Autonomous gas supply - how expensive will such independence cost? Active gasification. The company has the power to implement

Before you carry out autonomous gasification of your home or other facility, you should carefully study all the advantages and disadvantages of such heating.

The disadvantages of autonomous gas supply include the following:

the need to constantly monitor the condition of the gas tank for possible gas leaks, as well as the obligation to monitor the remaining gas in order to avoid negative consequences;
the likelihood of a malfunction of the gearbox, into which water can get in, which will disable the entire autonomous heating system. However, such problems can be prevented by choosing a gas tank more carefully. Modern choice Such technology requires a thorough study of all the characteristics of the proposed products and correlating them with the expected operating conditions, from the type of soil to the features of the gas-consuming installation;
a narrow circle of gas suppliers, which puts those who want to have autonomous gas heating in a dependent position;
the high cost of autonomous gasification measures, which involve the purchase of expensive equipment and payment for equally costly work and services. Therefore, initially you should think through everything carefully and evaluate the cost of installing an autonomous heating system. In this case, all work on assembling and setting up the system must be carried out by appropriate specialists. Setting up gas supply in your home yourself is out of the question! Think about safety!

The advantages of autonomous gas heating are:

saving. Thermal energy obtained through autonomous gas supply is cheaper than electrical energy, as well as energy generated by burning diesel fuel. Thus, the cost of autonomous gasification gradually pays off by reducing heating costs;
freedom from main supply systems. There are no gas pressure differences in the system, and there are no cases of unexpected shutdown;
efficiency of design work and installation of a gas tank relative to the time of connection to the main gas supply network. If desired, the tank can be installed in one day, and the whole process takes 3-4 days;
independence of the possibility of installing a gas tank from the location of the gasified facility;
environmental friendliness. The burned gas contains almost no hazardous substances, and the tank with it is installed at a reliable distance from the object;
a wide range of applications of liquefied gas, with which you can not only heat a house, but also supply it with electricity (naturally, by installing additional equipment), as well as cook food;
individual project depending on your wishes;
cost-effectiveness of servicing an autonomous gas heating system, the use of which for a long time does not require the additional involvement of specialists. A system installed by professionals and assembled from high-quality high-tech equipment can operate for more than two decades;
increased service life of associated equipment involved in the operation of the autonomous gas supply system;
system flexibility. No need for installation approval additional equipment;
increased environmental friendliness. LPG completely evaporates during combustion and does not emit harmful substances.

propan24.ru

Autonomous gasification of a dacha - possible problems and their solutions

The happy owners of country cottages and dachas can tell you about the advisability of installing a gas supply system like no one else: the benefits of civilization are especially valuable when they are not available. You can heat with wood or try to warm up the house with electricity. Both are very expensive, the first is also labor-intensive. Most economical option energy supply was and is gasification. Unfortunately, connecting to the main gas supply is not always possible. The subject of close consideration today will be the autonomous gasification of a dacha with liquefied gas. Let's consider the disadvantages and advantages of the arrangement, as well as possible difficulties during installation and operation.

To operate a gas stove alone, it is not necessary to equip a gas supply system, as you understand; connecting a cylinder with liquefied gas is enough. Autonomous gasification is necessary for a comprehensive solution to the problems of heating a home in winter period and hot water supply all year round.

General diagram of the device autonomous system gasification of a dacha clearly shows the possibility of providing a completely energy-independent system

Liquefied gas can power an electric generator, but the creation backup source power supply, and even in conditions of frequent power outages, it will be far from unnecessary! Thus, gasification of a dacha, in addition to the obvious advantages, is valuable in that it will help make the house completely energy independent. Among the advantages of an autonomous gas supply to a dacha are the possibility of uninterrupted supply of fuel to the consumer, ease of operation, environmental friendliness, and, importantly, efficiency.

The gas supply system consists of a reservoir (gas holder) filled with a propane-butane mixture, shut-off valves, devices for automatically adjusting the pressure of the gaseous phase of the fuel, as well as a gas pipeline connecting the reservoir with gas consumers.

Gas tanks come in various sizes and allow you to maintain reserves of reduced gas sufficient for the operation of the autonomous system of the house throughout the entire heating period. The gas holder can be installed on the surface of the earth or buried in the ground.

Aboveground placement of a gas tank is used in warm climate zones. The container is painted White color to reduce heat in the sun

When choosing an installation method, it is important to take into account the climate. Low temperatures in winter prevent the transition of gas from the liquid fraction to the gaseous fraction, which may cause a lack of gas for consumers. Therefore, above-ground installation is more often used in areas with a warm climate, and in areas with severe winters, underground placement of a gas holder is more appropriate; the soil provides the required temperature level. When placing a gas tank underground or above ground, it is important to consider the need for corrosion protection. The tank standing on the surface is painted, intended for underground installation is coated with special resins and anti-corrosion polymer compounds.

The underground installation method is safer; during installation it will be busy small area personal plot

Liquefied gas is essentially an explosive substance; when the temperature rises (for example, in summer), it expands significantly, the volume of liquid increases, which leads to a general increase in pressure in the tank. The container may depressurize, simply put, burst from internal pressure. To avoid this scenario, filling the gas tank with liquefied gas to more than 85% of its volume is strictly prohibited.

Another likely difficulty in operating autonomous gas supply systems is ensuring the safe operation of the gas pipeline and all systems. Even a minor gas pipeline leak can be extremely dangerous. The gas is approximately twice as heavy as air, so it “flows” to the lowest areas, accumulating in basements and basements, then, mixing with air, it forms an explosive explosive mixture. Therefore it is extremely important proper arrangement boiler room All heating devices must be located above ground level. Good ventilation (natural) is another necessary condition. Be sure to regularly check joints for leaks. The room where gas consuming devices are located must be equipped with gas detectors.

