How to extend the flowering period of linden? - When and how to collect linden flowers?

Linden - one of those breeds that has been used and glorified by our people since ancient times. In the kingdom of Flora there are a huge number of beautiful and extremely useful trees and shrubs, among which linden occupies a particularly honorable place. It belongs to the linden family, which includes 45 genera and more than 400 species. The linden genus includes almost 50 species, of which 17 grow in the USSR.

The genus of linden received its scientific name Tilia from the Greek word “ptilion” - “wing” based on the wing-shaped bracts. The Ukrainian name “linden” comes from the ancient Slavic “lipata” - to stick. The tree has sticky buds, leaves and inner surface bark. Sometimes the leaves secrete so much sticky liquid that it even drips.
Linden is one of the most beloved tree species in Ukraine. Our pagan ancestors dedicated it to Lada, the goddess of spring. According to the beliefs of the Baltic peoples, the linden tree symbolized the feminine principle, and in Western Europe she was considered the keeper of the hearth.

In Ukraine, the most common linden is the heart-leaved or small-leaved linden, so named because its leaves are relatively small in size and shaped like a heart. This species in plantations reaches a height of 27 -30, occasionally 35-40 m and a trunk thickness of up to 2 m. Sometimes ancient linden trees 5 m thick are found. The bark on old trees is fissured, on young trees it is smooth, dark gray, and on the branches it is yellowish-green .

Linden can form pure stands, but in most cases in Ukraine it is found as an admixture with pine and oak. In the taiga zone it grows with spruce. Plantings with linden can be found in the European part of the USSR, in the Crimea, the Caucasus and the Far East. Pure linden forests are found in Bashkiria, Tatarstan and Chuvashia, in the southern Urals. In the northern regions of the European part of the USSR, where linden grows together with spruce, it has the form of a bush and often forms dense thickets here. As an accompanying rock in the north, it reaches the latitude of Leningrad - Kargopol - Solvychegodsk. In the Carpathians and the Caucasus it rises into the mountains, but does not grow in the vast expanses of Siberia. However, its small islands can be seen in the foothills of Alatau and in the Krasnoyarsk Territory on an area of 40 thousand hectares. Linden is a relict plant here. During the Ice Age, this species, as part of broad-leaved forests, grew everywhere in the vast expanses of Siberia. Scientists are interested in the question of why forests with linden trees have survived only in the Krasnoyarsk region, but this phenomenon has not yet been solved.

In the European part of the USSR, the habitat of the linden almost completely coincides with the distribution zone of the pedunculate oak, but the linden goes a little further to the north and east. The huge range of small-leaved linden testifies to its ability to adapt to different conditions, endure bitter frosts, extreme heat and winter thaws. True, during the growth period, in particular in the spring after the beginning of the growing season, its frost resistance drops sharply. During this period, linden freezes at a temperature of -5 ° C, while in winter it can withstand -50 ° C and even more. This happens because in the process of evolution the tree has acquired the ability to gradually enter a state of dormancy and stop growing long before the leaves fall, when conditions are still quite favorable for vegetation. At this time, complex biochemical processes and changes occur in it: the cells are significantly dehydrated, the metabolism in them is reduced to a minimum or stops altogether. Even breathing becomes 200-400 times weaker.

Linden sustainability against winter frosts is a very complex phenomenon. It is associated with a change in the physiological state: starch, sugar, pectin substances, fats, polyhydric alcohols and proteins gradually accumulate in the cells. By the end of the growing season and the beginning of falling, the leaves of the linden tissue are filled with starch, which hydrolyzes when the temperature drops, forming sugar. All this has a positive effect on the hardening of linden and increases its frost resistance. In the spring, after the beginning of the growing season, processes occur in the cells that are the opposite of those that took place in the fall and therefore the linden loses its frost resistance. That’s why in the spring the linden tree takes a long time to decide whether to bloom or wait: what if it gets colder?

