Almost everyone has probably tried mango. This fruit is very popular in Southeast Asian countries. In Russia, grow in open ground The climate does not allow it, but at home it is quite possible. Even a non-fruiting tree looks very attractive, decorating the interior.
What does a mango look like?
In nature, mango (Mangifera indica) is a powerful evergreen tree, growing up to 40 m in height. The crown is wide, spreading, 10–15 m in diameter. Its homeland is the tropics of Southeast Asia. It is especially common in India, Thailand, Vietnam, and Myanmar. Nowadays, extensive plantations exist in the southern states of the USA, Mexico, the Caribbean and Central America, and Australia. Humanity has been growing mangoes for over 4,000 years. In its homeland it is called “fruit of the gods”, “great fruit”, and also “Asian apple”. According to legend, mangoes are a wedding gift from the god Shiva to his future wife Sati.
In nature, a mango tree can grow up to 40 m in height
The mango tree grows quite quickly, but you have to wait 10–15 years for fruiting. But its productive period is 250–300 years.
Mango plantations exist in many countries with tropical climates
It is not possible to grow mangoes in open ground in Russia. The climate and weather conditions are radically different from what the plant is accustomed to. But amateur flower growers have successfully “domesticated” the crop and even manage to get a harvest in “captivity.” In such conditions, the height of the tree is usually limited to 1.5–2 m.
Mango tree can bear fruit for 300 years
Mango leaves are long and narrow, lancet-shaped. The front side is painted bright green and has a glossy shine. The reverse side is lighter and matte. Young leaves have a yellowish, pinkish or reddish tint. At first they look very sluggish, lifeless. Don’t be surprised, this is the norm for the plant, and not some kind of exotic disease. In their homeland they are called “shawl leaves,” hinting that they look like laundry hung out to dry.
Young mango leaves are colored in different shades of reddish-yellow and pinkish - this is the norm for the plant.
The juice of the leaves is poisonous. It can cause allergies, cause a rash, and redness of the skin. Therefore, any mango pruning work should only be done with gloves. The place for the plant pot should be chosen so that it is out of the reach of children and pets.
Mango blossoms in early spring. The inflorescences consist of many small yellowish, pinkish or pale red flowers and are shaped like a raceme or panicle. They are very long, up to 30–40 cm. Each has at least several hundred flowers, often the number reaches a thousand. They emit a pleasant aroma, a bit like the smell of lilies.
Mango blooms very profusely; one inflorescence can contain up to a thousand flowers.
Video: what a mango tree looks like
Description of fruits
It takes 4–6 months for the fruit to ripen. Appearance fruit depends on the variety. There are also small mangoes, slightly larger than a plum, and “record holders” weighing more than 2 kg. The average weight of the fruit is 200–400 g, length varies from 5 to 22 cm. The skin is colored different colors- from greenish and lime to dark scarlet and reddish brown, including all shades of yellow. Combinations of all three colors are often found. The skin is dense, matte, smooth to the touch, covered with a waxy coating. For ripe fruits, when pressed, it moves, but does not penetrate deeply.
The appearance and size of mango fruit depends on the plant variety
The pulp is bright, saffron, very soft, juicy and sweet, the taste is somewhat reminiscent of a mixture of apricot, peach, pineapple and melon, with a spicy aroma in which notes of lemon and roses can be discerned. Each fruit contains one large seed, hard and ribbed to the touch.
Mango pulp is very juicy and incredibly tasty, has a unique aroma
“Natural” mango fruits do not smell very pleasant. The smell evokes associations with mold, rot, even rotten meat. Many people even develop allergies to this “aroma”. This is explained by the fact that in nature, mangoes are most often pollinated the bats. They spread its seeds. But fortunately, absolute majority Modern varieties bred by breeders are devoid of this unpleasant feature.
Beneficial properties of mango
Mango is not only very tasty, but also healthy. The fruits are valued for their high content of essential amino acids, fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, pectin, vitamins B, A, D and E, as well as for their low calorie content. 100 g contains only 66 kcal, so mango can pleasantly diversify any diet.
Even small mango trees grown at home can produce a bountiful harvest.
IN folk medicine, especially in India, mango is used very widely. The fruits are used to improve immunity, to combat migraines and stress, to relieve nervous tension, and also as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent. It is also believed that regularly eating mangoes is effective prevention development of tumors, including malignant ones. Previously, it was recommended to eat them in order to avoid contracting cholera and plague.
Mango leaf infusion has been scientifically proven to have antibacterial properties. It can be used instead of mouth rinses. It is also recommended to drink it for diabetes of any type to avoid retinal detachment and normalize blood pressure.
There are also contraindications. Mango should not be combined with alcohol or abused if you do not want to develop persistent stomach and intestinal upset. Those who are prone to allergic reactions should try the fruits carefully - skin rashes, redness and swelling of the lips are possible. It is recommended to cool the mango before serving. Thanks to this, the specific oiliness of the pulp, which not everyone likes, is softened.
Video: health benefits of mango
Common varieties
In nature there are about. More than a thousand have been bred by breeders. They differ greatly in skin color, size and shape of the fruit. The most common types are:
- Alphonso variety is one of the most common varieties and is considered practically the standard of taste. The pulp is creamy, melts in the mouth, very sweet, with a light saffron aroma. At the same time, the skin is hard, which ensures good transportability. The average weight of one fruit is 200–300 g;
Alphonso mango is one of the most widespread varieties in the world; it is highly valued for its taste.