Reservoir neck, used for refilling and access to pressure control devices

Among the main advantages of installing an autonomous gasification system, we should note the possibility of power supply in automatic mode, a minimum of user control, economic feasibility and high performance. The main condition efficient work is a responsible attitude towards arrangement issues, because gas is explosive, negligence at any stage of installation and operation of the system is unacceptable. Each installation using liquefied gas must undergo mandatory registration with Rostechnadzor; all installation, installation, and refueling activities must be carried out only by qualified specialists (with the appropriate license).

strmnt.com

EQUIPMENT FOR CNG. CNG filling station. PAGZ.

Autonomous gas supply using compressed natural gas CNG

Our country has the largest proven gas reserves in the world. But, unfortunately, this still does not make it available to the majority of Russian consumers. Both physical and legal entities.

This is mainly due to the fact that the local gas infrastructure does not meet the current needs of the economy, as it was created back in Soviet times. Laying new lines is very expensive and “opaque”. Moreover, there is not always any interest of the executive bodies of the gas supply organization in refusing to gasify your facility. The reason may be simple - the gas limit in the gas pipeline nearest to you has been exhausted by other consumers. What should you do if your enterprise needs to expand gas capacity in this particular place, where you already have everything you need: land, supplies, production? Move the enterprise to another location where there is the necessary infrastructure or build a branch on the other side of the city? No, you don’t need to do any of this, now there is an autonomous CNG gas supply (AG CNG) for this. Autonomous CNG gas supply is also suitable for backup gas supply in case of failure of the main gas supply due to an accident.

Recently, around big and not only cities, people have been building like mushrooms. cottage villages. Many citizens strive to leave the stuffy and polluted city and settle away from the noise and bustle. If there is land, then building a house(s) is not a particular problem. There are house building technologies to suit every taste and budget. The main problem is communications. Where can I get gas, electricity, heat, water? There are no special problems with water; it is everywhere, except that it lies at different depths. We drilled a well and the problem is solved! Where can I get gas? The problem is similar to that described above, only in cities the gas infrastructure is more or less developed due to the larger number of consumers, but with the suburbs it is more complicated. The solution to the problem is similar - autonomous gas supply of CNG!

But that's not so bad, what about electricity? Now this is also not a problem. The solution is to use a cogeneration gas turbine (or gas piston, depending on the needs) power plant and an autonomous CNG gas supply system for electrification of the facility. Electricity is generated from gas at a cost that is sometimes much lower than the local power company's rate!

How will you heat your home(s) and how much will it cost? Diesel fuel? Expensive! Electricity? Even more expensive! Propane-butane is no less than 3 times more expensive than CNG. It is estimated that only firewood is similar in cost to methane. But of course you can imagine a city dweller swinging an ax, but how long will it last? Now the good news is that you get heat for free*! Due to the recovery of heat from the compressor unit, which is part of the autonomous CNG gas supply equipment. Plus, as a bonus, when installing additional ABHM equipment, this same heat turns into cold. You don't need air conditioning!

What to do if you like all of the above, but you are not a developer of an elite village, but the owner of a garden plot in SNT or a house in the village, and you want to live there not only in the summer, but all year round? In this case, you need to unite with your neighbors. Then it will be possible to lease this equipment at a low interest rate.

Our company is ready to offer you initial stage provide free consulting assistance in preparation required package documents for travel to a meeting (meeting) of board members and residents. Our interest in cooperation with you is aimed at further development of the horticulture gasification project, construction of a gas distribution pipeline, engineering work on the installation of internal gas supply to the house, connecting the boiler and boiler equipment. It is always worth remembering that by entrusting the work to specialists, you will arrive at the final result (connecting a private house to a gas pipeline) faster and often cheaper.

Already at the first stage, we will inform you about the upcoming financial and time costs. The main problem that all partnerships face when gasifying gardens is that some residents do not have a quick opportunity to invest money in gasifying their home. In this case, we offer you a flexible system of leasing payment for our services. And this ends up being cheaper than a classic pipe connection. What you do is make a small down payment and pay the remaining payments over three years.

In general, our advantages are that we are ready to:

We will be glad if you send us a questionnaire with a brief description of your village and plans for gasification of gardening, indicating contact details, and we will contact you shortly. Or just call. If a sufficient number of participants are not recruited for the gasification of your facility, then do not be discouraged. We will collect information on your property and inform you about new applicants. As soon as it gets enough required amount participants, we will be able to begin work immediately. Practice shows that the active participation of the residents themselves greatly speeds up the process, so if you yourself take part in the agitation of your neighbors it will be much better. How more quantity participants, the cheaper gasification costs for each home! Neighboring gardening/SNT/DNP can also take part in the gasification process, if there is a technical possibility for this, the equipment will be the same for everyone.

Brief description of the service:

At the prepared site of the gasified facility, AG CNG equipment is installed, which includes:

Container-cassette gas storages
Booster compressor
Internal gas pipeline system
Gas piston cogeneration container power plant (optional) - in case you need electricity in addition to gas. At the same time, you receive free heat by recycling the heat of the compressor.

Gas from the local gas pipeline is discharged to the facility’s stationary gas pipeline; if you don't have one, we can install it.

AG CNG is supplied with gas using a mobile gas tanker PAGZ, which receives gas at the mother CNG filling station. The system is fully automated: when the gas supply reaches a pre-calculated threshold, a signal is sent to the system, and the gas supply company sends you a new gas reserve. Therefore, there cannot be any delays in gas supplies.

Advantages of using CNG compared to other types of fuel:

www.aem.spb.ru

Autonomous gasification of a private house, country cottage

Noisy and dusty city streets, gas pollution, poor water quality - all these aspects create a great desire to leave the city and be alone with nature. And so, in your mind, the thought of building or purchasing a dacha, or even building a cottage, firmly settles for permanent residence.

