How to start building a roof correctly. Do-it-yourself rafter system for a gable roof - installation instructions. Types of modern roofs

The final step in the construction of a building is the installation of the roof. The main role in its construction is played by the rafter structure. A correct installation roofing affects the rigidity, strength and appearance of the roof. Today there are a lot of materials for covering. Among the most popular are metal tiles and soft bitumen shingles.

Types of roofs

The roof is the structural element that gives the house a unique, unique look. There are countless options for constructing this structural element. And when the owners take on the construction of the roof themselves, even more so! There are flat and pitched roofs. Let's take a closer look at these options.

Flat roof

In our area, such a roof on residential buildings is extremely rare, unlike in southern Europe. In this case it all depends on the weight and thickness snow cover in winter. Imagine what kind of material a roof needs to be constructed from in our country so that it can withstand a multi-ton snow cap, and even with its own weight.

Unless - from reinforced concrete floors. But such floors are most often found in garages and multi-story residential buildings built according to standard project. The difficulty lies in the fact that the construction of a flat roof must be done using a crane and special construction equipment.

The flat roof is covered with roofing felt or its more wear-resistant relatives - rubemast or euroroofing felt. Roof made of roofing felt correct installation will last 15 years without major repairs. Exception - exploited flat roofs, where all kinds of green spaces and active play areas are located.

It is customary to make an exit onto a flat roof that is in use, like onto a terrace. But it is not always possible to carry out such roof construction on your own, because too many calculations need to be made.

Pitched roof

The construction of pitched roofs of various shapes with different angles of inclination has become more widespread in private construction. The simplest option is a pitched roof. One supporting wall is made higher than the other by the angle of the roof, then laid wooden frame and roofing material. Depending on the distance between the supports, it is customary to choose the shape of the frame.

This form does not look very presentable, although it is popular in the private sector due to the low cost of roof construction. But the most common solution is a gable structure, the appearance of which changes depending on the angle of inclination of the slopes.

You can build an asymmetrical option for placing planes, when the sizes of the slopes and angles of inclination are different. This form is called pincer. Depending on the number of “gables”, the roof is called single-gable and double-gable. The frame of a multi-gable roof is a rather complex structure; it will not be possible to complete it without deep construction knowledge.

A double-gable roof can have an attic in its design, which allows you to equip a full second floor instead of an attic. This form is the most common in private cottage construction, since creating a frame is not particularly difficult, and the building looks solid.

Roof slope

In the construction of roofs and roofs, much depends on the level of its slope. This issue must be taken seriously. If frequent precipitation is normal in your area, it is better to choose a level of 45 degrees for the roof. If strong winds blow, then the roof should be made flat.

The slope depends on the material that you plan to use to create the roof. If you prefer tiles or slate, you cannot make the angle less than 22 degrees, because moisture can be retained at the joints during precipitation.

A standard pitched roof should have an angle of 20-30, and a gable roof should have an angle of 25-45 degrees. The higher the slope angle you choose, the more expensive the roof will be, because more material is spent on the roof at a significant angle. As you understand, the most economical is flat roof with an angle of 5 degrees.

Roof structure

Most readers know that any roof of a residential building consists of a rafter system to which the roofing pie is attached. A similar system consists of rafters, struts, mauerlat and sheathing.

Rafters according to the type of structure are divided into hanging and layered. The main figure in the system is a triangle, because it is the most rigid. The ends of the layered rafters rest on the walls of a residential building, and in the middle they lean against intermediate supports. Hanging rafters the ends rest solely on the walls of the building or on the mauerlat, without intermediate supports.

The upper crown of the log house acts as the Mauerlat in wooden houses. For brick walls Mauerlat is a special beam that is installed flush with the internal surfaces of the walls. At the top of the rafter system, a purlin is installed that connects the trusses to each other. In the future, a roof ridge will be built on the ridge run.

The roof is the first thing a person pays attention to as soon as he looks at a certain a private house. A roofing pie, like a regular one, consists of the following layers: sheathing, vapor barrier, insulation and roofing layer. There are more layers to such a pie, it all depends on the climate in which the house is located and the choice of roofing technology.

Selection of roofing material

The type of top material must be determined at the design stage of the building, because the construction of the roof requires compliance with all the parameters indicated in the project without exception. The variety of such materials allows you to choose exactly the one that suits the composition, appearance and price category.

Profiled flooring is known as the progenitor of metal tiles and represents steel sheet, which is rolled in the longitudinal direction. There is corrugated sheeting galvanized and with polymer coating. This material is most in demand in commercial construction - hangars and garages. In the private sector it is used when budget type construction.

Metal tiles are one of the most popular types of roofing in private cottage construction. It is made by rolling galvanized sheets with a polymer coating. This material in appearance is a bit like traditional tiles, but it is an order of magnitude lighter.

Ceramic tiles occupy a place of honor in the family of roofing materials and are considered an elite material for roofing. There are approximately 14 types of ceramic tiles. However, it has a lot of disadvantages: heavy weight, which requires the creation of a powerful rafter system, fragility, high cost of material and installation. However, all this pays off with the longevity of the roof - up to 80 years.

Bitumen shingles are flexible plates made of fiberglass or fiberglass that are impregnated with modified bitumen. Bitumen roofing has a wide range of colors, which in turn allows you to achieve a high aesthetic effect. This material is suitable for roofs of any shape and complexity. In addition, this type of tile is characterized by its low weight, low percentage of waste and good sound insulation properties.

