You never know what surprises life will throw at you. Therefore it is worth it. We present to your attention a post by Boris Zak, a lover of travel, trail running and running in general (who, by the way, has already told us about his own). Today Boris will tell you about 10 ways to light a fire. Some of them will seem useful to you, and some will probably surprise you. :)
A little theory. What is fire?
Fire is the main phase of the combustion process, which is accompanied by the release of light and heat. Fire can occur for various reasons: heating, chemical reaction, exposure to electricity.
So, to start a fire we need combustible materials, oxygen and high temperature.
Method 1. Start a fire using a condom
The condom is truly a unique thing; I think that all travelers have long appreciated this multi-purpose item. So, take a transparent condom and fill it with water.
Starting a fire with a condom
We use it as a lens, focus the beam on pre-prepared dry grass or paper, a little patience, and now smoke appears.
Method 2. Pepsi can
We polish the bottom of the jar and use it as a reflector. We direct the beam onto a sheet of paper or dry grass.
The bottom of the jar is an excellent reflector Method 3. Photo frame and cling film
Take a photo frame and wrap it in cling film.
Frame wrapped in cling film Place the frame on the stand and pour water.
Carefully pour water That's it, the fire ignition installation is ready.
Ready! Method 4. Steel wool and mobile phone battery
Steel wool is a weave of very thin steel fibers that looks like regular cotton wool from a pharmacy. The steel itself is 98% iron and 2% carbon, the proportions may vary depending on the type of steel. We prepare a “nest” of dry leaves and grass, put cotton wool in it and run the battery contacts across the cotton wool several times.
Starting a fire using steel wool and a battery Method 5. Battery and chewing gum foil
AA battery and chewing gum foil Cut a strip of foil, fold it in half and sharpen the fold with scissors.
We apply the ends of the strip to the poles of the battery, and the main thing here is not to burn your fingers.
The same manipulations, only more clearly, are presented in the video.
Method 6. An interesting but expensive way to start a fire using IKEA products
Method 7. Ice
This method requires patience. Not only will you light a fire, but you will also stay warm. Take a piece of ice and, with light movements of the knife, shape it into lenses. Then we polish the surface of the lens with our hands.
Smooth ice works like a lens Well, every child knows how to start a fire with a lens.
Method 8. Chemical reaction
Sodium is a silvery-white metal, ductile, even soft (easily cut with a knife), a fresh cut of sodium shines in the air and easily oxidizes to sodium oxide. To protect against oxygen in the air, sodium metal is stored under a layer of kerosene.
Sodium reacts very violently with water: a piece of sodium placed in water floats up, melts due to the heat generated, turning into a white ball that quickly moves in different directions along the surface of the water; the reaction produces hydrogen, which can ignite. This experiment is also called "dancing fire".
Sodium + water Method 9. Flint
Sparks are struck using a flint. The tool is compact, lightweight and can be used in any weather. You can find a wide range of flints on the Internet. Which one you buy does not matter, the main thing is to learn how to use this gadget correctly.
Making sparks is not difficult, you just need to prepare good tinder. To do this, use dry, flammable material.
Method 10. Fire Piston
This pneumatic lighter was invented around 1770. It works on the same principle as a diesel engine. With strong compression, the air in the cylinder heats up to a temperature of over 300 ° C, which leads to the ignition of the tinder located at the end of the piston.
Fire Piston In order to achieve high temperature, you need a strong blow.
You will need:
The most ancient and the hard way- making fire by friction. Exist various techniques this process, but the most important thing is to choose the right type of wood for the board and rod. Poplar, juniper, aspen, cedar, willow or walnut are suitable for this role. Of course, for effective ignition we need dry wood.
The rod is placed in a small hollowed-out recess in the board and clamped between the palms. You need to quickly spin the stick around its axis, creating friction. In this case, the wood will begin to smolder, a spark will appear, and the resulting coals are already used to further ignite the fire.
Hand drill
Another primitive and rather difficult method.
In addition to a stick and a plank, we will need tinder. Collect dry leaves, grass, bark in a pile, build something like a bird's nest - this material will help us get fire from the coals.
You need to cut a v-shaped hole in the board, and make a small depression next to it, under which you place pieces of bark.
Place a rod about 60 cm long in the hole and begin to rotate it between your hands until signs of smoldering appear in the hole. Carefully fan the fire to red coals, then transfer them to the tinder and, adding dry twigs and pine cones, try to ignite a full flame.