- the Kesar variety has rather inconspicuous fruits - round, small (about 150 g), with dull skin covered with yellowish spots. But the taste is simply magnificent, sweet, with a subtle sourness. The consistency of the pulp resembles an apricot and is very aromatic;
Kesar mango does not look very presentable, but this does not affect the taste in any way
- Banganapalli has elongated fruits weighing 350–400 g, shaped like potatoes. The skin is quite thin, greenish-yellow. The pulp is not too juicy, but sweet and without fiber;
Mango variety Banganapalli has enough large fruits shaped like potatoes
- Kent is one of the best achievements of US breeders, grown mainly in Florida and Miami. It is valued not only for its good transportability, long shelf life, high yield and disease resistance. The salad-green fruits with a reddish blush have an amazing taste. There are practically no fibers in the pulp. The fruiting period is long, stretches throughout the summer;
Kent mangoes are well stored and transported, have high yields and disease resistance
- The Sindhri variety is distributed mainly in Pakistan and has become the national symbol of this state. The fruits are irregular in shape, slightly crooked. The pulp is very sweet and soft, with a noticeable honey flavor. The skin is thin, so the fruits are stored for a maximum of 2–3 days;
Sindhri mango is one of the national symbols of Pakistan.
- Neelam is one of the most popular varieties in India. It has high productivity. Fruits weighing up to 200 g. Seeds are very small. The pulp is juicy and has a distinct floral aroma;
Neelam variety mango has small fruits weighing up to 200 g
- Gulab Khas has medium sized fruits (180–200 g). The pulp is of an unusual reddish hue with the aroma of roses. The skin is pale yellow. In Southeast Asia, desserts are most often prepared from this mango;
Gulab Khas mangoes are most often used in desserts in their homeland.
- The Kaen Oan variety has elongated, narrow fruits that grow in clusters. The skin is thin, orange-pink. The average weight of a mango is 250 g. The taste is moderately sweet, not cloying, the flesh is quite dense. Unlike most varieties, it ripens in mid or late autumn;
Kaen Oan mangoes grow in clusters and ripen in mid to late autumn.
- Pimsean is a fairly rare variety, even in its homeland. The fruits have an almost regular round shape and appear swollen. The skin is rich green with vague pinkish spots. The pulp is dark orange, very juicy and sweet. The average fruit weight is 400–450 g;
Pimsean mangoes have sweet, dark orange flesh.
- the Gaew Lek variety has fruits weighing no more than 100 g, but this does not affect the taste in any way. The skin is soft, lime-colored. The pulp is pale yellow. The variety is especially popular in Thailand;
Mango variety Gaew Lek has quite small but very tasty fruits
- Keo Sa Woei. Fruits of the dark Green colour, with a yellow spot at the base. The flesh is bright orange and very soft. The skin is thin, so they are practically not stored; they can even ferment directly on the tree;
In mango variety Keo Sa Woei, even ripe fruits remain green
- Nam Doc Mai is one of the most common mango varieties that successfully takes root and bears fruit not only in the tropics. The fruits are elongated, tapering towards the base, weight varies greatly (150–600 g). Ripe mangoes are very sweet, but unripe ones are also eaten - they also have a pleasant sweet and sour taste. The skin is bright yellow;
Nam Doc Mai mangoes are grown not only in the tropics, but also in regions with less suitable climates for the crop.
- Nang Klang Wan has elongated fruits and greenish-yellow skin. The pulp has obvious fibers and is sour;
Nang Klang Wan mango has a very different taste from most other varieties.
- Chok Anan is one of the favorite varieties in Thailand. The shape of the fruit is similar to a comma or cashew nut. The skin is pale yellow, the flesh is the same color with a noticeable honey flavor. At home it brings a harvest twice a year;
Mango fruits of the Chok Anan variety have a noticeable honey flavor
- Brahm Kai Mia. The average weight of the fruit is 200–250 g. The skin is dark green. The pulp is slightly crispy, yellow, with a pronounced sourness. The taste is very pleasant, refreshing;
Mango fruits of the Brahm Kai Mia variety have crispy flesh with a pronounced sourness
- Kyo Savoy has large fruits (300–500 g) with an almost regular oval shape. The skin is greenish-yellow with pink spots. The pulp is dense, but very juicy and sweet, not fibrous, with a lemon aroma. The fruits tolerate transportation well and can be stored for a long time;
Kyo Savoy mango is valued for its good shelf life and transportability.
- Bayley's Marvel is one of the most frost-resistant varieties, can be grown even in Russia, in regions with a subtropical climate. The tree is distinguished by its growth rate, the crown is symmetrical and rounded. Fruits weighing up to 300 g, bright yellow with a pinkish-orange “blush”. The pulp is not fibrous, very juicy, sweet, slightly tart;
Bayley’s Marvel mango is a variety that successfully takes root and bears fruit even in Russia
- Beverly is one of the new products in the selection, but is already considered almost a standard in taste. The fruits weigh 200–250 g, the skin is greenish with a yellow spot at the base. Its appearance indicates that the mango is fully ripe. The pulp is dark orange. Productivity is high, fruiting lasts for several months;
Beverly mango is one of the latest and very successful achievements of breeders
- Carrie variety. The tree is not tall, with a very dense crown. The skin is yellow and thin. The pulp is very aromatic, completely fiber-free. The average weight of the fetus is 180–200 g;
The Carrie mango variety is distinguished by the unusual density of the tree crown.