Cement-sand tiles are made by rolling a semi-dry mass, which contains quartz sand, Portland cement, water and an alkaline pigment. The molded material is coated with a composition acrylic base. Such tiles are cheaper than ceramic ones, but are almost as good as them in a number of indicators.

Seam roofing is the most known species metal roofing. To create it, metals are used: titanium-zinc, steel and copper. This roofing was widely used in urban construction in the last century - in the form of painted black tin or ordinary galvanization. The main disadvantage of seam roofs made of galvanized sheet metal is the periodic need to paint them. This type of roofing is lightweight, but requires additional sound insulation.

Slate is popular due to the low cost of roofing construction. Corrugated asbestos-cement sheets are produced by reinforcing cement stone with asbestos fibers. This is an easy-to-install, cheap and weather-resistant material. However, slate darkens over the years, and this does not add aesthetics to the house. Moreover, after time this material becomes brittle and leaks appear in the roof.

Euro slate in our country received the name “ondulin”, although it is produced not only by the French company of the same name, but also by many other companies. Wavy bituminized roofing sheets are lightweight and flexible. The material is quick and easy to install, and is cheap to install itself. Due to the wide color range much more beautiful than slate.

Keramoplast belongs to the group polymer materials new generation. The sheets can externally imitate any roofing covering: natural slate or tiles. This is Russian material that has no analogues. Keramoplast is lightweight and has a strength that exceeds the strength asbestos cement sheets ten times.

DIY roof installation

The first step is to lay the mauerlat on the load-bearing walls. It is attached to the wall using anchors. A waterproofing material is placed under it - roofing felt or roofing felt. Then the rafters are laid, the cross-section of which depends on the slope of the roof. The top of the rafters are secured to each other with overlapping overlays. The lower parts are nailed to the Mauerlat with staples, and fastened to the wall with twists.

Lathing

After you have installed the rafter system, you can begin installing the sheathing for the selected roofing material. The lathing can be made in steps or continuous. It all depends on the material. If you have chosen a soft roof, then for the covering you will definitely need a continuous sheathing of plywood.

And if you are building a roof from metal tiles, corrugated sheets or ondulin, then for these materials you need to create a lathing from boards with a certain pitch - 400-500 millimeters. The sheathing of a private residential building must necessarily have a small overhang around the entire perimeter of the building. The overhang forms a cornice that will protect the house from slanting rain showers in the future.

Vapor barrier

If you plan to use the attic space as a full-fledged living space in the future, then lay a layer of vapor barrier under the roofing material. To do this, you can take Yutafan or Isopan film. If the attic space will not be used in any way in the future, then a vapor barrier layer is desirable, but not required. After installing the vapor barrier, you can watch a video about roof construction and move on to insulation.

Insulation

A warm roof allows you to save money on heating your home. Today, almost all roofs are made warm. Mineral wool is used as insulation and slab insulation- ursa and isover. Please also note that thermal insulation material must be resistant to water, frost-resistant and not emit harmful substances or unpleasant odors.

It is imperative to create an air space between the heat-insulating layer and the sheathing - at least 5 centimeters. If you do not do this, the insulation will begin to deteriorate over time due to excessive exposure to condensation and moisture. To create an air space, it is necessary to install a counter-lattice along the rafters.

Laying roofing material

It is recommended to start laying any roofing material from the bottom up - towards the rainwater. The design and construction of roofs using corrugated sheets should be carried out depending on the prevailing winds in the region where the house is located - from right to left or from left to right.

Roofing material must be assembled on the roof, like a construction set. Those roofing materials, the design of which does not provide for special fasteners (metal tiles, profiled flooring), have special nails included that are intended for installing the roof of a residential building.

The color of the nails usually matches the color of the roof. Such nails should be secured with a rubber seal to the crest of the element. The final work on laying the roof is the arrangement of snow-retaining elements and the installation of overhangs.

Roof ventilation

The ventilation system of the under-roof layer is very important, because the useful life of the entire roof depends on it. The ventilation system protects the roof of the house from dampness, its main enemy, and promotes air circulation under the roof. In the photo of roof construction you will notice that this can be done different ways: using natural draft or using ventilated devices.

Particular attention should be paid to the valley, because these places are exposed to water most often, experiencing significant pressure as a result. Immediately after installing the roof, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of periodically inspecting the roof of the house for damage. To do this, you can install a stationary staircase on the roof.

And finally. Follow safety precautions for working at height at all stages of laying roofing materials. You should tie yourself with a rope, the other end of which must be tied to the skate. If possible, use special installation equipment when working. It is prohibited to carry out roofing work in strong winds or rain!

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Every master who has started an independent construction project understands that building a roof with your own hands step by step is a difficult task, but still doable. In the material below we will try to understand all the intricacies of the work and understand what the phased construction of a gable roof looks like.

Important: so that the assembly of the roof of a private house is as accurate as possible, and all the material is purchased for it with a small margin, it is better to involve professionals in designing the roof. At the design stages, they will calculate the slope angle of the roof slopes and the amount of building material needed for it, including steam and thermal insulation, as well as roofing material, and hand it over to you finished project roofs.

