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WATER HEATERS CAPACITIVE ELECTRICAL
Manufacturing company Unitherm	Country of origin: Germany	Certificate of conformity GOSSTANDARD OF THE RF C -DE .AB 66.B .00374

ABOUTcompanies

German company Unitherm Haustechnik GmbH specializes in the production of water heating, heating, pumping equipment and electrical appliances.

All products are manufactured in factories in Germany and the EU and have the necessary certificates of conformity and quality. Newest technologies, best ratio price-quality and modern design most accurately characterize the product Unitherm and allow the company to occupy a leading position in the global market.

The company pays great attention to environmental protection. First of all, this concerns energy-saving technologies and devices that help reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere and use energy more efficiently.

Device and principle of operation.

Storage water heaters have a tank in which water is heated. Wherein cold water is located at the bottom of the tank, and the hot one is at the top.During the pick up hot water from the water heater, it is displaced by cold. Cold water enters the water heater from below, under pressure, and hot water is drawn from above. The diagram shows that the cold water supply pipe is short, and the hot water intake pipe is long, therefore, all hot water the water is flowing on top of the water heater. In order for hot water to flow constantly, the water heater must have access to cold water, and it must be connected to the electrical network. It should be remembered that hot water from the storage water heater will not flow constantly, since hot water is displaced by cold water, and the heating element, although it turns on at this time, is not powerful enough to immediately heat the water.

Electric DHW water heaters - pros and cons

• Providing a sufficiently large volume of hot water (depending on the characteristics of the model you choose).
• Possibility of supplying hot water simultaneously to several water points
• Possibility of connection to a regular electrical network.
• There does not have to be a lot of pressure in the water main.

· The thermal insulation layer ensures that the water temperature in the tank is maintained for a sufficiently long time.

• The outlet water temperature can be very high (up to 75 0 C).

• Time required to heat water (minimum 20 minutes - depending on volume).

• When you consume little hot water, the device is forced to waste extra energy to maintain the temperature of the water in the tank, i.e. in fact, to heat it up.
• The main inconvenience of boilers is their size.
• Storage water heaters tend to be more expensive than instantaneous water heaters.
• Since water is stored in a container, its quality, especially drinking water, may deteriorate.

• With regular use, the magnesium anode needs to be replaced every 2-3 years.

Connection diagram for a capacitive electric water heater.

ELECTRIC STORAGE WATER HEATERS companies Unitherm

· Universal storage water heaters for installing heating elements, floor-mounted, 800-1000 l, stainless steel. steelUS... Uni S 59 kb

· Floor water heaters universal with the ability to install heating elements and/or heat exchangers with a capacity from 140 to 3000 l US...Uni

· Storage water heaters: electric, floor-mounted, 200-600 lUS, US...B 72 kb

· Storage water heaters: electric, wall-mounted, vertical, 30-200 lUSR 104 kb

· Storage water heaters: electric, wall-mounted, horizontal, 50-200 lUSR...H 86 kb

Capacitive electric water heaters.

Electric floor-mounted DHW heaters closed type seriesUS 200–600 B, US 200–400 with a capacity from 200 to 600 l, designed for floor mounting and operation in water heating systems with a maximum operating pressure of up to 10 bar. The devices have single-phase 230 V or three-phase 400 V electrical connection(volume above 400 l) depending on power consumption, possibility of using a cheap night tariff (only US ...). Water heaters can provide hot water one or more water points. To save energy, it is recommended to set the energy saving mode to 60° C.

Design

● Internal container made of steel ST 372, coated with anti-corrosion enamel;

● C removablethermal insulation from environmentally friendly pure material;

● Built-in heating flange (∅ 180 mm) with a heating element made of of stainless steel;

● Protective magnesium anode∅ 33x400–M8;

● Control unit and heating indicator on the heating flange;

● Heating temperature regulator with smooth adjustment 20–75°C;

● Frost protection mode and safety temperature limiter.

IP 24 (protection against splashing water);

USR, with a capacity from 30 to 200 l, designed for wall mounting and operation in water heating systems with a maximum operating pressure of up to 6 bar ( USR 30–50) and 8 bar (USR 80–200). Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more water points and are used in both open and closed systems heating water. The devices are equipped with a heating indicator and a stepless regulator that allows you to set the heating temperature in the range from 15 to 65°C ( USR 30–50) or from 20 to 75°С ( USR 80–200).

