Furniture panel is a building material that is made from solid pieces of wood glued together with a special non-toxic glue. Despite the fact that the production technology was invented at the end of the 19th century, the material gained real popularity only at the end of the 20th century.
Unlike solid wood, the shield is produced in the form of wooden plates, 1 to 5 cm thick and has a very characteristic appearance.
Preserving the structure of the tree, Newest technologies allow you to achieve the most smooth and even surface, which does not crack or deform over time.
Production technology and price
Modern technologies make it possible to achieve maximum gluing strength of individual lamellas, which in their characteristics are in no way inferior to solid wood.
The cost of the finished product depends on the type of wood that was used to make the shield. When making furniture, boards of different price categories are used.
For facing works, façade elements material used highest quality, without knots and defects.
The high strength and thickness of the slab allow the material to be used for the manufacture of decorative items, carved railings and home decoration.
For rear walls wardrobe, chest of drawers and beds, specialists can, to reduce the cost, take material of average quality.
What are the main advantages of this material?
Of course, first of all, it's magnificent appearance and durability. When choosing a laminated board for a bed or wardrobe, you can be sure that even your grandchildren will use this furniture.
Speaking about the advantages of laminated board, it is impossible not to mention its environmental friendliness and hypoallergenicity, which will be appreciated by people suffering from allergies and forced to refuse budget options furniture made of MDF and chipboard.
In fact, the shield is not much different from natural wood, which, however, costs an order of magnitude more:
- Durability;
- Practicality;
- No deformation;
- Hygiene;
- Great appearance;
- Eco-friendly and hypoallergenic.
Furniture for bedrooms and storage
Who among us does not dream of being in pine forest, taking a deep breath fresh air? Furniture made from laminated board is distinguished not only by its aesthetic appearance, but also carries positive energy. Wood adsorbs harmful substances, releasing beneficial features. Such products can be safely used for the bedroom and nursery. Wood from Angara pine and larch, which is known for its healing properties.
Thanks to the thickness from 1 to 5 cm, craftsmen can apply magnificent carvings on the front side of such material, which is impossible to do on chipboard and MDF.
By appearance, only an experienced specialist will be able to distinguish natural solid wood from glued bars.
Doors made from laminated wood slabs are characterized by increased sound insulation, and due to their high strength, they can be used both as interior and entrance doors.
The price of furniture panels is perhaps the only drawback that greatly limits the scope of this building material. But on the other hand, durability and magnificent appearance justify this price, making furniture board a fairly popular building material.
Due to the complexity of production of this building material, it cannot be classified as a budget material and only true connoisseurs of beauty can afford furniture made from glued board.
FEATURES OF FURNITURE BOARD MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(SPbGLTA, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)
The article places for consideration key regulations of the technology of manufacture furniture shield, as well as conditions and factors having influence on the quality of treatment of the furniture shield and its gluing.
Furniture board- as the main semi-finished product used in the production of cabinet furniture made from solid wood, staircase parts, etc., it is the most in demand environmentally pure material. And at the same time, the process of its manufacture is characterized by labor, material, and energy consumption, in contrast to the technology of manufacturing panel materials such as chipboard, fiberboard, MDF.
Multi-operation technological process due to the specifics of the material itself - wood– as the object of processing, the equipment and materials used, as well as the requirements for the quality of the final product. Wood with anisotropic properties, different densities, structure, defects, type of sawing significantly influences the choice of technology. There are several manufacturing process schemes, but the most common and effective is the so-called “Swedish” technology. But in any case, compliance with the technology, modes, and processing parameters is a guarantee of obtaining high-quality furniture boards that meet consumer and operational requirements. As a rule, lamellas in a furniture panel are glued into a smooth fugue using PVAD-based adhesives with the addition of a hardener, or without it if this is not specified in the technical specifications. Such binders have a transparent, elastic adhesive seam of high strength, which is necessary for furniture panels, and can withstand temperature and humidity deformations, and mechanical loads. With the use of these adhesives, intensification of HDTV heating or conductive heating can be used in gluing technology.