To understand what a roof in a private house will look like with your own hands, you need to understand what types of roofs exist. Based on this, choose the type of construction.

Important: however, when designing a roof, you should always take into account the wind and sediment (rain, snow) load on the ceiling, as well as the weight of the roofing material.

So, today they most often install the following roofs of a private house with their own hands:

Single-pitch. A roof that slopes to one side. This is the simplest roofing option, but it is not the most reliable for a private home, since such a structure is subject to a high load when discharging precipitation. Basically, such a roof is installed on auxiliary premises (verandas, outbuildings, sheds, etc.).
Gable roof. A very simple and at the same time reliable option for covering the roof of a house. Two slopes evenly distribute the load on the rafter system when removing water and snow.
Hip (hipped roof). It is a little more difficult to perform, but at the same time it is an equally convenient option for covering. In most cases hip roof has four sides, two of which are made in the shape of a trapezoid, and two in the shape of a triangle.
Broken roof. As a rule, this is a gable roof with creases on both sides. Such a ceiling is convenient because you can arrange an additional attic living space underneath it, thereby increasing usable area at home, especially if it has one floor.
Multi-gable roof. The most complex design option. It is used above a large box of a private house with a complex configuration.

Important: it is worth remembering that the step-by-step construction of a roof for a house will be more difficult, the more complex the configuration of the room. This is due to the fact that for complex design a complex rafter system is required.

Materials for work

Independent construction of the roof of a private house requires preparation the right tools and materials. In particular you will need:

Beam with a section of 100x100, 100x150, 150x150, 150x200 or 200x200 mm for the mauerlat. The cross-section of the beam depends entirely on the width of the masonry of the house and on the roof structure. In our case, when installing a standard gable roof 100x150 mm timber will be sufficient.
Boards with a section of 150x50 mm for rafters and crossbars. The cross-section of the boards may be smaller if the load on the roof is low (depending on the roofing material). The calculation of the number of boards for rafters is done in such a way that rafters can be installed on one side of the roof with a pitch of 80-120 cm. That is, if the length of the wall of the house is 4 meters, then it will require 5 rafter boards with a pitch of 80 cm.

Video: how to make a roof correctly ( step-by-step instruction on building a roof with your own hands).

Important: the installation step of the rafter legs depends on the weight of the future roofing material. The heavier it is, the smaller the rafter pitch should be.

Beam with a section of 100x150 mm for racks in the roof frame.
Hydro- and vapor barrier for roofing pie.
Boards and beams for sheathing.
Jigsaw or grinder with discs for wood.
Brackets, angles, studs and screws/bolts.

Important: below for a complete understanding of the work process is a detailed video.

Work technique

Mauerlat device

Photo 1:

To mount the roof of a private house strong and reliable, you need to take care of attaching the mauerlat - the wooden frame of the house, which serves as a transitional boundary from the stone to the wooden part of the building. Secure it in two ways:

Fill the reinforcing belt around the perimeter of the building and fix the construction studs in it. The pitch of the studs should be from one to one and a half meters.
By embedding the fastening studs into the last rows of the house's masonry.

Important: the height of the studs above the wall must be equal to the height of the timber being laid plus 3 cm. This calculation is necessary in order to securely fix the mauerlat with nuts and bolts.

Cutting and installing rafters

Photo 2:

Rafter system for the roof - the most the hard part work. It is important not only to install the rafter legs, but also to cut them correctly. In case of the slightest distortion, the entire roof frame will “walk”, which is not good for the roof. So, it will be easier and faster to build a roof with your own hands if you cut out a rafter pattern from one beam in advance and then form all the rest using it.

To create a pattern, you need to make an internal cut at the bottom of the rafter board at a right angle. This is where it will rest against the Mauerlat. The cutout is not made from the very edge of the board, but at a distance of 50 cm from it. These will be roof overhangs that protect the walls of the house from rain. The cut can be made using a block template or simply by drawing a right angle on the board.

Now it is necessary to cut off the upper edge of the board in such a way that the rafter system of two parallel legs can be joined by the cut edges without voids or gaps. To do this, you need to lift the board up, rest it on the Mauerlat and raise it to desired angle slope A vertical line must be drawn in the center of the floor to the rafters. This will be the cutting line of the board. That is, in the upper part of the rafter leg we will get an oblique cut.

Photo 3:

We assemble all the rafter legs cut out according to the pattern on the ground, securely connecting them at the top (ridge) with brackets, ties and bolts.

Important: if the length of the rafters exceeds 3 meters, then it is advisable to additionally strengthen the system with crossbars - transverse crossbars that are attached horizontally in relation to the rafter triangle. The location of the crossbar should be in the first third of the upper part of the triangle.

Installation of the rafter system begins with the two outer gables. They are installed, a control cord is pulled between them and the entire roof skeleton is leveled along it. All rafters are fixed to the mauerlat with special corners and brackets.

Photo 4:

Important: the frame can be further strengthened with special racks that support the crossbars. And the racks, in turn, should preferably be installed on beds (special wide boards according to the type of ski that will remove the point load of the racks on the floor).

Sheathing device

Continuing the topic “how to build a roof,” it is worth noting that the next stage will be the installation of sheathing and construction roofing cake. As soon as the rafter system is ready, it is necessary to lay the sheathing, which will become the basis for all other materials of the pie - vapor and waterproofing, as well as for insulation and roofing material.