Then it’s worth thinking about how you will heat your home with the onset of autumn cold weather. And what to do if there is no main gas pipeline in the locality where you purchased a house? You have only one way out, the surest and most correct - this is autonomous gasification of a private country house.

Autonomous gasification of a private house is an independent gas supply, propane-butane gas, using a gas tank (gas holder), which is located underground. Such a container can be purchased on the market. Gas tanks come in different sizes, depending on affordable prices And High Quality.

At first glance, autonomous gasification represents only positive points, but, unfortunately, as in any business, there are negative aspects. This is safety and not small costs. But all this can be fixed. Once you spend a certain amount, you will quickly recoup it. Safety depends only on the correctness of the project according to which the autonomous gas supply system will be installed. And only, not conscientious work of a company that provides autonomous gasification services can provoke the emergence of dangerous situations.

What type of fuel should I choose for gasification?

This is something worth thinking about. Most choose gas. On given time– this is one of the most optimal and cheapest options. You won’t have to think about where to store your fuel, because it goes along the highway, straight to your home. Unfortunately, there are houses that cannot be connected to the highway. In such a situation, the most profitable option is liquefied carbon gas.

Heating with carbon gas is inexpensive and economical. He has huge advantage: contains less sulfur substances, has no odor, and when burned, a minimal amount of soot remains. Choosing propane-butane will be the right decision.

Where to start with autonomous gasification of your country house?

First, you need to study the earthen area and draw up a work plan. Initially, the size of the plot should allow placing a tank for storing liquefied gas no less than 10 meters from a residential building. Therefore, if a house is being built from scratch, it is better to immediately provide for the possibility of installing equipment before starting construction of a country house. The tank itself is located either underground or placed on special supports. In all actions, safety rules must be observed. When choosing an organization that will install autonomous gasification for your private home, be sure to pay attention to whether the company has a license to engage in this type of activity.

Advantages of autonomous gasification:

Autonomous gasification is Safe, profitable and economical.
You don't depend on centralized systems gas supply.
Refilling the gas tank with gas only 1-2 times a year.
When burned, gas does not emit substances harmful to the body.
Autonomous gasification systems have very long term service, system wear and tear is reduced to zero.
Installation of autonomous gasification is carried out in short time, without the use of heavy equipment.
A special autonomous gasification project that is suitable only for you, regardless of the characteristics of your landscape.
Thanks to the versatility of such an autonomous gasification system, you can connect additional gas equipment without approval.

Safety of the autonomous gas supply system:

Any autonomous gas supply system contains safety equipment.

Therefore, using an autonomous gasification system is absolutely safe. With proper and high-quality installation of such a system, it will serve you for many years. Gas containers (gas holders) must be checked for the strength of welded joints and are provided with special protection against current. Gas tanks are installed only on a solid foundation, which eliminates deformation of such a structure. Enterprises engaged in design and installation work, to install an autonomous gas supply, must have a license for such types of work.

Disadvantages of autonomous gasification:

Like any system, it has its shortcomings. The main disadvantage of autonomous gasification is refilling the container. Liquefied gas is highly explosive, but if everything is done efficiently and correctly, then this probability is below zero. The most important thing, when installing autonomous gasification, is to choose the right company that is engaged in design and installation work, and to follow all the rules during installation.

The moment has come when all the difficulties are behind you, your cottage has been gasified. Read the safety instructions to your family and explain to them in great detail what is not allowed and what is allowed. And, it’s time to boldly enjoy a comfortable existence, safety and environmental friendliness.

egs-spb.ru

Pros and cons of autonomous gasification

Please note that gas fuel is intended for combustion and is therefore considered explosive and its use is carefully controlled. Therefore, if you decide to create an autonomous gasification system in a country house, you should trust the work only to an official company that has the appropriate approvals and certification.

An autonomous gasification system is a complex configuration consisting of many modules, each of which is essential for normal, stable and, most importantly, safe operation. Therefore, we do not recommend saving on components by discarding individual parts or replacing them with low-quality analogues.

Disadvantages of autonomous gasification

On the one side this system eliminates the need to regularly refill fuel tanks, as required by liquid or solid fuel options. However, this entails other responsibilities; in particular, the owner must constantly monitor the condition of the gas tank to avoid gas leaks. It is also necessary to monitor the remaining gas so that important point the system did not shut down due to lack of fuel.

This is easy to do thanks to modern telemetry modules; modifications of some of them can transmit data even remotely via the Internet or GSM connection.

During the evaporation process, condensate forms on the walls of the gas tank, which, if it enters the gearbox, can cause malfunctions in the system.

The gas tank models offered by our company have increased insurance against such manifestations. Their selection will be made by qualified specialists who are well-versed in determining parameters taking into account operating conditions, soil type and technological features gas consuming installation.

In conclusion, it should be noted the importance of choosing a fuel supplier for refueling gas tanks, a trusted and responsible partner.

Advantages of autonomous gas supply

Some users note the high cost of all work in combination with the purchase of equipment as a disadvantage of autonomous gasification. However, it is important to take into account other economic components:

the price of fuel in comparison with other energy resources;
system performance;
fuel storage costs;
high practicality, because when connecting to the main gas pipeline in the future, the property owner will not be required to incur additional costs for refurbishment of the system!

In addition to this:

Savings, because cost of heat generated using gas fuel mixture many times cheaper than other analogues.
Environmentally friendly, because the environmental damage from gas combustion is minimal.
No unpleasant odors from exhaust.
The durability of the equipment is approximately a quarter higher than that of liquid heating units.
Wide possibilities, because liquefied gas from a gas tank can be used not only for heating a building, but also for cooking.
Absolute ease of use.