Let’s say right away: the two options described above are a long, labor-intensive process that requires enormous patience. But it may happen that you don't have anything else at hand. In this case, the forest and this knowledge will help out.
The method is similar to the previous one, but much more effective and simpler. If you do everything correctly, you will very quickly achieve the required speed and pressure, which will allow you to get the coveted coals and start a fire even in a wet forest.
Your task is to make a bow drill. To do this, prepare planks, a rod, a deck and a bow. Now let's talk about everything in order. 
Look for a block or stone that we will need to apply pressure to the rod. The wood must be harder than the core.
For onions, use a strong and resilient vine, about the length of your arm. Rope, lace, leather belt and other durable material that is resistant to tearing are suitable as a bowstring. Pull the string onto the rod.
Next, prepare the fire board. Make a funnel and place the tinder under it. Then pull the string onto the rod so that you end up with a loop. Place one end of it into the cavity on the board, and press the other end with the block.
Now, in fact, the process itself that will help us make fire. Move the bow back and forth as if you were sawing. Rotate the rod quickly until coals appear. Throw the coals onto the tinder and blow gently.
When going on your next hike, take a flint with you. If you don’t have such a device, make it yourself - quartzite and a knife with a steel blade will be enough! 
Also search charcoal. Its main purpose is to smolder when struck by a spark. But for this purpose, any fabric and even moss that can smolder for a long time without fire will do.
How to use flint? Hold the flint between your fingers so that its tip protrudes 6-8 cm forward. Hold the ignition material between the flint and thumb. Now take a knife and hit the stone with it a couple of times. As a result of your actions, sparks will fall on the coal or fabric and begin to smolder. Place them in a tinder nest and blow on them. Then you can safely build your fire.
Jar and chocolate
Everything here is extremely simple. Run a chocolate bar along the bottom of an aluminum beverage or canned food can. Then wipe the bottom with a regular cloth. Chocolate is an ideal polishing agent and will make your jar shine like glass. You can use toothpaste instead of chocolate.
Once you completely polish the bottom of the jar, the sun's rays will be able to reflect off of it and create a focal point.
This principle is reminiscent of the operation of a telescope. Again, turn the surface towards the sun's rays and direct them to the tinder made, located 3-4 cm from the focal point. Soon the flame will appear.
True, the downside is that you don’t always have an aluminum can at hand. And we definitely eat the chocolate bar before the fire appears!
This is the easiest way to get fire, but it will only work in sunny weather. Many of you probably melted soldiers or set fire to newspapers with it as a child. Now, using a lens, magnifying glass, magnifying glass, glasses or binoculars, let's try to make a fire.
To speed up the process, moisten the surface with water.
Place the lens at the angle of sunlight, focusing the beam at one point. Place the tinder in this place and wait just a few minutes. 
As we already understood, the easiest way to create fire is with a lens. Unfortunately, it may not always be at hand, but a condom may well be lying around in the inner pocket of a real man. The same method can be taught to a child using an inflatable ball.
Fill the condom with water until it fits easily in your hand and is shaped like a sphere. Don't forget to tie the item tightly. 
Then squeeze the ball so that a direct beam of light passes through it. As a result, you will get two lenses of small diameter. The focal length will be shorter than that of real lenses, so you need to keep them at a distance of 5-7 cm from dry objects that should catch fire.
With ice
Water and fire are seemingly two completely opposite elements. However, it is quite possible to start a fire from a piece of ice. This method is especially relevant in winter weather.
It is advisable to use clean water so that the ice is transparent. If it contains specks, then you simply won’t succeed.
An icicle or piece will do pure ice from the river. You can also collect water from a reservoir or pre-melt the snow in your hands. 
Let the liquid freeze in a container. The resulting piece of ice should be about 5 cm in size. Then cut the lens in the center of the ice, polish and shape it. Point the lens at sunlight and wait for the result.
- For the first method, you will need a piece of foil - from chewing gum, chocolate, a pack of cigarettes, etc. Cut a short and narrow strip - about 1-1.5 cm - from the foil. Then shape it into a crescent shape so that the wide ends are just at the edges of the ribbon.
How less power batteries, the narrower the strip should be!
In the battery next to the pressing point, scrape a little of the surface down to the adhesive layer and fix one end of the foil on it. Place your hands over the tinder and press the other edge of the strip against the contact - the paper will flare up instantly.