Photo 5:

The roof sheathing can be mounted from unedged boards with a cross-section of 100x50 mm. In this case, the spacing of the boards completely depends on the final roofing material. The heavier it is, the smaller the spacing of the sheathing should be. In general, the pitch of the sheathing is approximately 30 cm.

Important: it is advisable to first lay a layer of vapor barrier under the sheathing. It will protect the insulation from fumes penetrating from the premises of the house. Sheathing boards are already laid on top of the vapor barrier.

Now, timber is laid perpendicular to the sheathing wood in increments equal to the width of the slabs or rolls of insulating material. Insulation is laid between them, securely driving it into the existing grooves.

Photo 6:

From above everything is covered with a layer of waterproofing material and fixed with another perpendicular lathing (in in this case horizontal). And the final roofing material is already installed on it.

Photo 7:

At the very end of the roof installation cottage It is also necessary to install a drain. It is made from cut lengthwise plastic pipes, or buy ready-made drainage elements in advance. Now all that remains is to sew up the roof gables with the selected material. It can be either wood or stone.

Before considering the question of how to make a roof with your own hands, you need to decide on the meaning of the words “roof” and “roofing”: is there a difference between them and what is it? A practical owner, wanting to reduce construction costs, strives to do most of the work himself, without involving professionals, and a correct understanding of the terms and designations in construction work is simply necessary for him. That’s why high-quality information on how to properly install this or that is so important. architectural element house under construction.

Roof - essential element house designs that provide protection from the impacts environment and determining the aesthetic appearance of the building.

So, the roof is the upper part of the building, covering the interior from the environment, and the roof is the top covering of the roof, made of a moisture- and wind-proof coating.

Therefore, the meanings of these words are completely different. A roof built with your own hands is a source of pride for every owner. But in order for it to be durable and truly decorate the building, you need to know how it is made.

Types of pitched roofs

There are two types of roofs: flat and pitched. Since the former are extremely rarely built by developers, let’s take a closer look at what types of roofs with slopes there are:

A single-pitch system is a rather rare choice. It has a slope from one wall to another. Private developers often build them for garages, sheds, and utility rooms. In urban housing construction, they are used where it is undesirable to install drainage systems and dump snow.
The gable roof of a house is the most common option. Used everywhere.
Half-hipped (hatched) is an indispensable attribute of country houses.
A hipped hip roof is a structure whose slopes are connected to each other at one point and descend along different sides of the building.
The spire-like system is designed in the form of several steep triangular slopes connecting at one point. They are used in the construction of towers, bay windows, and buildings with round walls.

What you need to know when choosing a roof design with slopes

The higher the slope angle of the roof, the less time the snow will remain on it, and accordingly create less load.

If the angle of the slope exceeds 50 degrees, then the snow will not linger on it. Accordingly, the load on the roof during the cold season will be insignificant. This means that the calculations can include a lower strength coefficient of the rafters and save on building materials.
For roofs with a 20-degree slope angle, the cross-section of the rafters should be maximum, since such a structure will have to withstand significant loads.
The fire safety requirements for roofs are as follows: when exposed to open fire, it must withstand it without causing much damage for 15-30 minutes. In order for your design to meet this indicator, be aware that the fire resistance limit is higher for roofs with rafters maximum section, treated with a fire-bioprotective composition.
If the house is being built in the northern region, then the roof should include high-quality insulation. Consequently, the load on the roof structural elements will increase. This must be taken into account when choosing a building material.
The smaller the slope angle, the greater the consumption of roofing materials will be, since the overlap between the sheets of covering in this case should be wider.
The steeper the roof, the longer the overhang required. It protects the walls of the building from rainwater and snow getting on them.
When deciding on the type of roof to choose, first of all think about the roofing material. Its weight determines what rafter diagram choose. The heaviest roofing is made of ceramic tiles. For it we make a reinforced truss structure and a powerful foundation.

Installation of a gable roof structure

Let's look at how to make the most common type of house roof with your own hands with the following rafter laying scheme: they are laid on the floor beams top floor Houses.

Mauerlat installation

Diagram of a gable roof.

The construction of any roof begins with its installation. Builders call this structural element and in another way: matitsa, murlat, uterus, etc. Mauerlat is a wooden beam with a section of 150x100 or 150x150 mm, which is installed on the walls of the house. It is designed to distribute the load from the weight of the roof, including snow and wind, onto the walls of the building. The timber should be laid along the inner edge of the wall on a double layer of roofing material, and with outside the tree should be protected from adverse environmental influences using a number of brickwork or waterproofing and facing material.

Often the developer has a question: is it necessary to attach the Mauerlat to the walls? Since the roof always weighs quite a lot, this beam, as many people think, will not go anywhere. But you need to secure it, because in the event of a hurricane, your house may well be left without a roof: it will simply be blown away by the wind. There are several ways to attach the Mauerlat to the walls. In practice, the following are most often used:

If the building is built of brick, then a competent builder, finishing the laying of the walls, will certainly wall up wooden blocks in the 2-3rd row from the top. The Mauerlat will be attached to them using vertically installed brackets.
If the house is made of foam or aerated concrete, then a reinforced concrete belt needs to be made over the walls. During its installation, threaded rods must be installed at a distance of 1.5-2 m (at least). Holes are drilled in the timber for them, it is laid on studs and pulled to the walls with nuts.