You can also find information on the topic:

Ready solutions autonomous gasification:

Still have questions? We will help you make the right choice!

www.gasteplo.ru

Autonomous gasification of a private house

In an attempt to gain energy independence, the owners of houses and cottages go to all sorts of tricks, install wind generators, solar panels. Ultimately, having gone through a lot of options, they return to gas. Of course, for those villages where gas is supplied there are no questions, but what about those whose homes have been bypassed by civilization? How to bring gas into the house if the gas pipeline is not even in the plans of the local authorities? Let's figure out what autonomous gasification of a private house is (more details here http://www.etalongaz.ru/avtonomnaya_gazifikatsiya.html?

Scheme of autonomous gas supply for a private house

IN in general terms The simplest autonomous gasification can be called the installation of liquefied gas cylinders. This option is only acceptable for a dacha or summer house, where you just need to cook food on a gas stove. But what should you do if you not only need to cook dinners, but also heat the house and heat water for the bathroom? For these purposes, gas tanks are installed - these are large tanks for storing natural or any other gas. There are gas holders of constant volume, which are spherical or cylindrical steel tanks. Gas is stored in them under pressure up to 1.8 MPa. Thus, autonomous gas supply to cottages is carried out using underground or above-ground gas holders with a volume of 20 to 50 cubic meters. It is possible to make a gas tank by connecting several liquefied gas cylinders.

The volume of the gas tank should be determined only on the basis of calculations that take into account the gas consumption of each device in the system. The pressure in an autonomous gas supply system is created by the evaporation of liquefied gas; the faster the gas evaporates, the greater the pressure in the system, so it is very important to correctly calculate the volume of the gas tank itself or use devices that increase fuel evaporation.

By the way, by installing an autonomous gas supply system in your home, you can provide yourself with an emergency or constant source of electricity; for this, it is enough to purchase a gas generator. The issue of autonomous heating of a country house http://www.etalongaz.ru/otoplenie_chastnih_domov_.html is also resolved, a double-circuit gas boiler and the correct calculation of heating radiators will make your home warm and cozy even in the most severe frost.

Installation of an autonomous gasification system

Gas tank installation

The gas storage tank must be installed below the freezing point of the soil, at concrete base to prevent any movement of the gas holder during soil shrinkage. Then, as a rule, it is laid polyethylene pipeline from the tank to the kitchen or boiler room, where the control equipment is installed. Modern electronics will not only supply gas to gas appliances, but also monitor gas leaks, and if there is one, turn off the gas supply and notify the owners.

It is worth noting that connecting a group of houses or cottages will significantly reduce the cost of installing an autonomous gas supply system. An economic calculation showed that if 15 houses are connected to a common autonomous gasification system, then the cost of gas supply to each house will be two times lower than with an individual project.

Most likely, it would be superfluous to mention that doing gasification work on your home yourself is not only a bad idea, but also dangerous for you and your household, so finding professionals in this matter is your first task.

stroy-dom.info

Gasification intensity - Chemist's Handbook 21

In our country, boiler fuels are the most common petroleum product. However, due to the intensive gasification of boiler plants or their transfer to solid forms

It is proposed to gasify liquid hydrocarbons with water vapor in a fluidized bed of catalyst particles in an ascending layer of superheated steam and particles. Part of the resulting gas is returned to the process, mixing it with superheated water vapor in order to obtain hydrogen from it, which is believed to increase the intensity of the process (see Table 32, No. 3). The catalyst is separated from the gas stream and sent for regeneration by burning off the carbon deposited on it. When processing heavy raw materials (fuel oil) they use additional operation evaporation of hydrocarbons on the surface of inert solid coke particles on which coke and ash are deposited. The volatile part of the raw material is processed as described above.

At the same time, the yield of by-products continuously increased from 5.5% for light naphthas to 8.5 and 15%, respectively, for heavy naphthas and kerosene. The main difficulty in conducting the process when processing high-boiling materials is the impossibility of complete evaporation of the raw material, especially at the increased pressure required for gasification of high-boiling liquid hydrocarbons. If these hydrocarbons remain in liquid state at the inlet temperature (450°C), intense cracking will occur throughout the entire volume. To avoid this, hydrogen is sometimes heated separately to a temperature significantly higher than the temperature of the liquid feed.

To cover the heat deficit during dry distillation and coal gasification processes, attempts are being made to use hot hydrogen high pressure to initiate the process of methanization of coke residue, which is exothermic, and simultaneous removal of volatiles from coal. This technology is used in the HIGAS process and the Hydran process; its advantage is that in this case a raw gas is formed that already contains some methane, and therefore a less intensive methanization process is required to obtain HPG. However, the hydrogen necessary for this purpose can be obtained by gasifying part of the coke residue with steam-oxygen blast, or by additional processing of water gas in order to increase the hydrogen content in it.

The intensity of soot entrainment should be determined by the ratio of the forces holding soot particles near the surface and the friction forces in the gas flow. In the processes of particle transfer, a significant role can be played by the phenomenon of thermophoresis, caused by the presence of a large temperature gradient near the boiler stack. The work found a dependence of the pollution coefficient e on the mass velocity 17 (data obtained in a pilot plant for the gasification of sulfur fuel oil) with a soot content in the gas of 3.5 g/m (Fig. 68). For a different soot concentration in the gas (g, g/m), a correction factor K is introduced. The dependence of the correction factor on the soot concentration in the gas is shown in Fig. 69.

Fluidized bed gas generators that use finely dispersed fuel have the maximum intensity. In Fig. Figure 9.11 shows a technological scheme for the production of water gas by gasification in a fluidized bed.

The requirements for raw materials in this process are less stringent than in the Lurgi process - gasification of high-ash (up to 40%) and caking coals is possible. However, it is preferable to use coals with sufficiently high reactivity - brown coals, reactive bituminous coals, lignite coke and semi-coke with particle size mixing of solid particles in the fluidized bed leads to a practically isothermal regime, which facilitates temperature control in the reactor.

