Do-it-yourself greenhouse heating system: the best ways to heat greenhouses in winter. Do-it-yourself winter greenhouse with heating Do-it-yourself air heating of a greenhouse

The heating of the greenhouse allows it to be used for growing various crops throughout the year. This makes it possible to obtain up to three harvests per year and grow a variety of heat-loving exotic plants, creating optimal conditions for their development.

Greenhouses can be heated different ways. Each option has a number of important features and advantages. Find out about the most popular heating methods, learn tips on choosing the best option, and get to work.

Comparative characteristics fuel cost

What to consider when choosing a heating system?

When choosing a heating system, you need to pay attention to the overall dimensions of the room and its type, because For different materials required intensity heating will also vary. For example, polyethylene is characterized by high heat loss, so this material will require more intense heating compared to a polycarbonate greenhouse.

When arranging heating for a greenhouse, take into account the total costs of installing the system and its maintenance. Some heating options require significant financial investments, and their use in small greenhouses ah will be inappropriate. Others are simple and inexpensive to install, but consume a lot of fuel during operation.

Otherwise, the owner must decide for himself how beneficial the use of one or another heating option will be specifically for his situation. The main thing is that the system provides, does not dry out the air and creates optimal conditions for the development of grown crops.

Greenhouse heating options

Familiarize yourself with the main features of the systems most commonly used to heat greenhouses.

This option should be considered if it is possible to connect the heating of the greenhouse to the heating system of the house.

When laid from the house to the greenhouse, they require high-quality insulation. The boiler power reserve must be sufficient to provide the required level of heating for both the house and the greenhouse.

If the length of the pipeline between the house and the greenhouse exceeds 10 m, it is better to refuse to use such a system.

There is also a way to organize autonomous steam heating. In this case, the boiler is installed in the greenhouse. Pipes and batteries are connected to the heating unit, and the coolant supply is ensured. Water is traditionally used as a coolant.

To ensure forced circulation of water, the system is usually equipped with appropriate pumping equipment.

For organization, air heated in the firebox of a special boiler is used. Such heating is characterized by minimal monetary costs for fuel and high thermal efficiency.

About half an hour after starting the equipment, the air temperature in the greenhouse can rise by 20 degrees. An additional advantage of the system is that there is no need to use any intermediate coolants.

Air heating is best suited for regions with mild climates. In more severe conditions, it is recommended to use a combination of air and steam heating.

In such a system, heat is generated as a result of gas combustion. The system can be configured either by connecting to a permanently supplied gas or by using fuel in cylinders.

During operation of the system, there is an intensive intake of air from the heated room, accompanied by the release of water, carbon dioxide and other waste that pose a danger to humans and, of course, plants. In view of this, the arrangement will entail additional costs for organizing the ventilation system.

This type of heating is well suited for small greenhouses. When using it on large areas the cost and complexity of maintenance may be prohibitive.

Modern electric heating units allow you to efficiently heat a greenhouse without much effort.

Among the main advantages of such devices, it should be noted that during their operation, only the heating of plants and soil occurs. The air does not warm up. It gradually receives heat from the heated earth. This allows you to equip the most efficient and economical heating system.

Modern systems are equipped with sensors and temperature controllers, which provides ample opportunities for dividing the greenhouse into different thermal zones and providing the most comfortable conditions for each group of plants.

Prices for popular models of infrared heaters

The main unit in such heating system is a solid fuel boiler that usually runs on wood or coal.

The most simple system stove heating includes a solid fuel boiler and a smoke exhaust pipe leading from the greenhouse to the street. Additionally, you can equip the system with pipes and radiators, which will allow you to organize the most efficient and high-quality heating.

The chimney needs regular cleaning of fuel combustion products.

Both conventional wood burning stoves and modern ones are available in the market. Such devices do not require frequent fuel supply and use it as efficiently as possible.

Installing a solid fuel boiler directly in the greenhouse will lead to drying out of the air and soil, as a result of which the cultivated plants may simply die. To prevent this from happening, when installing a solid fuel boiler in a greenhouse, it is necessary to equip an air humidification system. Usually it is enough to install a large container of water.

Stove heating of a greenhouse is the most popular heating option. In addition, there is nothing complicated in setting up such a system - even a novice master can handle the job. Also, solid fuel heating unconditionally outperforms electric heating in terms of cost. That is why the procedure for organizing heating of a greenhouse will be considered using the example of stove heating.

Arrangement of stove heating for a greenhouse

First option

First step. In the vestibule of the greenhouse, lay out a brick firebox for the stove on a pre-equipped foundation.

Second phase. Lay out along the entire length of the room.

Third stage. Lead the smoke exhaust pipe out of the greenhouse from the other side. As a result, combustion products will be effectively removed from the room, and the heat will remain inside.

Prices for refractory bricks

Fire brick

Second option

1 – heating boiler;
2 – thermos tank;
3 – circulation pump;
4 – relay regulator;
5 – registers;
6 – thermocouple

First step. Prepare a big one metal barrel. Color it inner surface in two layers - this will provide protection against corrosion.

Second step. Make several holes in the housing. You will connect the chimney to one of them. Others will be used to connect the tap and expansion tank.

Third step. Weld a sheet metal stove and insert it into the prepared barrel.

Fourth step. Weld a piece of pipe to the hole in the barrel to connect the chimney. The total length of the smoke exhaust structure must be at least 4-5 m.

Fifth step. Install on barrel expansion tank. A container with a volume of 20-30 liters will be sufficient. You can buy a tank or weld it yourself from sheet metal.

Sixth step. Install pipes throughout the greenhouse. Lay the pipes on the ground in 120 cm increments. This arrangement heating elements will contribute to effective heating of the soil in the areas where plant roots are located.

Seventh stage. Install to ensure forced circulation of water through the system.