Many of the tree species have already covered with leaves and even bloomed, but the linden tree stands bare. But over time, the gentle rays of the sun, the warm breeze and the ringing spring streams push her: blossom, don’t waste time. And so she carefully pokes out pink arrows, which don’t even look like leaves: crumpled, gathered into a heap and shrouded in delicate pink pieces - scales. And for a long time, two weeks, they don’t turn around, so the linden tree is still thinking, and isn’t it too early? But finally, heat and time take their toll, and it quickly forms leaf blades of normal size and a pale green color. The linden leaves are simple, jagged at the edges, dark green above, light below, located quite densely on the branches. The crown is branched and dense. Almost does not penetrate through it to the ground sunlight. Linden flowers are small. It bears fruit every year from the age of 20. Seeds for sowing in a tree nursery are harvested at the stage of waxy ripeness, while the embryo has not yet entered the stage of complete dormancy. In Ukraine, this is the third ten days of August - the first of September. After harvesting, the seeds are stratified or sown in tree nurseries in moist soil two to three weeks before the ground freezes. If the soil is dry, the seeds are stratified in wet sand.
Unfortunately, in most cases, foresters collect linden seeds in October - December, when the embryo has entered the stage of complete dormancy. To break it, a long stratification is required - on average 200 days. When the seed is planted for stratification in November - December, it does not have time to undergo appropriate preparation. Foresters are forced to sow it in the spring and end up with “dead” crops. Linden seeds, the embryos of which have entered the stage of complete dormancy, lie in the ground for two years before they sprout. During this time, a significant part of it dies. Untimely procurement and stratification of linden seeds is the main reason that the republic’s needs for planting material of this valuable breed are satisfied by 20-40%.

Linden tree multiplies not only by seeds, but also by shoots from stumps, layering and root shoots, and retains its sprouting ability until old age. Although linden is somewhat picky - it needs fertile, moderately moist soil, it can also grow on relatively poor soils, under the crowns of other tree species, and in terms of shade tolerance it ranks among the first among them.

It is noted for its enviable longevity: it lives up to 400 years. Some trees live up to 1200-1300 years. In Ukraine there are also ancient and, as a rule, hollow linden trees. Such majestic trees with spreading thick crowns are just the case when old age does not distort, but decorates.

In Ukraine, it has long been a tradition to first plant linden trees when creating parks and squares. On the streets of cities and towns, this breed with majestic and dense crowns provides a lot of shade, improves thermal conditions, absorbs noise and releases a large amount of phytoncides, killing pathogenic bacteria - the causative agents of various diseases. In parks, as in the forest among many trees and herbaceous plants, healing streams clean air saturated with phytoncides. Each type of vegetation releases its own specific bio-energy, which has a positive effect on humans. Thanks to the huge and dense crown, linden releases phytoncides and bio-energy more than other tree species.

Industrial and other enterprises, as well as automobile transport emit a huge amount of various waste into the air: dust, aerosols, soot and chemical substances that poison environment. Linden actively adsorbs chemical compounds and accumulates them in its tissues, and in the fall it drops them to the ground along with its leaves. Dust and soot linger on the surface of the sticky leaves, and then dew and rain wash them onto the ground. So linden is an excellent filter that ensures air purity, a constantly operating factory, absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

Linden tolerates replanting well even at the age of 20 - 30 years, takes root well, and withstands molding and pruning the crown relatively well. People have always distinguished it from other tree species, tried to bring it closer to themselves, and therefore planted it on estates, streets and along roads. And this breed has become a real queen of city streets and parks, but it lives here not 300-400, but only 80-100 years.
The annual formation of the crown causes a large number of wounds, to heal which it spends a lot of vitality. Moreover, the crown is formed so that it is harvested only at the ends of the branches. However, linden trees with normal, unshaped crowns can grow on city streets, and this would prolong their age. In cities, it is necessary to cut only the lower branches that interfere with people and transport.

