Depending on local conditions, the source of water may be:
- local water supply network;
- water from the river near the dacha;
- open reservoir of natural or artificial origin;
- well;
- well.
Let us describe each of these sources in more detail.
Water pipes
An operating stationary water supply is far from uncommon in already established dacha cooperatives and gardening partnerships. Yes, and the new elite ones summer cottages can often receive water from the city or village water supply network. The owners of such dachas can only connect to the laid pipes and enjoy all the benefits of a civilized water supply.
A permanently operating water supply makes it possible to do without storage tanks or additional pumps and thereby save a lot on electricity. Unfortunately, even in our time, in areas remote from large cities, the presence of such a water supply system is an unfulfilled desire. Therefore, you have to independently arrange the summer water supply at your dacha.
Water supply from the river
In places where the river is not poisoned by sewage, industrial and domestic discharges and ecological situation is favorable - river water can be used not only for watering plants, but also for cooking. For dirty water, there are modern filters and installations that can purify it until it is drinkable.
Installation of water supply from a spring or reservoir
Spring water - source vital energy. Such a water supply for a dacha is a real treasure. With a sufficiently large flow of water, the spring can become the source of a small man-made lake. Such water is equivalent to river water and can be used to meet dacha needs.
Well
It’s easiest to make a water supply system at your dacha from a well with your own hands - this is the most common option for water intake in villages. As a rule, it is dug by hand to a relatively shallow depth. The well is fed by the upper groundwater(overwater), therefore its water regime depends on the amount of precipitation.
In arid areas, the depth can reach more than one and a half tens of meters, but today, under such circumstances, it is more economically profitable to drill and equip a water intake well. Water from a well is not always suitable for drinking and then it should also be filtered, boiled, or disinfected by other methods.
In places remote from civilization, in ecologically safe areas, the water in wells is particularly clean and is comparable in quality to spring water. In such places, well water can be safely drunk and used in cooking without further purification.
Well
This is the only possible source of water supply in places with poor environmental conditions and in arid areas. The drilling rig is capable of reaching the deepest aquifer located in the artesian calcareous soil horizon. Often, artesian wells provide such water pressure that there is no need for an additional booster pump.
Types of summer water supply
Modern technologies provide a wide selection of materials and creation methods summer water supply. Water at the dacha can be supplied using permanent (stationary) communications or collapsible (temporary).
Portable (temporary) water supply system made of polyethylene pipes
It’s very easy to make a collapsible water supply system at your dacha with your own hands. It is quite capable of satisfying the needs of its owners. For this option use thick wall pipes PE (polyethylene), connected by collet threaded fitting.
The main advantage of PE pipes is their low cost. The main disadvantage of such a system is the expensive connecting fitting. In addition, the tightness of the connections may be compromised by any movement of the pipes. That's why polyethylene pipes for the summer they are laid in shallow grooves, which can be covered with suitable boards. For installing water supply in a house, a PE pipe is inconvenient and is usually not used there.
Stationary water supply made of polypropylene pipes
Unlike collapsible, non-removable water supply is assembled from PP (polypropylene) pipes, which are tightly soldered into a single system using a special soldering tool. Polypropylene plastic pipes for water supply in the country are somewhat more expensive than polyethylene ones, but the cost of this fitting is a very small fraction of the total cost of creating a pipeline. Since PP water supply is stationary system- to protect against frost, it is dug into the ground below the freezing level (at least 30 cm deep for those operated in winter time water pipeline in the Moscow region). If necessary, they are additionally insulated with polystyrene foam, cotton wool, polyprene, or any other suitable insulation material.
Important! If the water supply is not intended to be used in winter, the insulation will not protect the water in the pipes from freezing. The only protection in this case is to lay the pipes deep enough (see table).
Hose surface water supply for irrigation
When the owners come to the dacha quite rarely, and the summer water supply is used mainly for watering plants, its role can be played by a thick garden hose connected to any convenient storage container - a barrel, for example, or directly to borehole pump. The hose on the reel is quickly rolled out for use, and just as easily retracted after finishing work.