Expressed by D.I. Mendeleev back in 1888, the idea of underground gasification received its intensive development in the 1940s. In the USSR, USA, and France, research and pilot testing of new developments are still being carried out. Domestic developments not only had priority, but were also carried out on a larger scale.

However, their reserves are declining, and for some types of fuel and in some regions they are close to depletion. On the other hand, intensive development chemical industry synthetic materials require a significant increase in the consumption of organic and mineral raw materials. Oil, coal, and natural gases are the raw materials for producing such materials using controlled organic synthesis. The integrated use of feedstock is currently based on the production of new types of fuel (for example, gasification solid fuel) and organic and inorganic products and intermediates.

The intensity of fuel gasification is usually understood as the weight of fuel gasified per unit time, per unit cross-section of the gas generator shaft.

In the pre-war years, intensive use of natural and artificial gas for domestic needs began, gas consumption in Moscow and Leningrad was expanded, gasification of Grozny, Zhdanov, Makeevka and other cities and workers’ settlements began.

In the case when the gasification process on the surface proceeds much more intensely than the reverse process and there is no radiation, dn = 0, the value of m increases monotonically with increasing pressure and asymptotically approaches the maximum value at poo (Fig. 2). Heat losses (dp 0) do not noticeably change this result for large values of m, but for small values of m there is a minimum value of p, below which a solution for m does not exist. For values of p greater than the minimum, the function m (p) is a two-valued function, like shown schematically in Fig. 2. Apparently, a smaller value of m corresponds to an unstable solution, and the minimum value of p determines the lower limit of flame propagation by pressure. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results for the case of combustion of pure solid perchlorate

Much better than in an ordinary torch, the process of mass gasification is organized in any, even the most primitive layer. A fixed layer of lump fuel on a simple grate, blown with air, represents a well-organized zone of gasification of solid fuel. In a stabilized process, even when working with cold air, very high temperatures quickly develop along the flow of this air in the layer, reaching 1,700-1,800 ° C. At such temperatures and the presence of oxygen in the air, the gasification process proceeds very intensively and releases gaseous intermediates into the furnace gasification, which should burn already in the combustion space in a flame (torch) way, i.e. in a purely diffusion-type process, if there is a sufficient amount of free oxygen in this space, which is actively attracted to true mixture formation.)8

The purpose of research into bench-scale and industrial cyclone furnaces, both in our country and abroad, was mainly to find the dependence of the overall final characteristics of the combustion process on operating conditions and design ratios of chamber dimensions. Meanwhile, a correct and complete explanation of the impact of certain operating conditions and design parameters on the final characteristics of the camera operation is impossible without studying the structure of the process, with the internal nature of which all the total effects are inextricably linked. The structure of the process is usually understood as the position, size and intensity of the various zones (zones of mixture formation, fuel ignition, gasification of solid particles, etc.) that arise in the combustion chamber during fuel combustion.

During the grinding process of shale, large dust particles are enriched with calcium carbonate, and small dust fractions are enriched with compounds alkali metals. Thus, ash components capable of contaminating heating surfaces are most concentrated in the outermost fractions of dust. Based on this, the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, together with the Tallinn Polytechnic Institute and other organizations, proposed a method of burning oil shale, which involves gasification of large fractions of dust in a low-temperature reactor, followed by combustion of the products of thermal decomposition of fuel in a furnace, and a small part of the dust is burned in the flue of a steam generator behind the furnace at a temperature , not exceeding the temperature of intense volatilization of alkali metals from the fuel.

In addition, the gas contains less Hj, CO and COj. There is no burnt coke during unloading. The solid residue during pyrolysis, which makes up 2-5% of the total coke, is also considered coke. It is likely that this systematic discrepancy with the Marieno coke oven battery is explained by the fact that the gasification reaction of coke with water vapor proceeds less intensively in the Jenkner retort due to the shorter duration of contact of the gas with the hot coke. The discrepancy with the results obtained from a coke oven battery could possibly be reduced by lining the pyrolyzer with refractory bricks.

A classic confirmation of the diffusion nature of the process is the influence of particle size. More intensive removal of sulfur with a higher initial content is explained by an earlier start of sulfur removal with the formation more transport channels with the opening of pores, which is equivalent to crushing coke. The process of hydrodesulfurization is also realized through the opening of pores through the destruction of the carbon matrix by gasification with hydrogen. The deepening of the thermal desulfurization process during two-stage heat treatment is explained by the formation of microcracks - pores due to stress relaxation. Hardening the structure and increasing the strength of the carbon matrix of cokes from oxidized raw materials and raw materials treated with acid slow down the thermal desulfurization process.

The influence of temperature on the gasification process at different degrees of mixing of raw materials and the resulting soot with air and combustion products is not the same. In Fig. Figure 41 shows the dependence of the specific geometric surface of soot particles on the average temperature of the combustion process of raw materials in a macrodiffusion flame (at low mixing ratios of raw materials with air). It can be seen from the figure that under these conditions the specific surface area of soot particles reaches a limiting value at relatively low temperatures(1600 K). At high mixing coefficients (in a microdiffusion flame), such a limiting value of the specific surface area is not achieved even at higher temperatures (2100 K), since conditions are created for intensive gasification.

As can be seen from the figure, the combustion of particles charcoal, less than 500 microns, occurs in the region of the non-burning boundary layer (if wet gasification reactions are not taken into account) in almost the entire range of possible temperatures. At accepted values kinetic characteristics, torch combustion of particles corresponds to the kinetic and intermediate regions and proceeds according to the scheme of a non-burning boundary layer (6 500 μm and 1800° K). The combustion of particles larger than 1-5 mm in size, which is encountered during layered combustion of fuel, occurs in the region of the burning boundary layer (5e > 0.4). The transition to this region for various combustion devices (conventional counterflow furnaces and high-speed combustion furnaces) occurs at different temperatures due to the unequal intensity of material exchange in the layer. If the area of burnout of a carbon particle is determined, then we can proceed to determining the time of its burnout.

