How to convert gigacalories to cubic meters of water. Convert gcal to m3 calculator online. How to convert cubic meters to gcal. General principles for performing Gcal calculations

When calculating monthly payments for heating and hot water, confusion often arises. For example, if an apartment building has a communal heat meter, then payments to the heat energy contractor are made for the gigacalories (Gcal) consumed. At the same time, the tariff for hot water for residents is traditionally set in rubles per cubic meter (m3). In order to understand payments, it is beneficial to be able to convert Gcal to cubic meters.

Instructions

1. It must be noted that thermal energy, which is measured in gigacalories, and the volume of water, which is measured in cubic meters, are ideally different physical quantities. This comes from a high school physics course. Consequently, in fact, we are not talking about converting gigacalories into cubic meters, but about finding a correspondence between the amount of heat spent on heating water and the volume of hot water obtained.

2. By definition, a calorie is the number of heat required to heat one cubic centimeter of water by 1 degree Celsius. A gigacalorie, used to measure thermal energy in thermal power and utilities, is a billion calories. There are 100 centimeters in 1 meter, therefore, in one cubic meter there are 100 x 100 x 100 = 1,000,000 centimeters. Thus, in order to heat a cube of water by 1 degree, you will need a million calories or 0.001 Gcal.

3. The temperature of hot water coming from the tap must be at least 55°C. If the cold water entering the boiler room has a temperature of 5°C, then it will need to be heated by 50°C. It will take 0.05 Gcal to heat 1 cubic meter. However, when water moves through pipes, heat losses inevitably appear, and the amount of energy spent on providing hot water supply will in reality be approximately 20% higher. The average standard for thermal energy consumption to purchase a cube of hot water is taken to be 0.059 Gcal.

4. Let's look at an easy example. Let’s say that during the inter-heating period, when all the heat is used only to provide hot water supply, the consumption of thermal energy according to the readings of the general building meter was 20 Gcal per month, and residents whose apartments have water meters used 30 cubic meters of hot water. They provide 30 x 0.059 = 1.77 Gcal. Heat consumption for all other residents (let there be 100 of them): 20 – 1.77 = 18.23 Gcal. For one person, 18.23/100 = 0.18 Gcal is added. Converting Gcal to m3, we get the consumption of hot water 0.18/0.059 = 3.05 cubic meters per person.

Everyone, at least indirectly, is familiar with the concept of “calorie”. What is it and what is it for? What exactly does it mean? Such questions arise, especially if you need to increase it to kilocalories, megacalories or gigacalories, or convert it to other quantities, for example Gcal to kW.

What is a calorie?

The calorie is not part of the international metric measurement system, but the concept is widely used to denote the amount of energy released. It indicates how much energy must be expended to heat 1 g of water so that this volume increases the temperature by 1 °C under standard conditions.

There are 3 generally accepted designations, each of which is used depending on the area:

The international value of a calorie, which is equal to 4.1868 J (Joule), and is designated as “cal” in the Russian Federation and cal in the world;
In thermochemistry - a relative value approximately equal to 4.1840 J with the Russian designation cal th and the worldwide designation cal th;
A 15-degree calorie value equal to approximately 4.1855 J, which in Russia is known as “cal 15”, and in the world - cal 15.

Initially, the calorie was used to find the amount of heat released during the generation of fuel energy. Subsequently, this value began to be used to calculate the amount of energy expended by an athlete when performing any physical activity, since the same physical laws apply to these actions.

Since fuel is needed to generate heat, then, by analogy with heat energy in simple life, to produce energy the body also needs “refueling” - food that people take regularly.

A person receives a certain amount of calories, depending on what product he consumes.

The more calories a person receives from food, the more energy he receives for exercise. However, people do not always consume the amount of calories that is necessary to maintain normal vital processes of the body and perform physical activity. As a result, some people lose weight (with a calorie deficit), while others gain weight.

Calorie content is the amount of energy received by a person as a result of the absorption of a particular product.

