Staircase at home. DIY stairs to the second floor. Cost of a finished staircase

Many readers want to know how to assemble a wooden staircase with their own hands. Some people cannot afford to order this design from professionals, others simply like to do everything themselves, and still others want to be able to control its production.

To understand this issue, we suggest that you read the information below and watch a training video on assembling a wooden staircase.

Wood is chosen more often than other materials for making stairs in private homes, as it is environmentally friendly, easy to process and inexpensive. Of course, we are not talking about exotic wood - it is unlikely that a non-specialist will take on this expensive and unyielding material.

But the manufacture and assembly of stairs from wood of common varieties among us is quite within the capabilities of people who are familiar with carpentry tools and have some experience in wood processing.

Constructions

The assembly plan for a wooden staircase will depend on its design. It, in turn, is selected in accordance with the size and shape of the area allocated for the stairs. And also on the design of the house, the preferences of the owners and other parameters.

There are two main types of staircase structures: screw and marching:

• usually chosen when it is necessary to limit the size of the space allocated for climbing to the second floor. Visually, they are quite impressive, but not very convenient for movement, especially with a large load. And much more difficult to manufacture.

• Marching stairs more comfortable and easier to perform. In addition, they come in a variety of shapes and designs: on stringers or on bowstrings, single-flight or double-flight, with a rotation of 90 or 180 degrees, with an intermediate platform or winder steps.

All calculations, design, and production of individual parts that make up the wooden stairs and the assembly diagram will depend on the chosen design.

What does the staircase consist of?

Both homemade and prefabricated wooden stairs consist of many elements that are connected to each other, forming one-piece design. Each of them has its own name and purpose.

Let's start with the supporting elements, which include bowstrings and stringers:

• - This load-bearing beam, to which the steps are attached at their ends using overhead corners, bars or grooves cut into the body of the bowstring. Fastening is carried out with self-tapping screws or bolted connections and is reinforced with wood glue.

• Stringers- These are load-bearing beams with cuts on which treads are laid and fixed with fasteners. This is a more reliable and common design.

For making your own, stringers and bowstrings are equally simple. The main thing is to choose quality lumber and the cross-section of supports providing the calculated load-bearing capacity.

It is important! When manufacturing load-bearing beams, it is not allowed to splice them along their length.

Support pillars can also be considered load-bearing elements. spiral staircases and pillars supporting the turning platforms of two- or three-flight staircases.

Other elements that make up a prefabricated wooden staircase include:

• Tread– horizontal surfaces of steps;
• Risers– vertical parts of steps. They close the space between them and serve as additional support for treads.

For reference. Risers - no required element staircase design. They are often not used to give the structure visual lightness and transparency.

• Balusters – vertical elements fences attached to steps and railings. They serve for the safety of walking on stairs and give the entire structure additional strength and rigidity.
• – elements of the enclosing structure, attached to the balusters.

Also, various types of stairs can be used in the design of stairs. decorative elements, not bearing any functional load.

Basic parameters for calculation

In order for assembled wooden stairs to be convenient for movement along them and safe, it must comply with the following standards:

• Tilt angle – about 30-45 degrees;

For reference. At limited space it is allowed to increase it by 5-7 degrees. If the slope of the flight of stairs cannot be made less than 55 degrees, it is better to choose a screw design.

• Riser height – 15-21 cm;
• Tread depth – 25-33 cm;

• The width of the march is at least 80 cm, preferably larger;

• The height of the fences is 90-100 cm, the distance between the balusters is up to 15 cm. Additional children's railings are installed at a height of 50-60 cm;

• The minimum distance between the steps and the ceiling should not be less than 200 cm.

When designing prefabricated wooden stairs, you need to try to comply with all these standards. Since each of them has a certain “fork” of values, by selecting them in different options, you can create the most convenient design.

Manufacturing and assembly

Before you assemble a wooden staircase with your own hands, you need to make everything structural elements, prepare the opening and stock up on fasteners and wood glue.

Marking parts and cutting

Marking and production of prefabricated elements are carried out on the basis of calculations and in accordance with the drawing.

The sequence is:

• We cut the support beams – bowstrings or stringers – to length, and apply markings on them. This can be conveniently done using a special template rectangular shape or a metal corner on which the width of the tread and the height of the riser are marked. The marking is carried out along the entire length at once.

• Using the markings made, recesses or grooves for the steps are cut using a jigsaw, electric saw or router.

It is important! So that assembling wooden stairs with your own hands does not cause difficulties, and the steps do not subsequently warp or crack, the second load-bearing beam must be an exact mirror image of the first. Therefore, markings must be done very carefully and with millimeter accuracy. In the case of stringers, one finished part may serve as a template for another.

• According to the calculated parameters, we cut treads and risers from the boards, as well as all other structural elements.

• All workpieces are polished and processed protective compounds. After assembly, there will definitely be places where the impregnation will not get, so it is advisable to do this before it begins.

Arrangement of the opening

The opening for the stairs is arranged between adjacent load-bearing ceiling beams. If the distance between them is too small to make the staircase the required width, you can cut out one intermediate beam and tie the outer beams together cross beams the same section.