Turn on the water supply and make sure all connections are tight. If leaks are found, seal them immediately. Only after this can you begin to test the stove and put the heating system into permanent operation.

Good luck!

Video - Heating a greenhouse with your own hands

Boiler for a greenhouse from a gas cylinder

To work, you will need an empty gas cylinder, a coil (a tube in the shape of the letter U with threads at the ends), a metal grill, a shut-off valve, hinges and two metal handles for the doors. You should also prepare a chimney pipe taking into account the length of the greenhouse, welding machine with electrodes, drill and grinder, pipes and radiator for the heating circuit. For the front wall of the furnace you will need a small sheet of steel.

These simple devices are used to assemble a boiler with a water circuit for heating a country greenhouse.

Step 1

After making sure that the cylinder is empty, we saw it in half with a grinder. One of the parts will serve as the furnace body, and from the second we will make an ash box.

Step 2

We take the grating, take measurements and cut it so that the resulting segment fits inside the cylinder. We secure the grate by welding. Now the stove is divided into a fuel combustion chamber (2/3 volume) and an ash pan (1/3 volume).

Step 3

We place the cylinder on a sheet of steel, outline it with chalk, and cut out the front wall according to the markings. Cut off 1/3 of the circle. From this piece we make the ash pan door, welding the handle and cutting out a semicircular piece for the bottom of the drawer from the second part of the cylinder.

We cut a rectangular hole in a larger piece of wall. We weld hinges, a handle and a latch (latch) to the cut-out rectangle. The door should close the firebox tightly.

Step 4

We install a coil (water circuit) inside the oven. We make markings for the coil, drill two holes in the upper part of the furnace to bring out the ends of the threaded pipe. We weld the coil to metal plate and the top of the oven.

Trying on a coil

Step 5

We will install a chimney. Cut a hole for the pipe in the upper back of the stove. We weld the pipe to connect the chimney. We monitor quality, otherwise the draft and operation of the boiler will be disrupted.

We weld the chimney pipe in such a way that it will pass at an angle of about 20 degrees through the entire greenhouse. The chimney will exit through back wall greenhouse, rising 1 meter above the roof. Be sure to consider thermal insulation at the point of contact between the greenhouse wall and the chimney so that a fire does not occur.

We connect the chimney pipe to the stove pipe using sheet asbestos and a coupling, tightening it with wire.

Step 6

We connect metal pipes for the water circuit to the ends of the coil brought out. The piping must contain an expansion tank and a pump that will pump water through the pipes.

Thus, the water heated in the coil will flow into the radiator, and when cooled, it will again enter the boiler. The chimney pipe will serve as an additional source of heat. Also, a long chimney will reduce heat loss, increasing the efficiency of the boiler.

Step 7

We install the stove in the greenhouse, having previously built a brick or concrete base and laying out a brick screen on three sides of the firebox. For stability, the furnace can be equipped with legs made from any reinforcement or rolled steel.

We load fuel into the stove, light it, adjust the draft by opening or closing the firebox/ash pan door.

In central Russia get good harvest It is simply impossible to grow heat-loving crops without greenhouses. If they are also heated, then from the beginning of March you can plant seedlings of any plants in it, and also get early greens for the table. Moreover, installing most greenhouse heating systems with your own hands is quite simple and does not require special skills.

Which method should you choose?

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It all depends on the goals, type of greenhouse, type of crops, as well as financial capabilities. If you plan to grow vegetables or flowers in it throughout the year, you will need a fully insulated building, which can be heated using infrared electric ceiling heaters, underfloor heating or a water circuit. To heat the greenhouse only in spring and autumn, it is enough to install a stove-stove, a gas gun or put biofuel (manure or plant residues) in the soil.

When calculating the required amount of heat, it is necessary to take into account that its consumption depends on the degree of insulation of the room and the ratio of the wall area to the soil area.

It makes no sense to heat a room that is blown from all sides. Therefore, before proceeding with the installation of heating a greenhouse in winter, it should be thoroughly insulated. For this you will need:

This heating method ensures uniform heating of both soil and air. Another advantage is the creation of an optimal microclimate in the room - the air with such a heating system does not dry out. Heating in this way is possible using firewood, peat, gas, coal or even waste automobile fuel. Therefore, you can choose the most optimal option, taking into account the cost of energy in a particular region.

How to make water heating of a greenhouse? This heating system consists of:

boiler or furnace
expansion tank, serving to store water
radiators
pipeline
pump: since lowering the heating boiler in a greenhouse below ground level is quite problematic, water circulation through the pipes is forced
chimney

Even if there is a circular pump, the pipeline in such a system is best positioned at a slight inclination. In this case, even with a temporary failure pumping system the heating will continue to function.

To calculate the thermal power of radiators, the formula is used:

P = S * 120 ,

S– area of the greenhouse (at standard height walls of 3 m, calculation of the volume of the room is not required).

For example, to heat a greenhouse measuring 3x8 m, its area will be 3 * 8 = 24 square meters. m. Find the required thermal power: 24 * 120 = 2880 W. You can clarify this parameter for one radiator section in the data sheet.

Stove heating

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Stove heating of a greenhouse

To ensure that heating costs do not “eat up” the lion’s share of the profit from the sale of grown products, when choosing the type of boiler or stove, you should take into account the cost of fuel in a particular region of residence. Also take care of effective system insulation of the room.

Brick structures are more complex in execution. Without experience, it is difficult to build them yourself. Plus, to build brick ovens that are heavy, you will need a strong foundation. The cost of a brick structure will be considerable. However, such stoves are capable of storing heat for a long time, saving fuel. If you attach a horizontal chimney (“hog”) made of metal to such a stove, you can get an additional source of heating.

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Metal oven If you have basic skills in working with metal, you can weld it yourself from scrap metal or even an old iron barrel. Therefore, the price of such structures is minimal.