Pump and filters for water supply in the country
When planning water supply at your dacha with your own hands, you should take into account that it is based on the use of external (vacuum) or submersible (vibration, rotary) pumps. The vacuum pump is located above ground level, which allows it to be installed directly in the house.
The power of the pump is determined by its performance. According to the laws of physics, any Vacuum pump Regardless of the motor power, it raises water to a height of no more than 10 m. Therefore, this option is not applicable for deep wells and boreholes.
A significantly greater height of water lift is provided by submerged rotary and vibration pumps.
Unlike rotary pumps, vibration pumps have a simple design, high maintainability and a much lower price. However, due to the transmission of vibration into the water, they contribute to the rapid siltation of the water source.
Multistage rotary turbopumps are the best in terms of performance and water lift. The dimensions of such mechanisms are associated with the diameter of the casing pipes of the water well, therefore they are most often used for individual water supply. Rotary pumps are more expensive than vibration pumps and consume more electricity.
Organizing water supply at your dacha with your own hands is only half the battle. Water can be used for irrigation, hand washing and technical use. But, for preparing drinks and food, the water needs to be further purified. During filtration, all mechanical impurities are removed from the water, its salt composition is brought into compliance with the requirements of the SES. If the water does not pass the test for bacteriological contents, such water can only be consumed after boiling.
Reducing water hardness has a beneficial effect on the performance of irrigation systems. When using soft water, nozzles and droppers do not become clogged with deposits and do not require cleaning for several years.
Preparing summer water supply for winter
Freezing of water during winter frosts can break even metal pipe. Therefore summer country water supply usually disassembled, cleaned, washed, dried and stored in a barn or utility room. The exception is soldered water supply from polypropylene pipes, laid below the surface freezing limit.
If the terrain allows, you can organize the slope of all sections of the water supply system to one point to drain the water. When making a water supply system with your own hands, it is important to take into account that water intake from an open reservoir (pond, river, reservoir on the site, well) should be carried out below the maximum permissible ice thickness. That is
Pipes for a stationary water supply must be laid according to the scheme indicated below, and must be insulated from water with waterproof material. The leveling layer under the pipe must be at least 50 mm and carefully compacted to prevent subsidence. After laying the pipe, it is covered with sand or gravel 2-3 cm from the bottom of the trench, including the leveling layer. Overall height the trench (indicated H in the diagram) must be at least 0.5 meters.
If winter operation is not expected - submersible pumps are taken out of the wells to the surface, dried, cleaned of sand and deposits. The necessary inspection is carried out Maintenance and preservation with special lubricant. The preservation process is always described in detail in the operating instructions for the specific product.
Bottom line
Since water supply conditions vary summer cottages differ greatly, there is no single universal recipe for creating a water supply system. But now you know how to make plumbing in your dacha with your own hands, and you can easily solve this issue in a way that is accessible to you.
Provide the country house with the necessary quantity clean water not so difficult - modern technology allows you to install a water supply system almost anywhere, and it will work under any conditions. I will say more, if you wish, you can assemble an independent water supply system yourself - if you have at least the slightest idea of how to work with pipes, then you will find this process a fascinating activity. In the current article, together with the website, we will look at how water supply works country house, let's get acquainted with necessary equipment to create it and figure out what is connected and in what order.
Water supply scheme for a country house
Water supply for a country house: where to get water for an individual water supply
Let's just say - if there is no source of clean water in the form of a main water supply system near your country residence, then in order to install a water supply system for a country house, one will have to be created. And you can do this in only four ways:
- take advantage of a nearby river and direct part of its flow through the purification system to your home;
- create your own private reservoir in the form of tanks buried in the ground in which to store imported water.
Well for water supply of a private house photo
As an alternative, you can consider collecting rain and melt water in tanks, which, after appropriate purification, can be used for your needs. Due to the fact that it doesn’t rain all the time, the latter option can only be considered as an addition that will help save some money on imported water that is by no means cheap.
It is clear that the choice between one or another source of water is determined by the location of your home, but there are also situations when you can choose. And here knowledge of some nuances regarding each source separately will come in handy. Let's start in order.