It should be noted following conditions technological process, without which gluing a high-quality board is impossible:
Uniformity of moisture indicators of the quality of lumber drying. The final humidity required by the technology (for furniture panels it is 8±1.5%). Such strict humidity limits are determined by operational and technological requirements. The lower one is associated with the gluing process (surface wettability with the binder, absorbency, penetrating ability of the glue), further machining shield (calibration, grinding, milling). Overdried wood impairs the quality of its processing, forms chips, peels the fiber, and has low ductility. Too high humidity of the lumber to be processed leads to even worse problems when gluing the board, its further sanding and finishing. When planing, the quality of the jointed surface of the lamellas is unsatisfactory due to the formation of hairiness. High humidity of the lamellas affects the duration of exposure in the hot press, the polymerization of the binder and the strength of the adhesive seam. The heterogeneity of the humidity indicators of the drying quality of lumber, especially differences in humidity across their cross-section, as a result of cutting into lamellas, leads to the fact that slats with different humidity levels, different from the average, get into the assembled board. This contributes to the appearance of various types of deformations. The tendency of the lamellas to reach an equilibrium moisture state in the glued board when exposed to certain conditions contributes to varying degrees to their drying and swelling. Such processes entail either warping of the shield or cracking at the ends during its processing and operation.
Of course, the uniformity of moisture indicators of drying quality is key condition for the production of furniture panels at a high level.
The geometry of the lamellas, i.e. rectangularity and dimensional stability. For pressing this is very important condition. If it is not observed, proper contact between the gluing surfaces is not ensured, and non-gluing is formed along the entire length of the shield - this is a defect. The geometry of the lamellas can be achieved by the precision of equipment settings, the qualifications of the operating personnel and the technical equipment of the machines on which lumber is processed. Modern equipment makes it possible to fulfill this requirement, but not always. Half-melt planing guarantees geometry if the knives in the planing drums are positioned perpendicular to the tables (planing bases) and the precision of the work of the clamps and feed rollers. Using Swedish technology, i.e., planing lumber with simultaneous cutting of them into lamellas, ensures the most accurate perpendicularity of the processed edges, since the saw shaft with the saw position is perpendicular to the tables. Correct positioning of the saw shaft in relation to the tables of the four-sided machine, as well as adjusting the clamps, will make it possible to obtain a lamella with strictly perpendicular sides.
The amount of binder applied to the surfaces to be bonded (glue consumption). The glue consumption is regulated by the supplier company, but is specified by the gluing conditions, viscosity, wood type, humidity, application equipment, etc. On average, the consumption is 120-150 g/sq.m. m. Insufficient application of the binder causes low strength of the adhesive seam and, as a consequence, unsticking of the board. The consumption is too high - it is necessary to increase the holding time, both before pressing and during the gluing process, the productivity of the leading equipment drops sharply. In technology for applying glue, it is convenient to use the roller method. The upper pressure is adjustable, the lower is corrugated with grooves, the depth and width of which have certain dimensions. When applied to the lamella, the glue should be located on the surface in the form of even strips without breaks.
Press pressure. An integral condition for gluing, without pressing pressure it is impossible to ensure proper contact between the bonded surfaces. The pressure does not have to be high to prevent deformation of the lamellas in the shield. The criterion for assessing the pressing pressure is a small amount of glue released along the ends and onto the surface of the board.
The conditions listed above are necessary; failure to comply with them entails serious economic problems for the enterprise. The percentage of defects increases, it is good if it is tracked at the initial operations, and not in the final product from the consumer.
In addition to the basic conditions in the manufacturing technology of furniture panels, there are a number of features that should be mentioned.
Firstly, the duration of technological exposure of the material. There is an opinion that a planed strip should not be left in a free state for a long time, more than a day, i.e., everything that has been planed should be glued together. This is due to the loss of activity of the adhesive surface, namely its oxidation and closing of wood pores. Curing of the board after gluing before further machining. German experts believe that the glued shield should be kept for at least 4 hours, some say at least 6. In any case, the boards must be cured, especially after hot pressing, to ensure relaxation of temperature and humidity stresses arising during the gluing process.