However, if there is no radiator system in the greenhouse, the stove will heat mostly air. Therefore, it is advisable to install it in the center of the room and slightly deeper into the ground. You can also raise the beds or place them on shelves, where the air temperature is always higher.

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Convection and pyrolysis ovens have high efficiency. Such designs are quite complex to implement, so it is better to buy them ready-made. In convection boilers, air passes inside the casing. The operating principle of pyrolysis structures is based on the complete combustion of gases that are formed during fuel combustion.

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Stove "Buleryan", surrounded on the sides open pipes, takes in cold air from below using them. The rapidly circulating air in the room warms up faster even after adding fuel once. If you put “sleeves” on the lower pipes, you can distribute the heat evenly throughout the greenhouse.

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Feature of the Butakov boiler is increased heat transfer, which occurs due to the special design of convective pipes. However, it is quite difficult to clean it from combustion products. Plus, a single bookmark will not be enough to ensure a comfortable temperature. And it heats the air unevenly. The absence of a secondary combustion chamber significantly reduces the efficiency of the design.

Underfloor heating system

An ideal option for heating the soil in a greenhouse is also a heated floor system. After all, for successful growth Plants require heating of the roots.

Since heating the greenhouse using electric heating elements will cost a round sum, it is better to install a stove or boiler in it. The heating system can be combined by installing radiators around the perimeter.

It is better to use polyethylene pipes to heat the greenhouse. They are buried to a depth of about 40-50 cm in the drainage - a layer of crushed stone and sand
It is not advisable to use metal-plastic for laying in the ground. After all, his fittings ( connecting elements) require regular tightening. If you still decide to use such hard plastic, use compensation loops when laying the pipeline
Polyethylene film is laid first, serving as waterproofing
Next, a layer of thermal insulation is laid made of polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam
You can also reduce the thermal conductivity of the soil using compacted sand., which is poured over the heat-insulating layer to a height of 10-15 cm
The distance between pipelines should be 0.36 m. To ensure uniform heating, 2 collectors are placed along the edges of the greenhouse. Pipes are connected to them alternately
To protect the pipeline from damage when digging the soil with a shovel or pitchfork, slate or metal mesh is laid on top of it
The next 35-40 cm layer – fertile soil

Heating with gas

The disadvantages of such heating include the need for mandatory coordination with special services. Moreover, you will not be able to provide gas heating for the greenhouse - the design and installation of such systems is carried out only by specialists. Due to the high risk of ignition during operation, the operation of gas boilers will need to be constantly monitored. Due to the excess carbon monoxide generated during fuel combustion, in order to avoid poisoning and the threat of explosion, it is imperative to install ventilation.

But still, such devices have much more advantages. The cost of gas is not that high. You will only have to spend money on purchasing a boiler and equipment for it. Such designs ensure uniformity and rapid heating of the greenhouse, plus they are as easy as possible to maintain. But in order for it to heat up evenly, it is better to install heaters or connect several burners at once.

We list the main types of gas equipment used for heating greenhouses:

convectors: industry produces special devices this type is specifically for heating greenhouses; built-in heat exchanger distributes heat evenly throughout the room; ventilation in it is provided using a coaxial (pipe in pipe) chimney
heater with two open burners(the second of them serves as a spare) and vertical chimney; the ventilation system is installed separately
burners with infrared radiation: they are located in separate zones for local heating of certain types of crops or accelerating seed germination; equipped with a smoke exhauster that throws combustion products into the chimney; their operation does not require the installation of forced ventilation systems - natural is sufficient

In most cases gas heating greenhouses are combined with water. The principle of its arrangement is similar to that described above.

Thermal gas guns, used for spot heating, can be easily connected to both the gas main and the cylinder. Such structures are light in weight and quite mobile; they can easily be moved to any other place. The fuel in them burns completely, so the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning during their operation is minimal. Modern heat guns, operating on gas, are equipped with a temperature and even humidity control system.

Solar batteries

Collecting and accumulating heat given off by the sun's rays will help to obtain early harvest in the spring. Heating a greenhouse using solar batteries can also be used as an additional option. For winter period the heat received only from them will not be enough.

For accumulation solar energy the greenhouse must be installed on the open place and place it from east to west. It has been proven that arched structures made of polycarbonate are able to “collect” the maximum number of rays. Plus, the air in the cells of this material will serve as a natural heat insulator.

Solar batteries are divided into:

aquatic: the heat storage in this case is water containers (barrels or pools); Moreover, several small containers have a higher efficiency than one large one, because water always warms up better closer to the surface; they are distributed evenly throughout the room
stone: this material is capable of retaining heat for a long time, so it makes sense to line the walls of the greenhouse with stone or cover it with a sufficiently large layer around the perimeter of the structure
air: are among the most efficient battery devices (see photo); For efficient heating, heat exchangers are positioned perpendicular to the direction sun rays; heated air enters the greenhouse through pipes; cold air is taken in through the second duct

When installing an air heating system in

The need to heat a greenhouse has been and remains relevant. Organization of a certain temperature regime it makes it possible to operate the structure with maximum efficiency at any time of the year.

When solving this problem, one should proceed from a holistic understanding of the need to implement heating, an idea of the goals of the greenhouse and financial capabilities.

Why is greenhouse heating needed?

For the successful development and fruiting of plants, a certain constant microclimate is required. In conditions where solar energy is not enough for this, there is a need to equip the greenhouse with heating devices.

To determine to what level you need to increase the temperature, you should make simple mathematical calculations. Every crop has a known temperature that is required for it to grow. The temperature of the atmosphere in the area where the work is being carried out is also known. economic activity. Thus, the difference between these two values will give the desired result.

Sometimes a boiler is used for household needs

Plants in conditions close to optimal grow much better and at a faster rate; in addition, the harvest can be harvested almost all year round. In addition to plants traditional for our latitudes, it becomes possible to grow heat-loving plants that are typical for hot climates. Plant growth and reproduction can be stimulated by warming the soil. In addition, the conditions created in the greenhouse will prevent the death of plants during frost or from excess moisture.