1. Nearby river. It would seem that this is a truly inexhaustible source of water, but there are many disadvantages of its use. The most important of them is the high cost of purifying river water - you will have to build an entire filtration complex, the operation of which will also be expensive. This source can only be used for technical needs - minimal purification of river water will allow it to be used for toilet flushing and irrigation. If you combine this source of water with imported liquid, you can get pretty good budget savings.
Water supply to a private house from the river
2. Water supply to a country house from a well is ideal option, If we're talking about about the building in which he lives small family, and not all the time. The well has two significant drawbacks: its low filling capacity, which will certainly affect the daily large drawdown of water, and the ability of the well to quickly silt up when used periodically. There are many restrictions, and if you do not pay attention to them, then new wells will have to be drilled quite often.
Water supply for a country house from a well
3. A well is a good alternative to a well, allowing for greater water extraction from the ground. There are practically no shortcomings here, unless, of course, the well is built with high quality and is equipped with protection against collapse and penetration of rainwater into it. In addition, well water (in principle, like liquid from a well) practically does not need purification. Autonomous water supply for a country house from a well is by far the most universal - this source of water can be used in almost any circumstances.
Water supply for a country house from a well
4. Mini-reservoir for imported water. Everything is simple here - we purchase one or several large tanks made of plastic or stainless steel, immerse them in the ground, connect them, if necessary, with a pipeline system and supply imported water to the house using a pump. In principle, you can also do away with the pump by installing the tanks as high as possible - then the water will flow by gravity into the house. There is one drawback here: almost all modern plumbing equipment ( heating boilers, heaters) require some pressure in the water supply. It can only be created using a pump. Yes, and one more thing, if, along with imported liquid, you intend to collect rain and melt water, then the tanks must be separated. The same should be done with water supply systems - water from two different storage facilities should not mix.
In general, be that as it may, you will have to decide - you will need to weigh the pros and cons regarding this or that source of water.
Tanks for storing water in country house photo
Water supply diagram and installation principle of an independent water supply system
In principle, making water supply for a country house with your own hands from a non-renewable source is quite simple - everything you need for this is sold in construction stores V finished form. You only have to buy two things - this pumping station and a plumbing system, which is assembled according to the principle of a designer. Based on the materials, we can formulate the principle of installing an autonomous water supply system; I think it is clear that the pumping station is installed first. All you need to do is install it rigidly in a pit near a water source and connect it to a pre-assembled one in the house.
This system works quite simply - the pumping station is equipped with all the necessary electronics and mechanics and is equipped with a special receiver for accumulating liquid. When you open water tap, for example, on kitchen sink, the pressure in the receiver drops, and the automation gives a command to turn on the pump, which safely supports required pressure.
Do-it-yourself water supply for a country house photo
As soon as the tap is closed, the pressure in the system will increase, and the same automation will give the command to turn off the pump. As you can see, everything is simple, the only thing you need to remember is to equip the intake hose of the pumping station with a check valve. Without it, the intake hose will fill with air and the pump will not supply water.
Quite often you can encounter a situation where there is a central water supply near the house, but water is supplied hourly. In this case, the water supply scheme for a country house looks a little different - it is necessary to include a storage tank in it. Its volume will have to be calculated based on the amount of water consumed by your family per day.
Autonomous water supply for a country house photo
Such a tank is equipped with a float shut-off valve, which works on the principle of a toilet cistern and prevents the tank from overfilling. It’s also not difficult for such a system to work - when in centralized system water appears and enters the reservoir. As soon as the latter is filled to the required level, the float is activated and stops the water supply. From the reservoir, the liquid enters the house using the same pumping station.
Water storage tanks with float
Well, in conclusion, a few words about how to establish hot water supply in a country house. As you probably already understood, things here are exactly the same as in houses with central heating. In principle, any method of heating the liquid can be used - it can be geyser, electric water heater or even a heat exchanger powered by a heating system.
That's basically it! As you can see, the water supply of a country house is not so complicated. You can say even more - it is assembled like a construction set. The main thing is to choose the right elements and learn to work with them.