Based on this theory, many principles of diets and rules of healthy eating are built. The optimal amount of energy and macronutrients that a person needs per day can be calculated in accordance with the formulas of famous nutritionists (Harris-Benedict, Mifflin-St. Geor), using standard parameters:

Age;
Height;
Example of daily activity;
Lifestyle.

These data can be used by changing them to suit you - for painless weight loss it is enough to create a deficit of 15-20% of daily calories, and for healthy weight gain - a similar surplus.

What is a Gigacalorie and how many calories are in it?

The concept of Gigacalories is most often found in documents in the field of thermal power engineering. This value can be found in receipts, notices, payments for heating and hot water.

It means the same thing as a calorie, but in a larger volume, as evidenced by the prefix “Giga”. Gcal determines that the original value has been multiplied by 10 9. In simple terms: 1 Gigacalorie contains 1 billion calories.

Like the calorie, the Gigacalorie does not belong to the metric system of physical quantities.

The table below shows an example comparison of values:

The need to use Gcal is due to the fact that when heating the volume of water needed for heating and household needs of the population, even 1 residential building releases a colossal amount of energy. Writing numbers denoting it in documents in calorie format is too long and inconvenient.

A value such as a gigacalorie can be found in payment documents for heating

You can imagine how much energy is spent during the heating season on an industrial scale: when heating 1 block, district, city, country.

Gcal and Gcal/h: what is the difference

If it is necessary to calculate the consumer's payment for state heat and power services (house heating, hot water), the value Gcal/h is used. It denotes a reference to time - how many Gigacalories are consumed during heating in a given period of time. Sometimes it is also replaced by Gcal/m3 (how much energy is needed to transfer heat to a cubic meter of water).

Q=V*(T1 – T2)/1000, where

V – volume of liquid consumption in cubic meters/tons;
T1 is the temperature of the incoming hot liquid, which is measured in degrees Celsius;
T2 – temperature of the incoming cold liquid, similar to the previous indicator;
1000 is an auxiliary coefficient that simplifies calculations by eliminating numbers in the tenth digit (automatically converts kcal to Gcal).

This formula is often used to construct the operating principle of heat meters in private apartments, houses or enterprises. This measure is necessary when the cost of this utility service sharply increases, especially when calculations are generalized based on the area/volume of the room that is heated.

If a closed type system is installed in the room (hot liquid is poured into it once without additional water), the formula is modified:

Q= ((V1* (T1 – T2)) – (V2* (T2 – T)))/ 1000, where

Q – amount of thermal energy;
V1 – volume of consumed thermal substance (water/gas) in the pipeline through which it enters the system;
V2 is the volume of thermal substance in the pipeline through which it returns;
T1 – temperature in degrees Celsius in the inlet pipeline;
T2 – temperature in degrees Aim in the outlet pipeline;
T – cold water temperature;
1000 – auxiliary coefficient.

This formula is based on the difference between the inlet and outlet values of the coolant in the room.

Depending on the use of a particular energy source, as well as the type of thermal substance (water, gas), alternative calculation formulas are also used:

Q= ((V1* (T1 – T2)) + (V1 – V2)*(T2 – T))/1000
Q= ((V2* (T1 – T2)) + (V1 – V2)*(T1 – T))/1000

In addition, the formula changes if electrical devices are included in the system (for example, heated floors).

How are Gcal calculated for hot water and heating?

Heating is calculated using formulas similar to the formulas for finding the value of Gcal/h.

An approximate formula for calculating payment for warm water in residential premises:

P i gv = V i gv * T x gv + (V v cr * V i gv / ∑ V i gv * T v cr)

Values used:

P i gv – the required value;
V i gv – volume of hot water consumption for a certain time period;
T x gw – established tariff fee for hot water supply;
V v gv – the volume of energy expended by the company that heats it and supplies it to residential/non-residential premises;
∑ V i gw – the sum of warm water consumption in all rooms of the house in which the calculation is made;
T v gv – tariff payment for thermal energy.