- Haden is an old, established variety, bred in Florida at the beginning of the twentieth century. The fruits are large (about 400 g), apricot color with reddish spots. The pulp is bright orange, firm, but juicy, very aromatic. There are few fibers, mainly near the bone;
The Haden mango is one of the oldest varieties still cultivated in industrial scale
- Julie is one of the most popular dwarf varieties. The height of the tree, even under optimal conditions, does not exceed 2–3 m. The fruits weigh 200–250 g, slightly flattened, greenish-yellow with pinkish spots. The pulp is soft like cream and very tasty. Productivity increases if cross-pollination is possible;
Mango Julie - dwarf variety, well suited for growing at home
- Mallika is an Indian variety, very popular among those who grow mangoes on an industrial scale. Fruits of bright yellow color weighing up to 300 g. The pulp is hard, but juicy and aromatic, with a honey flavor, orange. The tree is quite compact, suitable for growing at home;
Mallika mango has very juicy and aromatic pulp with a pronounced honey flavor
- Springfels variety. The tree is not tall, and its growth rate does not differ. The fruits are greenish with yellow and pink spots. The pulp tastes like pineapple. The average weight of a mango is 150–180 g.
Springfels mango has a compact tree and is also slow growing.
How to plant mangoes correctly
In the homeland of mangoes, the temperature remains virtually unchanged throughout the year. The climate is also characterized by high humidity. This must be taken into account when choosing a location for the plant. And also the fact that it requires long daylight hours. In most of Russia, natural light will not be enough, so you will have to use ordinary fluorescent or special phytolamps, extending the daylight hours to 14–16 hours.
Mangoes are placed near a window facing south or southeast. If the tree was purchased from a special nursery or store, there is no need to replant it immediately. It is better to give him 2-3 weeks to adapt to new conditions.
When growing mangoes at home, you need to provide the plant with 14–16 hours of daylight.
The soil
To the quality of the soil it special requirements does not present, but it is desirable that it be light and loose. The only thing required condition- the substrate must be sufficiently acidic. You can purchase special soil for azaleas, gardenias, hydrangeas in the store, or annually add peat to the soil and add a few drops to the water for irrigation. apple cider vinegar or citric acid crystals.
The soil for growing mangoes should be acidic (pH 4.0–5.5), any store-bought substrate is suitable for plants that prefer similar soil
Experienced gardeners mix the soil themselves. The simplest option is peat chips, ordinary garden soil and coarse river sand (1:2:1). The latter can be replaced with any baking powder - perlite, vermiculite, dried sphagnum moss or coconut fiber.
The root system of mangoes is powerful and developed. In nature, its roots go 6–10 m into the soil. Therefore, you will need a fairly large pot or even a tub. It is advisable that the container be ceramic or wooden - natural materials allow air to pass through. It is good if the pot has a thick bottom, otherwise the mango roots may simply break through it.
The mango tree has a powerful root system, therefore the pot for the plant must be massive and stable, have a thick bottom
The process of planting and replanting a plant
Best time for planting and replanting mangoes - late spring or early summer. There is no need to carry out the procedure too often: for an adult plant, once every 3–4 years is enough. When it is no longer physically possible to replant a tree due to its size, they limit themselves to removing the top 5–7 cm of soil and replacing it with fresh substrate.
There is nothing complicated about the transplant itself:
- The mango is removed from the container along with a lump of earth. This will be easier to do if you water it thoroughly about half an hour beforehand.
- The new pot is filled with soil about a third, not forgetting the drainage layer at the bottom.
- The tree is transferred to another container and covered with soil. Its base should be flush with the soil surface or slightly lower. There is no need to compact the soil too much; mango prefers a loose substrate.
- Then the plant is watered moderately and transferred to partial shade for 3–5 days or otherwise protected from direct sunlight.
The mango tree is replanted as it grows; adult plants are only replaced upper layer soil
If mangoes are provided optimal conditions, the plant does not need particularly careful care. The most important thing for him is that there is enough light. When it is deficient, the tree weakens, its immunity decreases, and it becomes more susceptible to attacks by pathogens and pests.
Watering
Mango is a moisture-loving plant, but if you over-water it, the roots can rot. Therefore, the soil must be constantly maintained slightly wet. Young trees under five years of age are especially sensitive to drying out. Their leaves immediately droop and begin to fall.
If the leaves of a young mango tree begin to dry out and fall off, the number of waterings should be increased.
Immediately after flowering, if fruits have set, watering is reduced to the minimum required. In the previous mode, it resumes only after the harvest. Usually once every 3-5 days is enough, but it depends on how warm it is outside. In extreme heat, daily watering may be required.
Water is used only room temperature and left for at least a day. Mangoes are sprayed with it daily or at least once every 2-3 days. The plant prefers high (70% or more) air humidity, as in its native tropics. Special humidifier devices, wet moss, expanded clay, coconut fiber placed in the tray of the pot, as well as containers with cool water placed around the room or the company of other plants will help to provide it.
Top dressing
Mangoes definitely need fertilizers, but you shouldn’t be overzealous with them. Their excess in the soil provokes salinization, which, in turn, inhibits the development of the tree.