When wondering how to supply water to a private house, any owner ultimate goal makes it possible to gain independence from centralized networks and other common water systems located outside the household by equipping an autonomous source.
But often, the device of such a water intake is, and the only possible option providing water to households. One of the methods of installing an autonomous water supply source and supplying water from it to the house will be discussed below.
Autonomous methods of using water resources have priority in the design and practical implementation of water supply for a private home. When choosing the most optimal solution for arranging a water intake source, it is necessary to take into account the main condition - the presence of an aquifer on the site and its depth, as well as the purposes for which the extracted water will be used.
Therefore, the first and important step in installing a water source of any type will be. To do this, one should take into account the absence in the immediate vicinity of the planned source of trees, the roots of which will interfere with the work or will threaten the condition of the water intake in the future, power lines, own or neighboring outbuildings.
You should not install a water supply source closer than 40 m from household facilities containing waste. For example, cesspools, septic tanks, settling tanks. It is undesirable to be adjacent to industrial enterprises and landfills within a radius of 1 km
No less an important condition, which influences the choice of method of extraction and transportation of water, as well as the location of the source on the property, is the distance from the surface of the earth to the aquifers.
Instructions for constructing a well
The well is one of the most ancient water intake facilities, but has not lost its relevance to this day.
The presence of a filter is mandatory for the following types of well bottom:
- soft clay and is eroded, which is why the water in the bottom part of the well is cloudy;
- sandy- water slowly seeps into the mine;
- at the bottom of the well there is a floater, in the form of muddy streams of sand extremely saturated with groundwater.
There are many materials for constructing a bottom filter.
To the most effective material For a bottom filter, coarse quartz sand can be used. Before placing it in a well, the sand must be thoroughly washed under running water or by periodic stirring, followed by settling and draining of water in which residual silt and clay contaminants remain suspended.
To achieve a greater effect, a three-layer, 30 cm each layer, filtration is arranged. Washed quartz sand serves as the first layer, river pebbles are laid as the second layer, and large stones are poured on top.
To protect against floaters, a bottom filter shield made of boards with holes 1 cm in diameter is installed at the bottom of the well. The shield is wrapped in geotextile, pressed to the bottom with a layer of stones and covered with a layer of small pebbles - 10-15 cm.
Step 5 – arrangement of the above-ground part
Further arrangement of the well consists of filling the gap between the walls of the shaft and the rings with crushed stone or just soil, as well as constructing a clay castle. This ensures that the well is protected from rainwater and other domestic wastewater.
To create a clay castle, wet clay is placed in a ditch around the well, up to 0.5 m deep and up to 0.4 m wide, which is then compacted well to remove voids.
A constructed waterproof castle can be lined with bricks in one row, tiled or poured concrete blind area, raising it a little higher above ground level.
The work is being completed by equipping the above-ground part of the well. Here everything depends on the imagination and financial capabilities of the owner, but in any case, the well must be protected from rain, snow and dirt. In addition to a regular or decorative roof, it is imperative to build a lid that directly covers the well opening itself, and better yet, with a lock.
Organization of water supply to the house
An ordinary well can also be used as a source of water in the permanent water supply system of a private home.
Therefore, if the old-fashioned method of lifting water from a well - in buckets, with its delivery to the house on a rocker - does not suit the owner of the household, and the water supply is used in the winter, then there is no need to rush into filling the well shaft. The reason is that access will be needed to insert a water pipe into the well in its deepened part.
The supply of water from the well to the house is carried out according to the following algorithm.
Stage No. 1 – preparation of tools and materials
At the initial stage, it is necessary to decide on the method of automatically transporting water to the house, outbuildings or for irrigation, as well as whether it will be used for this - submersible or surface.
Depending on the choice of water supply method, it is recommended to put on paper a water supply plan, in which all the main equipment and materials used are detailed. The presented diagram will help you draw up a plan for installing a water supply system using a pumping station
The pump power is selected such that the water pressure in any section of the pipeline is within 1.5 atmospheres, and the performance exceeds the maximum water flow by 25%. In addition, the operation of the pump must be linked to the debit of the source, to prevent air from entering the unit after all the water from the well has been exhausted.