Secondly, the pressing temperature. Temperature is the intensification of the process, for various breeds it must be regulated. For coniferous species The pressing temperature should not exceed 75 – 80 °C. If the drying of lumber was carried out without crystallization of the resin, then the high pressing temperature promotes the release of resin onto the surface of the board, and this has an unsatisfactory effect on further sanding (the abrasive quickly becomes clogged with wood dust along with the resin), the grinding surface becomes wavy and in some cases burns. As a result, it is not the grinding process as one of the types of wood cutting that occurs, but the rubbing of the wood. Therefore, the finishing of such a shield paint and varnish materials will be problematic. For hardwoods, especially oak, there is no need for high temperatures. The basic density of oak is significantly higher than that of pine, and accordingly the thermal conductivity coefficient is higher. In addition to temperature, the polymerization of the binder is also influenced by the duration of exposure of the boards in the hot press. It is believed that for coniferous species the holding time is at least 1.5 - 2 minutes for each centimeter of board thickness at a temperature on the surface of the press plates of 75 - 80 ° C. For hardwoods, these values should be adjusted depending on the species, its initial moisture content and other factors. Specifically for oak furniture boards, the exposure should not be long, nor should it be at high temperatures, since tannin coloring substances are released and when interacting with the binder, a dark adhesive seam is formed.
Thirdly, when constructing a shield, the condition of correct orientation of the annual layers in adjacent lamellas must be met, as well as radial, tangential and mixed cuts, especially for oak materials. Slats of different cuts should not be allowed in one panel; strict sorting must be performed. Failure to comply with these conditions in a place with poor-quality wood drying entails serious consequences during the operation of such panels. Various shrinkage (swelling) in the radial and tangential directions, when the shields are exposed to certain conditions, can cause their severe deformation and loss of integrity.
In conclusion of this work, the following should be noted: all the listed features of the technology for manufacturing furniture panels are only a small part of a huge issue. The answers to which lie in the specificity and originality of the problem being studied, since few manufacturers of furniture panels pay due attention to its technology, increasing the useful yield when cutting, improving quality, rational use wood - as a product of living nature.
Beginning furniture makers sometimes face the problem of where to buy furniture panels. Factory samples are not always suitable for the intended design, but blanks can be made independently.
To make panels, you will need special equipment: a planing machine, grinding machines (belt and surface grinders). Choose boards for work of the same species, without knots, dried, with minimal warping. The best option– buy a log and cut it into pieces required sizes. The cutting angle is 90 degrees. Pine, oak, and birch are suitable for making shields.
Wooden panels are very practical - they do not deform, have slight shrinkage, and the structure of the tree is not damaged, so investments in the production of lumber quickly pay off.
Instructions
Use for gluing boards with a cross section of no more than 50 millimeters and no wider than 180 millimeters. If you take large wood, it will warp when it dries. This will lead to destruction of the adhesive seams. When working, use only dry material with a moisture content of no more than ten percent.
Get started by trimming boards. The depth of the removed layer must be at least three millimeters. In this case, the adhesive seam will be thin. Consider the direction of the fibers and annual layers when selecting the parts to be glued.
Use for splicing boards adhesive compositions, made on the basis of thermoactive resins. Add mineral pigments to match the color of the wood to the adhesive at a rate of eight to ten percent by volume. The gluing seams will become less noticeable.
Apply glue to both sides of the boards to be glued. Lubrication glue mixture only one surface will not provide uniform wetting of parts of the other. This will result in unsealed stains and reduced strength of the product. A thick layer will also have no effect. When pressed in, this contributes to extrusion and loss of time for its removal.
After covering the wood with glue, wait for the time specified by the manufacturer of the adhesive mass. During this period, concentration increases and moisture evaporates. This is especially important for liquid mixture compositions and high temperature in room . In a cold room you can glue immediately. Don't let inside working area drafts and dust.
To ensure that the time and money spent on creating advertisements are not wasted, they are placed in crowded places. To increase sales efficiency, post-up locations are analyzed for the presence of target buyers or clients.
The need to restore chipboard furniture arises quite often. This task can be done even by a person who has a very vague understanding of carpentry work. Modern materials, including edge tape, significantly speed up and simplify the process. The edging tape is used for processing the ends. It is made from paper impregnated with resin.