You can use both mineral and organic fertilizers. In the spring, before flowering, it is advisable to water the tree once every 12–15 days with a solution of complex fertilizer for citrus or palm trees or vermicompost. They contain enough nitrogen, which stimulates plants to actively form green mass.
After flowering it is better to use with the same frequency organic fertilizers. An infusion of manure, bird droppings, nettle or dandelion leaves works well. Prepare it for 3–5 days in a container with a tightly closed lid; before use, dilute it with water in a ratio of 1:10 or 1:15 (if it is droppings). In mid-autumn, feeding is stopped.
The mango tree can be fed with any fertilizer for citrus fruits.
In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, mango also needs other microelements. Therefore, 2–3 times per season its leaves are sprayed with a solution boric acid, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate (1–2 g per liter of water).
Tree pruning
Mango trees vary in size in nature. Therefore, pruning for it is an absolutely necessary procedure, otherwise it simply will not fit into the majority of modern apartments. As a rule, its height is limited to 1.5–2 m, but experienced gardeners even manage to form bonsai from mangoes.
Mangoes at home need to be trimmed; experienced gardeners even form bonsai from the tree
The crown of a mango, as a rule, is not too thick; it takes on a beautiful symmetrical shape with almost no effort on the part of the grower. You just need to remember that the fruits ripen at the ends of the branches, and cut off thin, deformed shoots that are growing downward or clearly stick out beyond the contours of the chosen configuration. They are cut off almost to the growth point, leaving “stumps” of 2–3 cm. At the same time, this will help thin out the crown if it is too thick near the trunk. Mango tolerates pruning well and recovers quickly after it. The best time for the procedure is autumn, 2–3 weeks after harvest (if there was one).
Methods of culture propagation
There is nothing difficult about growing a new mango. As a rule, seeds are used for this. Most likely, such plants will not bear fruit, especially if they are varietal mangoes bred through selective breeding, but then it will be possible to graft a cutting or bud from a fruit-bearing tree onto them.
Seeds for growing mangoes are best taken from large, slightly overripe fruits.
Growing mangoes from seeds
The harvest from mangoes grown from seeds will have to wait quite a long time. As practice shows, even if the fruits on such trees ripen, they are small and not very tasty.
It is best to take seeds from large ripe (preferably even slightly overripe) fruits. It is advisable that the fruit be picked from a tree and not bought in a store. The seeds are thoroughly cleaned of pulp and inspected for cracks and other damage. If none are found, the seed must be planted within 2–3 days until the seed dries out.
When this is not possible, they must be placed in a container filled with wet peat, sand or sawdust. In this form they remain viable for up to two months. The best time to plant seeds is early summer.
- The seeds are soaked for several hours in a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate or any fungicide of biological origin for disinfection. Then, using a sharp knife, open the outer shell and remove the core. If the fruit was ripe enough, this will be quite easy to do. During the process you need to be as careful as possible so as not to damage the seed. The embryos should be white and smooth. Only in this case can we hope that they will germinate.
Open the mango seed with a sharp knife, being very careful not to damage the seed.
- Seeds are placed in moist sphagnum moss or coconut fiber for germination. You can also use water at room temperature, but you will have to change it 2-3 times a day. The process usually takes 15–25 days. Some gardeners do not recommend removing the outer shell from the seed. But practice shows that this does not particularly affect germination.
Sprout the mango seed in water at room temperature or in a suitable moist substrate
- Sprouted seeds are planted in small-diameter but deep pots filled with a mixture of fertile turf, humus and sand (2:2:1). A drainage layer is required at the bottom. The seeds must be completely covered with soil. Optimal temperature for them - 22–25ºС. It also requires at least 12–14 hours of daylight. To create a greenhouse effect, the containers are covered with glass or polyethylene, removing it daily for 5–10 minutes for ventilation.
As soon as the mango seeds sprout, the greenhouse shelter is removed
- Shoots appear in 6–8 weeks. In the first six months, seedlings develop slowly, but then they begin to grow very actively. Further care followed by regular watering (the soil should always be slightly moist) and the application of fertilizers, mainly nitrogen-containing ones.
In the first six months, mango seedlings high speed do not show growth, but then begin to actively develop
- Once every 2-3 weeks, mangoes are watered with a 2-3% solution of urea, ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate. They need to be alternated with potassium humate, vermicompost, Epin. Growing trees are replanted annually using soil of the same composition.
Video: mango from seed
Mango grafting
Vaccination is a method of reproduction that is guaranteed to preserve everything varietal characteristics fruits characteristic of the donor plant. Grafted mangoes begin to bear fruit after 2–3 years. Until this time, it is better to remove the flowers on them so that the tree can form a developed crown.
Grafting is carried out in the second year of life, when the trunks of mango seedlings grown from seeds reach approximately the diameter of a pencil. The best time for the procedure is mid or late summer.
Grafting with cuttings
You can graft both a cutting (the tip of a shoot 10–15 cm long) and a separate growth bud (the so-called budding). In the first case, the top of the rootstock and the base of the cutting are cut at an angle, the cuts are combined and the entire structure is fixed with adhesive tape, electrical tape or a special grafting tape. You can also insert a rootstock cutting into a split in the scion.
Cuttings from fruit-bearing mango trees are grafted onto seedlings grown from seeds
Budding
For budding, you will need a growth bud, cut from a fruiting tree along with a “shield” of surrounding tissues about 2 mm thick and 1–2 cm in diameter. Cut it with a disinfected scalpel or razor blade, trying to touch it as little as possible in the process. Then the resulting “shield” is inserted into an X- or T-shaped cut on the bark of the rootstock seedling, wrapping the grafting site with polyethylene so that the bud itself remains outside.