This formula does not take into account the atmospheric pressure indicator, since it does not significantly affect the final desired value.

The formula is approximate and is not suitable for independent calculation without prior consultation. Before using it, you need to contact local utility services for clarification and adjustment - perhaps they use other parameters and formulas for calculation.

Calculating the size of the heating fee is very important, since often impressive amounts are not justified

The result of the calculations depends not only on the relative temperature values - it is directly influenced by the tariffs established by the government for the consumption of hot water supply and space heating.

The computational process is greatly simplified if you install a heating meter in an apartment, entrance or residential building.

It is worth considering that even the most accurate meters can allow errors in calculations. It can also be determined by the formula:

E = 100 *((V1 – V2)/(V1 + V2))

The presented formula uses the following indicators:

E – error;
V1 – volume of hot water supply consumed upon receipt;
V2 – consumed hot water at the outlet;
100 is an auxiliary coefficient that converts the result into percentages.

In accordance with the requirements, the average error of the calculation device is about 1%, and the maximum permissible is 2%.

Video: example of calculating heating fees

How to convert Gcal to kW/h and Gcal/h to kW

Different metric values are indicated on different devices in the thermal power industry. Thus, kilowatt and kilowatt per hour are often indicated on heating boilers and heaters. Gcal is more often found on counting devices (meters). The difference in values prevents the correct calculation of the desired value using the formula.

To facilitate the calculation process, you need to learn how to convert one value into another and vice versa. Since the quantities have a constant value, this is not difficult - 1 Gcal/h is equal to 1162.7907 kW.

If the value is presented in megawatts, it can be converted back to Gcal/h by multiplying by a constant value of 0.85984.

Below are auxiliary tables that allow you to quickly convert values from one to another:

Gcal	kW/h
1	1163
2	2326
3	3489
4	4652
5	5815
10	11630
15	85,984
500 000	429,9226
1 000 000	859,8452

Using these tables will greatly simplify the process of calculating the cost of thermal energy. In addition, to simplify actions, you can use one of the online converters offered on the Internet that convert physical quantities one into another.

Independent calculation of energy consumption in Gigacalories will allow the owner of residential/non-residential premises to control the cost of utilities, as well as the operation of utilities. By carrying out simple calculations, it becomes possible to compare the results with similar ones in the received payment receipts and contact the relevant authorities in case of a difference in the indicators.

Activist Fyodor Moiseev wrote this publication on our housing and communal services blog at the request of those house elders to whom he verbally told how to understand hot water bills. We warn you that the opinion of the editors may not coincide with the opinion of the author on the issues that he touches on in his speeches on the blog on the Chelny LTD website.

How to convert Gigacalories to cubic meters

To understand payments for hot water, it is useful to be able to convert Gigacalories to cubic meters. Why? Yes, because payments with the heat energy supplier are made for the Gigacalories consumed, and the payment for residents is in rubles per cubic meter of water.

It is necessary to make a reservation that thermal energy, which is measured in Gigacalories, and the volume of water, which is measured in cubic meters, are completely different physical quantities. This is known from a high school physics course. Therefore, in fact, we are not talking about converting Gigacalories into cubic meters, but about finding a correspondence between the amount of heat spent on heating water and the volume of hot water received.

A calorie is the amount of heat required to heat one cubic centimeter of water by 1 degree Celsius. A gigacalorie is a billion calories. There are 1 million centimeters in one cubic meter. Thus, to heat a cube of water by 1 degree, it will take a million calories or 0.001 Gcal.