Assembly order

Depending on the design of wooden stairs, assembly patterns may differ:

• Marching stairs are easier to assemble by securing the supporting beams in a horizontal position on comfortable height. Having assembled the individual spans, they are installed in place and secured.
• Spiral structures and staircases with winder steps can only be assembled on site, fitting the parts to each other and to the walls.

But most often, the load-bearing beams and support pillars are first secured in place, and then the steps and fences are fixed to them. How to assemble a wooden staircase with your own hands - video and description below.

• The supporting beams are rigidly fixed at the top and bottom. The basis for fastening can be the floors of the first floor and the floor beams in the opening, as well as intermediate platforms.
• Fastening is carried out using anchors, bolts, metal corners. The lower part of the stringer can additionally be fixed to wooden floor using a support block. Also, one of the beams can be attached to the wall of the house.

• Before assembling wooden stairs begins, you need to use a level to check the alignment of the seats for the steps. They must be in the same horizontal plane.
• After this, the load-bearing supports must be tightened in several places with special tie bolts to strengthen the structure and fix a stable distance between them along the entire length.

• In a simple stringer staircase, risers are first installed, then treads are laid on them and horizontal cuts. They are screwed on with self-tapping screws.

• If you want to avoid visible fastenings, use tongue-and-groove or tongue-and-groove connections. In this case, grooves or holes for tongues are cut out in advance in wooden blanks, and the connection is made using wood glue.

• There are several options for attaching steps to bowstrings: they can be inserted or pushed into grooves lubricated with glue, screwed with self-tapping screws to support bars or metal corners.

The fencing elements are installed last.

• First, support pillars are installed at the beginning and end of each span.

• Balusters are attached between them at a given distance. Most reliable way fastenings - on dowels with glue or on bolts, the sockets for which are made in treads or bowstrings.

Installation of balusters with bolts:

• After installing all the balusters, they are cut in a straight line, parallel to the slope of the stairs, at a height of 90-100 cm.

• Lastly, attach the handrail, in the lower part of which there is a groove for balusters.

After assembly is completed, all irregularities are sanded, defects are puttied, and the entire structure is covered with paints and varnishes.

Assembly of finished structures

Today you don’t have to do everything yourself. There are many companies that design and manufacture prefabricated stairs from different types of wood. These are some kind of constructors from individual elements, with ready-made mounting grooves and holes.

Among the many models, it is easy to choose the one that suits you both in size and configuration. To do this, you just need to decide on the platform for it and measure the height of the room. If difficulties arise, the company’s specialists will help you make a choice.

Due to large-scale production, the price of such products is very affordable. It is much lower than custom-made stairs. For example, the cost of pine medicinal product 91 is only 16-18 thousand rubles.

Each model comes with all the necessary fittings and detailed instructions for assembling a wooden staircase. There are also models consisting of separate sections, differing in size and number of steps. By combining them, you can construct a staircase that is ideally suited to your dimensions.

For example:

This model consists of three sections:

• Section A – first march with support frame structure for a turntable;
• Section B – platform;
• Section C – second march.

All sections are available in several versions with the number of steps from 5 to 9 and different platform dimensions. To create a wooden staircase required height and corresponded to the width of the opening, just select the desired combination from the table below.

Conclusion

Using wood for making interfloor stairs allows you to maintain a cozy atmosphere in your home and decorate the interior in the best traditions of classical or folk style. This is the only material that even a novice master can handle if desired.

But there are a lot of nuances in this matter, it requires attentiveness and patience. Once again, the video in this article will tell you in detail how to assemble wooden stairs. We recommend that you study it carefully if you decide to do everything yourself.

Some people believe that making stairs is a very complex and time-consuming process and is best left to professionals. They may be right, but in fact, with a little free time, desire, and a small set of tools, you can install the stairs yourself. Well, so that you don’t get confused and lose your way when building a staircase in your private home, we have prepared this article.

Types of stairs

According to their design, stairs are divided into many types and subspecies. Before you start building a staircase to the second floor, you need to decide on its type, because they are classified according to many criteria:

• according to their intended purpose, they are divided into basic ones, which are used regularly in Everyday life; auxiliary (these include roof ladders, service and emergency ladders). There are also front, garden and park staircases, moving staircases (escalator);

• depending on location distinguish between internal stairs, street stairs, intra-apartment and intra-house;
• according to the material used distinguished: wooden (oak, pine, beech, larch, ash, cedar), concrete (staircases are mainly made from this material in most residential and production premises), reinforced concrete, brick, metal, forged, rope, glass and plastic, natural and artificial stones; There are also various combination options;
• stairs are divided by type of construction: stringer, bowstring, on rails, cantilever staircases (floating staircase), modular;
• by presence of riser there are open, closed and semi-closed staircases;
• by number and configuration of marches staircases are divided into single-flight, multi-flight, rotary (U-shaped, L-shaped staircases and interfloor spiral staircases can be made rotary);

• depending on the shape There are straight steps, winder steps and steps called “goose step”.