Design

● Steel body, powder coated white;

● Internal container made of high quality steel ST 37–2 with a special glass-ceramic coating applied by casting at a temperature of 850°C;

● Control unit and heating indicator on the front panel;

● Heating temperature regulator with smooth adjustment from 15 to 65°C ( USR 30–50) or from 20 to 75°С ( USR 80–200);

● Mounting bracket included

● High degree of electrical safety: type of protection IP 24.

Electric capacitive water heaters of the closed type seriesUSR... H, with a capacity from 50 to 200 l, are designed for wall mounting and operation in water heating systems with a maximum operating pressure of up to 8 bar. Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more water points and are used in both open and closed water heating systems. The horizontal position of the device allows it to be placed in conditions limited space. The devices are equipped with a heating indicator and a stepless regulator that allows you to set the heating temperature in the range from 20 to 73°C.

Design

● Steel body, painted with white powder enamel;

● High quality steel inner container St 372 with a special glass-ceramic coating applied by casting at a temperature of 850° C;

● Thermal insulation from environmentally friendly material;

● Heating element made of stainless steel;

● Anti-corrosion magnesium anode;

● Heating temperature regulator with smooth adjustment from 20 to 75°C, hidden under a decorative cover;

● Heating indicator on the front panel;

● Thermometer;

● Frost protection mode and protective temperature limiter;

● Mounting bracket included.

● High degree of electrical safety: protection class IP X 4 (protection against splashing water).

Design and principle of operation of universal capacitive water heaters.

The principle of operation of universal capacitive water heaters is practically no different from the principle of operation of capacitive electric water heaters. The main difference is the use of different water heating systems (electric heating element, water-to-water heat exchanger), and in water heaters with double-flange holes, their combinations.

Universal DHW water heaters - pros and cons

Positive characteristics:

• Providing a large volume of hot water (depending on the characteristics of the model you choose).
• Possibility of supplying hot water simultaneously to several water points
• Possibility of connecting various water heating systems (heat sources).
• There does not have to be a lot of pressure in the water main.
• High efficiency due to the use of various water heating systems.

· The thermal insulation layer ensures that the water temperature in the tank is maintained for a long time.

• High outlet water temperature (up to 95 0 C).

Negative characteristics:

• Time required to heat water.

· The volume of hot water is limited by the size of the tank.

• With regular use, the magnesium anode needs to be replaced every 1-2 years.

Universal floor-mounted storage water heaters of a closed type US...Uni volumes from 140 to 3000 liters are optimally suited for providing hot water supply both in small facilities and in facilities with a large demand for hot water.
Water heaters are produced in versions with one (140-500 l) and two (300-3000 l) flange openings, which provides ample opportunities for combining water heaters for various heating systems - electric heating element or water-to-water heat exchanger, which are supplied separately.
All models with two flanged holes have a flange diameter of 240 mm (maximum power 2x45 kW), models with one flanged hole - 180 mm (maximum power 1x10 kW).
All water heaters are equipped with a threaded coupling for installing an additional heating element with a power of up to 9 kW.
Water heaters with a capacity of up to 500 liters are equipped with a metal casing, as evidenced by the M index in the model name. Water heaters with a capacity of 800 l or more are supplied in a soft, removable casing.
Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more water points.

Design

· Heating container made of high quality steel ST37-2 with double coating of environmentally friendly anti-corrosion quartz enamel;

· One flanged hole 180 mm (US ...1 M Uni) or two flanged holes 240 mm (US ...2 (M) Uni) for installing electric heating elements and heat exchangers, (unused holes can be closed with a plug and cover);

· Threaded coupling for installing an additional electric heating element;

· Highly effective environmentally friendly removable thermal insulation with a thickness from 50 (US ...1 M Uni) to 100 mm (US ...2 Uni);

· Magnesium anode or externally powered anode - for additional protection from corrosion;

· Fittings for connecting cold and hot pipelines, as well as a fitting for connecting a return circulation pipeline;

· Hard metal casing (US...M Uni) or soft removable casing (US...Uni)

· Built-in thermometer.