- Another method requires a piece of animal hair. Form a strip of it 1 cm wide and about 15 cm long and rub it with the battery on the side where the contacts are. Ignition will occur quickly, so prepare tinder and wood for the fire first.
Spoon and toilet paper
Surely any tourist will have these items, namely: a spoon, a pot and toilet paper.
Roll the paper into a tight rope 3-4 mm thick and roll it between your palms to make something similar to a cigarette. Then coat one end with soot from the pot.
Now let's move on to the spoon. It needs to be slightly bent inward towards the handle, and the bed should be slightly flattened so that your reflection inside does not have strong distortions.
Catch a beam of light with a spoon and place the paper directly above it on the soot side. After a few seconds the tourniquet will begin to smoke. Wait until intense smoldering begins and start building a fire.
There is an ancient connection between man and fire. Every man should know how to start a fire. A real man knows how to do it without using matches. This is an important skill that can help you survive. You never know when you'll be faced with the need to start a fire and don't have any matches with you. For example, your plane may crash somewhere in the deep forests. Or you'll go camping and lose your backpack during a fight with a bear. But everything can be much more prosaic - even windy or damp weather can make matches completely useless. And it doesn’t matter at all whether this skill is useful to you, it’s so great to learn how to light a fire wherever and whenever you find yourself.
1. Making fire by friction
This activity is not for the faint of heart. And perhaps the most difficult. There are different rubbing techniques, but the deciding factor in any technique is the type of wood you will use for the board and rod.
A rod is a rod that is used to rotate and create friction. If, by rotating the rod, you create enough friction between it and the plank that the latter begins to smolder, then you can light a fire. The board is best made from poplar, juniper, aspen, willow, cedar, cypress or walnut wood.
Dry wood should be used for ignition.
Gimlet/hand drill
This is the most primitive method, primitive and very complex. All you need is wood, hands and unwavering determination.
- Build a nest from tinder. You will need to pour the coals that appear from friction into this nest. The nest can be made from anything that burns easily: dry grass, leaves and bark.
- Make a funnel. Make a funnel in the fire board into which the rod will then be inserted; under the funnel you can make a cavity for tinder.
- Place the bark under the funnel. Smoldering embers should be placed on the bark, which are formed due to the friction of the rod against wooden board.
- Start rotating the rod. Place the rod into the funnel on your board. The rod should be about 60 cm long. Press down on the board and begin to rotate the rod, holding it between your palms. Move your palms in quick rotating movements along the entire length of the shaft. Continue until smoke appears.
- Light a fire. When you notice smoke, tap the board so that the embers that appear fall on the bark. Transfer the bark to the nest.
2. Fire plow
- Cut a groove in the board. It will serve as a path for the rod.
- Rub. Place the end of the rod into the groove. Start by pressing the end of the rod along the groove.
- Light a fire. Place a tinder nest at one end of the board, and lift the board itself during friction so that the coals fall there.
3. Bow drill
This is perhaps the most effective method starting a fire. It allows you to achieve required speed and the pressure necessary for the appearance of embers and smoldering much faster and, accordingly, to build a fire faster. In addition to the rod and plank, you will need a block and a bow.
- Find the block. It will be needed to create additional pressure onto the rod that you will rotate with the bow. You can use a stone or another piece of wood as a block. For a wooden block, try to find a wood that is harder than the wood the core will be made from.
- Make a bow. The bow should be approximately arm length. To create it, use a flexible, slightly curved rod. It should be strong enough. Pull the string onto the rod and you're done.
- Prepare a fire board. Make a funnel and a cavity underneath for the tinder. Place the tinder directly under the funnel.
- Place the string on the shaft. Fold the string to form a loop and thread the rod through it. Place one end of the rod on a wooden board, and press the other end with a block.
- Start sawing. Using the bow, begin to quickly move it back and forth as if you were sawing. We can say that you have created a primitive mechanical drill. The rod must be rotated quickly. Continue sawing until embers appear.
- Light a fire. Drop the embers into the tinder nest and blow gently.
4. Flint (chair, flint, tinder)
This is an ancient technique. It never hurts to take a flint with you when going on a hike. Matches may become wet and unusable, but you can still get a spark using a flint and wood block.
If you don't have a flint with you, you can easily make one yourself, for this you will need quartzite and the steel blade of your folding knife. You carry a folding knife with you, don't you? In addition, you will need charcoal. Sparks will fall on the coal and it will smolder. If you don't have coal, use birch bark or tinder.