Criteria for choosing heating in a greenhouse

The main factors influencing the choice of heating method in a greenhouse are:

dimensions of the heated space;
type of heating device in the house;
financial opportunities.

Modern types of heating equipment are able to satisfy any customer needs. The specifics of each specific case are taken into account. Despite the fact that the organization of heating is individual in nature, general rules should be taken into account, one of which is the need to create uniform heating of the entire heated volume.

Warming up should be uniform

It is not always possible to satisfy this condition in the case where heating is local in nature. The temperature difference across the volume can be reduced by using a fan. However, the opposite effect can be achieved due to heat loss through the cracks. The use of electric heating can solve the problem. Uniform heating of the greenhouse space can be achieved using water heating or a massive convector.

In addition to achieving this task, heating must meet the following criteria:

The humidity of the greenhouse atmosphere should be within limits conducive to the normal development of plants.
To minimize heat loss, it is necessary that it be supplied gradually from the lower levels of the room.
The optimal option for organizing heating should include rational spending of funds at all stages of construction and operation of the heating system.
Heating control and management should be simple and convenient.

Heating methods

By its nature, heating can be natural or artificial.

The meaning of the first of them is widely known. In this case, when exposed to sunlight penetrating the greenhouse covering, a greenhouse effect is created. At the same time, the soil and plants heat up. The use of this method is suitable from mid-spring when growing crops that love warmth. To maximize solar energy, it is necessary to make the right choice of location for the greenhouse, which would be protected from drafts and open to sunlight.

Heating greenhouses from the sun

To solve the problem of year-round supply fresh vegetables this method is not suitable. The problem has a solution if artificial heating is organized in addition to the greenhouse effect.

Electric heating

Electric heater

A fairly convenient way to heat a greenhouse is to use devices that run on electrical energy. Electric heaters equipped with a fan are widely used due to their advantages:

relative low cost;
design mobility;
in addition to heating the room, they promote air movement;
in case of sudden changes in temperature in the greenhouse, it is possible to quickly maintain it at the required level;
the ability to regulate temperature over a fairly wide range;
uniform temperature throughout the room is ensured;
blowing warm air helps remove condensation on the surface of the greenhouse walls.

Air circulation in the greenhouse

There are designs of electric heaters that are capable of creating circulation of air masses without heating it.

It should be understood that to create uniform heating of the air, most often it is not enough to use one such heating device. It is necessary to place heaters so that the hot air does not directly affect the plants, so that they are not harmed. It is best to place them so that they are below the racks of plants.

Cable heating

This method of heating a greenhouse is gaining popularity because it has a number of advantages:

no significant material investments are required to install the equipment;
the ability to achieve savings in the process;
management and control of the heating system does not require special skills;
uniform heat distribution over the greenhouse area.

Heating with heating cable

In order to install cables, it is necessary to remove the top layer of soil. A heat-insulating sand base is created at the bottom of the ditch. Thermal insulating material must be moisture resistant and durable. You can use polyethylene foam or polystyrene foam as it.

The cable is laid in the sand in the form of a snake. The distance between the turns should be 150 mm.

The minimum thickness of the sand layer is 50 mm. As protection, which is located on the sand layer, a sheet of asbestos cement or a metal mesh with small cross-section cells is used. Fertile soil is poured on top of the structure, the thickness of which should exceed 350 mm.

Heating organized in this way makes it possible to create the required temperature regime in accordance with the stage of plant development. At the same time, productivity increases by an order of magnitude. Reliable cable protection creates safe operating conditions and allows for cost savings.

Infrared heating

The use of infrared heaters is becoming increasingly widespread, and they are replacing traditional air heaters in greenhouses. Relevance infrared heating due to the following advantages:

plant germination increases by 30-40%;
heat is transferred directly to the heating object (soil, plant), so it is possible to organize zones in the room with different temperatures;
air heating occurs from heated soil;
the design makes it easy to install and, if necessary, move to the desired location;
energy savings are about 40-60%;
the heating intensity can be adjusted over a wide range;
service life is more than 10 years.

Comparison of plants with and without heating

The output of such equipment is at a high level with minimum investment money and time spent on installation. Energy is not spent on heating the air, but goes to heat the soil. In this case, a significant difference in temperature between the air in the greenhouse and the soil occurs.

The heating element can be made in the form of a standard light bulb.

Therefore, to install it, it is enough to screw the element into the ceramic base.

Greater efficiency can be achieved by staggering the rows of heaters. This will avoid the formation of so-called dead zones and distribute heat evenly over the area of the greenhouse.

Gas heating

The efficiency of using gas equipment for heating greenhouses is at a high level.

Gas heating can be realized using various devices:

Infrared heater. It is equipped with a special chamber from which heat is transferred using infrared radiation.
Injection burner. It uses open method gas combustion. The heating rate of the greenhouse volume is high; it is possible to heat greenhouses of considerable size. This becomes possible due to air circulation occurring at high intensity near the flame.
Vodyanoe. The device is similar to a traditional heating system in a private home.

Gas heating

The use of gas heating in a greenhouse has a number of specific features and disadvantages:

implementation of this method is possible if there is a gas supply line or uninterrupted supply of bottled gas;
the need to construct a ventilation system and organize the supply of fresh air to the greenhouse;
high explosion and fire hazard of gas equipment;
It is imperative that the installation and operation of a gas heating system must be agreed upon with representatives of the relevant organization.

Solid fuel systems

The relevance of combustion for energy production does not decrease over time. This also applies to the use of solid fuel systems for heating greenhouses, which is due to a number of advantages:

the price of fuel is at an affordable level;
Autonomy of the system is made possible due to the absence of the need for gas and electricity supplies. This circumstance makes it possible to construct heated greenhouses in remote locations;
efficiency of heating units.