Linden blossoms in July, hence Ukrainian name this summer month. The beginning of its flowering is a symbol of full or, as people say, “dome”, in summer. Why does linden bloom so late? The reason is that in its overwintering buds there are no flower buds; they are formed only during the annual growth. The tree must first grow shoots, give them the opportunity to become woody, forming on them flower buds, and then it can bloom.

For bees, bumblebees and many other types of insects linden blossoms the most fertile time. Scientists estimate that flowering linden trees are visited by more than 70 species of insects. All of them, first of all the bees, take generous bribes from linden flowers. IN favorable years the weight of each hive placed in a blooming Lipnyak increases by an average of 8 kg. During linden blossoms, bees take as much honey from one mature tree as from 1 hectare of buckwheat. In years with favorable weather, a bee colony can collect up to 5 kg of honey per day from each tree, and up to 50 kg per season. When the linden blossoms the bees work even when it gets dark. During the season, from 1 hectare of linden forest they collect 800, and sometimes up to 1500 kg of transparent, and often golden-yellow or green honey. It’s not for nothing that people call the linden tree a honey tree.

How to extend the flowering period of linden? Is it possible? It turns out yes. To do this, three types of linden should be cultivated - ordinary, or small-leaved, large-leaved and silver, which bloom one after another. This will make it possible to collect nectar for one and a half months. If you want individual trees to bloom two to three weeks earlier, water them with warm water in the spring.

Linden flower has a specific structure. First the stamens ripen, and then the stigmas. A long wing-shaped bract grows above each flower, resembling a narrow dry leaf. In summer it covers the flower from the rain, and after the fruits ripen it plays the role of a parachute. The flowers have small sepals and slightly longer petals, with many stamens making them appear fluffy. The ovary of the pistil contains 5 seed germs, but after pollination of the seeds it forms only one. The fruits ripen in late August - early September and hang on the trees almost until spring.

Previously, linden was valued not only for its honey production and wood, but also for what it provided for peasants. In April - May, during the period of the most intense sap flow, the bark was torn off from young trees, easily divided into the upper cortical and lower parts, which people call the face. Bast shoes were made from the best quality bast. In most cases, they were the only peasant shoes in winter and summer. The bast was also used to make bags, brushes, baskets, mats, matting, washbasins, and roofing for buildings.
To make one pair of bast shoes, it was necessary to remove the bark from several four to six year old Lime trees. It is not difficult to calculate how many linden trees were destroyed annually just for shoes. That is why our once dense forests with linden trees have thinned out. Since ancient times, there has been a proverb “torn off like a stick.”

Since ancient times, linden also provided material for cultural needs. On peeled pieces of bast they painted pictures on themes from folk life- hence the name - popular prints. For the beauty and benefits that the linden tree provides, people love and appreciate it. And if bast shoes have sunk into oblivion, then linden honey - linden honey - is still an extremely valuable food product and in many cases an indispensable healing agent. Linden honey is an excellent medicine for heart disease, insomnia, colds and many other diseases. Propolis, which is widely used in folk medicine, is also of great medicinal value.

Linden is famous and high quality wood She white, very light, extremely soft, well processed, at the same time durable, does not warp or crack, can be painted and polished better than most other wood species, and is easy to chip. Initially, chests, beehives, shoe lasts, staves, barrels for honey and household utensils, various decorations, toys and souvenirs, in particular nesting dolls, were made from it. Best boards for drawing - from linden. Khokhloma painted dishes were made from it, which in its beauty is not inferior to silver and even gold.
Linden wood can be used to carve highly artistic items and decorations and make beautiful lace for decorating houses. In museums you can see magnificent gilded picture frames, cornices, decorated furniture - all made from linden.

Lipa is also famous for its medicinal properties . Its flowers are rightly called Berendey’s healing gift. They help people get rid of colds - cough, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract and other ailments. Anyone who drinks healing, extremely aromatic linden tea improves their health.
When and how to collect linden flowers? The raw materials are collected when most of the flowers are in bloom and the rest are in buds. You should not collect flowers with dew, in rainy weather, after rain, because such raw materials turn brown when dried and lose their healing properties. Flowers are dried in attics, in well-ventilated rooms or dryers at a temperature of 25-30 ° C. Flowers are spread out for drying thin layer on clean litter. In dry and hot weather, you can dry them under a canopy, on outdoors, but not in the sun. Store flowers in boxes, canvas bags or in cardboard boxes, in well-ventilated areas.

