Make it so that modern house looked like a structure from the last century or even in the style Ancient Rome or Greece? Or just give it originality and beauty? Both are not a problem thanks to decorative elements for the facade of the house. Variety of choices, excellent performance characteristics and relatively low cost have made façade stucco molding made of polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam a popular material for decorating house facades. Let's figure out what it is and how to make a choice from the variety of offers from selling companies.
Thus, they are perceived and understood during the Renaissance and after it, all derived architectural traditions. Description of Orders Doric Greek art lacks a base, but is often added to later. The shaft formed by drums connected without mortar is wider at the bottom, the expansion is called an octave. This course runs longitudinally through a series of grooves cut with a sharp edge, that is, with corners meeting at the edge. The capital has three elements, a collar, a horse and an abacus on it.
The entablature is divided into architrave, frieze and cornice. The smooth architrave ends only with a frame decorated at regular intervals. On the architrave lies a frieze consisting of triglyphs and metopes. Tuscan This is an order of Etruscan origin developed by the Romans that maintains a close connection with Doric. It usually has a base and smooth shaft, and the capital consists of abaci and horses, although with less flight.
Production of facade decor
Decorative elements For the façade of houses, they were previously made primarily of plaster. It was a long, labor-intensive process that would now cost exorbitant amounts of money if you decided to order something like this for the entire façade or entire house. Fortunately, modern materials allowed us to produce no less beautiful, durable finished products that will fit perfectly into any era and style you need - from Baroque or Rococo to antiquity.
Ionic More stylized, it has a base made of bull and tape, the shaft has grooves with reduced edges. The capital consists of spiral scrolls and horses, much smaller than Doric ones, decorated with caviar. In the entablature, the architrave is divided into three stripes, and the frieze is continuous and decorated with reliefs.
Corinthium Shaft, base and entablature similar to ionic; it is only significantly different in capital, more elongated, consisting of one object, decorated with protruding acanthus leaves. The capital is separated from the rampart by a curved collar molding called an astragalus.
Polyurethane elements are created using polymer materials. Their advantages:
- strength;
- ease;
- simple installation;
- any patterns and curves.
A facade decorative cornice made of polyurethane foam costs from 800 rubles for 2 linear meters.
The largest manufacturer of such products in the Russian Federation is Europlast. 
Giant, order covering more than one floor of windows. They are typical of the classical language imposed by the Renaissance. Architectural Cover Architectural cover is an element or set of elements that encloses and encloses a structure at the top and protects it from the elements. The main function is impermeability, laminar elements, which, when placed with a certain slope, evacuate water in the shortest possible time. The term applies to both the external and internal parts, in exterior decoration, for sloping roofs, materials such as tiles, slate, zinc sheet and lead sheet are used; while flat roofs can carry many finishes.
The most popular modern decor for building facades - from foam plastic. This material allows you to produce products of absolutely any configuration at low cost. Its advantages:
- a light weight;
- strength;
- resistance to temperature changes;
- simple installation;
- absence visible joints between elements;
- affordable price;
- Products with additional coating become even more durable.
A facade decorative cornice made of polystyrene foam costs from 600 rubles per 2 linear meters. It is possible to buy cheaper for interior decoration, without cover. 
Roofs have different types: armor, vaults and domes; they can also be flat. The roofs are traditional wooden truss was replaced metal truss, the triangular shape of which allows you to get a roof prone to two or more waters. They ask to be different types according to the disposition of their parts, and therefore according to the efforts which they support, we have. A parasitic structure in which the slanted beams rest on the top of the head on the edge of the longitudinal coronation beam, and the bottom in the cross tack that unites them, preventing the opening of the triangle, which in turn is supported in the wall by a wooden coronation beam of the same itself and intermediate parts.
Decor made of fiberglass is less popular. However, light material in work and no less beautiful than those described above. Its advantages:
Decorative elements made of polymer concrete (quartz sand, crushed stone, polyester resin and other fillers) is another popular trend of this century. The main difference from the materials described above is the skillful appearance that imitates a natural stone, but with physical parameters superior to it. The products themselves weigh little and do not require additional reinforcement of the foundation or facade, are easy to install and can be manufactured according to the customer’s sketch.
