In the era of rapid development of microelectronics and the conquest of outer space, construction stretchers, invented back in the days of the pharaohs, have not lost their relevance. They greatly facilitate many jobs and increase productivity.
Purpose of construction stretchers
This universal device, allowing you to move various bulk cargo - sand, crushed stone, cement, etc. Using a stretcher, you can also remove debris from construction site, transport heavy objects, such as bricks, cinder blocks or ceramic tile.
The use of this equipment requires the participation of two people, preferably with the same endurance. It is impossible to carry a loaded construction stretcher alone. Therefore, if you don’t have a partner, you will have to use a wheelbarrow or cart.
Types of stretchers
Depending on the material, stretchers are divided into three categories: plastic, metal and wood.
The first ones are intended mainly for bulk cargo. Most of these models are equipped with wooden handles. Their carrying capacity is no more than 110 kg. When working, it should be borne in mind that even the most durable plastic can crack or split from a careless blow, especially in the cold. At the same time, construction plastic stretchers have the advantage of a light weight, which makes it easier to carry loads. If necessary, they can be used as a container for diluting paint and building mixtures.
Metal stretchers are more durable. They are adapted to move up to 200 kg of loads. Made from sheet iron. The handles of such stretchers are usually wooden, in some cases upholstered with iron. When working, you must take precautions, as the possibility of cuts on metal edges cannot be ruled out. The tin body is not cheap, and it is practically impossible to repair.
Construction wooden stretchers are also used for various household purposes. They are very easy to repair, and it is also quite simple to make them yourself. The disadvantage of such stretchers is their significant weight. Moving them even without a load requires a lot of effort.
Advantages of plastic stretchers
They are made of heavy-duty plastic and, unlike wood or metal, do not rot or corrode. Light weight combined with good capacity makes them indispensable, especially when carrying heavy materials.
The stretcher container is shaped so that the weight of the load being carried is distributed evenly. You can even move liquid solutions in it. Construction stretchers are equipped with wooden handles, which are more comfortable than plastic ones. In order to avoid the appearance of fungus or rotting, they are treated with a special compound.
To make stretchers, manufacturers use impact-resistant plastic that can withstand significant loads. This is reflected in the durability of the equipment and the absence of deformation during operation. Plastic stretchers are resistant to temperature changes. This allows them to be used in almost any weather conditions.
How to make a construction stretcher with your own hands
Situations arise when a stretcher of a certain size is needed for work, which is difficult to find in shopping centers. In this case, you can make them yourself. To do this you will need a board about 30 mm thick, galvanized a metal sheet, fastening fittings and a set of tools.
Handles are cut out of the board, which are the basis of any stretcher. A cut-out up to 40 cm long is made at the bottom of the board to give it a shape that is convenient for gripping and to reduce the weight of the stretcher. Then a frame is constructed in the form of two boards, fixed transversely to the handles at a distance of about 60 cm from each other. This is done using self-tapping screws. The resulting frame is reinforced with steel corners on the inside.
After this, the flooring elements are attached according to a certain pattern. They are laid first along the edges, resting on the ends of the transverse boards and on the handles, and lastly the board is attached in the middle. A metal sheet is nailed to the bottom with mounting nails - and the construction stretcher is ready. It is recommended to place all accessories with outside.
During the spring cleaning period garden plot, you have to use a large amount of equipment. Stretchers are no exception, however, not everyone has them. Thus, it is better to make a stretcher.If you need a service like medsantrans.ru, you can call online special transport with trained personnel. In order to make a stretcher yourself, you can use available materials: boards and sheets of iron.
These items will definitely be found on the farm, and we will use them to make stretchers for the garden. It is advisable to trim the boards a little so that they are shaped like handles. If possible, process it with a plane and then sand it thoroughly.
It is recommended to round them to make them easier to hold in your hands. Using nails, you need to nail a sheet of iron at the base. When working in the garden, you can, for example, use a bucket to carry from place to place what is needed for gardening work. However, it is not very advisable to wear them; it may happen that you need to rake out leaves and old grass all day. And many people forget to get a cart. This is why stretchers are made.
When making stretchers, the boards can be slightly cut on the sides, where you will drive the nails. When the stretcher is ready, when using it, you must remember that there is no need to pull out the soil from the site. Let it remain in the garden, as it forms a fertile layer of soil. So, you have prepared a stretcher for gardening.
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Construction stretchers have been used for repair, household and domestic purposes since the times of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs, and at the same time they have not lost their relevance in the era space flights, innovation and microelectronics.
Stretchers - basic definitions
No matter how rapidly technological progress develops, it is not able to completely abolish the manual carrying of goods. Perhaps this will happen in the distant future, when there is a place for robots in every household, but today such a prospect looks fantastic. And ordinary stretchers are more than realistic and quite universal.
Using a stretcher, stones, ceramic tiles, cinder blocks for building walls and, in general, any piece of building materials are transported. They are convenient for transporting various bulk cargoes - from cement and sand to pebbles and crushed stone. On a stretcher you can remove debris from a construction site, leaves, grass and roots from personal plots. They are used for unloading feed, fertilizers and as a mobile container for many other household tasks.