So, as we see, linden very valuable breed and it would be necessary to pay attention to its wider implementation, primarily in roadside plantings, where in most cases low-value species grow.

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When summer reaches its equator, the air is filled with the delicate smell of honey and the hum of bees. This is when the linden tree begins to bloom. She can safely be called the queen among the trees. After all, it has not only a sweet aroma, but also healing power.

Folk image of a tree

Linden is the most revered tree of our ancestors. The Slavs often called it after their children. Also, data on settlements with the name linden has been preserved. Thus, people saluted the defender of all Rus'.

Her image has long been associated with the tenderness and affection that her mother gave. Linden can comfort, feed, and, of course, cure. Even in the most difficult times, she protected the peasants and helped them survive.

Where can you find linden

There are several varieties in our area flowering tree. But the most common is the common or heart-shaped linden.

You can meet her while walking along city streets, parks and squares. It is not difficult to find this beauty in the local forests. As soon as you hear notes of honey in the air, it means the linden tree is somewhere nearby.

If we talk about other countries, this tree grows in various parts of our earth. Interestingly, her linden flowers decorate even Norway and Finland. As you can see, linden will be able to survive under any conditions. But it works best in places with a warm and temperate climate.

How to recognize linden blossom

Even schoolchildren know what a linden tree looks like. After all, no tree has such heart-shaped leaves. They look like little pinwheels with white flowers. Also, it is characterized by reddish branches with young buds. This entire ensemble is complemented by a powerful tree trunk that grows up to 30 meters in length.

Linden flowers have a completely different image. They are shrouded in a haze of light and tenderness. Looking at them, I remember a beautiful girl with white hair.

She is so light that the slightest breeze blows her curls into different sides. Such linden blossoms leave behind a delicate aroma, similar to sweet nectar. It appears thanks to honey bees.

When is the best time to pick flowers?

The high season for linden is June–July. That's when you need to go for fragrant flowers. By the way, their aroma can be heard several meters from the tree.

How long the linden tree blooms depends on the temperature and time of year. You can easily find it in a forest or park. The most active flowering is observed in trees that live for more than twenty years. Therefore, linden can safely be called a long-liver.

The healing power of linden

Since time immemorial, people have known about the magical properties of linden. It was widely used by doctors Ancient Rome and Greece. Back then, no one had heard of tablets and potions. Therefore, herbs and plants were used.

For example, they drank tea made from linden blossoms when the cough began. This healing decoction not only warmed, but also served as an analgesic.

By the way, women from past centuries washed their hair with tree sap. As a result, the hair was healthy and well-groomed. Also, their curls grew much faster.

Do not forget about the wonderful properties of linden for treating kidneys. After all, it has a mild diuretic and choleretic effect. Linden decoction is also useful for neuroses and insomnia. To do this, simply brew the fragrant drink for about an hour in a closed container.

When the herb is infused, drink it before bed. If you constantly use such a “sleeping pill,” you can forget about frequent awakenings and anxiety.

In addition to the flowers and leaves of the tree, its bark is considered especially valuable. Thanks to its healing power, it effectively disinfects wounds.

Experienced herbalists also use boiled bark lotions. Just like its mucus is a real panacea for gouty and rheumatic pain. But, for treatment, choose only young linden.

The benefits of fragrant wood in cooking

It’s interesting that modern housewives are using recipes from the past with interest. Access to such information has become possible thanks to the World Wide Web - the Internet. Sometimes, here you can find unique secrets from our ancestors. They were well versed in natural ingredients. Among such products, tree seeds were often used. It is known that they were nutritious and very beneficial for the stomach.