The reinforcement is completed with straps on which the table and the outer body of the deck are placed, and which forms sloping fabrics or skirts. There may be a vertical figure that runs from the row to the tie, which is called a bow tie, and other slanted strings or jabalones that subdivide the truss into smaller triangulations. When the horizontal beam is placed at a third of the triangle's height, a pair and a chest are used. The covering of the roof can be done under the knuckles, obtaining three skirts arranged in a trapezoidal shape, if two skirts are placed more on the smaller sides, the armor is indicated by trough or limes, since the intersection is carried out with the help of some beams called limes or balls.
Polymer concrete is often used to make not only façade decor, but also free-standing columns and railings for stairs. 
Tile finishing of buildings is often used in oriental styles registration It is resistant to humidity and temperature changes. Materials such as granite or marble are also often used, but due to the high price they are not as popular as products made from foam plastic, polyurethane, fiberglass or polymer concrete. 
When there is only one file for each edge, the structure gets the filename, and if it has two, the filename is files. All these wooden structures are used to construct cofferdams. It is often determined by the projection of an arch: a vault can be created by rotating or translating an arch or shifting it along an axis, by the intersection of two vaults, or by the intersection of several arches. Vault elements: The vault consists of several parts: dovels, wedge-shaped pieces, usually in a radial order. The key, the central lock, which locks the vault, the largest part of the curve.
Advantages of modern facade decor
Main advantages facade decor from modern materials:
Choice of façade decor
When choosing façade decor from polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam, you should take into account the general style of the house (architecture) and its division. It can be vertical or horizontal. Using a large number of elements of both types makes the house oversaturated with them, which kills the beauty and harmony of the building.
Nerves are independent arcade arcs. Starter or salmers, holes in storage loading lines. The seat or supports, parts of walls or pillars on which the storage unit rests. Light, distance between supports. The arrow is the height of the storage from the key to the starting line. Kidney, the area between the key and the boot.
A front wall that encloses a storage unit at its open portions or fronts. Luna, an opening that was practiced in a vault by another vault that intersected with it. The barrel seal acts in the same way as the bow, and that, and side walls must be strengthened along its path; vaults with structural arches transverse to the ships, supported on pillars or groups of pillars or pilasters attached to the walls. Continuous load system load-bearing walls makes the number of holes that can be opened limited.
Architects advise using horizontal division of a building in cases where it is necessary to create the impression of solidity and monumentality. Excellent when the building has a low number of floors and a long facade. 
Buildings with a short façade, but big amount floors, it is better to decorate them with vertical decor. This will visually lengthen and lighten the overall composition. 
First appearing in Ancient Egypt and the Middle East, it was fundamental to Romanesque architecture, although it had already been widely used since Roman times. The Romans discovered that with him they could open large holes or even support them on four pillars, leaving the four faces free to continue adding vaulted space.
Traditional arched vaults turn their collisions into structural nerves on which they support the shafts of the vaults, with no structural function, allowing heavy arches to become light main nerves or former arches. In these pillars, where the nerves of the deck converge, all efforts are concentrated in a timely manner, the horizontal ones are assembled by flying buttresses, innovative elements characteristic of gothic architecture. The tissues between the nerves, called pleasant tissues, can form a solid set or be independent.
The simultaneous use of vertically and horizontally oriented decor is acceptable, but this requires a well-prepared, well-thought-out composition that will give the building greater expressiveness.
Horizontal details of façade decor include:
- fillets;
- belts;
- cornices;
- consoles;
- friezes;
- grooves;
- shelves;
- architrave;
- window sills;
- horizontally oriented ceilings of windows and doors.
Vertical details of façade decor include:
The ribbed vault is known as the sexpart, third to star vault, and fan or membranous vault. Large alloy arch vaults were designed and built with frames and support materials such as glass. The great design difference with the vault is that its thrust is equal around the entire circular perimeter of the origin.
Essentially the domes were built of stone, although there are varieties of wood; common in Baroque architecture are dome domes. To solve the transition from square area to the round base of the dome, two elements were used: tubes and pendants. In addition, the dome can be mounted on a drum, which allows for increased height and opens up openings for lighting. There may be a flashlight on the dome key. The dome would evolve in parallel with improvements in the quality of concrete, to the massive massive dome of the Pantheon in Rome.
- columns;
- piers;
- pilasters;
- vertically oriented ceilings of windows and doors.
When choosing facade decor, it is also worth remembering the location of the building. For example, for urban houses it is customary to use more vertically oriented elements. Decor country cottages has no traditions. Most often, their decoration is based on the artistic preferences of the owner and the desire to hide some imperfections or close bridges of cold. 
