- winding the selected sanding tape onto the cutting shaft;
- it is possible to wind tape of various grain sizes on equipment with paired cutting drums;
- setting the dimensions of the workpiece (from 0.8 to 75 mm for 10-20 Plus) and the amount of removal per pass;
- selection of the required feed speed of the table with the workpiece (from 0 to 3 m/min), as in the 10-20 series;
The use of abrasive paper of various grain sizes on paired shafts makes it possible to obtain the best quality indicators in one pass. Especially when processing wood with your own hands.
Work principles
The drum grinding machine is quite simple as when performing technological operations, and in its maintenance. The operating procedure is as follows:
- install required parameters cutting;
- with your own hands, thread the emery cloth onto the cutting drums equipped with its tensioners;
- calibrate the cutting part;
- such an operation is necessary for accurate alignment of the working drum relative to the feed table;
- carry out this process using 2 calibrated wooden blocks located along the width of the feed table under different sides drum;
- Having achieved symmetrical contact between the main shaft of the 2 bars, proceed directly to the actual technological process manufacturing the part.
After several passes, in order to maintain performance and surface quality, it is very useful to carry out preventive cleaning of the abrasive belt yourself with a special pencil. All similar machines are equipped with this pencil, including models 10-20. It can also be purchased separately.
Homemade drum sander
Such drum machine woodworking has a specific, very practical purpose. It is not universal and its rather rare use in ordinary farms does not contribute to the growth of popularity. The relatively high cost, dimensions and difficulty in pre-setting make such equipment a poor stepchild among grinders, drills and vibrating machines.
Sometimes it makes sense to make a similar tabletop grinding machine with your own hands, using the lightweight Jet series of drum equipment as a basis. The design of such a homemade drum mechanism is not complicated:
- the frame and body of the main cutting part are made of multi-layer plywood or good wood thickness from 10 to 20 mm;
- The engine from an old washing machine, disassembled with your own hands, is also well suited for these purposes;
- the pulley remains in place;
- It will be quite difficult to make a snare drum; although it will be homemade, the functions will remain the same;
- The grinding drum of a homemade machine is made of plastic thick wall pipe suitable diameter (like Jet model 10-20 Plus);
- the main axis of the cutting unit is made from a calibrated metal rod (up to 20 mm);
- with their own hands they fit wooden plugs under the plastic pipe and the central axis;
- a homemade bearing assembly will have to be ordered from specialists;
- having assembled the drum assembly and fixing its parts together 10 fasteners, pasted over with a rubber sleeve;
- you can start assembling a homemade machine;
- the hand-made serving table, on the serving side, is mounted on piano hinges;
- an adjustable stop screw is installed on the output side of the grinding machine;
- installation of ballasts will be the final touch of this woodworking composition;
This is what a homemade, do-it-yourself wood grinding machine of the type discussed in the article will look like. Although, to be honest, it is still dangerous to deal with such homemade products.
Every person who has had to deal with wood processing knows the importance of final sanding of the finished product.
This also applies to holders for various agricultural implements, and wooden furniture, and building elements (doors, windows, window sills) and any other wood products. Sanding allows you to remove burrs, as well as make the wood smooth and shiny.
Of course, sanding work can be done using a regular piece sandpaper or a special attachment for drills or angle grinders. But this takes a lot of time and does not ensure the ideal shape of the product. Therefore, various grinding machines have been created for such purposes.
Most often, in domestic conditions and in small-scale production, a drum grinding machine is used, the device, principle of operation and the possibility of making it with your own hands we will consider in this publication.
1 Drum sander - device, principle of operation
The drum grinder gets its name from the rotating cylinder - the drum, which, in fact, performs the grinding function.
In addition to the grinding itself, which allows you to remove burrs and give wooden surface ideal smoothness, such devices also perform a calibration function. Grinder drum or any other type allows you to adjust wooden part to the required sizes accurate to the millimeter.
This machine is used for finishing grinding and calibration of flat and long wood products, such as panel surfaces made of wood, chipboard, fiberboard, etc., doors, window sills, etc. The use of such a device for processing cylindrical parts is not possible.
1.1 Main components
Drum sanding machine appearance and the set of main components does not differ fundamentally from any other machines.
The basic package of such a device includes the following elements:
- The bed is the part of any machine to which all other elements are attached.
- The engine performs the function of driving the moving parts of the machine. Most often, drum sanders for wood are equipped with two motors. One rotates the drum itself according to the principle of a drill, the second sets the feed belt in motion.
- A sanding planing drum on which the sanding belt is wound and attached. It is necessarily equipped with a tension mechanism, with the help of which, when the tape is heated, it is automatically tensioned. A rotating drum with a sanding belt directly imparts smoothness to the wood product.
- Feed drum with conveyor belt. This machine part woodworking produces self-wiring wooden product on the grinding drum. Thanks to the flat surface of the conveyor and the same distance from the belt to the drum along its entire plane, the product is evenly adjusted to the required dimensions.
- A mechanism that regulates the speed of the conveyor belt.
- Sanding drum fixing posts equipped with a ruler. A ruler and screw fixation on the stands allow you to set the required thickness to which the product should be adjusted.
- The protective casing covers the grinding drum to prevent injury during operation.
- Machine for removing dust and chips.
1.2 Operating principle
This grinding machine works on the principle of a drill. Its grinding part is rotated by a motor high speed– on average 2000 rpm.
The grinder may have different weight, different sizes, length of the sanding drum, length and width of the conveyor belt, maximum and minimum installation height of the drum, etc.
Choice technical parameters the device depends on the functions for which it is purchased.
After installing the machine, you need to calibrate the grinding drum to avoid eccentric rotation and unnecessary vibrations. In addition, an uncentered drum will not be able to clean the products evenly.