Universal electric floor storage water heaters of a closed type US...Uni S with a volume of 800 to 1000 liters made of stainless steel, they are optimally suited for providing hot water supply in facilities with a high demand for hot water. Water heaters are produced in versions with two flange openings, which provides ample opportunities for the use of electric heating elements with a power of up to 10 kW each. The maximum operating pressure in the hot water supply system is 10 bar. Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more water points.

Design

• Heating container - stainless steel "inox» AISI 316 L , the weld is made using technology TIG in combination with plasma welding;
• High quality eco-friendly removable thermal insulation with magnetic closure, base color is white;
• Two flange holes∅ 134 mm at the front of the water heater;
• Thermometer;
• Fittings for connecting cold and hot water pipelines, as well as a fitting for connecting a return circulation pipeline;
• Height-adjustable legs

Warm water in the bathroom and kitchen is a must modern life, making it better in every way. But centralized water supply, providing hot water to most residential buildings, does not always meet the criteria for quality service. And in rural areas or in holiday villages the only way to accept hot shower- This is to heat the water yourself.

Convenience and indispensability of electric water heaters

The most obvious way to heat water is with an open fire or an archaic stove. Until recently, a wood-burning boiler, popularly nicknamed titanium, was popular in rural areas.

Wood-burning Titan

But lighting a titanium furnace or boiler is a labor-intensive task, moreover, it requires fuel and time, and which modern man will burden himself with difficulties if he is accustomed to receiving warm water just by opening the tap?

Convenient use of hot water

That's why, electric water heaters They are practically irreplaceable sources of hot water in non-gasified regions that do not have reserves of easily accessible fuel.

Residents of city houses also install them, refusing unstable district heating, which is much better than depending on an unreliable heat supplier.

Water heater in a city apartment

In addition, electric water heaters are much easier to use, maintain and connect than a gas boiler, which requires a reliable chimney for its operation.

Types of designs of electric water heaters

Water heaters, or as they are popularly called - boilers, differ in two constructive principles, determining their size and energy consumption:

The water in the boiler warms up to the required temperature in a few hours and is consumed as needed.

There are several methods of heating water that are being developed and implemented in mass production such “titans” of the water heater industry as “Ariston”, “Bosch”, “Electrolux”, “Thermex”, “AEG”, “Drazice”, “Thermex”, “Titan”.

But unlike the “exotic” methods - microwave and heating water directly with electric current, “classical” heating using a hot spiral remains the most popular.

Heating water using a heating element

When leaking electric current along a conductor that has increased resistance (compared to copper, aluminum or iron), according to the well-known Joule-Lenz law, it is released significantly more heat than in electrical wiring wires.

Joule-Lenz law

This physical regularity made it possible to create heating elements based on nickel and chromium alloys with high temperature melting.

Under no circumstances should water come into contact with the surface of the heated spiral - thermal electrochemical processes will very quickly destroy the material of the spiral.

In addition, direct electrical contact of live surfaces with water will be unsafe for users operating the water heater.

Dangerous voltage on the surface of a water tap

Therefore, the heating element spiral is isolated from water masses, enclosing it in a sealed, waterproof structure with good dielectric properties and acceptable thermal conductivity.

Reasons for the popularity of capacitive water heaters

The design solutions of water heaters largely determine the type of heating elements used in them. For example, in instantaneous boilers, the spirals of heaters and pipes through which water circulates form complex system, difficult to repair.

Instantaneous water heater design

But it should be noted that instantaneous water heaters do not consume electricity to heat the reserve volume of water.

It is easier to heat water in storage boilers– The heating element is installed at the bottom of the tank, and can be easily replaced by the owner of the water heater himself, without the involvement of a specialist.

Free access to the heating element of a storage water heater

Since instantaneous boilers require a fairly large electrical wiring power to quickly heat the water flow, such water heaters for summer cottages or ordinary apartment Not the best choice, taking into account what kind of network there is in holiday villages or wiring in apartment buildings.

Therefore, a kind of “titanium” dominating the boiler market is the storage (capacitive) water heater, which is rightfully considered by users to be the best purchase for the ability to constantly use hot water.