Linden leaves were not left out either. They make an excellent vitamin salad. You only have to try it once, and this dish will become a regular guest on your table.

Of course, among all culinary masterpieces, linden honey remains the leader. Many books have been written about its positive effects. Such a product is a storehouse of vitamins for our body. As you can see, linden has long been distinguished by its nobility. She is like a kind doctor, always ready to heal a person’s body and soul.

Photo of blooming linden

Linden is the main honey plant of the middle zone: recognized as the queen, Aphrodite of the forest nectar bribe, this truly unique plant is called.

“Let all the spring bribes change (willows, gardens, etc.), it’s not scary even if the meadows yield little: the linden tree will bloom and cover all sins"- wrote A.S. Butkevich, the author of numerous publications on beekeeping, a successful practitioner who kept a large productive apiary in the Tula province.

As a honey plant, it really has no equal in the domestic flora; it produces the most valuable, fragrant honey. It produces honey better on fertile and permeable soil in an open location.

Linden heart-shaped or Small-leaved linden(genus Linden of the Malvaceae family) is a deciduous tree, 20-38 m tall, with a tent-shaped crown, widespread in Europe and Western Asia.
The bark is dark and furrowed on old trees.
The leaves are alternate, heart-shaped, long-petiolate, toothed, with an elongated pointed apex, green above, bluish below.
The flowers are regular with numerous stamens, 1-1.5 cm in diameter, yellowish-white, fragrant, collected in 3-11 pieces in corymbose inflorescences with a yellowish-green stipule. The pollen color is light yellow-green.

It blooms from the beginning of July for 10-15 days. Nectar-bearing tissue located on the inner part of the bases of the sepals secretes 5-10 mg of nectar.

The fruit is a spherical, pubescent, thin-walled, one- or two-seeded nut. The fruits ripen in August-September.

Large-leaved linden - deciduous tree genus Linden of the Malvaceae family. Large-leaved linden naturally grows in the forests of western Ukraine, Moldova, the Caucasus, Western, Central and Southern Europe. In central Russia and Belarus it is bred in gardens and parks.
Tree up to 40 m tall, with a dense, wide-pyramidal crown, with reddish-brown, fluffy, less often bare young shoots.

The buds are reddish-brown, glabrous.
Leaves up to 14 cm, rounded-ovate, dark green above, glabrous, paler below, with tufts of light hairs at the corners of the veins, on petioles 2-6 cm long. The leaves bloom two weeks later than those of the small-leaved linden.
The flowers are yellowish-cream, larger than those of small-leaved linden, but there are fewer of them in the inflorescence (2-5), blooms two weeks earlier than small-leaved linden, in early June. One large-leaved linden flower produces 11.54 mg of nectar.

Honey productivity is 800-900 kg/ha; up to 90-100 kg of pollen can be collected from a hectare of linden.

In order for bees to collect nectar from linden flowers, certain weather: Warm and important weather. This is when sweet liquid is released.
The use of large-leaved linden is promising for beekeeping not only from the point of view of increasing nectar reserves, but also increasing the duration of the honeybee.

Honey productivity linden plantations reach 800-1000 kg/ha. During flowering in places where it grows massively, bee colonies collect up to 10-14 kg of honey per day. In terms of taste and healing qualities, linden honey has long been considered the best.

The range of gifts offered by linden to humans is quite impressive:
— Fresh air, during flowering filled with an extraordinary honey aroma,
- improved soil,
- excellent construction wood,
- excellent ornamental wood, suitable for making household utensils and souvenir crafts,
- bast, unique for various crafts,
- an obedient and useful bast,
- healing Linden blossom(flowers and bracts) is used in medicine, in the perfume industry, in the production of cognacs and liqueurs, and also as a tea substitute,
- as a honey plant, linden has no equal in the domestic flora,
- the most valuable, fragrant honey,
— young leaves and blossoming buds are eaten in the spring, salads are prepared from them, and they are pickled.
- finally, the beauty of the tree itself.