Before you install the beams on the walls with your own hands, they need to be fastened together. This is done as follows: we cut out half the thickness of the tree from both ends of 10-15 cm and splice the beams together, fastening them with bolts or nails. When installing the mat, it is important to take into account that its upper part should protrude 2-3 cm above the surface of the wall. This will ensure that the weight of the roof is transferred to the mauerlat, and not to the walls.

Installing floor beams

The angle of inclination of a gable roof must be at least 35 degrees.

They are beams with a cross section of 200x100 or 150x100 mm. The length of the beams should be such that when laid on the walls, they form a projection corresponding to the width of the future cornice. In most cases, it is 40-50 cm. Simply put, these beams must be larger than the length of the house by a certain distance. The beams are installed in one direction at equal intervals. This work must be done in strict sequence:

First, we lay the beams against the opposite walls with our own hands, retreating 50-60 cm from their edges.
We stretch a cord between the outer beams, which will serve as a guide for installing subsequent ones.
If the beam does not lie flat on the hay, then you can place wooden dies under it and trim the mauerlat in this place.
The distance between the beams is selected taking into account the pitch and cross-section of future rafters. For example, if it is decided to mount the rafters from “floor” boards 50x150 mm, then the pitch will be 60 cm. This is the best option, which greatly simplifies further work, since the width of the roofing insulation is also 60 cm. In this case, it will not have to be cut and extended .
Now let's install it ourselves cross beams, which are connected at one end to the outer beam, and at the other extend beyond the wall to the distance of the cornice on the side of the gables. The distance between these jumpers is 1 m.
We attach all floor beams to the mauerlat with 150 nails, steel angles or self-tapping screws.
To make it easy to move around during work, we lay regular boards on the beams.

Installing the ridge beam

We begin to install the auxiliary racks with our own hands. They are U-shaped wooden struts, the height of which must correspond to the height at which it is planned to install the ridge, that is, the height of the roof. Professionals advise taking it equal to the height of the first floor (from the ground to the mauerlat, if the house is one-story).
First, we assemble it with our own hands and install the racks on opposite sides of the roof.
Then we stretch the cord between them and install intermediate ones along it in increments of 2.5-3 m.
When all the racks of the rafter truss are installed, we place the ridge beam on them, strictly in the middle. Usually it is a board 50x200 or 50x150 mm. There is no need to securely attach it to the auxiliary stands. For now, a few screws will suffice.

Installation of the rafter system

Gable roof rafter system.

Since the rafters must be strictly the same length, before starting work we make a template with our own hands, according to which we will measure them. To do this, take a 25x150 board and attach it with one end to the ridge and the other to the beam. We will put marks at the points of contact and cut the board along them. Despite the fact that we will need a template and will greatly facilitate the work, it is still difficult to achieve strict geometricity of the building and we will have to adjust the length of the rafters more than once.

Having installed the rafter from one roof slope, after it we install the opposite one along the other slope. This will relieve the load on the ridge beam. If you do not follow this sequence, the ridge will bend and the structure will become unreliable. If the slope is very long (more than 6 m) and the standard length of the boards for the rafters is not enough, this problem can be solved in two ways:

order longer material at the sawmill;
splice two available boards together by sewing a piece of exactly the same material onto them.

We attach each rafter to the horse beams with a couple of nails. In order to pull it to the beam with your own hands, we use fastening iron plates or wood screws. It is not advisable to use steel staples in these works, since they “work” in tension.

We strengthen each rafter by installing a support post closer to the beam. If we have an attic roof, these racks will form the basis for the side walls.

We are working on the installation of gables and hemming the cornice

We will do waterproofing and sheathing

If the sequence is strictly followed and correct execution of all work, the roof of your house will be in no way inferior to that which would have been made by professionals.

for the convenience of work around the perimeter of the house, you need to install scaffolding;
We lay the first waterproofing layer on the rafters: a special film and fasten it with a construction stapler;
We take 25x50 mm slats and begin to mount the counter-lattice with our own hands. This should not be a problem, since each roofing material is accompanied by instructions on how to make it yourself;
We install vertical posts from the same batten along the counter-lattice. Thus, we get a full-fledged sheathing;
we make a gable overhang and ebb:

We attach a 25x150 board to the ends of the sheathing protruding from the side of the gable. This will be the wind board of the gable overhang.
Along the entire height of the pediment, we install lintels with our own hands, which builders call “fillies.” They should be 1 m apart from each other.
We attach 25x150 boards in two layers to the fillies from below with our own hands. We will install siding or other facing material on them.
Using pre-prepared triangular fillies, we will make a pediment ebb. We also cover it with a double layer of 25x150 boards.

Installation of roofing material

The choice here is not too large: metal tiles, profiled metal profiles, ceramic tiles, slate, ondulin, galvanized iron. All of them are strong, durable, waterproof. Which one to buy depends on the preferences of the home owner. Let's look at how to install roofing material with your own hands using corrugated sheeting as an example.

Corrugated roofing: choosing material

Let's pay attention to the thickness of the sheet and its brand. For light roofing, it is recommended to choose sheets of grades C8, C10, C13, C18, C25 and C44. If you need a more durable coating, then buy NS35 or NS44. The waveform can be either trapezoidal or sinusoidal. The wave height should be from 20 mm. The color of the corrugated sheet should be in harmony with color scheme cladding material for the entire house.