To do this, we take two beams of the same height, install them on the feeding belt, lower the drum onto them and fix them in this position. Next, we set the height of the mechanism, depending on the size of the part being sanded.
We turn on the installation. For the first pass better install minimum speed feed belt movements, for the final – maximum – 3 meters per minute.
The grinding drum should gain momentum, similar to the principle of a drill. After that we put wooden beam to be processed onto the conveyor belt. The passage of the timber under the drum occurs automatically.
Repeat this action required quantity times until our part arrives the required form and will not acquire the specified dimensions.
If the sides of the product are of different sizes, the height of the drum must be adjusted for each change in parameters.
2 Types of machines
If we talk about grinding machines in general, their classification is based on two parameters: scope and functions performed.
By area of application, machines are:
- cylindrical grinding machines. Designed for processing parts with a round cross-section;
- surface grinding. Their task is to grind flat parts. The drum machine also belongs to this type;
- internal grinding. With the help of such mechanisms, processing is carried out internal surfaces products. Drills are often used for this purpose;
- specialized. Designed for processing complex surfaces - threads, grooves, teeth, etc.
Different machines can perform different functions:
- trimming and stripping;
- sharpening;
- grinding.
2.1 Making a drum machine with your own hands
Drum grinding machine untreated wood It’s difficult to do it yourself, but it’s quite possible.
For this we take a list necessary elements and looking for suitable material and spare parts.
And so, we need:
- Bed. For these purposes, any stable workbench or table to which you can screw other elements of the machine is suitable. It is better if the frame is metal. If you have to use wooden structure, it needs to be qualitatively strengthened with your own hands.
- Electric motor with a power of 200-300 W. The speed should be 1500-2000 rpm. It's better if it's single-phase asynchronous motor. For these purposes, a mechanism from an old washing machine (in this case we also take pulleys with a belt), drills, grinders, etc. is suitable.
- Sanding drum for wood. This is probably the most important and the most the hard part machine, on which the quality of the work performed will depend. We’ll talk about how and what to make a homemade grinding drum with your own hands later.
- Drum stands. The device that fixes the drum and regulates its height can be made of wooden beams. The mechanism that regulates the height can be made with your own hands in two versions. First option - through holes on the racks through which the drum will be attached. This option is simpler, but it allows you to work only with a fixed adjustment step of about 1 cm. The second option is long screws installed perpendicular to the drum. In this case, by pressing the screws we can raise the grinding device, and by releasing it we can lower it. In the second option, it is possible to adjust the height with millimeter precision.
We will not make a conveyor belt with our own hands. This is possible, but it is not necessary. Submit to homemade machines, as a rule, is carried out manually.
2.2 Making a drum
Before we begin making the drum itself, we need to clearly understand what functions our machine will perform. The point is that what smaller size cylinder, the easier and faster it will be rotated by the engine from the drill.
To make a grinding drum, we need a piece of anything that has a cylindrical shape, the required length and diameter. This could be a wooden beam with round, PVC pipe, metal pipe and much more.
We will consider as material PVC pipe for making a drum with your own hands.
- Take the required size piece plastic pipe. We also need a metal pin that acts as an axis, wooden or plastic plugs, coinciding in diameter with the inner diameter of the pipe, screws, rubber, glue.
- We take plugs and make holes in them corresponding in diameter to the thickness of the rod.
- The holes in the plugs must be strictly in the center. The slightest eccentricity of the drum will lead to improper operation of the machine.
- We fit the plugs tightly into the pipe and fix them with self-tapping screws.
- Insert the pin into the holes in the plugs. The axis should protrude 2-3 cm from the cylinder on each side. It is this that will serve as an attachment to the adjustment posts.
- We glue rubber onto the drum. To her It will be easier to attach the sanding belt.
2.3 Assembling the machine
To assemble the machine you need:
- Install the stands on the bed.
- Attach the drum to them so that its lifting height can be adjusted.
- Connect the motor to the drum using a belt or chain drive.
- You can start working.
2.4 Homemade drum sander (video)
This instructable will show you in detail how to make homemade sanding drums for drilling machine. Drums can be made different diameters, With different sizes sandpaper. The result of simple manipulations can be a decent set of sanding drums, which will allow you to easily carry out any finishing work.
Materials
- Wood;
- steel rod or bolt;
- washers and nuts;
- sandpaper;
- wood glue;
- PVA glue;
- ring drills;
- rubber bands.
Step 1. First you need to decide on the diameter of the grinding drum. Start from this when choosing a ring drill for further work.
Step 2. Using a ring drill, cut 5 round blanks from the board. Their number may vary, depending on the height of the board itself and the desired height of the drum.
Step 3. Place the finished wooden circles one on top of the other, coating the touching surfaces with PVA glue. Don't use too much glue. Clamp the resulting block, with the surfaces not yet glued, in a vice. Check that no circle is out of line. Clamp the drum blank tightly and leave it in the vice until the glue dries completely. The strength of PVA glue is quite sufficient for this stage, since in the future the drum rings will be attached with a bolt.
Step 4. Be sure to sand the finished wooden drums. Note that the smaller the drum size, the more thorough the processing must be. After sanding the drums, be sure to remove any dust remaining from sanding from the surface.
Step 5. Drill the drums, choosing a drill bit that matches the size of the rod or bolt you have. After this, insert the bolt into the resulting hole and secure it with washers and nuts.
Step 6. Now it's time final stage. After cleaning the surface of the drums again, coat it with wood glue. Cut out a piece of sandpaper and glue it end to end to the glue-coated surface. Press the paper firmly against the drum with your hands, smooth it out and secure the entire structure with rubber bands.