Large range of storage boilers

Whatever the type of heating element, it must be electrically safe, because water is an excellent conductor of current. Therefore, manufacturers of heating elements try to protect the conductive coil from water as best as possible.

Appearance of a tubular heating element for a water heater

To do this, the heater spiral, together with heat-conducting insulators, is enclosed in a sealed metal tube that transfers heat to the water.

The electrical connection of the heating element is made in the part of the heating element inaccessible to water on contact terminals electrically connected to the coil.

Various designs Heating elements for water heaters

Corrosion of storage tanks

One of the biggest problems that arise during the operation of a storage water heater is corrosion internal surfaces of the tank.

Corrosion occurs due to the presence of dissolved oxygen in water and its elevated temperature. Currents of an electrochemical nature arise in water.

The inner surface of the heater tank is covered with corrosion

It is known that positive ions, breaking away from the metal surface, literally reduce the number of molecules, which affects the physical and chemical resistance of the material.

To prevent this from happening, the inner surface of the water heater tank is covered with enamel, protecting the metal surface from contact with water.

Another method of anti-corrosion protection is to use a more active metal (magnesium) as an anode, which will react to the resulting potential differences by releasing its ions into the reaction instead of steel.

Heating element with worn magnesium anode

Modern water heaters are equipped software, which monitors the electrical activity of water, and uses an active titanium anode.

Principles for implementing corrosion protection using anodes

Because titanium is very resistant chemical element, then it does not release ions into the reaction; instead, a constant electrical voltage is applied to it.

The voltage level on the titanium electrode is determined by the water heater’s software algorithm, which temporarily turns off the voltage and measures the current potential difference in the water.

Control panel of a modern water heater with program control

The connection and adjustment of the operation of this electrode is carried out at the factory, and, as a rule, unlike the magnesium rod, which needs to be changed once a year, replacement of the titanium anode is not required during the entire operation of the water heater.

Types and design of heating elements for water heaters

Another problem that causes electric water heaters to fail is corrosion and destruction of the heating element itself due to the accumulation of scale on its surface.

Limescale impairs the heat transfer of the heating element, as a result of which the metal tube overheats and burns out. At this point, current leakage occurs through the scale moistened with water.

Breakdown and destruction of the water heater heating element

With each heating element switched on, the electrical breakdown increases in size and its resistance decreases until a short circuit occurs to the housing through water.

Current leakage through water can pose a threat to human health and life, so boiler manufacturers began to produce water heaters with dry heating elements.

Dry heating element for water heater

This heating element has a slightly different design, in which heat is transferred through air gaps in ceramic insulators. The thermal conductivity and water resistance of the heating element is ensured by a steel bulb in contact with water.

Design of a water heater with a dry heating element

Regardless of what kind of heater the water heater is equipped with, when connecting it, you must use RCD to protect against possible leaks that could result in electric shock.

Connecting electric water heaters

For self-installation and putting into operation an electric water heater, you must have minimal skills as an electrician and plumber.

The instructions for the water heater must clearly describe the entire connection process. If the user does not have enough experience working with plumbing equipment, then it is better to delegate this area of ​​work to the appropriate specialist.

Connection water fittings to the water heater

As already mentioned, water heaters, which are usually installed in the bathroom, must be connected to the electrical network using an RCD without fail, in accordance with the PUE standard.

Clause 7.1.48 PUE

Electrical wiring must be designed for the power and current consumed by the water heater. Considering that boilers consume significant current, it is better to use a separate electrical wiring line, protected by a separate circuit breaker, to power them.

Most water heaters plug into a regular outlet with a grounding contact. IN in this case The socket must have a high degree of electrical protection - IP4, and have a hinged waterproof cover.

Socket with protective hinged cover IP44

Some high-power water heaters can be connected to the electrical network using connection terminals. The connection diagram and terminal location are indicated on the boiler body and in the user manual.