A DIY staircase can become a home decoration and a source of pride. Its creation is a very exciting process, and determining the type of staircase you want to make is the most initial and very important stage of construction, which will help you most fully form an idea of ​​​​what the entire structure should look like as a whole.

The main components of the stairs

The main details of the staircase will largely depend on what type of structure you have chosen for the construction.

A very interesting and quite budget-friendly option for a staircase can be a staircase made of logs in a country house or in a private house in the village. Using this example, we will try to analyze all possible combinations and options for the necessary elements of the staircase.

List of required elements:

• staircase frame - a do-it-yourself log staircase can be made on a metal frame (not exactly a budget option due to the high cost of metal), but this option is quite rarely used due to the fact that a log staircase will look most harmonious when using wooden stringers; in addition, it is also possible design option on rails using railing posts and steps as a supporting structure;
• steps - for the steps of the stairs themselves, logs will be used, they must first be sawed in half, it will be more convenient to do this with a circular saw;
• marching spans and turning platforms separating them;
• railings – possible various options, both wooden, forged, metal, and combined, it all depends on your design decisions;
• balusters - racks for railings;
• riser - using a riser in this option stairs are not advisable.

Requirements for the design of stairs

When constructing stairs, it is necessary to adhere to the standards developed and specified in GOST and SNiP. Should be paid Special attention for the following indicators:

• flight of stairs, if it is not followed, the staircase may be too steep;

• necessary for a comfortable ascent or descent, the most optimal width of the steps (tread) is considered to be a width sufficient to fully accommodate the foot on it;
• (riser) is a very important parameter, by observing which you can reduce the load on many muscle groups and make ascent/descent easier;

• Also, a very important parameter is the size of the opening in the ceiling, because it also determines how comfortable it will be to climb the stairs, especially for tall people. If the opening is insufficient, when going up or down the stairs, a person will be forced to bend over so as not to hit his head.

Assembly and installation instructions

Probably the most important thing when installing a staircase with your own hands is step-by-step instruction, because in order not to miss even the slightest detail, you must have a precise plan of action. There are many different examples in which people, believing that “I can do it this way” or “it should stay that way, where will it go”, ultimately face the fact that the constructed staircase is simply not suitable for use and, in order to correct the mistake mistake, most often you have to redo a lot or even start all over again.

Your task is not just to make a staircase so that it exists, you need to make an integral part of the house that will serve for a long time, reliably and become part of the interior, so speed is not an assistant in these matters.

Below we will discuss the main points that you need to pay attention to:

• preparatory stage (to determine the materials used, shape and location);
• calculations (the most important stage in technical terms, without completing which you risk making many mistakes that will lead to the impossibility of using the ladder in the future);
• installation and assembly;
• stage of processing, design, finishing.

How to make a staircase to the second floor from glass

The glass staircase to the second floor is probably one of the most unusual and interesting options staircase execution. Such a staircase looks very easy in the interior; a huge plus is that it can either be completely unnoticeable or be a key element of the interior when correct design and backlighting.

A glass staircase is probably almost the only type of staircase that is difficult to make yourself without the help of professionals.

Most of the stairs can still be made independently, depending on the type of design chosen:

• on a metal frame;
• on pain;
• cantilever staircase.

More detailed information You can find information about each type of design on our website.

The most difficult and crucial moment is the preparation of glass steps and railings. The thing is that in order for the glass to be strong enough to withstand the required load, it must go through the stages of hardening and gluing to ensure maximum resistance to possible loads. In terms of reliability, such a staircase is not inferior to its analogues made of wood and metal.

The thickness of glass steps may vary depending on the project, but it should not be less than 19 mm.

At first glance, it may seem that the glass will be slippery and such a staircase can be dangerous; for this, the steps must undergo special treatment, the surface is made a little rough and a special coating is applied to it, which prevents slipping.

It is dangerous to use glass stairs outdoors. Moisture or frost will make the glass very slippery and this can lead to falls and injuries. It is also not recommended to use such a ladder during interior spaces with high humidity.

How to make a wrought iron staircase at home

Forging is the most beautiful and elegant material for stairs. Wrought iron staircases quite often attract attention, creating the feeling of a truly royal interior.

Forged stairs are used not only in interior spaces; very often they are installed on the veranda or terrace.

Creating a forged staircase with your own hands in most cases is only possible using the “cold forging” technology. For hot forging, you will need a special forge (furnace) to heat the metal. In financial terms, hot forging is a more expensive method and is not practical for small-scale production at home for your own needs.

Let's consider the technology cold forging. Although it is cheaper than hot, it also requires additional tool. In the very simple version you need a vice, a gas wrench, and a hammer, but with such a set of tools it is difficult to create many similar parts for a ladder. To do this you need to use a specialized tool:

• snail - with its help, it is possible to make a spiral from a rod with a diameter of up to 12 mm;

• bender - allows you to bend the rod both into an arc and at a certain angle;

• flashlight – with its help it is possible to make artistic elements such as lighting lanterns and baskets from rod (up to 16 mm for square section and up to 30 mm for round);

• wave - by passing a round or square rod, you can get a sinusoidal element. Sizes are set individually;

• twister - a rod for equipment can be bent around an axis several times. Outwardly it resembles a flashlight; it works with the same diameter of workpieces.