For budding, take a growth bud from a fruiting tree, cut together with a shield of surrounding tissue about 2 mm thick.
The grafted seedling is covered plastic bag, making several holes in it for ventilation, and transferring it to the brightest and warmest place in the apartment. Leaves and shoots below the grafting site are removed only when it becomes clear that the procedure was successful.
Diseases, pests and their control
Mango, like others fruit plants, may be susceptible to diseases and pest attacks.
Mango diseases
Any specific diseases brought from historical homeland, mango does not, but the plant can be affected by a number of fungal diseases.
Most often, the fungus attacks plants with weakened immune systems, penetrating into tissues through the slightest mechanical damage. Rapidly growing spots appear on the leaves brick color with a yellowish border, on the trunk and shoots there are depressed brownish ulcers with a purple rim, gradually changing color to brown. At low humidity, their surface cracks, at high humidity it turns black and rots.
To combat anthracnose, as well as other fungal diseases, use copper-containing preparations - fungicides
For prevention, Fitosporin-M, Trichodermin, and Gamair are added to irrigation water once a month. The soil is dusted with crushed chalk or activated carbon. Having discovered characteristic symptoms, use any fungicides - Cuprozan, Oxychom, Previkur, Skor, Acrobat-MC and so on. 2-3 treatments with an interval of 15-18 days should be enough.
The edges of the leaves darken and the surface wrinkles. They turn black, but do not fall off. Dark brown rings are visible on the cut shoots.
Plant leaves affected by bacteriosis darken and wrinkle
For prevention, before planting, seeds are pickled for 10–15 minutes in a solution of Planriz, Fitolavin, Agata-25K. Having discovered a disease, you need to immediately cut off all even minimally affected leaves and shoots, capturing 5–7 cm of healthy-looking tissue. Sections are disinfected with a 2% solution copper sulfate. Irrigation water is replaced for a month with a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate. Alirin-B and Trichodermin granules are added to the soil.
The leaves are covered with a layer of grayish-white coating, similar to spilled flour. Gradually it darkens and thickens, and drops of cloudy liquid begin to ooze from the affected tissues. The shoots become deformed and thicken. As a rule, the infection spreads from the very lower leaves. The fruits may also suffer - they crack and rot.
Powdery mildew seems like a harmless coating that can be easily wiped off, but in fact it is a dangerous disease that can affect not only leaves, but also fruits
For prevention, mangoes are sprayed with a solution of any fungicide of biological origin (Planriz, Fitosporin-M, Alirin-B) once every 2-3 weeks. Can also be used folk remedies- an infusion of wood ash, a solution of soda ash, kefir diluted with water or whey with the addition of iodine (10 drops per 10 l). To combat powdery mildew, the drugs Bayleton, Tiovit-Jet, Topaz, Topsin-M are used.
Mango pests
In addition to fungal diseases, pests that feed on plant juices pose a danger to mangoes.
The tips of the shoots, young leaves, and inflorescences are intertwined with thin translucent threads reminiscent of a cobweb. Multiple small beige dots appear on them, and gradually the affected tissues become discolored and dry.
Spider mites are not insects, so they are used to combat them. special drugs- acaricides
Since the spread of pests is facilitated by heat and high humidity, if the mites have not yet had time to breed, you can get rid of them by spraying the tree and the surrounding air daily clean water. Folk remedies (infusion of onion and garlic pulp, decoction of cyclamen tubers) can only be used for prevention.
To combat the pest, special preparations are used - acaricides (Apollo, Neoron, Omite, Vertimek). It will take 3-4 treatments, and the product needs to be changed each time. The pest quickly develops immunity. The intervals between procedures (5–12 days) depend on the weather outside. The hotter it is, the more often you need to spray the mango.
Small brownish or beige oval-shaped growths appear on the underside of the leaves and on the shoots. Gradually they swell, the surrounding tissues acquire a reddish-yellow hue. In especially severe cases, the soil in the pot turns black.
It is useless to fight scale insects with folk remedies - the pest is reliably protected by a durable shell
Visible scale insects are removed manually, having previously lubricated their shells with kerosene, turpentine, machine oil. Then the tree is given a shower and treated with Actellik, Fosbecid, Fufanon. Folk remedies against scale insects are ineffective - the pest is reliably protected by a durable shell. For prevention, mango leaves are wiped once a week. soft cloth, soaked in vodka, sprinkle with infusion of onion, garlic, hot red pepper.
Aphid
Small yellow-green or black-brown insects cling to the tops of shoots, young leaves, and buds. At the same time, the appearance of a transparent sticky coating is noted. The aphids feed on the sap of the plant, the affected tissues turn yellow, the leaves dry out and fall off.
Aphids are one of the most omnivorous pests of indoor plants; despite the poisonous juice, they will not disdain mango leaves either.
Effective prevention of aphids - infusions of any herbs with pungent odor. As raw materials you can use wormwood, tansy, tomato and potato tops, calendula, lavender, as well as onions, garlic, lemon peel, tobacco and so on. They will also help get rid of aphids if they have not yet multiplied en masse. In this case, the frequency of treatments will have to be increased from once a week to 3-4 times a day. If there is no effect, use any general insecticides - Inta-Vir, Mospilan, Tanrek, Iskra-Bio, Confidor-Maxi and so on.