We calculate the amount of material based on the area of one sheet of corrugated sheeting that you will buy. In the calculations, you need to take into account that the roofing covering is installed with an overlap of 10-15 cm. Plus, you need to provide a reserve of 4-5% of the roof area of the house. For a gable structure, it is quite easy to calculate how much material is needed. But if the roof is complex or broken, then you need to turn this issue to professionals.

Necessary additional elements:

end strip;
cornice strip;
gutter strip;
abutment strips;
valley;
snow retention bars;
ridge elements.

Installation of corrugated sheets on the roof

Safety rules: you need to move in soft shoes strictly along the recesses between the waves. We wear gloves, as the edges of the sheets are sharp.
We begin installation of corrugated sheets from the bottom of the slope. We lay the first layer of sheets along its entire width with our own hands. The roof is laid with an overlap of 1-2 waves.
Fasteners - self-tapping screws with rubber gaskets. We screw them only into the recesses between the waves.
We lay the upper tier of corrugated sheets with an overlap of at least 15 cm on the lower one.
We install the ridge element with our own hands: if the slope of the roof slopes is small, then we use rubber compressor. The overlap of the ridge on the corrugated sheet should be at least 20 cm.
We begin installation of the junction strips from the bottom of the pipe. We hammer the brick, wash the seam, and place one edge of the plank into the pipe. We fix it with connecting tape and attach it to the corrugated sheet. This is how you make a gable roof with your own hands.

Roof construction is a job that falls into the category of complex construction processes. It is impossible to carry it out on your own without having a preparatory base. However, many people strive to master this business. And especially those who have personal suburban areas with houses installed on them.

The idea of repairing, making new roof, having completely dismantled the previous one and used their own strengths, it often occurs to the owners country houses.

But, if dismantling, relatively speaking, does not pose a particular problem, then subsequent work, from erecting the frame to laying the top waterproofing layer, can raise many questions.

Difficulties arise at the stage of choosing the shape of the structure configuration. If repairs are required existing coverage or installing a small section of the roof of an adjacent part of the house, the upcoming work does not cause much concern that something will go wrong.

Otherwise, when it comes to the full range of work, covering the entire upper area of the structure, the question of how to properly make the roof of a house with your own hands immediately reveals a number of problems, most of which are associated with a lack of experience in such a matter.

Fears quickly fade into the background when the figures for the costs of professional craftsmen, their services and the materials provided, which specialized companies sometimes provide strictly independently, ignore the initiatives of customers to do this personally, appear before your eyes. In this case, the desire to gain relevant experience overpowers thoughts of the need to invite a professional team.

Even more interest is awakened when viewing photos of house roofs. You can do any work with your own hands, and color visual aids, as well as detailed video lessons, confirm this. The main thing is to know where to start.

Main types of roofs

Construction begins by determining the type of roof. Upper structures country house have several different forms. The simplest form is single-pitch roof rarely chosen, only when building extensions.

To form beautiful view preference is given to the following forms:

Gable. Its advantage is its light weight, resulting in a large attic space that can be converted into an attic. This design is simple, harmonious and most attractive to many.

Four-slope. This design is less popular because its construction contains many difficulties. Without serious skills, it is difficult to build such a roof. If you have an idea to build just such a structure, you should have detailed instructions on how to make a roof.

The advantages of this roofing type is aesthetics, the ability to arrange a wide attic, four-sided heating. The disadvantages include increased weight and complexity of work.

Combined. This roof looks very original. Just like the previous type, it has its own difficulties during construction.

But for those who want to get a beautiful multi-level roof, all difficulties can be overcome. The result is a roof that looks harmonious against the background of any protruding area of the house.

Solving the design issue

You can choose a design option without resorting to the help of specialists. But the project can only be done by a professional designer. Making roof drawings with your own hands is a foolish idea.

In this case, you should not regret the expense and it is best to make an individual order to a design company. There, based on clarification of all the necessary requests, including: configuration, volume, individual parameters, components and additional details, detailed drawings of the roof will be drawn up.

Main works

The stages of building a house roof involve its construction using a certain technology. By dividing the construction into the main components of the structure, we get the following:

fastening the foundation part - the Mauerlat. It bears the pressure of the main loads. The material used is wooden beams section 15x15 cm.
frame device. This means attaching the rafters to the Mauerlat. Optimal size beams are taken with a section of 7x15 cm.
carrying out work to strengthen the roof. To reduce the impact of the spacer load on the Mauerlat and gain high strength of the roof, the rafter legs are fastened with additional beams.
device wooden sheathing. It is necessary to create a continuous roof covering.

The main materials for construction will be wooden boards and timber. Fastening is carried out with nails.

When the wooden frame is completely ready, further work begins. Their list includes installation of insulation, vapor barrier, installation of waterproofing layers and laying of the top covering. In this capacity, tiles or profile sheets are often used.

In addition to the above work, you must remember to carry out ventilation, install the cornice, internal valleys, pipes, and drainage trays. In addition, drip edges and a lining layer along the edges of the roof must be installed to protect against moisture penetration.