The peculiarity of layer combustion is that during combustion the fuel lies in a layer of greater or less thickness on a grate (or in a special shaft) and the air necessary for combustion and gasification is blown through the fuel layer. The nature of combustion depends on the chemical activity of the fuel, its fractional composition, ballast content, behavior of the zone and coke residue, etc. Regulating the intensity of combustion is usually carried out by changing the flow of blast air. During combustion, combustion products, unburnt products of thermal decomposition of fuel and small fuel particles are carried out of the layer into the combustion space above the layer. The completion of their combustion occurs in the combustion space above the layer. As a result, its value is chosen to avoid losses due to chemical and mechanical underburning.

The intensity or acceleration of gasification, in addition to the nature of the fuel, is greatly influenced by the amount of resistance to the movement of gases through the fuel layer and the uniformity of fuel distribution across the cross section of the gas generator. In this case, the main factor on which the intensity of gasification depends is the physicochemical nature of the processed fuel ( size of pieces, sinterability, moisture and ash content, etc.).

Gasification intensity and productivity of modern semi-mechanized gas generators

Method of gasification and type of processed fuel Gasification intensity Gas generator productivity in m 1 hour

The intensity of gasification can be increased by using fine-grained fuel with a large reaction surface of the particles. It turned out to be advisable to gasify fine-grained fuel in a boiling and suspended state, which not only increased intensification. process, but also made it possible to significantly expand the gasification raw material base due to. low-grade fuels (dust, chips, coal, semi-coke and other fines, etc.).

The principle of gasification of fine-grained fuel in a fluidized bed is that at a certain blast speed and fuel size, the layer of fuel lying on the grate begins to move. in appearance resembling boiling liquid. Provides intensive mixing of freshly loaded raw materials with hot coal and air. maintaining practically the same temperature in gas generators with a fluidized bed. along its entire height. Because of this, in this type of gas generators it is impossible to distinguish temperature zones that are characteristic of layer gas generators.

Similar government considerations have recently led to intensive government support in a number of countries outside the United States for the development of hard and brown coal deposits. Australia will soon begin gasification of brown coal to produce gasoline and heating fuels. The shortage of hard coals and the absence of any significant oil deposits forced the state-owned Gas and Electricity Corporation to begin construction of a plant in Victoria (Australia) costing about $24 million. This plant will gasify brown coal using the Lurgi process, carried out in Germany for 20 years already. The first stage of the plant provides for the production of only fuel gas, tar and a small amount of gasoline. However, in the future it is planned to increase the production of gasoline to 600 m per day and organize the production of diesel fuel, heating oils, fuel gas and chemical products. In South Africa, a government plant for the production of liquid fuels from coal was launched several years ago near Johannesburg. It produces gasoline, boiler and diesel fuel, phenols, aromatic solvents, resins, creosote and other types of chemical raw materials. Although it was initially assumed that government subsidies for the operation of the plant would not be required...

In the solid fuel combustion model considered here, the possibility of radiation heat losses from the surface of the condensed phase is taken into account, homogeneous reactions in the gas phase and gasification on the surface are taken into account, which can occur either much more intensely than the reverse process (unhindered gasification), or be in equilibrium, or be of an intermediate nature. Rosen was the first to explore this type of model. He determined the burning rates of solid rocket fuels, in which the gasification process determines the burning rate (formula (b) is valid), and there are no heat losses. Johnson and Nachbar obtained very accurate values for the value of m using similar assumptions regarding the gasification process, but taking into account radiation from the surface. Using the approximate graphical method, Spalding [1] revealed many qualitative features of the behavior of the value m in the case of unhindered gasification, which determines the combustion rate [formula (6)], and under equilibrium conditions on the surface [formula (12)], both with and without taking into account radiation heat losses. Studies carried out under the assumption of the intermediate nature of the process on the surface [formula (I)] have not been reported in the literature.

After the fuel warms up to the appropriate temperature level, the stage of pyrogenetic decomposition begins with the release of volatiles and coke formation. Under the influence of the environment and high temperature, the primary composition of volatiles itself undergoes profound changes, finally becoming gasified before entering into an intense combustion process. In essence, the actual fuel that actually enters into the active combustion process is not the primary fuel, but this fuel gas, a product of gasification of volatiles and solid carbon coke. The combustion mechanism of these final fuels is completely different, and the very process of their combustion occurs either non-simultaneously in the same place of the combustion chamber (fixed layer), or simultaneously, but in different zones of the combustion chamber (moving layer). Solid carbon also undergoes, if not complete, then at least partial preliminary gasification.

The practice of circulation-vortex furnaces has shown that frestorf ash has noticeable abrasive properties, which forced the entire streamlined surface, which is washed by the primary air stream and which can be intensively abraded by peat particles, to be constructed in the form of screen pipes, covered on top with well-fitted cast iron tiles. The lower circulation part of the combustion space of the Shershnev furnace plays the role of a gasifier. In it, along with partial combustion, enhanced gasification of the fuel occurs. After the particles circulating in it are crushed to a size at which they begin to obey the law of soaring, they can be entrained along with gaseous combustion products and combustible gas into the afterburning space of the furnace, in which

The presence of such cold walls near pulverized coal chambers does not go unpunished for the development of the flare process. It leads to an extremely uneven distribution of temperatures across the cross section of the chamber, which turn out to be very high in the central parts of the flow, remote from the wall cold, and very low near the cold walls, which take away significant amounts of heat from the gas and particles for the direct impact, i.e. intense radiation perception of cold screen heating surfaces. That part of the zero-air flow that passes through the central, high-temperature zones of the furnace enters into early and rapid gas formation of highly heated particles. The rest, the edge sections of the dusty-air flow, passing through supercooled zones, sluggishly participate in the process of gasification of the fuel, and sometimes, due to poor design of the combustion chamber and its irrational combination with pulverized coal burners, this part of the dust does not even have time to enter the gasification process and is carried away unused view into the gas ducts.