Thrips
The front side of the sheet is covered with thin silvery strokes, the reverse side is covered with vague yellowish spots. You can also see small black “sticks” - these are the pests themselves.
To combat thrips, drugs such as Bankol, Aktaru, Tanrek, Fitoverm are used
For prevention, folk remedies are used - infusion of chamomile, calendula, and tobacco leaves. To get rid of thrips, use Bankol, Aktaru, Tanrek, Fitoverm.
Orange and lemon trees on the windowsill will not surprise anyone for a long time. Therefore, amateur flower growers are successfully “domesticating” more and more new exotic crops. Among them is mango, the cultivation of which is not particularly difficult. If you first study all the requirements that it places on the environment, you can even get a harvest.
Mango is not only very tasty and healthy fruit, but also beautiful decorative tree. It grows very quickly. Requires minimal attention. The main thing is to plant correctly and organize optimal conditions for good growth and development. And we will only need a seed from a ripe fruit. Plus patience and the desire to grow something. We'll tell you how to plant mangoes from seeds at home.
Preparing the pit
To plant a pineapple at home, you need its leafy top. We buy mangoes without leaves and twigs. Therefore, we will use bones.
A seed made from ripe fruit. We go to the store and choose the desired fruit.
We evaluate mangoes visually. The peel should be bright shade(the color itself is not important, since they are presented on the shelves various varieties), tight, smooth, without visible defects. Wrinkles do not indicate immaturity. You can eat this fruit. And the chances of growing a tree from its seed are approaching zero.
Flabbiness of the skin indicates that the fruit is stale. Even eating it is dangerous.
We evaluate mangoes by smell. Ripe fruits have a resinous aroma, brighter at the tail. An odorless fruit will be devoid of taste. He is not yet ready. A sourish smell with an alcoholic tint indicates the fermentation process inside the fruit. Overripe. And how long.
We evaluate the elasticity of the fetus. Ripe – not very hard and not very soft. If the skin is wet and slimy, don't buy it.
We bought a delicious mango and ate it. We prepare the seed for planting. You need to thoroughly clean off all the pulp. Otherwise it will start to rot. If the bone is already split (very ripe fruits occurs), the pulp must be peeled off carefully. To avoid damaging the budding sprout.
Pot, drainage and soil
Mango grows rapidly and has a fairly strong root. Therefore, for planting, we take a pot with a strong, thick bottom and drainage holes. When growing, the root of the tree must encounter a reliable barrier. Then he will not be able to develop excessively. The plant will release all its juices into the trunk and leaves.
Mango loves moist soils. After all, his homeland is the tropics. To prevent waterlogging and rotting, place a good layer of drainage when planting.
Young plants need light soil. Ideal option there will be a mixture of leaf and turf soil plus river or lake sand. You can use commercial soil for cacti, adding sand to it.
Everything is prepared. Now to the point. How to plant mango from seed?
How to grow mango from seed?
First way.
After scraping the pulp from the seed, press it into the ground with the sharp end. A quarter of the bone should remain on the surface. Pour water at room temperature and arrange plastic bottle greenhouse
With this method, mangoes take a very long time to germinate, since the seed has a hard shell. You will have to wait about a month for the sprout to appear.
Second way.
Open the sharp tip of the mango bone with a knife. Do not forcefully open it. Place in hot water and leave for a day. Then twist the bone into polyethylene with a small amount water, pack it in a foam container (the kind they sell meat products in stores) and send it to a warm radiator.
When the kernel splits into two halves, the sprout and root will be clearly visible, untie the polyethylene. Add water periodically to maintain moisture. But a little. As soon as the sprout turns green, plant it in light soil.
Third way.
Scrape the pulp from the pit and split it. Do not remove the shell. Keep it in warm water for 24 hours. Plant in the ground.
Place the pot in a warm place and constantly maintain humidity.
Fourth way.
Chop the fresh mango seed and remove the kernel. Wrap it in a damp paper towel. Bury in the ground. But not very deep. Water periodically.
Fifth way.
Similar to the fourth one. You need to remove the kernel from the seed and wrap it in a damp cloth. Place on a plate and place in a warm place. Moisten the fabric with warm water all the time.
In a week or two a sprout will appear. We plant it in the ground so that the sprout “looks” up. They put the kernel and sprinkled it with soil about two centimeters. Don't forget about watering. In about a month, the kernel will germinate.
Sixth method.
Remove the pulp from the pit. Crack the shell with a knife. “Push” the bone into a container with expanded clay. Pour water so that half the bone is covered with liquid. Place the container in a transparent bag and tie it.
Every day you need to refresh the water and “ventilate” the greenhouse. When the shell swells and the sprout hatches, we take out the seed and replant it in the ground.
Pinch the young plant periodically. Then it will send out side stems. Don't forget to spray, keep the soil moist and the surrounding air warm. The result will please you.
I just recently returned from hot Thailand and, of course, brought with me exotic mango.
Mang o is often called the king of fruits because of its sweet and juicy taste, as well as its enormous benefits for human health.
You can see mangoes of several colors on sale: yellow (many believe that they are the ripest), green and red-green (most often found on sale in large stores/shopping centers (for example, in Auchan)).
The average size of a mango is about 15-20 cm and weight ~ 300-350 grams.