If the water level in the well does not exceed 7 - 10 m, then optimal solution pumping station equipment will become surface pump.
Required element in the water supply scheme, a hydraulic accumulator acts from the well. This is a storage tank that also allows you to create the required pressure in the network
When choosing pipes, it should be taken into account that modern way Laying a water pipeline involves the use of pipe products made of metal-plastic. The most popular are pipes with a diameter of 32 mm.
- fitting;
- tees;
- bends;
- adapters.
Compression fittings simplify the process of working with pipes. Their use does not require additional and expensive welding equipment.
Stage No. 2 - arrangement of a trench for pipes
The practical part of arranging the transportation of water to the house begins with digging a trench for laying water pipes.
When choosing the depth of laying communications, the following factors are taken into account:
- the need to install a cushion of sand and gravel mixture at least 10 cm thick at the bottom of the trench;
- depth of soil freezing.
The degree of soil freezing in a particular area can be determined by specialists from the nearest construction organization.
For example, for the central part of Russia this figure ranges from 1.35 m to 2 m. This error is determined not only by the climatic conditions of the regions, but also by the type of soil
Stage No. 3 – connection to a water supply source
An important stage is the work on arranging the passage of the pipe through the wall of the well.
The mandatory conditions that must be met in this case are:
- The hole for the pipe entry is equipped at the same level at which the water supply lines will be laid.
- The input node should not be placed at the junction of the rings.
IN concrete ring a hole is drilled, usually for an inch offset.
To the drive from outside The well is connected to a HDPE pipe through a fitting. On inner part a fitting is installed to connect a vertical intake pipe to it. In our version with a pumping station or pipe to which a submersible pump is mounted
It is also recommended to implement the option of connecting a tee to the internal fitting, on which, in addition to the vertical intake pipe, you can install a drain valve on the horizontal outlet. This will be useful in the case when the house is not used for living in the winter, and the water from the system needs to be drained.
The hole in the concrete ring of the well, into which the through passage is installed, is carefully sealed with a special waterproofing mastic, which contains reinforcing fibers.
Wide rubber gaskets are placed on the same composition, applied to the internal and external walls of the well, on both sides, after which the drive is clamped with nuts and washers.
Stage No. 4 - installation of the pipeline
Having completed the excavation work and equipped the entrance to the well, you can backfill and compact the remaining gap between the walls of the shaft and the outer walls of the well. Waterproof it and proceed directly to the installation of the water supply system.
Work begins with preparing the intake pipe section. To calculate its length, the fact that water must be drawn from the middle part of the water level in the well is taken into account.
And in order to prevent large suspensions from penetrating into the pipes and pumping station, it would not be superfluous to install a filter on the intake pipe. Ready-made corrugated water intake pipes are available for sale, already equipped with a check valve.
Having equipped the inside of the well, you can begin laying water pipes in the prepared trench - from the well to the house. It should be borne in mind here that a thrifty owner will not skimp on additional materials, the use of which can protect you from more costly troubles in the future.
- mechanical protection of pipes;
- pipeline insulation;
- redundancy of communications.
To protect the pipe from soil pressure and other influences, you can use inexpensive technological polyethylene or corrugated pipes.
Even if the water pipes are laid below the ground freezing line, as insurance against abnormal surprises of nature, it would not be a bad idea to hide them under any insulation, for example, from polystyrene foam boards, the cost of which is not so high
Considering the relatively low cost plastic pipes, in order not to have to carry out labor-intensive work of opening the entire trench, in search of a faulty area and repairing the main line, it is recommended to lay a reserve one next to the main one water pipe.
Stage No. 5 – final work
The final stage of supplying water supply to a house from a well is the installation of a pumping station. It allows you to economically use the resource of such expensive equipment as a pump. Having used maximum power when pumping water into the pump, the pump begins to operate in economical mode, squeezing out required amount fluids into the system.
For the pumping station, it is necessary to equip a closed utility room in which, even in frosty weather, the temperature will not drop below 5 degrees Celsius.