It is believed that SO3 is formed almost entirely during the combustion process itself liquid fuel. The SO3 output increases with increasing excess air and decreasing temperature. Gasification of liquid fuel vapor entering the combustion zone of each individual drop and combustion of coke residue, depending on the intensity of air supply and temperature level, is accompanied by the release of CO, Hg, C2H2, CH4 and other heavier hydrocarbons with abundant soot formation. Under these conditions, reduction reactions of the type SOg + CO CO + SOj occur simultaneously with the formation of SO3.

The gasification program from 2005 to 2025 provides for the implementation of measures to 833 objects. The total length of the constructed gas pipelines will be4856 km. Conditions for gasification will be created742 settlements of the Moscow region, in which more than370.2 thousand Human.

Program criteria:

1. For measures to develop gasification of populated areas of the Moscow region - the number of citizens permanently residing in a populated area of the Moscow region, from 100 people (with the exception of populated areas of the Moscow region, the development of gasification of which is planned to be carried out as part of the fulfillment of the obligations of the Moscow region under the Synchronization Schedule implementation of regional gasification programs Russian Federation, agreed with PJSC Gazprom).

2. For measures to increase the throughput of the gas distribution system:
1) design and construction of new gas distribution stations, construction of inter-settlement gas pipelines necessary for the uninterrupted operation of existing networks from gas distribution stations, the capacity of which has reached the design capacity and/or reconstruction of which is provided for by the Agreement on gasification of the Moscow region dated March 18, 2015 N 03, signed between the Government Moscow region and Gazprom transgaz Moscow LLC;
2) construction of gas pipelines in cities and rural settlements of the Moscow region, including gas pipelines between gas reduction points and social facilities, the need for which is related to the minimum recorded pressure in the networks:
for high-pressure gas pipelines of category I less than 0.6 MPa;
for high-pressure gas pipelines of category II less than 0.3 MPa;
for medium pressure gas pipelines less than 0.005 MPa;
for gas pipelines low pressure less than 0.0013 MPa;
3) reconstruction of gas pipelines due to significant wear or damage identified based on the results of: diagnostics of gas pipelines with a service life of more than 40 years; instrument examination (every 5 years); corrosion inspection (annually).

3. For measures to create conditions for ensuring the development of gas supply land plots for the implementation of investment projects on the territory of the Moscow region for the period until 2025 - compliance of investment projects to be implemented on the relevant land plots with the Decree of the Government of the Moscow Region dated 09/03/2015 N 757/24 “On the procedure for concluding, amending and terminating agreements on the implementation of investment projects on the territory of the Moscow region" and the existence of a concluded agreement on the implementation of investment projects on the territory of the Moscow region

Main goals and objectives of the Program

Implementation public policy to provide the population of the Moscow region with natural gas based on the implementation advanced technologies and maximum use of the potential of the gas distribution system of the Moscow region.
Creation of favorable conditions for the long-term development of gas supply to housing and communal services, industrial and other organizations.
Creation of favorable conditions for gasification of rural settlements of the Moscow region.
Creation of favorable conditions for the transfer of gas distribution systems in settlements of the Moscow region from liquefied petroleum gas to natural gas and the transfer of boiler houses from other types of fuel to natural gas with the introduction of energy-saving technologies and modern materials, decentralization of heating and hot water supply systems.
Promoting the reform of housing and communal services in the Moscow region.
Improving the living conditions of the population of the Moscow region, ensuring the growth of industrial and agricultural production, creating new jobs, increasing revenues from taxes, fees and other payments to the budgets of all levels of the budget system of the Russian Federation.
Increasing the investment attractiveness of the Moscow region and developing investment activity of economic entities.
Creation of new gas supply sources to supply gas to the gas distribution system of the Moscow region.
Increasing the capacity of the gas distribution system

What to do if there is a house, but the gas main is not connected to it? The answer is simple - we need autonomous gasification of a private house, ensuring the supply of blue fuel to the gas stove and heating boilers. This is not an easy task; it requires careful design, strict adherence to building codes and special knowledge.

But it is still worth considering this gasification option in more detail, since it has many advantages. We will tell you how the system works, which working units are included in the autonomous complex.

We will describe the specifics of operating a gas tank and bottled gas supply, and also outline the rules for the design, design and installation of a local gas pipeline.

Gas stove connected to a liquefied gas cylinder is a common occurrence. Using the same principle, you can supply blue fuel to gas boiler to provide heating and hot water supply to the entire house. You just need a larger container or even several tanks of liquefied gas.

The fuel used in such systems is an analogue of natural gas, which consists of a mixture of butane and propane. This mixture is called LPG - liquefied hydrocarbon gas.

Image gallery

But if people live in a house or cottage all year round, you should definitely install an underground tank.

Gas tanks designed for installation underground are more in demand than above-ground models, since they provide a stable temperature for storing liquefied gas

Although it is easier to install an above-ground gas tank, there are more problems with its operation. Due to the influence of high and unstable temperatures, such devices are subject to more stringent safety requirements. The cost of above-ground installations is also usually higher than for underground counterparts.

As a rule, land-based models are installed where large gas consumption is not planned. The container will be emptied periodically, so you need to immediately think about whether to prefer a stationary or mobile option. Refueling of mobile models equipped with wheels for towing is carried out as follows:

Image gallery

Gas / Gasification in the Moscow region

The Moscow region authorities promise to speed up the gasification of populated areas in the region. Acting Governor of the Moscow Region Andrei Vorobyov said that by the spring of this year a new program will be adopted, which will indicate addresses and specific deadlines for gasification. Its implementation will allow the gas pipe to be brought up to the intra-village streets in a short time.