"Plumbing" (Publishing house "AVOC-PRESS"), No. 1, 2002

• main types of water heaters;
• short description instantaneous and storage (capacitive) water heaters;
• main types of storage (capacitive) water heaters;
• electric storage (capacitive) water heaters;
• combined storage (capacitive) water heaters;
• gas storage (capacitive) water heaters;
• main manufacturers of storage (capacitive) water heaters;

Almost every owner of both a large cottage and small house in the village. And city residents remember this problem at least once a year during a preventive summer shutdown of hot water supply.

The range of water heaters presented on the Russian market is very wide - dozens of manufacturers, many of the most different models. The purpose of this article is to help you understand at least a little about this equipment.

What types of water heaters are there?

There are several types of devices that heat water for domestic needs: electric, gas, solid fuel, indirect heating hot water from the heating system coolant (they are often called “water-to-water”). Water heaters are also divided into instantaneous and storage (capacitive). In flow-through systems, water is heated as it moves past heat transfer elements (electric heating elements, copper pipes, plate heat exchangers). The main advantages of storage (capacitive) water heaters are comfort and convenience, because... you can always stock up on plenty of hot water in advance. The main advantage of flow-through ones is their compactness. All water heaters can be divided into the following types: gas instantaneous water heaters (often called “gas water heaters”), 1.gas storage (capacitive) water heaters, electric instantaneous water heaters, electric storage (with and without built-in coil) water heaters, electric storage (capacitive) water heaters with a firebox for solid fuel, indirect heating. This article will take a closer look at the most popular ones - capacitive water heaters (boilers). Using the example of products from the Czech company DRAZICE, the difference between electric water heaters (Fig. 1), electric ones with a built-in coil (Fig. 2) and indirect heating boilers (Fig. 3) is very clearly visible.

Water heaters of the company DRAZICE

Electric storage (capacitive) water heaters.

The use of electric storage (capacitive) water heaters is most optimal when you want to have a sufficient amount of hot water, and the electrical wiring of your home or the amount of allocated electricity for your cottage does not allow the use of instantaneous water heaters, the average power consumption of which ranges from 5 to 27 kW.

Storage (capacitive) electric water heaters are quite simple and reliable devices, the main elements of which are an internal tank and a heating element- Heater. The tank volume of most manufacturers usually ranges from 10 to 200 liters, the power of the heating element is from 1.2 to 2.5 kW. These two parameters determine the heating time of water in the water heater. For 10-15 liter boilers it will take approximately 30-40 minutes, for 200 liter boilers - 5-8 hours. In addition to the tank and heating element, water heaters usually include: a magnesium anode (prevents corrosion of the internal tank), thermal insulation (ensures that the heated water retains heat), a thermostat (allows you to set the desired temperature), an outer casing (determines appearance boiler), safety valve (to relieve excess pressure).

Gas storage (capacitive) water heaters.

Now a few words about storage (capacitive) gas water heaters. Their sales volume in Russia is much lower than that of electric ones. At the same time, gas water heaters in some cases are much more profitable than electric ones and their higher price more than pays off during operation, because the cost of gas is several times less than the cost of electricity. The comfort provided by storage (capacitive) water heaters gives them the opportunity, under certain conditions, to successfully compete with geysers.

It is important to note that many companies produce two types of capacitive gas water heaters:

1. with natural draft (with open camera combustion),
2. with forced draft (with a closed combustion chamber).

Forced draft water heaters have the following advantages: they do not require additional air flow into the room to maintain the combustion process, they can reduce investment during installation, because there is no need to make an expensive traditional chimney, instead of which a short and inexpensive coaxial chimney can be successfully used. Their main disadvantage is their noticeably higher cost compared to water heaters with an open combustion chamber (about 1.5 times).

The main elements of gas storage (capacitive) water heaters are:

1. a tank protected from the inside with a special coating and equipped with a magnesium anode to prevent corrosion,
2. outer casing made of steel, coated with a layer of paint,
3. insulation that reduces heat loss,
4. an exhaust hood that prevents the backflow of exhaust gases,
5. atmospheric gas-burner,
6. Control block,
7. a protection system that shuts off the flow of gas in the event of abnormal operation.

		AMERICAN WATER HEATERS

I will try to list some brands of capacitive water heaters that are widely represented on the Russian market.