Solid fuel heating systems

The following solid fuel systems are most widespread:

Infrared. In fact, this is a well-known one, which is installed in the central part of the greenhouse. The cost-effectiveness of the design is achieved by the low cost of the heating device itself and insignificant energy consumption.
Mermen. All the advantages of heating systems running on gas or electricity fully apply to water heating using solid fuel. At the same time, when using the latter, significant savings are achieved by reducing operating costs.

It should be noted that such systems are imperfect and have certain disadvantages:

at all stages of the construction of the heating system, it is necessary to ensure reliable fire protection;
the cost of equipment increases when organizing a system operating in automatic mode.

Emergency heating

Emergency heating may be required in winter

There are no absolutely fail-safe greenhouse heating systems. A failure may occur due to a breakdown of the unit or interruptions in the energy supply. To save the harvest, prudent owners create a backup heat supply option.

An emergency heating device can be implemented using improvised means. Alternatively, you can place bricks soaked in a liquid that can burn in a metal container. Having installed this structure near the greenhouse, a pipe is installed that transfers heated air into the greenhouse room. As a result, a thermal curtain is created.

To maintain a certain temperature regime in the greenhouse, different heating systems are used. The choice of heat supply method depends on the size of the building, the climatic conditions of the region, the availability of a particular type of fuel, financial capabilities and other factors.

Some home craftsmen undertake to organize the heating of the greenhouse with their own hands - such a solution will significantly reduce labor costs, don’t you agree? Certainly, independent arrangement stable heating is not an easy task, but quite achievable. The first step is to choose a heat source.

We will tell you what greenhouse heating options exist, what are their specific features, advantages and disadvantages of use. Based on the information presented, you will be able to decide on the type of heating, perform a preliminary calculation of thermal power, and select working units and elements of the system.

Heating a greenhouse is necessary to compensate for heat loss that occurs through the walls and ceiling of the structure, as well as due to the entry of outside air. To reduce heating costs, it is first necessary to properly insulate the greenhouse and minimize air exchange with the street.

In addition to the material from which the greenhouse is made, special attention should be paid to the tight fit of the structure to the soil. To do this, it is better to make a shallow foundation insulated from the inside when constructing a greenhouse.

It must reliably hold the structure in strong winds, prevent the formation of cracks and minimize heat exchange with the street through upper layer soil.

To solve the last problem, even in the conditions of the northern regions, a depth of 30 centimeters is sufficient, since the thermal conductivity of the soil is very low. The intensity of vertical heat exchange between the soil layer inside the greenhouse and the underlying soil layer is very small.

In winter, snow can be used as a natural external insulation along the edges of the greenhouse.

Snow is beautiful thermal insulation material. However, the greenhouse structure must be able to withstand additional weight, and the material must not bend under its weight.

For normal plant growth, it is necessary to maintain the temperature of the air and soil-vegetative layer in a certain range. If the greenhouse operates continuously, then the fertile soil will be heated due to heat exchange with internal air. Moreover, its temperature will be almost the same as under natural conditions in summer.

The soil and ground layers freeze in winter to a depth depending on geographical latitude location of the region and rock structure. To warm the soil and the adjacent top layer before planting, it is necessary to either maintain a positive air temperature for a very long time (up to a month).

An alternative solution is to carry out special actions to transfer heat directly into the soil. This can be done using a system of underground pipes into which coolant is supplied.

The amount of energy spent on heating the greenhouse depends on the following factors:

Surface area of greenhouse walls and roof. The lower this indicator, the less loss heat. Therefore, to save energy, it is better to use a rectangular or semicircular shape of the structure.
Thermal conductivity coefficient of the material. The lower this parameter, the better the material retains heat.
Temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air. The higher its value, the greater the heat loss.
Air exchange through leaks. To reduce energy costs, it is necessary to eliminate the uncontrolled flow of cold air.

The wide variety of private greenhouse designs and the quality of their installation seriously complicate temperature regime modeling. Therefore, it is possible to accurately determine the amount of energy required to heat a particular object only experimentally.

Such methods approximately calculate the required power of the heating device. The problem is the difficulty of determining the dispersion coefficient for a specific object (+)

Autonomous heating based on fuel combustion

Using the combustion process as a heat source is the most commonly used method for heating small greenhouses. Such heating has some specifics, since it is necessary to take into account the increased tightness of the room, the desirability of heating the soil and the need to maintain humidity.

Stoves and solid fuel boilers

One of the simplest devices used for heating greenhouses in cold period, is the oven. The popularity of using such a device is due to the low cost of fuel. It can be uncalibrated firewood, dry grass, coal and coal dust, garbage and flammable liquids.

When heating with stoves, it is necessary to ensure stable draft, since ventilating the greenhouse if combustion products get inside will lead to its cooling.

When using a metal stove, heating occurs quickly and energy is transferred to the surrounding air. It is also the cheapest and easiest to use heating method. You can build such a unit yourself.

On our website there is a selection of articles on making different types metal furnaces that can be used to heat a greenhouse:

A stone stove heats up more slowly and retains heat longer. It's more suitable for heating small rooms with a medium or narrow range of permissible temperatures. However, such a stove must be folded and, if necessary, cannot be moved, like its metal counterpart.

There is an idea of heating space in a greenhouse using hot combustion products. To do this, it is proposed to place the stove in a pit, and lay the chimney horizontally below ground level with its subsequent exit to the surface.

With this placement of the chimney, there will be a significant increase in its length, as a result of which hot gases will give off more heat inside the room

This option will really increase the heating efficiency.