You will need
- - furniture that you want to restore;
- - edge tape;
- - sandpaper;
- - ruler;
- - knife;
- - abrasive sponge;
- - iron;
- - round metal rod;
- - unnecessary board.
Instructions
Measure the thickness of the board you are going to cover. IN construction stores Edge tape is sold in different widths, from 1.8 to 4.5 cm. You want one that is just a little wider than the end of your countertop or cabinet door. The color range of the edging tape is very diverse, and you can always choose it according to your own taste and in accordance with the features of your interior.
Before restoration, the part must be put in order. In particular, before covering the ends with edge tape, remove all dirt from them. It is also better to get rid of noticeable surface imperfections. The end should be as smooth as possible, so sandpapering in this case won't hurt.
Determine which end you will start gluing the edge strip from tape. Even perfectly fitted joints should not be visible to everyone, so it is better to start pasting from the end that is least noticeable. For example, this could be the part of the countertop that is pressed against the wall, or the underside of the door.
The joints may also be on the tape itself. They are obtained when individual pieces are combined into a roll. This doesn't matter unless you plan to apply a coating over the edge tape. In this case, cut tape you can do it anyway. If a coating is intended, mark the strips so that their length is less than the distance between the joints.
Ballpoint pen Use a metal ruler to mark strips of the desired size on the edge tape. You can first draw a strip strictly along the length and width of the end, and then add allowances of about 1.5-2 mm on the long sides, and 1-1.5 mm on the short sides.
Cut the strip with scissors or sharp knife. A metal ruler will also come in handy in this case; the cut will be more even.
Turn on the iron and heat it to the temperature at which you normally iron cotton items. Divide the end height in half. Draw a center line around the entire perimeter of the part. Edging tape also divide into two equal parts with a middle line along the entire length.
Start processing the ends with rounded corners. Apply edging tape to one of these angles so that the middle lines on the end and on the tape coincide. Iron the edge from midline to the top or bottom surface of the part, pressing the iron firmly. Then iron the other half in the same way. Under the influence of temperature, the adhesive layer melts and the tape is tightly attached to the product. Carefully smooth out any uneven surfaces with a round metal rod.
Furniture panel is a specific type wood materials, created by gluing standard planed wooden blocks. It is effectively used to create various types accessories and coatings. Making a furniture panel with your own hands at home is not at all difficult, so this work is accessible to self-execution every person. The resulting structures are natural and environmentally friendly, and at the same time much more attractive than chipboard or MDF.
Selection and preparation of materials
Creating a furniture panel with your own hands at home involves the use of different types of wood. Most often, birch or oak, beech or aspen are used for this, as well as larch and various conifers.
Each type of wood has its own characteristics, so before certain choice It is recommended to determine in advance the operating conditions under which the resulting contract will be used.
Furniture panels are most often used to create various furniture and doors. They are distinguished by the presence of specific internal stress, so during the work you need to be careful so as not to damage the integrity of the structure. Improper work can lead to deformation of the finished product.
The main advantages of furniture panels are:
- environmental friendliness due to the use of natural ingredients and high-quality glue;
- the exquisite appearance of the resulting furniture and other structures, but this is only possible with proper processing of the panels;
- high practicality, since wood has a homogeneous structure, which allows you to restore broken or unattractive elements;
- making furniture panels is an incredibly simple task, and a small amount of money is spent on this process;
- furniture made from panels is durable and attractive;
- the products do not have any cracks or other deformations, and are not subject to significant shrinkage.
The main factor in obtaining a high-quality shield is the competent choice of material for these purposes. Typically, furniture panels are 2 cm thick, so blanks are initially prepared optimal size, as well as having required thickness. Since the boards will certainly have to be planed and then sanded, they should be purchased with a reserve, so their thickness should be 2.5 cm.
When choosing a material, you should focus on the type of wood, as well as the quality of the boards. The wood must not be uneven or warped. It must be of high quality, properly dried and completely free of any rotten areas. Therefore, you should carefully inspect the boards before purchasing. Additionally, the accompanying documentation for the material is studied in detail.