1) Electric DHW Heaters:

• ARISTON (Italy)
• AUSTRIA EMAIL (Austria)
• BAXI (Italy)
• DEMIR DOKUM (Türkiye)
• DIMPLEX (Germany)
• DRAZICE (Czech Republic)
• ELECTROLUX (Sweden)
• EUROBOILER (Italy)
• GORENJE (Slovenia)
• IDROPI (Italy)
• ISEA (Italy)
• LIKE (Italy)
• STIEBEL ELTRON (Germany)
• TATRAMAT (Slovakia)
• THERMEX (Italy)
• THERMIA (Finland)
• WESTER (England)

2) - electric heating element plus coil:

• ARISTON (Italy)
• AUSTRIA EMAIL (Austria)
• DRAZICE (Czech Republic)
• EUROBOILER (Italy)
• GORENJE (Slovenia)
• IDROPI (Italy)
• TATRAMAT (Slovakia)
• WESTER (England)

3) Combined DHW water heaters- electric heating element plus firebox for wood:

• ARISTON (Italy)

4) Gas cylinders:

• AMERICAN WATER HEATERS (USA)
• ARISTON (Italy)
• VAILLANT (Germany)

How to choose a cylinder water heater from the many existing ones?

To select the volume of the water heater, you can focus on the average one-time consumption of hot water by one person.

• Bathroom 150 - 180 l
• Shower 50 - 90 l
• Washbasin 6 - 17 l
• Kitchen sink 20 - 30 l

Taking into account the number of family members and your individual needs for hot water, using this table you can choose the approximate volume of the required water heater.

Typically, the most popular models for use outside the city are boilers with a volume of 100 to 200 liters. In a city apartment, few people can afford to install a water heater of such a large volume, so in this case, boilers with a volume of 10 to 50 liters are often purchased, which may well brighten up the problems arising in connection with the annual summer shutdown of hot water supply.

Most companies produce boilers in both vertical and horizontal versions (the exception is Electrolux, which produces models that can be positioned both vertically and horizontally). Which type to choose depends only on the convenience of placing the water heater in your room. If you don’t care, then it’s more logical to buy a vertical one, because... Usually, if all other parameters are equal, its price is lower.

Unfortunately, it is impossible to describe all brands of water heaters in the scope of one article, but I would like to hope that you have received a sufficient volume useful information, which will help you better navigate the products presented on the Russian market.

The use of indirect heating water heaters is justified when solid fuel or is installed in the heating system. If there is gas in the house, then it is easier and cheaper to use either single-circuit ones in tandem with gas water heaters. In the case of installing an indirect heating boiler, there can be no talk of it, since there are electric prototypes of it.

Operating principle of a cylinder water heater

Let's start with what an indirect heating water heater is - it is a reservoir in which water for household needs is heated due to the operation of the boiler. It performs the same functions as a conventional electric boiler. The tank can be connected to any boiler, but is usually used in tandem with solid fuel. The main thing is that the heater has a circuit for an indirect heating water heater. The operating principle is quite simple:

• the boiler circulates coolant through the built-in heat exchanger in the tank;
• hot liquid gives up its heat to the water in the tank;
• when the water in the tank reaches the set temperature, the circulation of the coolant through the heat exchanger stops;
• when the temperature drops, circulation resumes.

Korean ones are inexpensive, but this does not reflect on the quality - it is excellent.

The boiler is also in demand, especially among apartment owners.

As hot water is used, liquid from the water supply enters the tank. The tank has a recharge pipe that operates autonomously. The degree of filling is controlled by special sensors. Depending on the configuration of the tank, it is installed in a dead-end or circulation system DHW.

How to choose an indirect heating water heater

The components and materials of indirectly heated water heaters may vary, and this should be taken into account when choosing. You need to start with the materials. The main thing to look at is what the tank is made of. It can be made of ordinary steel or stainless steel. The latter is naturally better, but such a product also costs more. The service life of the product depends on the quality of the tank material, so this selection criterion is one of the determining ones.

When you have decided on the materials, you need to decide what DHW system you plan to mount. If this is a circulating DHW, then the indirectly heated cylinder water heater must have a pipe for recirculation. Main design elements:

• the tank itself;
• coolant circuit (connected to the boiler);
• temperature sensor;
• pipes for connecting DHW;
• pipe for replenishment from the water supply.