After all the elements have been given the necessary pattern and bend, a welding machine will be required to connect all the elements. At each point where the elements connect to each other and to the frame, it is necessary to make small spot seams so that, if necessary, they can be torn off and changes made. After the railings are assembled, all joints should be thoroughly welded, cleaned and processed.

How to make a wooden staircase in a country house?

The most warm material for stairs is wood, it brings extra heat in the cozy atmosphere of home. Wood is probably the most malleable material with which you can make staircase elements in the most different forms and styles, from classic rectangular and strict, to carved, with various curves and shapes.

Before starting to manufacture the stairs, it is necessary to carry out complete calculations of all parameters, the width of the stairs, the height of the steps, the angle of inclination of the stairs and, of course, determine the type of structure. The type of wood that will be used for the stairs is also selected.

When making a log house in a house, you will have to go through the following stages of installing a log staircase:

• The stringers in this staircase will be rounded logs. First, it is necessary to prepare semicircular recesses in the logs of the same diameter as the logs used for the steps.
• The steps are available in two versions. By sawing the log into two identical parts in half, we get two steps. Or you can make a hole in the middle of the log so that the log remains round at the edges and flat in the middle. It is necessary to ensure that this flat part is of such width that two people can pass each other on the stairs.

• The final stage in the installation of any wooden staircase is wood processing. Wood is susceptible to rotting, destruction is possible due to the formation of mold or insects, and wood fire is also a very dangerous moment. To eliminate all of the above points, it is necessary to treat the wood with antiseptics and fire retardant compounds. Please note that some elements need to be processed before you completely assemble the staircase, because some parts will then be inaccessible, as they will overlap each other, for example, notches on the stringers.

We have presented a version of the simplest single-flight log staircase. Depending on the characteristics of the building, the height of the ceilings, and the space for the stairs, there are many options for stairs, with turning platforms, and spiral ones. Wooden stairs also do not have to be log or carved. Depending on the design there are many modern options wooden stairs, which in their uniqueness can compete with glass stairs.

How to build a concrete staircase in a house

If you decide to build, then this design will be the most durable, reliable and will last longer than its counterparts from other materials. Durability and strength are achieved subject to compliance with all construction standards, both in terms of the size of the stairs (so that the spans are not too long, sagging, without proper reinforcement), and in terms of use quality materials in the right proportions.

With a properly built structure (stair formwork), it is possible to build a wide variety of stairs - from classic straight single-flight or corner stairs to round (spiral) ones. It is also possible to build stairs according to an individual design project with the most crazy shapes.

Let's look at the step-by-step construction of a staircase in a private house with our own hands:

• As we wrote earlier on initial stage(at the design stage), to achieve the required structural strength, it is necessary to perform all calculations according to the selected type of staircase. The main thing to remember is that any custom staircase requires careful attention to calculations.
• At the next stage, it is necessary to prepare the formwork; the formwork structure must be strong, so special attention should be paid to the materials used. Boards or plywood from 20 mm are best suited, beams for supports are at least 50x100 mm. If there are semicircular elements of the staircase, it is better to use a thin sheet of metal; it is strong enough, will not break under the weight of concrete and is quite elastic to give the steps a rounded shape. The weight of 1 m 3 of concrete is 2-2.5 tons. This must be remembered when selecting materials for formwork. It is better to connect the formwork elements using self-tapping screws.

• Adds additional reliability to the staircase reinforced frame, the presence of which is mandatory in order to avoid the appearance of cracks in the concrete, the presence of which can lead to the collapse of the entire structure. The metal frame is formed from reinforcement with a diameter of 10-12 mm. At the stage of pouring the floor and ceilings, it is important to leave protruding reinforcement at the junction with the stairs to connect it with the metal structure of the stairs.
• Finally, the pouring stage. The quality of concrete must be at least B 15 (cement quality is at least 400); the use of special stabilizers and water repellents is allowed, which increase the strength of concrete. It is necessary to fill the entire staircase at once. If there are a large number of flights, the pouring should be divided into spans.
• After pouring, it is necessary to remove all air bubbles from the concrete. To do this you will need a special vibration tool. It is immersed in already poured concrete, under the influence of vibration the air will come to the surface, this increases the strength of the concrete, eliminating porosity.
• Finally, the concrete must harden and become more durable; for this, it is necessary to periodically moisten the concrete; in hot weather, the stairs must be covered with film to slow down the evaporation of moisture. If this is not done, cracks will form due to the fact that the concrete dried out faster than it hardened. After 20-30 days, the concrete will gain the necessary strength, after which you can remove the film and formwork.

DIY metal staircase in a cottage

One of the types metal stairs We have already discussed above (wrought iron staircase), in this section we will consider a simpler option for constructing a staircase to the second floor from metal.