However, at the finish line, when the long-awaited gas pipeline passes next to the household, residents of the Moscow region will be faced with the need to solve a standard problem - bringing gas into the house. For most of us, this is the first experience of gasification, and we approach its solution unprepared, with many questions: “How to connect to the pipe, who to contact, how much will it cost?”

The Moscow Region correspondent conducted his own research into what steps need to be taken before the “blue light” lights up in your kitchen, as well as who is the best and safest person to contact to carry out the work.

Gasification in the Moscow region: an example of fraud

Unfortunately, no one is immune from deception; even highly educated and famous people often fall for the tricks of scammers. So, in one of the elite cottage villages, the client decided to install gas to his house. There was no need to pull the pipe from afar; it was already running next to the site. An agreement for gas connection was signed with one of the many companies found on the Internet. The contractor took on all the work and all the worries, which is called “turnkey”, for which he asked for a lot of money.

After thinking, the applicant agreed and made an advance payment of 25% of the agreed amount. For this money, he had the gas pipeline completely installed, after which he was offered to pay the remaining amount, promising that the gas would be launched in the near future. When the customer asked to show the agreed project, and then the rest of the documents, the answer was that this was not necessary, the gas would be released anyway. After this, the applicant, having doubts about the integrity of the contractor, decided to contact the operating organization - Mosoblgaz.

There, they heard nothing about the company that carried out the work; no one approached the gas workers with the project. As a result, the money paid in advance was lost, since the already installed equipment cannot be used without documents, properly and timely executed acts.

In the above case, we can say that everything turned out to be a “little loss”, largely due to the fact that the customer realized it in time. But it can be worse, and therefore, before you trust anyone, you need to carefully prepare: carefully study the gasification procedure, market participants and approximate prices for the work.

Gasification procedure: technical conditions and design

The procedure for connecting to gas supply consists of several stages. It all starts with obtaining technical conditions that clearly state what will serve as the source of gas supply, be it one house or a collective development. It also indicates what gas-using equipment is installed and other special conditions.

It is important that the procedure for obtaining technical specifications is free. Unfortunately, unscrupulous contractors manage to charge their own tariff for this service in the estimate,” explains Dmitry Yuryev, director of the branch of the State Unitary Enterprise MO Mosoblgaz.

After receiving the technical specifications, you need to make a gasification project. It can be ordered either from Mosoblgaz itself or from any other contractor. The cost of such a project may vary depending on its complexity, as well as pricing policy various companies operating in this market.

Next, the project must be agreed upon and registered with Mosoblgaz. Please note that approval of projects in the Moscow region is carried out exclusively by the State Unitary Enterprise MO Mosoblgaz. Approval is paid, but registration is not, although the same intermediaries can take advantage of residents’ ignorance and charge their own price for it.

Gasification: how to build a gas pipeline and bring gas into the house

The next stage is obtaining permission to build a gas pipeline from local authorities, if required. For example, you will need to get the go-ahead if you have to lay a pipe to locality or an area several kilometers away. Mosoblgaz does not resolve such issues, and various intermediaries are actively working here who are ready to “settle” the problem if it arises.

After obtaining permission, a contractor is hired to carry out construction and installation work, who will physically install a gas pipeline to the house, make internal wiring, and also supply everything necessary equipment- counter, gas alarm, chimney. As a rule, one contractor is hired for both the project, the permit, and the laying of pipes, as this is easier than dealing with several firms, each of which may have its own idea of how exactly the work should be done on each of them. stages.

During construction and installation work, it is important to have all properly executed permits, otherwise all the work performed, as in the above case, will be a waste of money and time. In addition, all equipment used requires appropriate documents.

Any part that makes up a gas pipeline, be it a pipe, a basement inlet, a meter, a gas alarm, all taps, must have a product passport. All this is then put into a folder when you prepare the executive and technical documentation. You present it when you hand over the property to us,” says Dmitry Yuryev.

When, as they say, “the pipe has fallen on the pipe,” that is, the gas pipeline has been installed, it must be handed over to the regional operational service of Mosoblgaz. In addition to technical documentation, she checks the pressure in the gas pipeline and carries out pressure testing. This is necessary to ensure that the gas pipeline is safe before connecting. This procedure is free.

Next comes the delivery of the gas pipeline, which is also free, although many contractors charge money for this. Then comes the sidebar. This stage requires costs, but again not as much as some companies can imagine. And the last thing is the gas start-up, after which the gasification process is completed.

Mosobolgaz: list of bona fide gasification companies

Mosoblgaz notes: we are ready to implement the entire project on our own. But if the customer has decided to turn not to Mosoblgaz, but to other contractors, then it will be useful to at least find out what the life history of the selected company is, what SRO it belongs to, whether it is on the list of scammers, and if not, then clarify whether it has performed such work earlier. Then the likelihood of falling for scammers will be much less.

In connection with the increasing cases of fraud on the part of unscrupulous contractors performing work on gasification of private consumers in the Moscow region, the State Unitary Enterprise MO "Mosoblgaz" posted on its website information about organizations united in the non-profit partnership SRO "Association of Builders of the Moscow Region" that have a certificate of admission to certain types of work.

Go to the list of companies engaged in gasification in the Moscow region and approved by Mosbolgaz.

Mosobolgaz also offers consultation on gasification issues in the Moscow region

Mosoblgaz: “If you have doubts about decisions made within the framework of gasification, you can always seek free professional advice from the State Unitary Enterprise MO Mosoblgaz through:

helpline: +7 (495) 597 55 69 (24 hours a day);
[email protected](round the clock);
pre-registration and meetings with the heads of branches, the management of the State Unitary Enterprise MO "Mosoblgaz" (weekly)."