Mango It was eaten instantly, and of course, an impressive size (about 10 cm) bone remained.
Once I already had the practice of growing mangoes at home, but the experience was sad, the seed rotted.
To avoid my mistakes, in this review I will tell you in detail how to successfully germinate a mango seed and grow healthy plant.
➤➤ What to do with a mango seed?
The first time I wanted to germinate a seed, out of ignorance, I immediately planted it in the ground. This was my mistake; the seed did not germinate for a very long time and subsequently rotted.
This time it was decided to put the bone in water and postpone contact with the ground for an unknown period.
Unfortunately, there was no photo, so I will schematically depict in what proportion the water should be poured.
The bone should partially stick out of the water.
The total period that the bone was in the water was about 2 months.
After 1.5 months, the shell near the knuckle cracked and either growths or roots began to be visible.
You need to pull out the inner “nut” with roots and sprouts and put it in water for a while until the direction of growth is determined and a sprout appears.
The seed must be carefully washed in water throughout the entire period until it has sprouted. running water and regularly change the water in which it sits.
➤➤ What to do with a sprouted mango seed?
So, a sprout appeared. which means it’s time to put him in a permanent home.
A good drainage layer is necessary as mangoes love moisture. But be careful, there shouldn’t be a swamp.
For planting we use the most common garden soil.
We bury the bone into the ground, do not crush it, as the bone may develop several more growths.
The young growth grows very quickly, the plant reached a height of 10 cm in 1 week!!!
The first young leaves are brownish in color and very shiny. As they mature, the leaves turn bright green, much like an avocado.
sad24vipM
Mango is an amazing fruit rich in vitamins and has excellent taste. The plant grows in tropical countries, so in Russia the fruits of the mango tree have a fairly high price. Despite this, almost everyone has tried mango and knows that there is a seed inside this fruit. It is not difficult to germinate a mango seed at home, following some recommendations.
The bone takes root well in flower pot, if it is from a well-ripened fetus. First of all, you need to pay attention to the fruit itself. It should have a reddish or yellow skin. The pulp should be soft and juicy, and the stone should be easy to separate.
Preparing the pit
It must be remembered that the seed must be germinated immediately from the fresh fruit. Dried seeds will not germinate.
At the first stage, the bone must be thoroughly cleaned and rinsed under running water. This procedure will help avoid rotting of the grain and its death.
It is better to open the shell to reduce germination time. To do this, you need to lightly cut the top layer with a knife. If the fruit is ripe, the shell will easily open completely, and inside you can find a seed already beginning to germinate. If opening the top layer is difficult, you should not continue trying to extract the seed - it will germinate in any case, it will just take more time.
Germination
Before planting, the kernel should be germinated. There are several ways to do this.
- The first option is to put the bone in a glass of clean water at room temperature. The water needs to be changed every two days.
- The second method is germination in damp gauze. The seed is wrapped in a cloth generously moistened with clean water. It is necessary to ensure that the gauze always remains damp.
After two weeks you can see the sprout. This means the mango is ready to be planted.
Planting mango
After the seed has been prepared and a sprout has appeared, the mango is planted in the soil. But first you need to prepare and purchase everything you need. Required:
- The container in which the plant will be planted. The container should have a hard bottom and be deep enough, since mango roots reach large sizes;
- Drainage, which will be placed at the bottom of the pot;
- The soil. A universal substrate is better.
The drainage is filled, the soil is in the container - you can start planting. You need to make a hole in the ground for the seed. The seed, planted root down, and the emerging sprout are covered with earth. On top you can organize a greenhouse from glass jar or a cut plastic bottle.
At first, the mango takes a long time to grow, and a sprout may appear only after a month. After the sprout appears, the plant will begin to quickly stretch.
Plant care
Proper care helps rapid growth plants. It is better to place the mango pot on a windowsill where there is a lot of natural light. Periodically you need to walk the plant while removing the greenhouse. When the first leaves appear on the tree, the greenhouse can be removed completely. But the temperature in the room where the mango is located must be stable - without sudden changes and not lower than 23 degrees.
Since the plant is tropical, and in the tropics the air is characterized by its humidity, this fact should be taken into account when caring. The leaves should be sprayed regularly with clean water.
If all conditions are met, the tree will grow very quickly. In nature it reaches 20 meters. At home this is neither possible nor necessary. The branches need to be trimmed to form a crown. It is recommended to pinch the top after the eighth leaf has formed. If the crown is well formed after the first pruning, then later the branches are only pinched.
The plant does not tolerate crowded conditions. If the container becomes too small, you need to transplant the mango into a pot. bigger size.
Mango transplant
Since the tree grows very quickly, it needs to be replanted often - once a year, until it reaches 4-5 years of age. You should not do this immediately after the sprouts appear, even if the container is very small. The plant is sensitive, and careless actions can destroy a fragile sprout. It is better to transplant the mango into a larger pot after a year.
At 6-7 years of life, the plant can bloom. After three months it will bear fruit. But mangoes grown from the seeds of store-bought fruits rarely bear fruit. To achieve sweet, juicy fruits, you can graft a bud from a fruiting mango purchased from a nursery onto the tree.
Winter imposes certain restrictions on a person, which also apply to the range of products available to us. First of all, we are deprived of the opportunity to provide for our body required quantity vitamins, since most fruits do not grow in winter.