Of course, from of this material it is possible to build not only simple stairs, but also the most unique one, it all depends on your project and your abilities. We, in turn, will try to describe as clearly as possible all the actions that you will need to perform so that you get exactly the staircase that you have in mind.

As with the construction of any staircase, at the initial stage you need to make all the calculations according to the chosen staircase option. Depending on the type of structure, dimensions and calculations, you should select materials for your future staircase.

In this article we will tell you about a simple one-flight metal staircase.

• The stringer for the stairs will be made of channel or rectangular pipe 80x100 mm. Two channels must be placed on edge at a distance according to the designed width of your stairs.

• If the flight of stairs needs to be made long, then it is necessary to install supporting pillars.
• Next, fillets must be welded to the channel, which can be made from a channel of the same size; the fillies must be mirror welded to the channel.
• In the future, steps will be laid on the previously made fillies, which can be made of various materials depending on your interior and the place where the stairs will be used.

Painting and decorating stairs

After you have completed the construction of the staircase, you are faced with the task of decorating the staircase according to the interior of your home.

To finishing concrete stairs you can proceed without any intermediate steps. There are many variations in the design of concrete stairs, the most common options are:

• Decorating the stairs with wood– it can be either laminate or solid wood. Using wood to finish a concrete staircase, you can achieve such results that upon completion of the work it will be difficult to understand that the staircase was originally concrete.

• Painting the stairs– it will be necessary to putty the entire staircase for painting in order to achieve smooth surface, in this option it is better not to putty the steps themselves, but to paint them right away, because under the load of walking the putty will fly off the steps along with the paint.

• Tiling the stairs– there are many options for tiles: ceramic, porcelain stoneware, clinker. The choice of tiles largely depends on the location of the stairs and on environment(should the tiles be frost-resistant, anti-slip, etc.).

Homemade wrought-iron staircases and do-it-yourself staircases made of metal must be additionally treated with a primer coating before painting them, this is due to the fact that metal is susceptible to corrosion and it is necessary to prevent the formation of rust and destruction of the metal.

Wood and log stairs are most often treated with a clear varnish to preserve the grain of the wood, but whatever you choose to paint your wood stairs with, it should also be treated to prevent mold, mildew, or insects from forming.

A glass staircase requires minimal processing, although a lot depends on the design of such a staircase. If the staircase is made on metal frame, then it also needs to be processed as described earlier.

Hello everybody!
How to get to an object that is at a height beyond your reach? How to collect fruits from the very top of a tree or paint a house? Such questions, most likely, have visited you more than once; it was for these purposes that a special device was invented, which is called a Stepladder.

Stepladders are perhaps the most popular and necessary stairs; they are used in everyday life and in other areas of activity.
This article will describe a method for making an extension ladder, with detailed photo report.

To make the stairs we will need:

Materials:

Two beams 60*40 mm;
- timber 50*35 mm;
- self-tapping screws;
- dye.

Tool:

Wood saw or other available cutting tool;
- Sander;
- drill;
- hammer;
- axe;
- mount.

Let's start by taking two vertical strings with a beam cross-section of 60*40 mm, we take its length at our discretion, in in this case length was 3.6 m.

In order to make the staircase strong and the upper edge of the steps to be horizontal when tilted, we make special notches, apply markings in the places where we plan to install the steps, take the distance between the rungs to be 30 cm. We use timber for the steps with a section of 50 mm, according to these dimensions We make markings and apply them on both sides of the bowstring. Next, mark the depth of the notch - 15-20 mm. We connect the resulting marks with an oblique line, as shown in the photo.

Then, using a sharp ax and a hammer, we remove part of the wood at an angle, but before doing this, we need to make a recess along the marked line with a hacksaw, this is so that the timber does not split in a place that is unnecessary for us.

We use the ax as a plane, leveling the angle of the notch.

In a similar way we make notches on both bowstrings.

Next, using a grinding machine, we process the surface of the timber.

We need to carefully align the notches we made.

Now we paint with paint inner part notches. Set them aside until completely dry.

Next, we take a beam with a cross section of 50*35 mm for the steps, it needs to be slightly modified. We take a plane and use it to remove the chamfer. We perform the same operation on each block.

Then you need to make one of the sides of the beams the base one; to do this, take a corner ruler and apply markings using a pencil.

When everything is ready, using cutting tool sawing everything off jagged edges, after that we treat the surface grinder, smooth the ends.

Now you can move on to making the upper and lower rungs of the stairs. In order to distinguish the top and bottom of the staircase, it needs to be made with a slight narrowing. The top part should be shorter than the bottom. We take the width of the stairs to be 65 cm at the bottom and 55 cm at the top. You can take other sizes at your discretion. Using a tape measure, mark the length.

Using a square, we apply markings in the place where the future step will be cut.

Let's start cutting.

When the steps are ready, we process the ends with a grinding machine.

Next, we find the center at the edges of the beam; to do this, we need to step back from each edge by half the thickness of the string (20 mm).