However, during practical implementation the following difficulties will arise:

Requirements for chimney assembly material. The air temperature leaving the furnace is very high. Therefore, the chimney should not have good heat transfer, otherwise the soil around it will burn out. Asbestos pipes can be used as a material for removing combustion products.
Compliance with the rules for placement of chimneys. It will be necessary to provide inspection windows in the chimney to clean it from soot. Therefore, you need to lay the pipe between the beds.
The need for power supply. A long horizontal section does not contribute to the creation of normal draft, so it will be necessary to install a smoke exhauster. This means the need to supply electricity to the greenhouse or periodically recharge the battery.

Therefore, the idea of underground chimney placement has not found wide application in practice.

Instead of a standard stove, you can use solid fuel ones. They burn fuel more efficiently and do not allow rapid heat release, which eliminates the possibility of damage to plants from high temperatures. Such factory-made boilers are easy to use and maintain, and are also compact.

Gas boilers and convectors

For greenhouses, a good alternative to stove heating is the use of a gas or convector. For small private buildings, equipment operating on the basis of gas cylinders is usually used.

Before installation gas boiler in the greenhouse it is necessary to thoroughly strengthen one of the walls to which it will be attached

It is better to place the gas cylinder outside the greenhouse. But in this case, it is necessary to solve the issue of preventing freezing of the gearbox during a long period with negative temperatures.

Connecting a greenhouse to the gas network is a rather complicated bureaucratic procedure. In addition, during the annual mandatory inspection by a gas service specialist, comments will be made.

In any case, the presence of a combination of gas supply and the use of open fire in in a closed room requires increased security measures. The best solution is the presence of a gas analyzer, as well as an automatic flame extinguishing system, which is triggered when the maximum permissible concentration of a flammable substance in the air is exceeded.

From the standpoint of comparing the financial costs of installing and using stoves and gas equipment, it is impossible to draw an unambiguous conclusion. A simple gas convector costs about 12-14 thousand rubles.

It's more expensive than metal devices, operating on solid fuel:

metal costs and Consumables for self-manufacturing, potbelly stoves cost about 3 thousand rubles;
A small-sized factory solid fuel installation, for example, the NVU-50 Tulinka model, costs about 6.6 thousand rubles.
installation long burning the NV-100 “Klondike” model costs about 9 thousand rubles.

A stone stove will be more expensive than a gas convector due to the cost of building the foundation and laying it.

It is advisable to install a stone stove if you are sure that the greenhouse will be located at this location for more than one year

The cost of liquefied or natural gas spent on heating any room will be cheaper than purchased firewood and coal. However, greenhouses are heated, as a rule, with free or cheap combustible waste, which is always sufficient in rural and dacha areas.

The problem of air leaks and humidity

The use of heating devices in which open combustion of fuel occurs leads to the need to remove combustion products through the chimney. In this case, compensation for the volume of exhaust air is necessary.

In buildings, it is possible through uncontrolled inflow (infiltration) which occurs due to the presence of cracks and holes in the walls and ceiling.

Design modern greenhouses, for example from polycarbonate, creates an airtight space. In this case, the problem of air intake is solved by the presence of vents and the installation of a special supply opening.

It should be placed in such a way as to avoid a concentrated flow of cold air onto the plants. It is also possible to use several small holes to organize a distributed inflow.

Exhaust systems for gas convectors closed type already equipped with a pipe for the flow of outside air into the combustion chamber.

Often after operation of furnaces and boilers, the effect of air drying is observed. This is due to the lower absolute humidity of the incoming cold flow (especially frosty) in relation to the warm air leaving the greenhouse through the chimney.

To maintain accurate air humidity parameters, a humidifier with a hygrometer is used, which can be powered by a local energy source. If there is no such need, you can place an open container of water in the greenhouse. Then, in the event of strong drying of the air, the process of evaporation will naturally occur.

Ways to distribute heat evenly

For small greenhouses, placing one heating source is sufficient. Air circulation in the room will be ensured due to the vertical temperature difference and, thus, warm air will be distributed.

In any greenhouse, when it is heated, a slight vertical temperature difference occurs. This must be remembered when placing thermometers

Indoors large area or complex geometry, the formation of zones with different microclimate parameters is possible. This is sometimes done on purpose in industrial greenhouses, but in most cases this phenomenon is undesirable.

To distribute heat evenly, two methods are used:

Creation of artificial air circulation. Blade fans are usually used. Sometimes an air duct system with integrated pumps is constructed so that air is taken in at one end of the room and exhausted at the other.
Heat transfer due to intermediate coolant. As a rule, they use ordinary water system With forced circulation. Pipes can be laid both around the perimeter of the greenhouse and under the soil layer.

Forced heat distribution is also necessary to prevent the formation of a high temperature zone near the heater. Otherwise, plants located near the stove or boiler may suffer thermal damage.

Popular heating methods without open fire

The use of open fire has some limitations, since combustion waste is released, and fire safety measures must be observed. Therefore, other methods are often used to release heat into the greenhouse room.

Application of electrical appliances

Using electricity to heat a greenhouse in winter is the most in an expensive way. However, it is also the simplest, since the installation of such heating only includes electrical wiring and installation of devices.

The use of simple automation systems frees people from the need to participate in constant microclimate monitoring.

The connection diagram for several heaters via a thermostat is quite simple. The only problem may be a power outage, so you need to provide a connection additional sources power (+)

Electric heating greenhouses can be made using the following devices:

Heater. The simplest and cheapest device that you can make yourself.
Convector. The presence of a fan allows, in addition to heating the air, to distribute it evenly throughout the greenhouse.
Heat pump. A powerful device for heating air in large-volume greenhouses, which is often used in conjunction with an air duct system to distribute heat. To heat a compact room you can do it yourself.
Infrared lamps. The specificity of the operation of such devices is to heat the surface on which the radiation hits. Thus, it is possible to level out the vertical temperature gradient in the room without using air circulation.
Heating cable. It is used to heat local areas in a greenhouse.