Mounted at the pump inlet check valve to protect the house from flooding from the main pipeline in the event of system failures.
To monitor the pressure of the water supply and automatically, if necessary, turn it off and on, the pump is equipped with an electric contact pressure gauge.
The hydraulic accumulator is installed no lower than 1.5-2 m from the floor level, preferably in attic, in order to ensure a gravity supply of water during a power outage.
Considering the expensive equipment used, it is advisable to entrust the installation and connection of the pumping station, without special skills, to professionals.
Do not ignore sections of the water supply system where they come to the surface, entrances to the basement of the house or unheated basement. These areas are subject to enhanced thermal insulation or are equipped with electric heating.
The best, but somewhat labor-intensive, option is to bring a water pipe into the house under the foundation, through the basement, from the level of its depth in the trench
As insulation, a water pipe can be placed in a sleeve made from a sewer pipe with damping polyethylene foam insulation.
For the convenience of possible replacement of the pipe, in places where there are passages through the base or ceiling, it is recommended to insert it through a sleeve made of a larger diameter pipe.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Video about the technology of laying rings when constructing a well:
Useful tips for supplying water supply from a well to a house, taking into account the use of water supply in winter:
The option of installing an autonomous source of water supply in your household, the instructions for which are given above, is the most accessible for implementation.
Following step-by-step advice on getting water from a well will help you avoid unwanted mistakes, the correction of which can result in high costs.
If you have had to arrange water supply on your site yourself, please share your experience with visitors to our site. Perhaps there are nuances that need to be paid attention to? Leave your comments in the communication block located under the article.
In this publication we will talk about the water supply of a private home. Currently existing systems will be reviewed, including a comparison of centralized and autonomous type. In addition, in the article we will consider the pros and cons of water supply through water intake from open sources, a well, and a well (the main aspects of drilling a well will be touched upon). To make the material as complete as possible, in each chapter we will also talk about the equipment that is necessary to ensure water supply at home.
In general, the water supply to a private home can be divided into two types:
- Autonomous: well (artesian, sand), well and water intake from an open source (lake, river).
- Centralized.
To organize the water supply at home on your own, you can use one of three options:
- Drilling a well.
- Digging a well.
- Water intake from external sources.
Let's look at each of these options in more detail.
There are two types of wells:
1. Sand well. Usually its depth does not exceed forty meters. This option is something between an artesian well and a well. When drilling into sand, only the upper layers of the soil are affected, called in the language of specialists the “sandy horizon”. The positive factors of such wells include the following:
- Low terms of arrangement.
- Relatively low turnkey cost.
- Drilling a sand well does not require registration and licensing, unlike an artesian well.
- The water quality is much better than well water. Surface water is isolated by a clay layer.
However, as usual, there are some drawbacks. TO negative qualities The following points can be mentioned:
- Low well life, which varies from three to seven years. For example, the service life of an artesian well exceeds 50 years.
- Small supply of water compared to artesian water. In the first case, the average is 500 liters, while in the second the water supply is unlimited. In addition, this figure is lower than that of a well (well reserve is ~1200 liters).
- Inconsistent water level (interseasonal fluctuations).
It should be noted that a sand well will cost you less (compared to an artesian well) due to its shallow depth. In addition, in this case, there is savings due to the absence of the need to install additional equipment for water supply - it is enough to equip the well with a pump, the power of which is sufficient to lift water from a depth of 20 meters.
2. Artesian well. Its depth can reach 135 meters. As a rule, this is the most reliable water supply for a private home. The water comes from the depths of limestone horizons and is of incredibly high quality. The advantages of an artesian well include the following factors:
- Excellent quality of water and its unlimited supply (unlike a sand well and a well, where the amount of water is limited).
- No need for additional equipment to supply water - in the well it is constantly under pressure.
- Possibility of penetration of surface and Wastewater is excluded completely.
- The service life of an artesian well is quite long - more than fifty years.
- However, this option also has certain disadvantages. So to negative factors artesian well include the following points:
- It is necessary to install a special filter for iron removal and water softening. This is due to the fact that its hardness often exceeds the permissible 7 mEq/l.