An electric heating element can be installed as additional options. This is an optional element, but it's still better when it is there. Do you use hot water? all year round, but there is no heating. It is unreasonable to fire a boiler just for the sake of heating water; it is much more convenient to use an electric heating element.

Heating elements can be dry or wet. From experience we can say that it is better not to use a dry heating element. It is more expensive and, despite all the efforts of manufacturers, it also burns out. A dry heating element is cheap, you can change it yourself, and it’s much easier to find on sale.

The last, optional element of the package is a built-in heat exchanger for alternative sources energy. The water in the tank can be heated using connected or.

When all technical points settled, all that remains is to select the volume. Based on reviews, we can say that for a family of three adults, a 100-liter tank will be enough. But even if you take a larger tank, no unpleasant moments will arise during operation. The only thing is that it will take more time for the first heating. Then the water will be heated as it is used. If you do not open the hot water tap, it remains in the tank and does not cool down. The water heater is well insulated with polyurethane foam, so heat loss is minimal.

How to install a storage water heater

Installation storage water heaters indirect heating depends on whether your boiler has a special circuit for it. If yes, then all that is required is to connect the pipes of the heat exchanger built into the tank to the heater and insert the temperature sensor of the tank into the designated place in the boiler.

When the pressure in the heating system reaches a critical value, it releases.

Operation is more expensive, but installation is cheaper.

If you have a regular boiler, then the water heater is connected to the heating system, like another radiator. The main problem is controlling the temperature of the water in the tank. Therefore, it is installed according to the principle of a warm floor - through mixing unit. A conventional three-way valve, to which a temperature sensor from the boiler is connected, is ideal for this purpose. Naturally, you need to follow basic rules: the presence of shut-off valves and the installation of detachable connections (American).

The use of electric water heaters is the most in a convenient way solving the problem of lack of hot water supply in an apartment or country house.

Video review - Capacitive water heater.

According to the method of heating water, electric water heaters are divided into two groups:

Usage instantaneous water heaters, in which cold water passing through pipe with heating element, comes out of it already hot, somewhat problematic. First of all, because of the power they consume. This is about 5-8 kW. Not every home's wiring can withstand such power.

It will be much more rational to use electric water heaters of capacitive or storage type. There is a wide range of such water heaters, the capacity of which ranges from 5 to 150 liters.

Just like a flow-type water heater, it has a heating element (heating element). The heating element heats the water to desired temperature and turns off. When the temperature of the heated water decreases slightly, the heating element turns on again and heats the cooled water. In order to reduce heat loss between the outer casing and the container (tank), a thermal insulation layer of hard foam was created.

An important factor in choosing a capacitive water heater is the fact that the power of such a device is in the region 2 kW. Homeowners won't have to worry about wiring. Water is heated slowly, over several hours, but with such a gentle mode of use, energy consumption becomes significantly less.

Before buying a cylinder water heater, you should decide what volume of hot water is needed for use in a given home. Accordingly, the more water you need, the larger the capacity water heater you should buy. Because, installing a water heater small volume, the owners will force their device to work without rest, which will increase electricity consumption and significant wear of the water heating elements.

If there are two or more water risers in the home, it would be more advisable to install two or even several water heaters with different tank capacities. For example, in the kitchen, where water consumption is significantly less than on the riser in the bathroom, it is worth installing DHW water heater with a volume of 10 to 30 liters. But when installing a water heater for a bathroom, you need to take into account how many people will use hot water in it and how much of it will be required for this. For big family A cylinder water heater with a tank volume of 80 to 150 liters or more is best suited.

A little about the design of a cylinder water heater

Mostly inner surface Most electric water heaters are made of steel coated with a layer of protective enamel. This is a fairly durable material with good anti-corrosion properties, non-toxic, resistant to chemical substances. Installed inside the tank anti-corrosion anode, increasing the service life of metal parts.

In regions with hard water there is a possibility of rapid formation limescale inside the tank. To avoid this unpleasant phenomenon, before installing a capacitive water heater, you should equip the water supply unit with filtering units. If this is not possible, periodically clean the tank from lime deposits.