In addition, linden feels confident in artificially created shelterbelts - it does not care about rain, drought or winds.

Linden is a beautiful park tree, which has long been used to create alleys and groves, and during last century it has also gained leadership in greening our cities. Linden was one of the few woody plants, which are able to withstand city noise and smog, as well as artificial night lighting harmful to plants.

By its nature, linden is a long-lived tree. On European territory, its average lifespan is about 400-600 years. In wild forests, some specimens live up to 1100-1200 years!

Under natural conditions, linden, pushing aside other species, develops new lands along river floodplains, gradually moving north: its natural plantings have already appeared in the Arkhangelsk region and even in the forests of Norway and Finland.

In areas favorable for its growth, linden thrives in a wide variety of species communities, getting along with the long-lived oak and with conifers intolerant of many species. At any opportunity, she does not give up leadership and can create continuous massifs on hundreds and thousands of hectares. The share of linden in mixed forests can reach more than 60%.

Linden, the main honey plant in the middle zone, has been greatly displaced by humans in European territories; it maintains its position on millions of hectares of land in the Volga region, some regions of Siberia and the Far Eastern Primorye. The famous 19th century geographer N.I. Rychkov, describing his impressions of visiting Bashkiria, noted that “... in Bashkiria there are many such farms that one Bashkir has thousands of two or more boards, from which they receive significant income" One can only envy the beekeepers of the 19th century...

On a sultry hot day it can be pleasant to relax in the shade of an old spreading linden tree - and beautiful tree, which has a lot of valuable properties and qualities. Do we often wonder what a tree like linden is?

Decorative species: dark green and begonial.

The species is widespread in the broad-leaved forests of Crimea and is a natural hybrid of Caucasian and small-leaved linden.

The height of the tree can be up to 20 meters. The crown is oval, dense. The branches are drooping.

The leaves are 12 cm, oval, dark green with outside and dull tufts of brown hairs on the inside, in the corners of the veins.

Flowering time is early June, duration is two weeks. Flowers have 3-7 pieces in an inflorescence.

A young tree grows slowly; as it matures, growth accelerates.

It is resistant to frost and drought, and easily tolerates shade.

Distributed in the forests of Europe, Ukraine, Moldova, and the Caucasus.
The trunk is up to 35 meters high and reaches a diameter of up to 6 meters. The crown is spreading and has the shape of a wide pyramid. Young shoots are brownish-red, pubescent, young shoots are glabrous.

The oval 14-centimeter leaves are fleecy, dark green on the outside, light on the inside, with hairs at the corners of the veins.

Flowering occurs in July, the flowers are yellow or cream, from 2 to 5 pieces in an inflorescence. Nut-shaped fruit round shape, ribbed.

The tree grows quickly and loves fertile soil. Moderately resistant to frost and gas contamination.

It is distinguished by its durability: it can live up to 500 years of age, some specimens live for more than a thousand years.

Decorative types of large-leaved linden: golden, grape-leaved, pyramidal, dissected.

Grows in the southern regions of the Far East.
The tree grows up to 20 meters. Often multi-stemmed, black bark, cracked.

Its crown has the shape of a wide oval. It has exceptionally large, up to 30 cm, leaves, pubescent on the underside.

It blooms in July, flowering lasts about three weeks. Flowers are 1-1.5 cm in diameter, powerful inflorescences, 8-12 flowers, drooping.

Did you know? Thanks to the drooping type of inflorescences, nectar is not washed away during rain, and bees can do their work even in rainy weather.

Densely pubescent nuts with a diameter of 1 cm ripen in August.

Very decorative tree with high frost resistance.

It grows in the Crimean-Caucasian region, in the European part of Russia, as well as in Siberia and Western Europe. Another name - heart-shaped linden - was given to the shape of the leaves.

Reaches 30 meters in height, the trunk is more than a meter in diameter, and is cylindrical in shape. The young bark is gray and smooth, the old bark darkens and becomes rough.