The use of any stretcher requires the work of two people with relatively similar strength and endurance. If you don’t have a partner, you will have to use a garden cart or wheelbarrow as widely as possible - it is simply impossible to use a stretcher alone. Unless you carry them in an unloaded state and move them from place to place, which is unlikely to help in repairs or construction.
Types of construction and utility stretchers
According to the material of manufacture, construction stretchers are distinguished: plastic, metal and wooden:
- Plastic stretchers - strictly speaking, only the main container is made of plastic, and the handles of many models are made of wood. They are usually used for carrying bulk cargo, since they do not spill out of such stretchers. The maximum load capacity reaches 100-120 kg. Unfortunately, the most durable plastic can split or crack from one careless blow, and you will have to purchase the tool again;
- Metal stretcher. Their container is made from sheet metal(on steel frame or without it), the handles can also be upholstered in metal. They have maximum strength and a load capacity of up to 200 kg. However, the cost of a tin body is very significant, and its suitability for repair is low. It is easy to cut yourself or injure yourself on such stretchers during work;
- Wooden stretcher. Convenient for any construction, repair and economic purposes, they are easy to make yourself and easy to repair if necessary. Among the disadvantages, one can note the large weight - moving even an empty device will require more effort than carrying a metal or plastic “colleague”.
The standard dimensions of construction stretchers relate to the dimensions of the cargo container and are 20-30 cm deep, 50-60 cm wide and 70-90 cm long. The total length of the handles lies in the range of 150-160 cm, so that it is possible to turn the stretcher when loaded on flights of stairs.
Why do self-production ordinary stretchers, if this product is not in short supply for hardware stores? Firstly, because retail chains usually offer plastic and metal stretchers. The former have an unacceptably short service life, and the latter have a very significant cost.
Secondly, there is often a need to make a stretcher of a specific size, and select the entire set of dimensions in finished form difficult. Thirdly, when making a wooden stretcher yourself, you can build a transforming device (which no store will offer you). Let me outline the guidelines for such a design in full detail.
How to make a wooden construction stretcher with your own hands?
From materials we will need a board 25-30 mm thick, a thin sheet of galvanized metal and an extended set for woodworking - a hacksaw, a jigsaw, a screwdriver, a drill and fastening fittings.
How to make a wooden construction stretcher with your own hands - step-by-step diagram
Step 1: Cutting out the handles
Curly handles are cut out of a board 10-12 cm wide and 3-4 cm thick, which will serve as the basis for all stretchers. The middle part of the board remains unchanged, and a small chamfer is removed from the edges on top, and a deep cut is made from below, to a length of 35-40 cm on each side. This reduces the overall weight of the handles and gives them a shape that is comfortable to grip.
It is best to apply the design of future cutouts on both boards according to the template and strictly adhere to it when processing. The more accurate the size of both handles, the more convenient it is to use the finished stretcher, since they will have an equilibrium balance. Cut out the handles, securing them securely in a vice or wedges.
Step 2: Assembling the stretcher base
Taking two boards exactly the same width as the uncut handles, we fix them at a distance of 50-65 cm from each other, constructing the frame of the future stretcher. The length of these cross boards determines the width of the stretcher and is 50-60 cm. The cross bars are fastened with self-tapping screws with a length of 60 mm, in increments of 3 cm, on a flat surface, checking the squareness of all nodes.
When the transverse boards are fixed, they must be reinforced with four steel corners on the inner (invisible) side of the frame. It is better to choose corners with long “shelves”, which have 3-4 mounting holes on each side. Additional fittings will give the entire structure high strength and allow it to carry loads weighing more than 100 kg.
Step 3: Build the deck
Boards with a thickness of 25 mm or more are laid on the finished frame, and this is done according to a strictly defined procedure. On one side, the flooring boards are exactly “flush” with the dimensions of the stretcher, but on the other, they should protrude about 5 cm beyond the dimensions.
The first to be attached are two boards from the ends of the flooring - they rest both on the handles themselves and on the transverse boards. Fastening is carried out with self-tapping screws with a length of 50 mm, with a high frequency of installation steps - at least 3 cm between screws. The following flooring elements are attached only from the end parts, where the handles lie under them. The middle board will have to be precisely cut to length and placed in the resulting groove, secured with at least one screw on each side.
Step 4: Raise the sides and arrange the bottom
Now you can fasten two short sides and one long one - the one on the leveled side of the flooring. For the sides use a board with a thickness of 20 mm. It is most convenient to attach the sides to steel corners, and from the outside - if the fittings are located inside the stretcher, it will become clogged with bulk cargo and can be easily damaged by massive bricks, etc.
A sheet of galvanized metal is placed on the bottom, cut exactly to its size. Galvanized fastening is carried out with short mounting nails with wide heads, in increments of 10-12 cm. At the same stage, it is convenient to put special rubberized attachments on the handles at a distance of 2-3 cm from the ends, so as not to damage the hands if the loaded stretcher accidentally hits an obstacle .