- It is necessary to have a license for the construction of an artesian well (note that this condition is relevant only for Russia, while it is not needed for the territory of Ukraine).
- The high cost of drilling when compared with the same construction of a well or a well for sand.
It should be noted that in addition to the drilling process, the cost of constructing an artesian well must also be added to the cost of some equipment that will be needed during its operation:
- Hydraulic accumulator (a short list of them, cost and characteristics can be found in Table 1).
- Caisson (cost for Russia from 15,000 rubles, for Ukraine from 425 hryvnia).
- Pump. Its cost will directly depend on the technical qualities. On average, in Russia the price of such equipment can vary from 2,000 to 40,000 rubles, in Ukraine from 450 to 8,800 hryvnia. Let us add that you should not buy a pump in advance, because... After drilling a well, you will be provided with a document with its characteristics. In the future, based on these characteristics, you will be able to select the most suitable best option a pump that will ensure an uninterrupted and high-quality supply of water from the well.
Which home water supply system would be most optimal? If the main water consumption is planned for cooking and watering plants in the garden, you can get by with a well for sand - its supply is quite enough for these needs. If, in addition to the above, the house has a shower, bath and Dishwasher, and the number of people living in it exceeds three people, then in such a situation it is better to choose an artesian well. Otherwise, you simply will not have enough water in the well for sand. In Table-2 you can see a brief comparison of both types of wells.
Today, water supply to a country house from a well does not require any licenses or permits. The owner of the plot only needs to register it by going through the formal state registration procedure (according to Article 25 “ State registration ownership rights to the real estate object under construction").
Wells can be divided into three categories by type:
- Consisting of small-piece materials. As a rule, the shafts of such wells are lined with red burnt bricks, stones, or concrete blocks. The work process itself is quite labor-intensive. Considering the fact that it is impossible to construct a shaft in a descending manner (as is the case with wells made of reinforced concrete rings), such structures are most often made at a shallow depth (up to three meters).
- Wooden wells. Their mines are mainly made of logs, the diameter of which varies between 12-18 centimeters. At the same time, the type of wood for these purposes must be resistant to the aquatic environment and have a dense structure. Considering this, for the role consumables Trees such as larch, pine, and oak are suitable.
- Wells made of reinforced concrete rings. This option is the most popular, because... it is quite effective. The rings themselves can be purchased at the company or cast yourself. It is impossible not to note the fact that water supply to a private house with your own hands through wells made of reinforced concrete rings has a number of advantages, the main of which are a long period of operation (more than 50 years), reliability and ease of arrangement, as well as a sufficient depth to which they can be used. lay (up to 20 meters).
TO common benefits wells, the following factors can be attributed:
- Long service life.
- There is no need to prepare documents permitting the construction of a well on the site.
- Convenience in disinfection and cleaning of the well, which is achieved due to the sufficient diameter of the rings (90-120 cm). For example, the diameter of the wells is 80-225 mm, which complicates the process of cleaning them.
- Pure water. It comes into the house without any aftertaste or rust, something the central water supply system cannot boast of.
- The cost of construction is significantly lower than the cost of constructing a well.
- No monthly fees for water use.
The disadvantages of wells include the following:
- Frequent cleaning required. At a minimum, this should be done twice a year.
- There is a possibility of falling into the mine surface waters. This is due to the shallow depth. As a result, water quality is noticeably reduced.
- Wells are characterized by interseasonal fluctuations in water levels.
- Colossal physical costs for digging - this process is performed manually.
- The need for an additional reservoir for storing water, as well as a hydraulic accumulator. It will come in handy if the power supply is cut off or due to other factors that prevent the normal supply of water to the house.
- The well must be located away from possible sources of pollution at a minimum distance of 50 meters. Such sources include sewerage, manure storage facilities, etc. Otherwise, if wastewater enters the well, it will become unsuitable for supplying the house with water for food purposes.
The cost of installing a well can depend on many factors. In addition, you need to consider whether you will dig it yourself or hire a team of workers for these purposes. In Table 3 you can see some prices.