The temperature of the hot water flowing from our tap must be at least 55C (this is for a closed system, and 60C for an open one). For example, if the cold water at the entrance to the so-called ITP - individual heating point has a temperature of 5C, then it will need to be heated to 50C. To heat 1 cubic meter it will take 0.05 Gcal i.e. it turns out that this is 0.055. (Let’s keep silent for now about the heat loss that occurs when water moves through pipes and the amount of energy spent on providing hot water supply, since we are assured that all heating occurs in the basement of the house, which means that heat is not lost during transportation through pipes from the thermal power plant). The average standard for thermal energy consumption to obtain a cube of hot water is taken to be 0.059 Gcal. That is, this should be Qmz or the heat content standard, that is, what is written below in our receipts. In simpler terms, this is the amount of heat required to heat 1 cube of cold water to a temperature of 60C. Or if you multiply 0.059 by the cost of 1 Gcal 1439 rubles, it turns out that the price of heating 1 cubic meter of cold water is 85 rubles. To this we must add the tariff for cold chemically purified water (currently it is 26.44 rubles) and multiply by the coefficient. heat energy loss on a non-insulated heated towel rail (1 + K), where K = 0.03. That is, the formula from the Government of the Russian Federation No. 306 as amended by Resolution No. 258 almost turns out and the price for 1 cubic meter of hot water is 115 rubles.

A small note: I started from a cold water temperature of -5C, and NCTS uses 6 +1.33 = 7.33C. For your information, in Moscow the average cold water temperature is 8.90 degrees, in Orel - 9.16, in Tyumen - 8.59, even in Petrozavodsk, where the climate is colder, it is 8.16. That is, everywhere for some reason there is more than here. And further. We often receive a receipt with a heat content value of 0.09 or 0.101. It turns out that they heated our water to 90C-101C?!

There is a direct proportional relationship between the heat content and the temperature of hot water and it is clearly visible from the heat engineering formula Qm3 = s*p*(Tgws - Txws)/1000 (Gcal/m3). Where c is the heat capacity and p is the density of water, which we conventionally equate to 1. Multiply this value of heat content by 1000 and get the approximate value of the temperature of tap water in the apartment. Look at this temperature and ask your management company how this is possible.

But all these calculations are just a classical understanding of how the process occurs. In our case, during the heating period, heating of cold water using a plate heat exchanger in the basement (for some reason we call it a “boiler” and with its help the open heating system turns into a closed one) occurs due to the energy of the coolant from the heating pipe. That is, all thermal energy is calculated at the entrance to the house. Minus the thermal energy from the return pipeline. The same thing happens with an open heating system, when all thermal energy is also calculated by a heat meter at the entrance to the house. That is, the tariff for hot water should be calculated according to formula 1 of Appendix No. 2 from Government Decree No. 354 of the Russian Federation as amended by Resolution No. 344: P = V x T. Where T is the tariff for cold chemically purified water (coolant), and V is the entire volume of consumed resource, that is, the number of cubes of hot water consumed.

By the way, as it has now turned out, with a closed heating system, despite all its environmental friendliness (clean cold water is heated and goes into the domestic hot water system), corrosion increases and the surface of metal pipes is “eaten up” very quickly. Because of this, as one serious specialist told me (I can’t name him, the conversation was private), there is a high-level debate in the republic about lowering the temperature of hot water to 50C. I would like to warn you that an open heating system also has its drawbacks. In this case, we use hot chemically purified water from the heating pipe, but it is actually not harmless to health. Therefore, when washing dishes, it is imperative to rinse them with cold water. And you can smile, but in my opinion, in those houses where there is an open heating system, the number of balding men and people with skin problems is much greater than in houses with boilers.

Sincerely, Fedor Moiseev 8 917 263 39 55

When calculating monthly payments for heating and hot water, confusion often arises. For example, if an apartment building has a communal heat meter, then payments to the heat energy supplier are made for the gigacalories (Gcal) consumed. At the same time, the tariff for hot water for residents is usually set in rubles per cubic meter (m3). To understand payments, it is useful to be able to convert Gcal to cubic meters.