Many people solve this problem by including citrus fruits in their diet. However, in order not to experience vitamin deficiency, it is not necessary to go to the store for mangoes. After all, his can be grown at home. Mango is one of the favorite foods of most people in our country. However, its cultivation in our climate is problematic, since this fruit feels good only in the tropics.
How to grow mangoes from seeds at home?
Many people give up on the idea of growing mangoes at home because they don’t know how to approach this matter. However, if you take into account the following simple tips, then you will probably be able to grow delicious mangoes in your apartment. The cultivation of this begins tropical plant from landing. To do this, we need a seed, which can be obtained from an overripe mango. It is best to use ripe fruit, since a seed removed from an unripe one may not sprout.
To increase the likelihood that the seed will germinate, it is recommended to plant it immediately after removing it from the fruit. If this option is not available to you, then you can suggest the following scheme. She will need container filled with slightly damp sawdust, in which you need to put a bone. You can also use a bag of water instead of sawdust.
However, you should not keep the bone in the bag for longer than necessary. Otherwise, you will achieve the opposite effect, and then a young mango seedling will not appear from it.
Today, there are several ways to grow mangoes at home. However, in any case The first step is planting. To get started, you need to acquire the necessary materials.
- in addition to the above bone, you must have suitable composition soil mixture and knife. Special attention you need to pay attention to the quality of the soil, since the success of growing mangoes largely depends on it. It is best if you plant the seed in a soil substrate purchased in a specialized flower department;
- You will also have to prepare a container of suitable size in which you will plant the seed. It is best to use a regular glass for these purposes. However, before filling the container with substrate, you will have to make a drainage hole in it if it does not have one;
- you also need to find a lid for the glass. To save yourself the hassle of searching, you can adapt a yogurt glass for these purposes.
How to plant mangoes correctly?
When everything necessary for planting is ready, you can begin. First of all you will need remove the pit from the fruit.
After you have found everything necessary materials for planting, you can begin. Take a seed and start shell it. The easiest way to do this is with a knife. However, you need to be very careful here, since there is a high risk of injury to yourself.
Preparing for sowing
The seed must be separated from the shell, since without it the seed will have an increased chance of successful germination. Peeling the seed is not so easy as it will take time. To grow mangoes at home, you will need a glass with a lid, which will help create conditions that are as close to natural as possible. For mangoes, you definitely need to create high humidity.
After removing the seed from the shell, it must be treated with a pest control agent. Do not underestimate the importance of this operation, since without treatment there is a high probability that pests will not allow the seed to sprout.
- Before sowing the seed, you need to determine where the root is and mark this place so that it is located in the recess with its lower part. It should also be borne in mind that when planting, the mango seed is not completely buried;
- It is recommended to plant it in such a way that 1/4 of the seed remains on the surface;
- After planting the seed in the ground, you need to lightly spray it with water, and then close the container with a lid. This way you can maintain greenhouse conditions in the glass, similar to the greenhouse effect;
- the seed should remain covered until it germinates.
Conditions for favorable growth
Mango requires a lot of attention not only during the care process, but also at the planting stage. Otherwise there is a risk of not waiting for its germination. You also need to be careful after the sprout appears from the seed. Mango is a fastidious crop, so even at this stage of development it needs careful care.
The mango itself valued not only for its tasty pulp, but is also of interest due to the decorative nature of its flowers. It is no less pleasant to watch how the mango grows. Therefore, when providing necessary conditions to grow, you will have a beautiful decoration in your apartment.
Mango care at home
To wait for the first mango flowers to appear, you will have to be patient as it will happen no earlier than 6 years. You should know that a mango tree grown from a seed does not always begin to bear fruit. However, you can be sure that you will be able to enjoy it beautiful flowers. They will definitely make you happy, because when the time comes, the plant will have red or yellow flowers. For this reason, many gardeners grow mango trees for decorative purposes. However, immediately prepare yourself for the fact that growing in room conditions mango will require a lot of time and effort from you. This tree is very sensitive to growing conditions, so you will have to pay enough attention to it every day.
IN financially Caring for a mango tree is not burdensome; it will cause you trouble only because it will require a lot of time to carry out basic activities. If you wish, you can grow a whole greenhouse of mango trees. At a certain stage of development, leaves may change your usual color to reddish. However, there is no need to worry about this. This happens with all trees. You will have to wait a while, and they will return to their usual shade.
Safety
If you decide to grow a mango tree at home, you can be sure that it will cause allergies for one of your family members. Experience shows that in very rare cases this plant becomes the culprit for a deterioration in a person’s well-being.
People who have small children especially need to be careful when growing mangoes at home. Out of curiosity, they may try plant leaves, but this may be unsafe for health. Otherwise the mango is excellent indoor plant, which can add novelty to your interior and create a healthier atmosphere in your home. When choosing a place to grow mangoes, it is not recommended to place it in a corner. There it will grow very poorly and will eventually dry out.
Conclusion
Mango is one of the most famous in our country exotic fruits, which everyone has probably tried. But at the same time, to enjoy the pulp of this fruit once again, you don’t have to go to the store. Any owner can taste mango grown with his own hands. Naturally here has its own characteristics, since mango is a tropical fruit, and therefore those who decide to plant it in an apartment will have to take very careful care of the plant. Moreover, care must be taken already at the stage of sowing the seed. After all, it depends on whether the seedling can germinate and how strong and healthy the tree will turn out to be.