Then we make holes for self-tapping screws at the marked centers. The self-tapping screw should fit freely into this hole.

We make a countersink using a larger diameter drill.

Now we install the top and bottom crossbars, placing and aligning them in the notch. We make the ends of the steps flush with the side parts of the bowstrings. After this, through the existing holes in the steps, we make a mark of the place where the hole will need to be drilled. They are needed so that the screws do not split the wood when twisted. The holes were made with a drill 0.2-0.3 smaller than the thickness of the screws.

Now you can fix the step in its place, but before that you should paint the pressing side of the crossbar.

When the stairs are given required dimensions, we add the missing steps, to do this we lay out the prepared bars in the notches, aligning the base ends flush with the side parts of the bowstrings.

The material from which the stairs are made can be different - wood, iron, concrete or a combination of these materials. But most often, wood is used to build stairs.

Any structure must be safe for movement on it. To do this, before constructing the staircase, it is necessary to perform calculations based on what type of staircase construction is expected.

To calculate a wooden staircase, do the following:

1. Determine the height of the interfloor space, from floor to ceiling, taking into account the interfloor overlap, and determine the area that will be allocated for the stairs.
2. Determine the number of steps in the staircase based on their tread depth, riser height, and staircase inclination angle. Typically the height of the riser is 150 - 200 mm, and optimal width the approach is usually 250 - 320 mm.
3. You should also take into account the height of the clearance between the horizontal plane of the steps and the lowest part ceiling structure, this is necessary so that a person, when going up or down the stairs, does not touch the ceiling structures with his head.

General examples of drawings for wooden stairs

Before making any dwg drawings, you need to select a stair type.

It is necessary to perform certain measurements and calculations, and determine the general parameters of the stairs:

1. The angle of rise of the stairs, this parameter is usually in the range of 23 - 37 degrees.
2. The minimum height between the ceiling and steps must be at least 2 m.
3. The width of the staircase itself must be at least 1 meter.

After determining all the parameters, you need to draw a floor plan, on which you need to mark the location of the staircase and all its dimensions in relation to the floor plan. Worth doing separately general drawing the entire ladder for a better understanding of everyone required parameters.

All drawings can be made manually, but in order to avoid mistakes, it is best to make all drawings online using a special calculator.

If a person finds it difficult to create a drawing of a staircase on his own, you can use ready-made drawings and diagrams of stairs, print them out, and select the most best option. But this must be done at the stage of building a house, since under finished building It will be difficult to find a drawing.

Detailed and general description of online calculation of wooden stairs

To calculate all the necessary parameters for creating it yourself, you need to take all the dimensions, such as the height between the floors, the area that will be allocated for the staircase, the angle of its inclination, the length of the opening, the number of steps.

To calculate a wooden staircase, it is best to use special online calculators or special utilities:

1. Various utilities also allow you to calculate, view, including in 3D format, and, if necessary, edit everything and redo all diagrams and drawings. You can even create a diagram of the entire house in such utilities, as well as draw a staircase and see how everything will look on a virtual layout.
2. When, you need to decide on the type of staircase, it can be single-flight, double-flight, spiral, staircase with a 180-degree turntable, etc. and each type of staircase requires its own calculation.

That’s why you should use special online calculators or special utilities, which is much more profitable and easier even for novice builders.

Basic drawing for a wooden staircase

The main advantage of a wooden staircase is its relative lightness, environmental friendliness, besides, wood is easy to process, and a wooden staircase will look optimal in a country wooden house.

But, before making a staircase to the second floor of the house, you need to make a drawing of the staircase, which will take into account all the parameters:

1. Based on the drawings, wooden blanks are marked, from which the stairs will subsequently be assembled. All dimensions that will be on paper are transferred to the workpieces, and they are sawed according to the markings applied.
2. But, before making drawings and cutting up the material and then assembling the stairs, you should evaluate your strength, since not everyone can competently draw up a drawing and correctly cut all the material.

Before making a drawing, it is necessary to measure the place in the room where the staircase will be located. This is the height from floor to ceiling, the width of the floor, you should also take into account the type of staircase, its angle of inclination, fastening system, etc.

Without this data, making a drawing of the staircase, much less manufacturing it, will be almost impossible.

The principle of drawing a wooden staircase to the second floor

Houses are built two-story, three-story, and to move between floors, it is necessary to equip a staircase.

The manufacture of any staircase begins with determining its type, this can be:

• Spiral or spiral staircase, one-flight classical staircase, two-flight with a turn, etc.;
• Also, a staircase, in addition to its main function of ascending or descending, can be practically invisible in the room, or, on the contrary, it can stand out in the interior and even serve as a decorative decoration.

Therefore, before you start, you need to choose its type, after that you should schematically draw a house plan, the staircase itself and see how this or that type of staircase will look on the diagram. If the person is satisfied with everything, you can begin to create detailed drawings of the staircase.

When creating a drawing, you should take into account all previously made measurements, the angle of inclination, the width and height of the steps, the width of the staircase itself; if you plan to make a fence, then it should also be depicted in the drawing.