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Instructions

It is necessary to make a reservation that thermal energy, which is measured in gigacalories, and the volume of water, which is measured in cubic meters, are completely different physical quantities. This is known from a high school physics course. Therefore, in fact, we are not talking about converting gigacalories into cubic meters, but about finding a correspondence between the amount of heat spent on heating water and the volume of hot water received. By definition, a calorie is the amount of heat required to heat one cubic centimeter of water by 1 degree Celsius. A gigacalorie, used to measure thermal energy in thermal power engineering and utilities, is a billion calories. There are 100 centimeters in 1 meter, therefore, in one cubic meter there are 100 x 100 x 100 = 1000000 centimeters. Thus, to heat a cube of water by 1 degree, it will take a million calories or 0.001 Gcal. The temperature of hot water flowing from the tap must be at least 55°C. If the cold water entering the boiler room has a temperature of 5°C, then it will need to be heated by 50°C. It will take 0.05 Gcal to heat 1 cubic meter. However, when water moves through pipes, heat loss inevitably occurs, and the amount of energy spent on providing hot water supply will actually be about 20% more. The average standard for thermal energy consumption to obtain a cube of hot water is taken to be 0.059 Gcal. Let's look at a simple example. Suppose that during the inter-heating period, when all the heat is used only to provide hot water supply, the consumption of thermal energy according to the readings of the general building meter was 20 Gcal per month, and the residents in whose apartments water meters were installed consumed 30 cubic meters of hot water. They account for 30 x 0.059 = 1.77 Gcal. Heat consumption for all other residents (let there be 100 of them): 20 – 1.77 = 18.23 Gcal. There are 18.23/100 = 0.18 Gcal per person. Converting Gcal to m3, we obtain hot water consumption 0.18/0.059 = 3.05 cubic meters per person. How simple

Instructions

By definition, a calorie is the amount of heat required to heat one cubic centimeter of water by 1 degree Celsius. A gigacalorie, used to measure thermal energy in thermal power engineering and utilities, is a billion calories. There are 100 centimeters in 1 meter, therefore, in one cubic meter there are 100 x 100 x 100 = 1000000 centimeters. Thus, to heat a cube of water by 1 degree, it will take a million calories or 0.001 Gcal.

The temperature of hot water flowing from the tap must be at least 55°C. If the cold water entering the boiler room has a temperature of 5°C, then it will need to be heated by 50°C. It will take 0.05 Gcal to heat 1 cubic meter. However, when water moves through pipes, heat loss inevitably occurs, and the amount of energy spent on providing hot water supply will actually be about 20% more. The average standard for thermal energy consumption to obtain a cube of hot water is taken to be 0.059 Gcal.

Let's look at a simple example. Suppose that during the inter-heating period, when all the heat is used only to provide hot water supply, the consumption of thermal energy according to the readings of the general building meter was 20 Gcal per month, and the residents in whose apartments water meters were installed consumed 30 cubic meters of hot water. They account for 30 x 0.059 = 1.77 Gcal. Heat consumption for all other residents (let there be 100 of them): 20 – 1.77 = 18.23 Gcal. There are 18.23/100 = 0.18 Gcal per person. Gcal per m3, we get hot water consumption 0.18/0.059 = 3.05 cubic meters per person.

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Most of all, during the frosty winter months, all people look forward to the New Year, and least of all, heating bills. They are especially disliked by residents of apartment buildings, who themselves do not have the ability to control the amount of incoming heat, and often the bills for it turn out to be simply fantastic. In most cases, in such documents the unit of measurement is Gcal, which stands for “gigacalorie”. Let's find out what it is, how to calculate gigacalories and convert to other units.

What is a calorie?

Proponents of a healthy diet or those who closely monitor their weight are familiar with the concept of a calorie. This word means the amount of energy obtained as a result of the body processing the food eaten, which must be used, otherwise the person will begin to gain weight.

Paradoxically, the same value is used to measure the amount of thermal energy used to heat rooms.

As an abbreviation, this value is designated as “cal”, or in English cal.

In the metric system of measurements, the equivalent of a calorie is the joule. So, 1 cal = 4.2 J.

The importance of calories for human life

In addition to developing various weight loss diets, this unit is used to measure energy, work and heat. In this regard, such concepts as “calorie content” are common - that is, the heat of combustible fuel.