Photo of the roof of the house with your own hands

A country house is a combination of several components, each of which performs specific functions. For example, you can complete your home and protect it from various influences of nature by roofing system. How to make a roof and what kind, each owner decides for himself, because you can give your cottage a truly unusual look by choosing one or another roofing design.

What do we choose from?

The type of roof depends on the rafter system, and any roof model will consist of several elements:

Mauerlat - the base of the roof, made of reinforced concrete or timber, to which the rafters will be attached,
lathing, which is a thin flooring made of boards, - it is on this that the roofing covering will be laid,
waterproofing layer in the form of a special film that protects the roof from moisture,
a vapor barrier layer in the form of a membrane film that absorbs accumulating condensate from the inside and evaporates it to the outside,
thermal insulation layer - insulation, which is mounted between the rafters.

The roof installation must be carried out in strict accordance with these stages - only in this way will the roofing system meet all the requirements in terms of reliability and durability. At the heart of any roofing works There must be a project that takes into account all the nuances of the construction process.

We build according to the project

Modern roof designs are wide choose solutions through which you can make the roof of your home very different. However, it should not only be aesthetically pleasing and attractive, but also reliable, so you need to take into account the main factors that form the basis of any project:

The type of coating is an opportunity to make the roof reliable, durable and beautiful. Modern projects assume that any material can be used as a roofing covering - from expensive ceramic tiles or natural tiles to the usual and economical slate or ondulin.
Type of construction: when choosing, you should take into account the characteristics of the roofing material.
Costs: complex house roofs will require more significant costs, especially if they consist of non-standard elements. Experts advise not to skimp on materials, since the structural reliability of the roof depends on their quality.
The arrangement of communications is another important part that must be described in the project. A roof is not only a roofing material, but also gutters, a drainage system, and various fences that make the operation of the roof convenient and safe.

The preparation of the project should be entrusted to professionals who will take into account the features of the truss structure, help you choose materials, calculate the load on the foundation and compare it with the permissible value.

Types of roofing structures

Before you make a roof, you should decide on its design. Over many centuries, housing construction trends have developed and are constantly changing. No less significant changes were made to the roof, which today, despite its simplicity of design and installation, is distinguished by its aesthetic appearance, functionality and practicality. Modern homeowners prefer the following types of roofing structures:

A pitched roof is a structure built on beams that rest on the walls of the house. With different wall heights, such a roof will have a different slope. And if the walls are the same height, you can make the roof usable and place on it, for example, winter Garden or a rest room. In most cases, the roof of a garage or bathhouse is pitched, country house or outbuilding.
A gable roof is a triangle-shaped slope that differs same sizes slopes and ease of installation. This type of roof is often called a gable roof.
A broken roofing system is also a gable structure, the slopes of which are made with a break. Such systems allow you to equip the attic.
Semi-hip roofs are slopes in the form of trapezoids that form a triangular slope (hip) on top at the end of the building. This roof looks stylish and attractive, however, its installation is not so simple. On the other hand, the roof will be as reliable as possible and will retain heat in the room.
Hip roofs of houses - these are four triangular hips that meet in the center. Such designs are good for houses square shape, gazebos.

Installation stages

The roof structure consists of several components: ventilation, insulation layer, vapor barrier and waterproofing. During installation, you should take into account the correct sequence of work, since otherwise the roof will allow both cold and moisture to pass through. The roof is created with your own hands in several stages:

The rafter system is being installed.
A vapor barrier layer is installed.
Insulation materials are being installed.
A waterproofing layer is installed.
Installation of sheathing and counter-lattens is carried out - they depend on the type of roofing material and the roof structure as a whole.
The roof covering is being laid.
The ridge and cornice are being installed.
A ventilation system is installed in the under-roof space.
Drainage elements are being installed.

All these stages play an important role when performing a process such as roof installation. Great importance have correctly performed calculations, since they will form the basis of technical standards, violation of which will lead to unsafe operation of the roof.

How to install a roll roof?

Often material in rolls is used for roofing. This explains his high quality, as well as ease of installation. However, you still can’t do without surface preparation. Before deciding how to make a roof, you need to choose its type. Then we decide on the sheathing. If you use roofing felt, then under this coating you will need to prepare a smooth and solid base. Gluing of roofing felt is carried out using cold mastic or molten bitumen. A fine-grained material is used as the bottom layer, and a coarse-grained material should be used for the top layer. The direction of laying depends on the slope of the slope:

if it is above 15 degrees, the material is laid perpendicularly;
if the slope is flat, the roofing material is placed parallel to the ridge.

In order for the roof to be done with high quality, you need to take into account several rules. Firstly, the mastic layer must be at least 2 mm. Secondly, the overlap of the strips should be 10 cm or more. Thirdly, an additional layer of roofing material should be laid on top of the ridge, and the material should hang 50 cm from the roof slopes. All layers should be laid under pressure. Based roll materials As a rule, single- and gable-pitched roofs, as well as mansard roofs, are installed.

How to make a roof made of metal?

Metal roofing can be installed with special tools. The use of this particular material provides a number of advantages: durability, reliability, aesthetics of the roof, ease of installation. Lathing under metal coating- these are 50x50 mm bars, and a board is laid along the line of the ridge and cornice. To achieve high-quality ventilation, the lathing step must be at least 25 cm. This will protect the structure from corrosion, increasing the service life of the roofing system.