Schemes and drawings for making wooden stairs with your own hands

A staircase is an essential element of houses; it provides a connection between floors; the staircase must also provide comfortable movement along it, be safe and fit into the interior of the room. Planning and building a staircase should be based on building codes, and accurate calculations and drawings are also necessary, since if this is not done, then later, during manufacturing, errors may be discovered.

Nuances that will prevent reworking the entire structure, unnecessary consumption of materials and time:

1. Before creating drawings, you need to decide on the type of staircase, look different examples, and choose the one that will most fully satisfy all the requirements. After this, you can begin to create drawings and plan the arrangement of stairs in one place or another of the house.
2. Before creating a drawing, you should first take a measurement; this is the height from floor to ceiling, taking into account the interfloor partition. And also calculate the number of steps, their width, height and angle of inclination of the stairs, etc.
3. The drawing should not only show all the dimensions of the staircase, but also indicate the railings and their height.

It's also worth drawing general scheme home, which will display the location of the stairs indicating the occupied area.

Such a diagram will allow you to better understand what the finished staircase will look like and will allow you to double-check all calculations before manufacturing the staircase.

For a novice builder, based on the drawings, it is best to start making the simplest staircase using a load-bearing beam - a stringer. Their number in the staircase can vary from 1 to 3.

DIY wooden staircase: calculations (video)

During construction multi-storey building, it is necessary to arrange stairs so that you can get from floor to floor comfortably and safely for the health of residents.

A modern private house is necessarily equipped with a staircase for moving to upper floors or attic space and an ordinary stepladder is unlikely to work here. It is necessary to build something more reliable and durable. For example, a staircase made of solid wood. A DIY wooden staircase will require special care at all stages of its manufacture.

Advantages

Wood is the most environmentally friendly and easiest to process material that does not require special processing skills. It can be used both for interior structures and for the porch of a house. Stairs with a metal frame are considered much more reliable, but now we are not talking about them.

Fully wooden structures, which can be assembled as a constructor, have the following advantages:

• acceptable price;
• availability of material;
• easy processing.

The most common material is pine. This is an inexpensive soft wood that is well suited for beginners. The disadvantage of pine is its soft texture, which is why during operation the structure may begin to darken and the steps may creak if construction or a porch made of a similar material is not installed before construction begins. necessary processing wood

When building a more reliable, beautiful and durable staircase structure, it is better to use expensive varieties. Stairs made from solid beech, oak or larch have an inimitable structure and increased wear resistance due to the density of this material. The only drawback These breeds are high in price.

Design

How to do wooden stairs for a porch or for a house made of solid oak, pine, ash and larch? Before studying the manufacturing instructions and talking about the frame and components, you need to understand what types of wooden structures you can assemble with your own hands. Conventionally, we can distinguish marching and spiral staircases.

Screw structures are used in rooms with limited space. These structures are not suitable for moving large objects and can only be used for human movement. Such a staircase will never be completely wooden, since the support (rod, pipe) is made of metal.

Marching stairs are the simplest to implement. Wooden structures of this kind on stringers or bowstrings are mounted both indoors and outdoors (mainly for the porch, which, as a rule, is located on a metal frame). At indoor installation the main criterion is ergonomics. That is why it is not so important what kind of staircase will be built in your room - a single-flight staircase, a double-flight staircase with a platform, or a design with winder steps. It is worth noting that it is not much more difficult than the straight line.

The main thing is that it fits perfectly into the space allocated to it and is in harmony in style with the engineering elements surrounding it. A wooden staircase inside a house means, first of all, warmth and comfort. These are not simple porch stairs or welded structures on a metal frame. To choose the right type of staircase structure, you need to measure the area on which the staircase will be located. Then make initial calculations and draw drawings. A detailed drawing will show the location of the structure in the room and how ergonomic it will be.

Elements

Making wooden stairs from solid wood will require some knowledge about the elements of staircase structures. Let's understand the terminology.

1. Bowstring - a supporting beam and an element of additional fastening of the steps, located at the end of the latter.
2. Stringers are the most common method of making wooden staircase structures. Cuts are made in load-bearing parallel beams on which treads are laid.
3. Treads – the surface of a step.
4. Risers are the vertical part of the step, mounted (if necessary) between the steps, covering the visible space.
5. Balusters are a fencing element that gives the structure additional rigidity and strength. Attaches to steps and railings.
6. Pillars (or support rod) - are installed mainly when installing screw structures as the main (central) load-bearing element.
7. The railing is part of the enclosing structure of the staircase, attached to the top of the balusters or fastening spokes.
8. Decorative elements – decorative overlays, stubs.

On bowstrings or stringers?

Stairs for the house on bowstrings and stringers are equally simple when self-production. You should understand the difference between them. The strings are attached to the end of the tread using corners, grooves and wood glue or using bars. All this is held together with self-tapping screws or bolted connections.

The stringers are located under the steps and are secured with special fastening fittings.