In most developed countries, when calculating heating, people no longer pay for the number of cubic meters of gas consumed (if it is gas), but precisely for its calorie content. In other words, the consumer pays for the quality of the fuel used: the higher it is, the less gas will have to be used for heating. This practice reduces the possibility of diluting the substance used with other, cheaper and lower calorie compounds.

What is a gigacalorie and how many calories are in it?

As is clear from the definition, the size of 1 calorie is small. For this reason, it is not used to calculate large quantities, especially in the energy sector. Instead, the concept of gigacalorie is used. This is a value equal to 10 9 calories, and it is written as the abbreviation “Gcal”. It turns out that there are one billion calories in one gigacalorie.

In addition to this value, a slightly smaller one is sometimes used - Kcal (kilocalorie). It holds 1000 cal. Thus, we can consider that one gigacalorie is a million kilocalories.

It's worth keeping in mind that sometimes a kilocalorie is written simply as "feces." Because of this, confusion arises, and some sources indicate that there are 1,000,000 calories in 1 Gcal, although in reality we are talking about 1,000,000 Kcal.

Hecacalorie and gigacalorie

In energy, in most cases the Gcal is used as a unit of measurement, but it is often confused with such a concept as “hecacalorie” (also known as hectocalorie).

In this regard, the abbreviation “Gcal” is interpreted by some people as “hecacalorie” or “hectocalorie”. However, this is wrong. In fact, the above-mentioned units of measurement do not exist, and their use in speech is the result of illiteracy, and nothing more.

Gigacalorie and gigacalorie/hour: what is the difference

In addition to the fictitious value in question, receipts sometimes contain an abbreviation such as “Gcal/hour.” What does it mean and how does it differ from the usual gigacalorie?

This unit of measurement shows how much energy was used in one hour.

While just a gigacalorie is a measurement of heat consumed over an indefinite period of time. It depends only on the consumer what time frame will be indicated in this category.

The abbreviation Gcal/m3 is much less common. It means how many gigacalories need to be used to heat one cubic meter of a substance.

Gigacalorie formula

Having considered the definition of the value being studied, it is worth finally finding out how to calculate how many gigacalories are used to heat a room during the heating season.

For especially lazy people on the Internet, there are a lot of online resources where specially programmed calculators are presented. All you have to do is enter your numerical data - and they themselves will calculate the number of gigacalories consumed.

However, it would be nice to be able to do this yourself. There are several formula options for this. The simplest and most understandable among them is the following:

Thermal energy (Gcal/hour) = (M 1 x (T 1 -T xv)) - (M 2 x (T 2 -T xv)) /1000, where:

M 1 is the mass of the heat transfer substance that is supplied through the pipeline. Measured in tons.
M 2 is the mass of the heat transfer substance returning through the pipeline.
T 1 - coolant temperature in the supply pipeline, measured in Celsius.
T 2 - temperature of the coolant returning back.
Тхв - temperature of the cold source (water). Usually equal to five because this is the minimum temperature of the water in the pipeline.

Why do housing and communal services overestimate the amount of energy spent when paying for heating?

When making your own calculations, it is worth noting that housing and communal services slightly overestimate the standards for thermal energy consumption. The idea that they are trying to earn extra money from this is wrong. After all, the cost of 1 Gcal already includes maintenance, salaries, taxes, and additional profit. This “surcharge” is due to the fact that when hot liquid is transported through a pipeline in the cold season, it tends to cool down, that is, inevitable heat loss occurs.

In numbers it looks like this. According to regulations, the temperature of water in heating pipes must be at least +55 °C. And if we take into account that the minimum temperature of water in power systems is +5 °C, then it must be heated by 50 degrees. It turns out that 0.05 Gcal is used for each cubic meter. However, in order to compensate for heat loss, this coefficient is inflated to 0.059 Gcal.

Convert Gcal to kW/hour

Thermal energy can be measured in various units, but in official documentation from housing and communal services it is calculated in Gcal. Therefore, it is worth knowing how to convert other units to gigacalories.