When using sheet steel, first the sheets are cut, the patterns are formed, and the flanges are created. Moreover, each material is laid in its own way. For example, corrugated sheeting is installed with an overlap to prevent moisture from getting under the covering. And only after this the sheet is secured into the wave deflection with threaded nails and a rubber gasket.

Tools and accessories

Installing a roof is a difficult and energy-intensive process that must be carried out in strict adherence to technology using the appropriate tools. Thus, a good roofer should have in his arsenal a large number of hammers that allow him to work with metal sheets. With their help, fasteners are formed on metal, nails are driven in and removed. When arranging a roof, you cannot do without tongs - straight, long, curved or short. They are needed for bending gutters, processing tiles and forming bends in sheet metal. Different types scissors are also needed for working with roofing materials - zinc, copper, steel.

One ramp - what's special?

This type of roofing system is most often used in the construction of garages or outbuildings, as well as small country houses that do not require careful insulation. The structure is a flat surface, which is covered with a layer of material. Its essence is that the roof rests on walls of different heights, due to which a certain slope is formed. Why is it good: firstly, ease of installation - such a roof can be erected very quickly with your own hands. Secondly, the installation process is economical. Moreover, each single-pitch structure is a series of elements:

rafters;
sheathing;
layers of hydro- and vapor barrier;
roofing covering.

If the roof is almost horizontal, then a rafter system is not needed. Lathing is the base of the roof, made of planed boards and treated with antiseptics. The boards must be located at a certain distance from each other to ensure natural ventilation. Houses with a pitched roof require glass wool insulation, mineral wool or polystyrene foam, as well as waterproofing and vapor barrier using special films. You can cover a pitched roof with any material - corrugated sheets, metal tiles, slate or roofing felt. To the disadvantages single-pitch structures too much load due to snow can be attributed, especially if the roof is made with virtually no slope. In addition, one slope is not enough to install an attic or attic.

How is it done?

Roof calculation is one of the important stages that must be carried out during design. It takes several points into account:

Calculation of the slope angle: the slopes should be designed in such a way that water flows to the ground. The angle depends on the roofing material used: for corrugated sheeting it is 20 degrees, for metal tiles - 25 degrees, and for slate - 35 degrees.
The rafter system is needed to distribute the load and increase the strength of the structure. Its installation begins with the installation of a mauerlat - a beam that is laid in full length load-bearing wall and is secured with anchor bolts.
The sheathing is made of bars, which are placed across the rafters. It can be continuous, or it can be laid at intervals.
Insulation is also an important stage, however, when building a house with one slope, you can save on this process, since there will be less space to allow cold air to enter the room. Insulation is best done using glass wool or basalt mats.
You also need to attach a vapor barrier film to the sheathing, and then lay the waterproofing material.
The roofing covering is laid - it can be very different.

Two slopes - the most popular option

A gable roof is the most popular roofing system option in construction. Despite the fact that its structure is quite simple, it is impossible to do without involving specialists in drawing up the project. The gable structure is designed in such a way as to be reliable and withstand the weight of various precipitation, evenly distributing the load along the entire perimeter of the house. This system is popular today due to the fact that modern projects involve the construction of a residential attic between the slopes, which increases the usable space without reducing the space suburban area. Like any other roof, a gable roof is created based on calculations:

first, a scheme is thought out that will take into account the filling of the roofing pie;
then the roof is calculated - for this you need to find out its area.

The roof installation process is largely similar to the method described above. The foundation is being prepared on which the rafter system will be laid. The rafters are assembled, which can also be assembled on the ground. The rafters are attached to each other with ridge beams. The bevels of the slopes should ideally be at least 45 degrees. The sheathing is created, after which it is laid insulation material, vapor barrier and waterproofing. On last stage Roofing material is being laid.

An interesting solution is a house project with an attic. In this case, a gable roof is also used, and a room with sloping walls is formed between its slopes. The peculiarity of the attic floor is that it hangs over the entire house and can have a planning solution. To increase the area of the attic, you can build not a gable roof, but a sloping roof. By the way, residential attic- it is not only convenient, but also decorative: a cottage decorated with attic floor, looks cozy and interesting.

Hip roof: modern and spacious

If the size of the plot allows, as well as your own financial resources, you can install a roof with four slopes. The peculiarity of such a roof is its decorative nature, which allows you to give your country house a certain architectural appearance. At the same time, the design is simple in design and construction, and any materials can be used to cover it. IN hipped roof There are no gables, so its installation will be simple and no additional costs for materials will be required. The main condition is that the roof is reliable and can withstand certain loads. There are several types of hipped roofs:

tent;
hip;
half-hip.

Each of them has its own characteristics, and it is worth understanding that projects of such roofs are not cheap due to the unusual and complex nature of roof construction.

conclusions

The right roof - what is it like? Everyone will answer this question differently. For some, this is a traditional gable roof, which gives the house integrity and completeness, while others prefer a more modern options, for example, a hip roof for your country cottage. Any of these options has a right to exist, and this is proven by roof projects - so diverse and interesting. Having decided to build a house, find good designers who will carry out competent calculations and tell you how to carry out the installation, based on what design and from what materials. When installing a roofing system, you simply cannot do without professional help. Experts will help you with your choice building materials, construction technology, design and installation, will do everything to ensure that your home serves you reliably and for a long time.