In the case of small premises, the use of electric heating is justified due to its simplicity and safety. In large and industrial greenhouses it is advisable to use other methods.

The heating cable is well suited for heating the ground. Its maximum temperature is not high, so there is no fear of the effect of burning the soil with loss of its qualities

Biochemical heat release

One of the interesting methods of heating is to add unrotted soil to the soil. organic fertilizer– animal manure or bird droppings. As a result of the biochemical reaction, a large amount of energy is released, which increases the temperature of the fertile layer and the air inside the room.

When manure rots, it releases carbon dioxide, methane, and small quantity hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide. Manure also has a specific odor. All this imposes certain restrictions on its use related to the need to ventilate the room.

In winter, as well as during prolonged cold spells in spring and autumn, intensive air exchange is undesirable. In this case, restoring the thermal balance after ventilation may require a significantly larger amount of energy than was released as a result of the process of rotting manure.

The use of such a “biological” method of heating the earth and air is justified late spring when ventilation occurs at positive daytime temperatures.

Systems with external heat source

Heating of the greenhouse is possible due to the close location of the house or other heated building. This simplifies the entire procedure, since there is no need to install an autonomous heat source. Using wired or wi-fi relays, you can remotely receive information about the temperature in the greenhouse and regulate its microclimate from home.

An ordinary wi-fi temperature complex consisting of a sensor and a relay costs about 2 thousand rubles. When the temperature goes out of range, it transmits its values to devices running Windows or Android

Creating a separate heating circuit

If the house uses water or steam heating, then it is possible to create a separate circuit leading to the greenhouse. It must be equipped with a separate pump, since the total horizontal length of the new segment will be large.

You also need to install an expansion tank in the greenhouse. open type to remove air from the system. Square open water tank must be minimized to prevent intense evaporation hot water inside the room.

Radiators are rarely installed in a greenhouse, since the design of its premises plays a secondary role. If there is a lack of heat, it is better to lengthen the pipe contour, as this is cheaper and reduces the risk of leaks and breakdowns.

The outdoor segment of the circuit must be insulated to avoid heat loss and minimize the risk of freezing. The underground option for placing pipes is best suited for these purposes.

Connecting the heating segment of the greenhouse to the general circuit can be done using a three- or four-way valve.

Standard connection diagram for an additional heating circuit. The location of the taps in the house allows you to remotely regulate the air temperature in the greenhouse (+)

It is also possible to create an automatic temperature control system.

This can be done in the following ways:

Changing the volume of hot water passed through depending on the readings of temperature sensors. In this case, it is necessary to purchase a pump with power control.
Turning the greenhouse heating circuit on and off. For this they use automatic systems crane control.

Instead of manually changing the position of a three- or four-way valve, servo-based devices can be used. Its electronic control unit is adjusted to the readings located in the greenhouse.

The servo drive for automatic adjustment has big sizes relative to the tap. Therefore, to install it, it is necessary to remove the heating pipe from the wall

Heating using extract air

Good heating can be obtained by using warm air from the exhaust ventilation of a residential building. Directing the insulated ventilation duct inside the greenhouse you can get a constant incoming flow with a temperature of 20-25°C.

The only condition is that you are not in the air excess humidity and impurities common in kitchens and bathrooms.

Air outflow from the greenhouse can be organized in two ways:

Local exhaust vent to the street in the form of a tube without a fan. It must be of small cross-section to create a high flow rate. In this case, at negative street temperatures, the condensation formation zone will be located at some distance from the tube, which will prevent the formation of ice.
Return the flow back using an additional air duct and obligatory connection to the general house hood. Otherwise, odors from the greenhouse will spread throughout all areas of the house.

This method is the most economical in terms of one-time costs for installing the system and recurring costs for fuel use. The only question remains whether the hood volume is sufficient to maintain the required temperature. It is better to check this experimentally.

If sometimes, during extreme cold snaps, the air temperature in the greenhouse drops below the permissible level, then you can build a small air heater into the air duct, or install an additional electrical appliance on the site itself.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Homemade stove with a long chimney for heating a greenhouse:

Most projects can be implemented in-house, which will reduce their cost and provide the opportunity for further independent modernization.

A heated greenhouse allows you to have fresh herbs all year round. In addition, you can grow not only vegetables and flowers traditional for your latitude, but also heat-loving exotic plants, including pineapples and melons in Siberia or the Urals. It is quite possible to install greenhouse heating with your own hands. There are several ways to effectively heat a greenhouse. In this article we will focus on each of them so that you can choose the best option for yourself.

How does the material affect heat loss?

The choice of heating system should first of all be based on the area of the greenhouse and the material from which it is built. Each type has its own heat loss coefficient. Most often used for the construction of greenhouses:

glass - heat loss coefficient is 5.5 W/kW.m;
polyethylene film - K=12 W/kW.m;
polycarbonate - 2.8 W/kW.m.

As you can see, cellular polycarbonate, due to its cellular structure, has the lowest heat loss rates, and polyethylene film, on the contrary, has the highest. It is very important that the heating does not dry out the air in the greenhouse, and that the heat is distributed evenly over the entire area.

Optimal options

Among the huge variety of options for heating greenhouses at home, we will consider only those that you can build yourself, without the help of professionals. So, the most common methods of homemade heating of greenhouses:

Electric heating systems

They mainly use ultraviolet lamps, which allow heating the soil and, accordingly, the plants. The air does not heat up. It receives heat from the earth and therefore does not dry out. In such a climate, plants feel very comfortable.

The number of ultraviolet lamps for rooms is calculated according to a simplified scheme: for every 10 sq.m., 1 kW of heater power is required.

Since using electricity for heating is the most expensive way to heat up, this option cannot be considered economical. But if you plan to grow berries or flowers in home greenhouses all year round, then this option should be considered as optimal.