The diameter of the tent-shaped crown is 10-15 meters.

Did you know? The small-leaved linden has an interesting design: the upper branches grow upward, the middle ones approach a horizontal position, and the lower ones hang down to the ground.

The leaves are small (3-6 cm), heart-shaped, the upper part is green, shiny, the lower part is gray.

It blooms for about two weeks at the end of June or early July. The flowers are small, yellow-white, with 5 to 7 flowers in each inflorescence. The fruits, round smooth nuts, ripen by August.

An exceptionally frost- and drought-resistant tree, it loves fertile, light soil, but also improves it itself.

It grows slowly at first, 30 cm per year. Used for planting along alleys, in parks, good in single plantings and as a quality plant.

Life expectancy is more than 500 years.

Small-leaved linden and large-leaved linden have much in common in their biological characteristics, however there are some differences:

Small-leaved leaves bloom two weeks earlier;
small-leaved blooms two weeks later;
the large-leaved flowers are larger, but there are fewer of them in the inflorescence;
small-leaved is less demanding on soil fertility and quality;
large-leaved plants tolerate drought better;
large-leaved is more suitable for urban conditions.

Linden (Tilia x vulgaris Hayne)

This species is a natural hybrid of small-leaved and large-leaved lindens.
Its characteristics resemble the first one, but it has some differences:

blooms two weeks earlier than small-leaved linden;
grows faster;
more resistant to frost;
tolerates urban conditions better;
the leaves are larger, the crown is wider.

It grows in Western Siberia, loves solitude, but sometimes forms “linden islands” in forests, the description of which mentions the presence of aspens.
The growth reaches 30 meters, the trunk has a diameter of 2 - 5 meters. Young bark is brown, with scales, old bark is dark, with cracks.

The leaves are small, up to 5 cm long, round, green on top, light on the bottom, with hairs.

Flowering takes two weeks at the end of July. The flowers are white with yellowish tint and form a spherical ovary. The fruit is a pear-shaped nut with 1 to 3 seeds, ripens in September.

Loves moist soddy-podzolic soil with lime and light, tolerates shade. Completely incompatible with marshy soils. Accepts urban conditions favorably.

It grows slowly and is a long-livers: it can live for a thousand years.

It grows in East Asia, in deciduous subtropical forests.
The height of the tree is up to 20 meters, the young bark is smooth, brown, the old bark is grooved, dark. The crown is located high, has an oval shape, and is compact.

The leaves are small, 5-7 cm, oval, often symmetrical, green on the outside, bluish on the inside with hairs at the corners of the veins.

Flowering occurs in July or August for two weeks. The flowers are small (1 cm), collected in large numbers in drooping inflorescences.

The fruits - round, smooth, pubescent nuts - ripen by September.

Japanese linden grows slowly. It is frost-resistant and is an exclusively honey plant. Tea containing Japanese linden leaves is very valuable.

It is impossible to fit into the framework of one article everything that should be told about the linden - a wonderful and amazing tree, literally all parts of which benefit people. There are more than 40 varieties of it. Cultivated linden, the species of which are described in this article, is selected and used for various purposes in urban plantings and private farms.

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Stir-fry with beef, soy noodles, vegetables and Iceberg salad - a recipe for a quick dinner or lunch for busy man. It takes no more than 15 minutes to prepare, and you can feed it to a couple of hungry mouths that can’t bear to wait for a fancy lunch. Stir-fry is a method of quickly frying vegetables and meat that came to us from the east. Don't be upset if a wok is not among your kitchen utensils. A regular frying pan with a thick bottom and non-stick coating will do too.

Among plants that boast variegated foliage, alpinia claims to be not only the rarest, but also the most original culture. It simultaneously reminds of bamboos and calathea arrowroots, and sometimes even of vriesea. True, it resembles the latter only in its inflorescences. Luxurious leaves, most often covered with variegated contrasting stripes, look so modern that it is impossible not to admire the beauty of their impeccable patterns and shine.