For the production of bowstrings and stringers, blanks from solid oak, ash, pine and larch are most often used. These tree species are the most common in the vast expanses of our homeland. To produce load-bearing elements, woodworking enterprises use machines that dissolve logs into unedged board required thickness (and the load-bearing parts are at least 50 mm), when cutting which is formed finished timber(50x50, 50x100, etc.). If you decide to assemble the structure on bowstrings with your own hands, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with it.

Milling strings for steps

Making a stringer

Calculation

To make accurate calculations and draw up a drawing.

1. The angle of inclination of the stairs should not be higher than 45 degrees.
2. The tread depth should not be less than 250mm.
3. The height of the riser is in the range of 160-200mm.
4. The minimum opening width is 1000mm.
5. The height of fences (railings) should not exceed 1000mm. For children, additional handrails are installed at a height of 600mm.
6. The vertical opening should not be lower than 2000mm.

Applying these simple rules you can build a correct and convenient staircase structure for your house or porch.

Important!

It should be remembered that the topmost step must be level with the floor of the second floor, this applies to both concrete and wooden floors.

Marking and production of elements

Let's consider detailed instructions about how to make a wooden staircase for your home. After detailed calculations and analysis of the drawing, you can begin marking and manufacturing structural elements.

1. We apply markings to the bowstrings or stringers. To do this, it is convenient to use a right triangle or a special corner with marked legs (rise height and tread width).
2. We measure the length of the steps and risers, as well as other elements that we will cut out ourselves.
3. We cut out all the elements of the staircase structure using an electric saw.
4. Sanding everything wooden blanks stairs.
5. If there is no opening for passage to the second floor, it is necessary to organize it by dismantling part of the ceiling.

Assembly and installation instructions

Assembling a staircase for a house on wooden stringers or bowstrings begins with the installation of load-bearing elements. Rigid fixation at the upper and lower points is carried out using corners, threaded connections, or anchors (depending on the material of the floor and floor). Before final fastening load-bearing structures It would be nice to check the coincidence of the horizons once again. To do this, use a level placed on the horizontal “notches” (the place where the future tread is attached). If the stringers were cut according to one pattern, then there is no need to worry too much. So, during the assembly process, do not be lazy to look at the drawing once again and keep a measuring tool at hand.

Log staircase

Quite often the question arises: “Is it possible to make a staircase from a log?” Of course you can. It cannot be made from just one log. Let's look at the options.

The logs are sawn in half. From these blanks steps and load-bearing parts will subsequently be made (one might say massive “strings”). For convenience, let's look at simple project- straight stairs. After processing the front side using an electric planer and an emery wheel, we proceed to marking inside. The steps and fasteners will be attached to it (a steel corner is the most suitable option for such a massive structure; it is secured with a threaded connection or an anchor).

We install our bowstrings, securing them to the ceiling and to the floor. In accordance with the markings, we use self-tapping screws to attach the bars to the bowstrings, which will support our steps made of half-logs (choose the width yourself). Immediately before fixing, we check the horizon of each step with a level. We drill a hole through the string into the end of the step, without allowing it to move. We lay the anchor and tighten it until it stops. There are four anchors for each step. Little secret fasteners - for greater reliability, drip inside the drilled hole silicone sealant, and then lay the anchor. The head of the anchor bolt can be hidden in a hidden compartment.

To install such a ladder, you can use threaded connections with the organization of hidden “windows” in the steps for tightening elements, but this requires serious skills in working with wood. This type of construction made from logs is much more reliable. You can also make steps for the porch stairs from logs, which is also very interesting.

Some manage from one solid log create something vaguely reminiscent of a ladder by placing it under the right angle, and cutting into it the semblance of steps. It would be more correct to lay two logs in parallel as load-bearing stringers, make cuts in them for steps and attach the latter to the load-bearing parts. So you can make a staircase from a log. It remains to add that such a structure, if done correctly, will be no worse than concrete ones in terms of reliability. As you can see, marching structures Quite easy to install. If we talk about screw ones, then everything is somewhat more complicated. However, you can install it too.

Do-it-yourself log staircase

Processing of the finished product

All elements of the staircase structure are securely fastened and sanded. All that remains is to treat the surface of the porch or stairs for the house by special means protection from insects, from rotting and to give a beautiful appearance.
Indoor staircases should fit harmoniously into the interior of the room. Therefore, to process these structures it is used varnish coating. If necessary, the stairs can be tinted suitable shades colored varnish, stain or whitewash (this technique is now very popular).

The entire processing process can be divided into three main processes:

• grinding;
• primer;
• varnish protection.

Advice!

When choosing materials for processing, it is better to give preference to alkyd and urethane varnishes.

It is very good to treat the porch of a wooden house with drying oil applied in several layers. This will prevent the structure from rotting and extend its life.

For a beginner without certain skills in working with tools, building a ladder on his own will not be easy. However, it is possible. The main thing is to correctly calculate and accurately mark the structural elements. Installing precisely calibrated parts will not be a big hassle.

Professional production and installation of wooden stairs

Oh Tom, with your own hands for the stairs and the porch.