Having decided to organize the water supply at home according to a given type with your own hands, you should prepare for serious difficulties in making the water suitable for cooking and drinking. In such a situation, you will have to carry out a number of works to create a protected area at the point of water intake (SanPiN 2.1.4.027-95 “Territories for sanitary protection of drinking water pipelines and water supply sources”).
For example, on a river it is necessary to mark the boundary of the first zone of the territory of the San. security guard (ZSO) at the water intake point:
- Downstream from the water intake site to the boundary of the ZSO belt, it is necessary to maintain a distance of at least 100 meters, and upstream - at least two hundred meters.
- The depth at the water intake point must exceed 2.5 meters.
For example, you can see what the water supply scheme for a house looks like through a water intake in Image 1.
Explanations for the designations: A - water intake, B - pumping station supplying water to the water supply system; 1 - pump, 2 - pipe, 3 - trench, 4 - walls of the water inlet, 5 - suction compartment, 6 - water inlet, 7 - lattice windows for supplying water to the receiver, 8 - area with a protective cap, 9 - movable metal walls.
As can be seen from the diagram, the volume of work on water intake from open sources is quite large. If we compare the financial costs, you will have to spend more than 80,000 rubles just to organize a water supply system and a water intake, which is comparable to the costs of developing an artillery well. Only in the second case will the water be of higher quality than in the first.
Taking into account the complexity of water purification work, water intake from an open source is mainly used for irrigation purposes. If this is enough for you, then you will need the following equipment:
- Pump of the “Trickle” or “Baby” type (any other pump of a similar type will do).
- A hose through which water will be transferred from the pump to the storage tank.
To avoid the pump sinking to the bottom, you can mount a limit bar on it, which will serve as a kind of float. This way you can avoid sand and silt getting into it.
Calculation of the funds required to organize water supply for irrigation at home will look like this:
- Pump (from two thousand rubles).
- Watering hose (from 20 rubles per linear meter).
- Storage containers (prices vary individually).
- Chain or cable (from 70 rubles per linear meter).
Centralized water supply for a country house
This option is the most practical and common. Everything that the site owner needs to do in this case can be divided into two stages:
- Obtaining a permit according to which the house can be connected to a centralized water supply. To do this, you will need to contact the organization responsible for the operation and maintenance of the central water supply system at your place of residence.
- Obtaining technical conditions for connecting the water supply branch leading to your home (issued by the same organization). IN technical conditions displays the location and diagram of the pipe insertion into the water supply leading to your home. In addition, they indicate the required depth according to which it is necessary to install the outlet pipe. The document also indicates the water pressure guaranteed by UVKH and other conditions with calculations of all the costs required for the installation of water supply.
The obvious advantages of centralized water supply at home include the following:
- The owner of the plot does not need to drill a well or dig a well.
- Water consumption is unlimited (however, it is charged).
- Vodokanal or UVKH is fully responsible for maintaining the water supply system (pipeline condition, pressure and water quality).
- Constant water supply. Even if there is a power outage in your area, the water will not stop flowing.
- Storage tanks and other equipment (for example, a pump) are optional.
Despite all these advantages, this water supply option has some disadvantages:
- Water disinfection at central water intake stations is carried out using chlorine. This leads to the fact that the water appears bad smell, and its quality is noticeably reduced.
- There will be rust in the water, even if the entire pipeline up to the point of insertion into the main pipe is made of stainless steel or metal-plastic. This is due to the fact that rust is initially present in the pipes of the centralized water supply.
- The need for a monthly fee for water use. The fee is calculated based on the meter readings.
- Despite the independent operation of the system from the electricity supply, in the event of a water supply failure, the water supply may be interrupted.
Approximate cost of connection to central system water supply you can see in table-4. Please note that prices may vary depending on your region of residence, as well as the volume of work performed.
In conclusion, it should be noted that in the private sector it is not always possible to connect a house to a central system. In such a situation you will have to use autonomous water supply. Which option is most optimal for your purposes is up to you to choose. We tried to cover the topic of providing home water in as much detail as possible.