- Take flint and coal. Hold the flint between your thumb and forefinger. The tip of the flint should protrude 5-7 cm. Hold the coal between your thumb and the flint.
- Hit. Use the back of the knife blade. Hit the stone with it several times. The sparks from the impact should hit the charcoal, which in turn will begin to smolder.
- Light a fire. Place the coal in the tinder nest and blow gently.
5. Lenses
This is one of the most simple ways making fire. Any boy who has ever melted plastic soldiers knows how it works. If you've never melted your toy soldiers, then read on.
Regular lenses
To start a fire, you need lenses to let sunlight through. A magnifying glass, glasses or binoculars - anything will do. If the lens is moistened with water, the process of making fire will speed up. Position the lens at an angle so that sunlight hits it and the beam is focused in one place. Place a nest of tinder in the place where the beam falls, and very soon you will make yourself a fire.
The only drawback of this method is that it only works in sunny weather.
In addition to regular lenses, you can use some other items to make fire using this method.
Balls and condoms
Filling a balloon or condom with water turns it into a lens.
Pour water into a balloon or condom and tie it. At the same time, they should take on the shape of a sphere (as far as possible). Don't make them very large or you will have a hard time focusing the sunlight. Squeeze the ball so that it gives you a clear circle of light. Try squeezing the condom in the middle so that it forms 2 lenses of smaller diameter.
Balls and condoms should be kept about 5cm away from the tinder as their focal length is much shorter than lenses.
6. Fire from ice
The phrase reminds one of the themes school essay, but ice can actually help you start a fire. All you need to do is make a lens out of a piece of ice and use it like a regular lens.
- Use clean water. The ice should be transparent. If it is cloudy or has specks in it, you won't succeed. To get clear ice, pour water from a lake, pond, or simply put snow in a mug or some container. Let the liquid freeze. For this method to work, the piece of ice must be about 5 cm thick.
- Make a lens. Use a knife to cut a lens out of ice. Remember that the lens is usually thicker in the center than at the edges.
- Polish the lens. After shaping it, polish the lens with your hands. The warmth of your hands will melt the ice a little and make its surface smooth.
- Light a fire. Point the lens towards sunlight. Focus the beam on the tinder and wait for the fire to appear.
7. Aluminum can and chocolate bar
- Polish the bottom of the jar with chocolate. Just move the chocolate along the bottom of the jar. Then wipe the bottom clean with a piece of cloth. Chocolate - excellent remedy for a polish that will make the bottom of the jar shine like a mirror. If you don't have chocolate with you, toothpaste will also work. Repeat this several times.
- Light a fire. By polishing the bottom of the jar, you get a mirror. The sun's rays will reflect off the bottom and create a focal point. The operating principle is the same as in a telescope. Turn the bottom of the jar towards the sun. The rays, as in other cases with lenses, should be directed at the tinder. Place the tinder 2-3 cm from the focal point. The flame will appear in a few seconds.
Although it is very difficult to imagine how you could find yourself in the middle of nowhere with an aluminum can and a bar of chocolate, this method of making fire is simply wonderful.
8. Batteries and steel wool
As with the jar and the chocolate, it's hard to imagine not having matches, but having batteries and steel wool. But nothing can be known for sure. In the end, just for fun, you can do this at home.
- Pull out the fur. It is necessary to obtain a strip about 15 cm long and 1-2 cm wide.
- Rub the battery on the wool. Take the wool in one hand and the battery in the other. Any battery will do for this job, but it is best to use a 9-volt one. Rub the contact side of the battery on the wool. The latter will begin to smoke and eventually catch fire.
- Place the burning steel wool strip into the tinder nest. The strip burns out quickly, so hurry up.
But he didn’t tell me how to make fire in extreme conditions.
Starting a fire yourself is not always easy, even if you have matches. What to do if it rains in the forest? In this article I would like to talk about methods of making fire (both with ordinary matches, lighters, and somewhat extravagant methods). There are a great many of the latter, but I would like to make a reservation in advance: only really working methods will be indicated here, and/or those that are normal from the point of view of a healthy mind.
A simple example: in one of the films with Les Stroud, he starts a fire using shots from his rifle, namely, he disassembles the cartridge, installing tinder in place of the bullet and squeezing the cartridge case using a multitool. Agree, it is strange that a person has a rifle and a multi-tool, but does not have simple matches or flint. This is still nothing, but he fired about 10 rounds there, and in the worst case scenarios, 5(!) targets were hit. These methods of starting a fire are stupid and you will not see them in this article.