Vegetarian cabbage rolls made from savoy cabbage with mushrooms - steamed cabbage rolls for dietary, vegetarian and lenten menus. Stuffed cabbage rolls are incredibly tasty, very appetizing, and, if applicable to food, beautiful, unlike their counterparts from white cabbage, stewed in a Dutch oven or fried in a frying pan. Savoy cabbage is tastier than white cabbage, the head is loose, it is easier to separate it into individual leaves. The color of the leaves ranges from soft green to emerald.

IN winter time Every summer resident is looking forward to spring and is happy to open the season with the first plantings of flowers and vegetable crops for seedlings. But, unfortunately, the space on the windowsill is limited, and it is not always possible to place it in the apartment required quantity seedlings in cups. In addition, some of the crops may simply not grow, some will die... And for us, summer residents, no matter how much we plant, it’s not enough! Therefore, almost every gardener buys at least some seedlings.

Growing annuals in the garden has at least two advantages over growing perennial flowers. Firstly, most popular annual plants bloom profusely throughout the growing season. Secondly, many annuals sow freely and appear in the garden year after year with minimal participation from the grower. Which annuals can be planted only once, and then, following simple techniques, can be seen in the garden every season?

You can make jellied meat and meat salad with onions from pork knuckle. The shank, especially the hind shank, is a very tasty and affordable part of the pork carcass that you can feed small company. A 2-kilogram shank will yield a bowl of meat salad and a large plate of jellied meat. There will still be some meat broth left over, which I advise you to use to cook cabbage soup or borscht. For this dish, we take a hind shank weighing from 1.7 to 2 kilograms; I advise you to ask the butcher for the meatiest one.

Eggplants require sunny but short days, medium-warm temperatures without sweltering heat, sufficient moisture, but without flooding the root system. Provide such conditions in open ground Most regions of Russia are quite difficult. That's why before eggplants grown only in protected soil conditions. With the development of selection, it became possible to grow eggplants in open ground not only in the southern regions, but also in middle lane.

Among predator plants, the sundew rightly claims to be the brightest and most expressive beauty. This plant attracts, first of all, its unusual textures and play of colors. But the feeding mechanism of this swamp and quite hardy miracle is so exotic that it is very easy to forget about sundews as plants, primarily ornamental ones. Sundews are quite demanding when it comes to humidity, but they are not that difficult to grow in ordinary living spaces.

Chocolate cake with custard made from simple and affordable ingredients turns out to be so delicious that rarely anyone limits themselves to one piece. The sponge cakes are moist and feel like they are made from real dark chocolate, even though the recipe only calls for cocoa powder. The creamy custard is delicate and light and goes well with chocolate sponge cake. All this splendor of flavors is complemented by coconut flakes, a simple ingredient, but in this recipe, like a cherry on the cake, it comes in handy.

Although the calendar spring begins in March, it is very difficult to call this month spring. But May is already a real long-awaited spring, filled with aromas and the multicolor of awakened nature. Fresh young leaves on trees and bushes attract the eye, yearning for greenery during the long months of winter. In May, the parade of primroses continues in the garden, delighting with variegated foliage and flowering ornamental shrubs, perennials, conifers are renewed.

In the middle zone, the shape of the grapes suggests the possibility of shelter on winter period, which means the guideline should be to keep the head of the bush at soil level. Even further north, one cannot count on a large harvest, but even for such areas there are their own pruning principles. The article discusses the sleeve-fan scheme for forming a grape bush, often used in the middle zone, and the cordon scheme, which has shown itself well in regions with a more severe climate.

Beef with eggplants with vegetable sauce in the oven is a simple, very tasty and not very high-calorie dish, which is quite relevant nowadays. The sauce is made from vegetables only, no flour, sugar, milk or cream. The meat is without fat, and yet it turns out juicy and tender. Can be replaced with chicken fillet or veal. The eggplants do not need to be fried first, just add a little salt to make them soft. I recommend preparing a light yogurt sauce for the finished dish.