The easiest way to do this is when the relationships between these quantities are known. For example, it is worth considering watts (W), in which the energy output of most boilers or heaters is measured.

Before considering the conversion to this Gcal value, it is worth remembering that, like a calorie, a watt is small. Therefore, kW (1 kilowatt equals 1000 watts) or mW (1 megawatt equals 1000,000 watts) are more often used.

In addition, it is important to remember that power is measured in W (kW, mW), but to calculate the amount of electricity consumed/produced, it is used. In this regard, it is not the conversion of gigacalories to kilowatts that is considered, but the conversion of Gcal to kW/h.

How to do this? In order not to suffer with formulas, it is worth remembering the “magic” number 1163. This is exactly how many kilowatts of energy must be spent in an hour to get one gigacalorie. In practice, when converting from one unit of measurement to another, you simply need to multiply the number of Gcal by 1163.

For example, let's convert into kW/hour 0.05 Gcal required to heat one cubic meter of water by 50 °C. It turns out: 0.05 x 1163 = 58.15 kW/hour. These calculations will especially help those who are thinking about changing gas heating to more environmentally friendly and economical electric heating.

If we are talking about huge volumes, we can convert it not into kilowatts, but into megawatts. In this case, you need to multiply not by 1163, but by 1.163, since 1 mW = 1000 kW. Or simply divide the result obtained in kilowatts by a thousand.

Conversion to Gcal

Sometimes it is necessary to carry out the reverse process, that is, to calculate how many Gcal are contained in one kW/hour.

When converting to gigacalories, the number of kilowatt-hours must be multiplied by another “magic” number - 0.00086.

The correctness of this can be verified by taking the data from the previous example.

So, it was calculated that 0.05 Gcal = 58.15 kW/hour. Now it’s worth taking this result and multiplying it by 0.00086: 58.15 x 0.00086 = 0.050009. Despite the slight difference, it almost completely coincides with the original data.

As in previous calculations, it is necessary to take into account the fact that when working with particularly large volumes of substances, it will be necessary to convert not kilowatts, but megawatts into gigacalories.

How is this done? In this case, again you need to take into account that 1 mW = 1000 kW. Based on this, the decimal point in the “magic” number is moved by three zeros, and voila, it turns out to be 0.86. It is by this that you need to multiply to make the translation.

By the way, a small discrepancy in the answers is due to the fact that the coefficient 0.86 is a rounded version of the number 0.859845. Of course, for more accurate calculations it is worth using it. However, if we are talking only about the amount of energy used to heat an apartment or house, it is better to simplify.

Let me return to the topic of where debt comes from.

I printed out a report on my house for 2010-2011 from the website.

I saw something strange: for 2010 there were no debts on the house, although I was counted about 80 thousand rubles not according to payment documents, but on behalf of the Yakimanka district DEZ.

This report contains general house readings for cold water only. This means that hot water is heated in our basement through a storage water heater, which I mentioned earlier, but which I did not attach importance to due to my naivety. At the same time, this report does not indicate the tariff for the reporting period, nor does it indicate readings on apartment water meters. And in my opinion, this is a serious violation.

But already in the report for 2011, debt on common property appears. And the deviation is 94.62%. What does all of this mean?.

And the DEZ of the Yakimanka district of Moscow has something to hide. After all, they were fined 295 thousand rubles, of which they paid only 70 thousand. From what source will they cover the remaining 225 thousand rubles of the fine? Of course, from the pockets of the residents, who will be presented with fictitious debts of dubious origin.