Making a fire using traditional methods
To begin with, I would like to talk about ways to start a fire using matches, lighters, and flint. Matches are a component of any survival kit; in almost every one of them you can find this small and effective remedy making fire. Eat Various types matches, namely:
- water/wind resistant
- ordinary
- matches with a long piece of wood
- greaseless matches.
Exist different kinds Factory-made water and windproof matches, which are known among us as "hunting" matches, some of them are really good, but they are much more expensive than regular ones. It’s better, by the way, to take several boxes (this applies to all matches): a couple for testing and preparation, others directly to NAZ.
You can also recommend foreign matches "Windproof Waterproof Survival Matches" NATO NSN: 9920-99-665-4243. They are packaged in a sealed plastic container. The chirkash for initiating matches is located outside the container and can get wet or damp, so if you wish, it is better to move it inside, or even better, add another chirkash cut from a matchbox.
Also interesting are the so-called strike-anywhere matches. They are ignited by friction against any hard surface (for example, a stone or a wall), and they can be identified by the double coloring of the head. Since they are sensitive to friction, they must be stored carefully.
There are also regular matches, but it is better not to put them in NAZ without additional processing.
One of the simplest, and at the same time the best ways Processing of matches includes waxing. Matches are dipped into melted paraffin for a few seconds, no more (the paraffin should lie on the match thin layer). These matches burn longer and stronger than regular ones. You can also coat the head of a match with varnish, and, if necessary, remove this varnish by friction, for example against the same stone or a knife blade, but this method has fallen into oblivion because it is inconvenient and impractical.
It is better to store these and any other matches in airtight containers. Previously, for example, a case for 35mm film was popular, but now it’s difficult to get. Therefore, many reputable survivalists advise keeping matches in sealed plastic envelopes.
They are usually done. Take two pieces plastic film, and are sealed along three edges (put them between two sheets of paper, leaving a free edge of 1-2 centimeters, and go over it with an iron or soldering iron. Or you can weld the edges in the flame of a match). Place matches in this container (several, along with chirkash or a whole box), and weld the last edge. Sealed and convenient. You can also wrap the matches in waxed paper and put them in this container - you will have excellent tinder.
There are also factory containers, many of which already have chirkash, and some models have a small flint on the outside below.
Tinder- any material that ignites from a single spark. It could be birch bark, dry leaves, dry grass, or reeds that grow along the banks (or rather, its upper part); in general, there are a lot of options. Tinder is convenient: you ignite it, and the whole fire flares up from it. Many people recommend not relying on natural tinder, but also carrying your own tinder - a small box with burnt cotton wool or cotton wool soaked in Vaseline.
You can also carry lighters. There are a great variety of lighters:
- gas
- gasoline
- alcohol
You can take both gas and gasoline/alcohol ones, but it is important not to take cheap Chinese ones - they won’t light a fire. I also strongly recommend carrying a couple of spare flints with you for your lighter, because they can light a fire if something happens. Long ago, the UT magazine even published a recipe for such a “fiery pencil”: instead of a lead, flints from lighters were inserted into an ordinary pencil. When such a pencil was held against a hard surface, a spark was struck, which ignited the tinder.
You can also use a flint to start a fire. Flint represents metal plate(often with a notch, like a file) and round section a block (flint) of magnesium or a pyrophoric alloy. The latter is most often used, but if you have a flint with a firebox made of a pyrophoric alloy (most often it is mischmetal - an alloy of iron, magnesium, cerium and some lanthanides), then you can simply buy a separate magnesium block for kindling (available on sale).
How to work with flint is shown in the figure
There are also various eternal matches, so-called. Lebedev Lights, ready-made kindling, but absolutely anyone will tell you that this is all nonsense, and none of this will be useful to you. The eternal match is fueled with gasoline, but the sparks it produces are not powerful enough, it is difficult to use, and the price is high. Lebedev's fire is simply ready-made kindling, which also needs to be set on fire, and many people carry it solely for one plus - this kindling cannot be extinguished until it burns itself... But the price outweighs this plus. For such purposes, it is recommended to have at least a couple of tablets of dry alcohol in your NAZ - this is an excellent kindling, and it is quite cheap, and it itself, for example, in dry rations is packaged in an airtight container along with chirkash and “hunting” matches, which is incredibly convenient.