Step 5: Making a folding side
The final stage of independent “stretcher construction” is associated with the manufacture and fastening of the folding side. This part is useful when transporting light and bulk cargo, especially over long distances. A board of small thickness (from 15 mm) and length is tried on the open side of the flooring; its width may slightly exceed the height of our stretchers. Rotary hinges are attached to the protruding end of the flooring and the mobile side. Along the edges of this side it is worth providing fittings to secure it in the folded state - latches, hooks, etc.
This is an approximate “recipe” for how to make a universal stretcher from wooden planks. If carrying bulk cargo is not relevant for you, then stage 5 can be omitted - bricks, cinder blocks and bags of cement can be moved with just one open side, which even makes loading and unloading easier.
After providing first aid, victims who cannot move independently must be carried out and removed from the affected area. For many of them the first health care will be only preliminary, as they need follow-up assistance medical personnel(nurse, paramedic, doctor) at the medical station. To extract victims, carry them out and deliver them to a medical station, there are various ways dragging and carrying out without a stretcher, on a stretcher and with the help of improvised means.
All civilian population must be able to drag and carry out victims on a stretcher, without a stretcher and using improvised means.
Rubble and destruction will require the ability to drag the victim out. It can be pulled away on its side, as shown in Fig. 27.
Rice. 27. Pulling the victim on his side.
A very convenient method is to place the victim on his back, with his hands tied at the hands. The person providing assistance kneels with his legs spread over the victim’s body, and he tied hands puts it on his neck. Leaning on his hands, the person providing assistance lifts and gradually pulls away the victim, as shown in Fig. 28.
Rice. 28. Pulling away the victim while moving on his knees.
Rice. 29. Carrying the victim on a strap or belts folded into a ring.
Rice. 30. Carrying the victim on a strap folded in a figure eight.
If it is possible to move up, it is easiest to carry the victim using a stretcher strap or two waist belts connected together, folded in a figure of eight or a ring, as shown in Fig. 29 and 30. For a long distance, it is most convenient to carry the victim on the shoulder (Fig. 31), if there is no strap or belts. It is much easier to carry the victim together. A very common method of removal by two people using a “lock” from their hands (Fig. 32).
It is most convenient to carry the victim out on a stretcher (Fig. 33); they allow two or four people to carry it. If there are two people carrying a stretcher, they should not keep pace. When carried by four people, two people walk on the sides of the stretcher, supporting them by the bars. As they move, the pairs change. On level ground, the victim is carried feet first so that the person walking behind can observe his face (Fig. 34). Stretchers can also be made from improvised materials (Fig. 35).
Rice. 31. Carrying the victim on the shoulder.
Rice. 32. Removal on the “lock” from the hands.
Rice. 33. Sanitary stretchers in expanded and folded form.
Rice. 34. Carrying on a stretcher by four people.
Rice. 35. Stretchers from improvised means:
a - from two poles and straps;
b - from two poles and a mattress pillowcase;
c - from two poles and two bags.
To place the victim on a stretcher, mainly two techniques are used. Of the four rescuers, three kneel down facing the lying victim and, placing their hands under him, simultaneously lift him and place him on an open stretcher, which the fourth brings under the victim. Two rescuers can use a little-known method, but, as can be seen from Fig. 36, light and comfortable.
You can use a chair instead of a stretcher. The victim sits on a chair, one porter walks behind and holds the back of the chair, and the second walks in front and holds the chair by the upper part of the front legs, placing his torso between the victim’s legs.
Rice. 36. Laying the victim on a stretcher together.
The most gentle way to transport victims is to carry them on a stretcher. If stretchers are not available, they can be made from scrap materials. You should learn how to make them in advance.
A stretcher can easily be made from two poles and blankets or sheets, a raincoat, a piece of tarpaulin, a mattress cover, two bags, one or two coats, straps, ropes, wires and similar material.
How more options imitation of a sanitary stretcher is known to students, the sooner in a difficult situation they will find The best way carrying the victim.
It is advisable at school to make educational models of stretchers (scale 1:10), created from all kinds of available materials, and display them for inspection by all students. This will develop ingenuity and resourcefulness in students.
Methods for making sanitary stretchers from a variety of available materials are described in publicly available textbooks, books, brochures, and on Internet sites.
Carrying victims on stretchers is hard work, so it is natural to want to replace carrying with removal: in the summer - on wheeled devices, and in the winter - on sleds (drags). Models of these devices are made to the same scale as the stretcher models. 
To make it easier to carry victims on a stretcher, a stretcher strap is used, which relieves the load on the hands of the porters and transfers the weight of the stretcher to the back muscles. The labor productivity of porters when using a stretcher strap increases on average by two times. The stretcher strap can be sewn from durable cotton fabric (tarpaulin). It is a double belt 3600 mm long and 65 mm wide. with a metal buckle at the end.