I will cite the regulatory and legal acts regulating the relationship between heat supply (heating network) organizations and consumers in the field of heat supply:

- “Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part Two)” dated January 26, 1996 No. 14-FZ;

Housing Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004 N 188-FZ;

Federal Law “On Heat Supply” dated July 27, 2010 No. 190-FZ;

- “Rules for accounting for thermal energy and coolant” (approved by the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation on September 12, 1995 No. Vk-4936) (Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on September 25, 1995 No. 954);

- “Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants” (approved by the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation on March 24, 2003 No. 115);

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 4, 2000 No. 294 “On approval of the Procedure for payments for thermal energy and natural gas” (as amended on October 17, 2009);

- “Rules for establishing and changing (revising) heat loads” (approved by the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation on December 28, 2009 No. 610);

Federal Law “On energy saving and increasing energy efficiency and on introducing amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation” dated November 23, 2009 No. 261-FZ;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 26, 2004 No. 109 “On pricing of electrical and thermal energy in the Russian Federation”;

Tax Code of the Russian Federation;

Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated August 17, 1995. No. 147-FZ “On Natural Monopolies”;

Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated November 21, 1996 No. 129-FZ “On Accounting”;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 26, 2004. No. 109 “On pricing of electrical and thermal energy in the Russian Federation”;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 6, 1998 No. 700 “On the introduction of separate cost accounting for regulated types of activities in the energy sector”;

Order of the Federal Tariff Service dated 06.08.2004. No. 20-e/2 “On approval of guidelines for calculating regulated tariffs and prices for electric (heat) energy in the retail (consumer) market”;

Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 6, 2008 No. 106 “On approval of accounting regulations”;

Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n “On approval of the Chart of Accounts for accounting financial and economic activities of organizations and Instructions for its application”;

Order of the Federal Tariff Service of Russia dated December 26, 2011. N 824-e “On amendments and additions to the Regulations for the consideration of cases on the establishment of tariffs and (or) their maximum levels for electric (thermal) energy (power) and for services provided in the wholesale and retail markets of electric (thermal) energy (power) )".

These are not all of the listed regulations. Deputies are trying to drive the population crazy with their duplicate laws.

I propose to work together to understand these tricky formulas and reports. By joint efforts we can convince our thoughtless government to stop increasing tariffs for housing and communal services, the savings from which, according to the new Rules, will once again go into the pockets of management companies.

In this case, there is a simpler formula for calculating the transfer from Gcal. in cubic meters, which we will analyze using a simple example, which we can insert into the formulas of the new Rules 354.

How to convert gcal to cubic meters.

When calculating monthly payments for heating and hot water, confusion often arises. For example, if an apartment building has a communal heat meter, then payments to the heat energy supplier are made for the gigacalories (Gcal) consumed. At the same time, the tariff for hot water for residents is usually set in rubles per cubic meter (m3). To understand payments, it is useful to be able to convert Gcal to cubic meters.

Instructions

Let's look at a simple example. Suppose that during the inter-heating period, when all the heat is used only to provide hot water supply, the consumption of thermal energy according to the readings of the general building meter was 20 Gcal per month, and the residents in whose apartments water meters were installed consumed 30 cubic meters of hot water. They account for 30 x 0.059 = 1.77 Gcal. Heat consumption for all other residents (let there be 100 of them): 20 – 1.77 = 18.23 Gcal. There are 18.23/100 = 0.18 Gcal per person. Converting Gcal to m3, we obtain hot water consumption 0.18/0.059 = 3.05 cubic meters per person.

But for this calculation, we need to know the readings of communal heat meters, the readings of individual water meters, as well as the number of registered persons who do not have an IPU.

But it is not yet possible to obtain this data, because it is closed from residents under seven seals.

By the way, in the printed reports I did not see the square meters per legal entity in our house. This suggests the conclusion that the report is unreliable and should be subject to prosecutorial verification.

The payment procedure is very well outlined with examples in the regulatory documents of Moscow:

The procedure for residents to pay bills for cold and hot water according to readings from apartment metering devices, available on weekends in the Consultant’s database;

The procedure for organizing metering of cold and hot water consumption using communal and apartment metering devices.

And I have no doubt that the majority do not know about the Decree of the Moscow Government of May 29, 2007 No. 406-PP (as amended on December 28, 2010) “On measures to further stimulate water consumption savings in the housing stock of Moscow. According to this regulatory act, management companies receive bonus funds from the budget. This is how management companies fool us, collecting through the courts debts that they cannot justify economically in any way except by bribing the judge.