After the Romans, the Byzantines systematically imposed domed roofs on pechinas on their religious buildings. Byzantine churches, which followed the Santa Sophia model on a small scale, spread throughout their vast empire. From this Byzantine taste, Russian orthodoxy rose to onion or native domes, orthodox influence was transferred to Persian architecture and more eastern regions, as evidenced by the iconic domes of the Taj Mahal of Agra. Islamic architecture retains the Roman constructive technique, in addition to the symbolism and admiration of domed spaces, its technical innovations are consistent with the caliphate dome or crossed arches developed during the Caliphate of Cordoba, and to its decorative taste, the use of mocar domes, gallonade domes and dome domes.
Stucco molding
A separate element of decoration of building facades is stucco. It can be made of stone (even artificial), concrete, gypsum, fiberglass, polymer concrete, polyurethane or polystyrene. The last 4 materials are lighter compared to the first three. However, appearance Some similar elements will look the same on a building regardless of the materials used, which is why lightweight modern materials for making façade decor have become so popular now. Moreover, they do not require reinforced walls and “adjustment” of the installation site. 
But the construction of domes has been a difficult problem to save throughout architectural history. During the Middle Ages, Roman techniques were lost, although dungeons appear in Romanesque churches. The cover of the Pantheon of Rome was indicated as a model, but the similarity between them is only in their size; they are almost the same diameter. In the Pantheon, its dome rests on huge cylindrical walls, while Florence's dome must be raised in the middle of an already built church, and Brunelleschi places it on an octagonal drum, leaving it suspended in the air.
Moldings
Horizontally oriented decorative elements include such a large group as moldings. This:
- door and window frames;
- crowns;
- cornices;
- window sills
They help to zone the surface of the building and give it a finished look. In appearance, these are convex planks with a section or several. Can be used to decorate walls, arches, ceilings, doors, windows, etc.
The construction system is also different, the Pantheon is a continuous surface of lightweight concrete and brick, and Florence is a double dome. After Brunelleschi's experience, the dome as a centralizing structural element of significant space is superimposed throughout later architecture.
Michelangelo projected the Vatican dome a century later as a sculpture, the center of the building and symbolically unitary and central element Christianity. The dome was used in civil buildings with the same intentions. New materials made it possible to achieve new and impressive advances in the construction of domes.
Decoration of window openings and doors
The design of any types of openings greatly influences the overall impression of the building's facade. So that the window has beautiful view outside, its height should be made 1.5-2 times the width. The format can be done as follows:
Installation of facade decor
Installation of façade elements begins with their preparation. It is necessary to arrange all the elements in places for clarity in accordance with the plan diagram. Even if these are parts from 1 set, they may need to be trimmed to fit the dimensions of your opening or house.
Architectural decoration Throughout the history of architecture, materials and techniques have tended to be concealed through decorative forms or with coverings of plaster, veneer or painting. Most of the stone architecture of Egypt, Greece or India survives as decorative elements, which were architectural elements in wooden structures. Traditionally, the main sources of the decorative repertoire are nature and geometry. The sheer variety of elements used throughout history makes them difficult to define.
Before installing any façade elements, facade preparation will be required: plastering and priming or sanding in those places where it is necessary to level the surface.
Instructions for further installation step by step:
For decorative parts that protrude 10 cm or more from the wall, it is necessary to make metal covers to prevent moisture from entering. They must be sealed! Most often this is required for window sills.
Simple Geometry: When there is an indefinite or limited repetition of a motif or alternation of some, it is usually placed in moldings and carabiners. Dentures, checkered, zigzag, diamond tips, etc. Simple circular motifs: drop, pearls, eggs, etc.
Complex geometric: when the motifs are intertwined, maintaining rhythm and symmetry. Arabic decorations: arabesque, laseria, mokara, sebka. Gothic motifs - circular motifs: folio and pattern. Very repeated in Roman architecture and in the Renaissance: the mansion.
Animal and human: pyracan, lion, griffins, chimeras, claws. Also, a needle and a flashlight can simply be decorative finishing elements. The role of the decorative arts in conveying the meaning of architecture is fundamental, not only providing a more specific means of communication, but also in many architectural styles determines the nature of mass and space.
The video will help you understand more clearly how to install decor for facades:
The hard work of stone carvers and plasterers who decorated palaces with intricate ornaments is a thing of the past. Today, any person who does not belong to a noble family has access to ready-made elements architectural decor. They give the building a luxurious look, pleasing the eye with the exquisite beauty of the classical style.