To optimize costs, it is necessary to install temperature regulators and sensors and thereby automate the heating. You may also need additional lighting And automated system glaze.

VIDEO: Do-it-yourself electric heating of a greenhouse

Gas heating of greenhouses

In terms of arrangement this is the most expensive project, but in terms of operation it is the cheapest. Can be used both as gas-fired boilers and gas cylinders. To use gas equipment, you need a special permit, and for its installation, the involvement of specialists is required.

In order to build gas heating for a greenhouse with your own hands, it is attached to the house and communications are pulled from there. In general, the process is not complicated, since you only need to build up the pipes and loop them in connection with the house. It is advisable to separately build a gas system for a greenhouse only if its premises exceed 100 sq.m and it is used for commercial purposes.

Solid fuel or exhaust stoves

Do stove heating Anyone can do it in a greenhouse with their own hands. In fact, this is the most ordinary stove - a stationary stone or mobile metal one, through which the entire room is heated.

A huge variety of drawings are available with detailed step-by-step descriptions of how to build a greenhouse with your own hands with heating or how to equip a stove heating for an already finished greenhouse. You can install the stove yourself inside or in a separate vestibule, or purchase a wood-burning stove.

In addition, the market offers a huge selection of modern long-burning solid fuel boilers. They remove the biggest inconvenience of using a stove - frequent loading of firewood, coal, etc. Thus, anyone can make heating in a greenhouse on their own. The cost of solid fuel is several times cheaper than electricity.

Steam heating

Do-it-yourself steam heating of a greenhouse can be done in two ways: connect it to the heating system at home or make an independent system. This method can be considered an improved version of stove heating. He has more high level Efficiency and safety, but at the same time higher maintenance costs.

Listed above are the most effective ways heating home greenhouses. Everyone chooses the option that suits them best. We suggest choosing the last method, which also has a lot of variations.

Steam heating

If you don’t know how to heat a greenhouse with steam, then you need to listen to the advice of experts. They advise connecting the greenhouse to the heating system of the house only when it is located at a maximum distance of 10 meters from the house. Otherwise, such a connection is not economically profitable and it is better to choose the option of installing a boiler or stove. By the way, the most ordinary potbelly stove will cope with the heating task 100%. It is easy to maintain, easy to clean and refill.

Steam heating schemes:

If an area near the house was selected for a greenhouse to connect to a common heating system, then two requirements must be met:

the boiler power should be enough to heat both the house and the greenhouse;
the pipeline running along the street should be reliably insulated.

Regardless of where the boiler will be installed, as well as what type it will be, homemade heating in a greenhouse is built according to the same scheme. In addition to the boiler, you will need to purchase the following equipment:

radiators;
pipes;
circulation pump;
security group;
expansion tank;
balancing valve;
coarse filter.

To ensure heat, it is very important to correctly determine the number of radiators. If the height of the greenhouse does not exceed 3 m, then you can use a simplified calculation algorithm: multiply the area of the greenhouse by 120, then divide by the thermal power of one radiator section according to the data sheet.

Algorithm for connecting steam heating

Let's consider a step-by-step algorithm for mounting equipment:

We install the boiler on a pre-prepared concrete foundation. If you have chosen a solid fuel boiler, then it is better to build a special vestibule for it - this way you will not open the greenhouse every time you load fuel.

We connect the boiler to the chimney. A more preferable option is a vertical sandwich chimney made of stainless steel, which is led outside through the roof or wall. Firstly, it is very easy to install. Secondly, it has a reliable design.
Radiators are connected with pipes. Optimal diameter pipes: 20-25 mm. Radiators must be chosen as low as possible. If, after replacing the heating system, you still have old radiators and pipes in your apartment or house, then use them. So, you will significantly reduce the cost of setting up a greenhouse. An air valve - a Mayevsky tap - should be installed on each radiator, as well as a valve that allows you to shut off the flow of water.
We connect the safety group immediately after leaving the boiler (the place of maximum temperature and pressure). It is a steel manifold on which a pressure gauge, an air vent and a safety valve are located. The collector is equipped with a coupling that is connected to the pipe.
We mount the expansion tank from below through the valve. It is installed in the area from the boiler outlet to the circulation pump.
We install a circulation pump to maintain stable pressure in the system. It is mounted on the return pipe in front of the boiler entrance. A coarse filter must be installed in front of it.

So, the system is assembled, you need to press it with air to identify possible installation defects. To do this, connect a special compressor. First, use a sponge to soap all the joints. Then close the valves and taps. The compressor supplies the pressure specified in the technical data sheet of the boiler and radiators. Carefully inspect the joints - there should be no soap bubbles on them. If everything is fine, then you can fill the system with water to test turn on the boiler.

Heating alternative

Not everyone uses greenhouses for year-round cultivation greens, vegetables and fruits. For personal needs, planting begins mainly in mid-February and ends in October. In this case, it is irrational to install a separate heating system, as well as to use powerful electrical systems. As an alternative, you can offer warm beds or infrared floor heating.

Warm beds

It is a combination of certain materials that produce heat when they interact. For creating warm beds dig a ditch 70-80 cm deep, where the following components are laid:

large branches for aeration;
straw, hay, dry grass

It is better not to use cut tops from garden beds, as they may contain pathogenic flora - insect larvae, viruses, etc.

manure;
peat;
turf land.

All this is laid in layers and after 2 weeks you can start planting. Manure and straw begin to rot, releasing quite a large amount of heat. It's enough to warm you up root system, thereby creating comfortable conditions for the plant.

Infrared floors

This is a type of electric heating system, but compared to UV lamps, it is not as wasteful. Due to the large heat-transfer surface, heating occurs faster. Structurally, it is a thin film that is rolled out on a surface, fixed and launched. You can use IR floors directly to heat beds, or place them on walls or in row spaces.

VIDEO: How to make greenhouse heating with your own hands