Required Tools
Do-it-yourself furniture panel gluing is done using standard tools. Usually they are available to every man who prefers to do numerous housework on his own. Therefore, only the elements are prepared:
- planing machine that ensures optimal preparation of wood;
- a tool for joining and gluing individual wooden blocks;
- belt type sander;
- construction level, allowing you to get really even panels;
- coarse sandpaper;
- flat sander.
These tools will be enough to make a shield, so no expensive devices will be needed anymore.
Manufacturing rules
As soon as the tools are completely ready for the planned work, the actual production procedure begins. How to make a furniture panel? This process is not considered too complicated, but in order to eliminate possible mistakes or problems, it is recommended to study the correct instructions in advance. To do this, follow the following steps:
- originally wooden boards are cut into separate bars that have the right size, and it is important to make cuts in such a way that they are strictly at right angles;
- The presence of any unevenness or other defects is not allowed, since in this case it will not be possible to properly glue the furniture board together;
- if minor distortions are detected, they can be eliminated with a conventional planer;
- An important point in production is the combination of the resulting blanks, since they must be the same in texture and color, as well as in other important parameters;
- After selecting the elements, they are marked so that during the gluing process there are no difficulties with their correct location.
To ensure that all stages of the process are completed taking into account the main nuances, it is recommended to watch the training video in advance.
Making bars
We process with a machine
We mark each block
Element gluing technology
After all the bars have been prepared, you can begin gluing them directly, which will ensure a high-quality shield. This procedure is also divided into successive stages:
- a device is selected that makes it possible to glue the bars together, and it must be even, and usually a regular sheet of chipboard is used for this;
- strips are fixed along the edges of the sheet, and their height depends on the parameters of the prepared bars;
- bars are laid between these slats, and they should fit tightly to each other and an attractive pattern should be formed from them;
- if there are cracks, they can be easily eliminated with a standard jointer;
- then the bars are glued together, for which they are used different types glue intended for wood, but the use of PVA glue is considered optimal;
- the entire surface consisting of bars is completely spread with glue, and it is important that the product is evenly distributed over the surface;
- the lubricated elements are pressed tightly against each other;
- two more such planks are laid on the slats, fixed to the chipboard sheet, after which these elements are connected with self-tapping screws, and this is necessary to prevent the resulting shield from bending;
- the resulting blank is left for about an hour, after which the shield is released and left for a day.
Thus, having figured out how to glue elements to obtain a furniture panel, this process will not require significant effort. The procedure is easily carried out on your own, and the result is structures that are effectively used to create numerous furniture, doors or even full-fledged coatings, characterized not only by high strength, but also reliability, as well as an attractive appearance.
Fastening the slats
Lay out the bars
We lay two more planks
Leave to dry
Final processing
Shields are made in such a way that they are not only strong and durable, but also quite attractive. To this end, attention is paid to some finishing stages consisting of special processing. To do this, follow these steps:
- a preliminary grinding procedure is carried out. For these purposes, it is recommended to use a standard tape grinder. You need to insert a special sandpaper, and it must have large fractions, since the initial processing is being done. It allows you to eliminate large defects and differences remaining on the surface after the process of creating the shield. You must act carefully, and also carry out the process in consistent and even lines;
- secondary processing - involves the use of flat grinding machine. It ensures the removal of the slightest differences, irregularities and other defects present on the surface of the wooden furniture panel. Also, due to this process, lint is removed from the surface. It is recommended to pre-wet the base a small amount water, and grinding should begin only after the structure has completely dried.
After competently implemented processing, it is possible to use the resulting panels to create a variety of tables or shelves, bedside tables and other furniture. They can be used to form doors or coatings that have high strength, reliability and durability.
Thus, furniture panels are quite popular and in demand designs. They are used to create numerous interior items. If you wish and have the time and opportunity, you can make such shields with your own hands. For this purpose they are used different materials, presented different varieties wood They undergo special processing and are then glued together using special technology. This ensures a truly high-quality, durable and attractive shield that can be used for a variety of purposes. To give it high strength and reliability, we must not forget about the special processing performed after the procedure for creating the structure.
Primary processing
Secondary
Video
The video demonstrates how to glue a furniture panel yourself.