We need to summarize. The following ignition means are recommended for NAZ:
- At least two boxes of water- and wind-resistant matches (hunting). If you don’t have them, you can put waxed, hermetically sealed regular matches (although it is recommended to put them in addition to hunting matches).
- Several lighters with a supply of flints for them.
- Flint.
- A supply of tinder (burnt cotton wool in a sealed box).
Starting a fire using unconventional methods
But what if you don’t have a NAZ (either your NAZ doesn’t have them, or they’ve run out), there are no stores with matches, and you yourself are caught in an emergency situation? A fire can be started in other ways. In this part you will learn how to make fire by friction and without matches.
Method No. 1. Chemical reaction.
The fire can be lit as a result of the reaction of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) and glycerin, or by rubbing the same potassium permanganate and sugar. Moreover, in the first case the fire will be at the beginning yellow color, but then it will become normal (interaction with oxygen will begin). The method is somewhat strange, but it works, and many NAZs have potassium permanganate (it is an excellent means for disinfecting water and for many other things).
Method No. 2. Fire by friction.
You can effectively get fire using the so-called. " hand drill" Make a bow by tying a rope or string to the ends of a stick. Using a bow and a stick, which you will rotate with this bow, begin to drill a hole in a piece of wood. As a result of friction, there will be a kind of black dust, similar to fine coal. When this powder begins to smolder (due to friction), it must be transferred to tinder prepared in advance. It is important that the tinder and wood are dry, otherwise nothing will work.
See the picture for more details.
Method number 3. Fire using a car battery.
However, you can use any other battery. Short-circuit the two wires coming from the negative and positive terminals. Light the tinder from the resulting electric arc.
Perhaps the most ancient and reliable way make fire in wildlife- use dry wood. Remember how Tom Hanks scrubbed his hands until they bled in the movie Cast Away? In fact, such sacrifices are not at all necessary.
First, dig a small hole in the ground to allow air flow. After this, take a dry flat piece of wood and drill a small hole in it - this can be done with an ordinary sharp stone. All that remains is to find a long thin stick that will act as a drill and sharpen one of its ends. You will also need to collect some tinder - the smallest wood chips, tiny pieces of bark and bird fluff will do, as long as all materials are dry. Now simply place the tinder in the recess, press it with the sharp end of the “drill” and begin to rotate it in measured, sharp movements, applying as much force as possible. If the flow of oxygen is stable, the tinder will soon begin to smolder - all that remains is to carefully fan the coals and place them in the prepared kindling. Voila, you've got fire!
Flint
Modern flint consists of steel, flint and tinder. Kresal is any pyrophoric material. Previously, ordinary iron was used for these purposes, but over time special alloys appeared, the most popular of which is currently ferrocerium - an alloy of iron, cerium, lanthanum and lanthanides. The principle of operation of the flint is extremely simple: when it hits the flint, it removes thin chips, which in the process heat up and ignite - this phenomenon is akin to a grinding stone that produces sparks during sharpening. So you will need a piece of ordinary flint, an iron surface and a little skill - sooner or later dry tinder will definitely catch fire.
Lens
This method is familiar to many of us from childhood. In sunny weather, making a fire with it is as easy as shelling pears: just pick up correct angle and focus Sun rays on flammable material, and it will quickly heat up to combustion temperature. The obvious disadvantage of glass is that it is completely useless in cloudy weather.
No glass? Just take a soda can and polish it with chocolate. The fat contained in it will make the metal smooth and turn it into a miniature parabolic mirror that perfectly reflects the sun's rays. Even ordinary ice can be polished into a lens that focuses ultraviolet radiation - this will help you not freeze if you are left without matches in winter. You will need a piece of ice approximately 5-7 cm thick, the edges of which should be slightly thinner than the convex middle. You can polish the ice with a piece of rough cloth or even with your hands.
Battery
You will need some natural wool, as well as a battery (optimal power - 9 W). Simply stretch the wool and start rubbing it with the head of the battery. Steel wool or wool is also suitable for these purposes. As a result of friction, the wool will heat up and ignite, all that remains is to put it in the fire.
Chemistry
If you are lucky enough to go on a hike with a set of chemically active substances, then they can come to the rescue. Here are the three most popular compounds that ignite when mixed:
- Potassium chlorate and sugar (3 to 1)
- Potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate, familiar to everyone) and glycerin
- Potassium permanganate and antifreeze
It is worth noting that in in this case It is necessary to strictly observe safety precautions and prevent contact of the body with reagents.