What are decorative elements for the facade of a house, what are they called and what are they made from. We will answer all these questions in our article.
Element names
Without knowing the terminology used to refer to facade decor, it is impossible to have a competent conversation with the designer, designer and seller. Therefore, it will be useful for the developer short course familiarity with the generally accepted names of its elements. Each of them must stand in a specific place, contributing to the appearance of the structure.
So, the architectural decor of the facade includes the following basic details:
- Baluster ( vertical element stair railing);
- Basement cornice (horizontal strip projection);
- Column base;
- Column trunk;
- Column capital (upper part);
- Sandrik (cornice above the window opening);
- Rusts (wide rectangular overlays on the corners of the walls);
- Interfloor cornice (molding);
- Bracket (supporting element of the window sill);
- Arch;
- Castle (protrusion at the top of the arch, simulating a capstone);
- Pilaster (a flat rectangular projection of the wall, repeating the proportions of the column);
- Platband (vertical protrusion on the window opening);
- Socket (round wall trim);
- Pattern (flat or three-dimensional ornament on the facade);
- Panel (narrow linear framing element);
- Frieze (a strip framing or crowning various elements of the facade).
Facade decoration materials
Decorative facade stucco molding is made from the following materials:
- Casting plaster;
- Polymer concrete;
- Expanded polystyrene (foam);
- Polyurethane foam.
Facade decor made of gypsum is used quite rarely today. There are several reasons for this:
- The large weight of gypsum parts complicates installation;
- High price;
- Low resistance of gypsum to atmospheric influences.
Attempts to improve the properties of decor made with gypsum binder led to the creation of polymer concrete. In this material, the role of the connecting base is not gypsum, but a polymer composition. It makes finishing elements resistant to moisture and reduces their cost. To reduce weight, polymer concrete stucco molding is not made solid, but in the form of a hollow or thin-walled profile. To increase resistance to cracking, it is protected with a layer of fiberglass.
Foam facade decor is in high demand today. It is lightweight, inexpensive and quick to install. The disadvantages of the material include fragility and short service life up to overhaul(6-8 years old). Without good outer covering foam decor can collapse over several seasons. Due to its low density, it deforms under the hot rays of the summer sun. To protect polystyrene foam, manufacturers use acrylic-based coatings. They extend its service life to 15-20 years. At the same time, the cost of processed products increases significantly.
Polyurethane foam has proven itself better than others as a façade decor. It is dense and resistant to external influences material. It is more durable than polystyrene foam, but has a higher price. Facade decor made of polyurethane foam does not absorb moisture, does not crack or crumble. The service life of stucco molding made from this polymer reaches 30 years, and all its maintenance consists of periodic tinting (once every 10 years).
Approximate prices
Due to the wide variety of facade decor, it is not possible to conduct a full-scale price comparison within the framework of a short article. Therefore, we will illustrate the cost differences between gypsum, polymer concrete, foam and polyurethane foam stucco using the example of the simplest smooth-drawn cornice profile.
The average price for such an element cast from gypsum is from 1200 to 1800 rubles per 1 linear meter.
A polymer concrete cornice 1 meter long will cost the buyer from 800 to 950 rubles.
For the same facade profile, but made of foam plastic, sellers ask from 180 to 260 rubles.
Facade decor made of polystyrene foam with protective coating more expensive than “naked” (from 300 to 600 rubles).
Facade cornices made of polyurethane foam are sold at prices from 1100 to 2600 rubles per 1 m/p.
Installation features
Regardless of the type of façade decor, its installation requires the use of two types of fastening: adhesive (chemical) and mechanical. Such reinsurance will not be superfluous, since under the influence of temperature the molded elements (cornices, paneling, frieze, platbands) experience significant deforming loads. Assembly adhesive, even the highest quality, requires the help of a steel anchor or dowel.
Source - http://penoprofil.ru
In general, installation of facade elements is carried out in the following sequence:
- Prepare the base (clean, dry and level);
- Markings are carried out (using a plumb line and a level, vertical and horizontal installation lines are applied to the facade).
- The decor is fixed to the base. To do this, apply a layer to the back side of each product with a notched trowel. mounting adhesive and press it firmly against the surface of the facade. Gaps of 2-3 mm are left between adjacent elements.
- Having glued the part, it is reinforced with facade dowels. The fastener caps are recessed into the product by 3-4 mm, after which the excess glue that has protruded to the surface is removed with a spatula.
- After the glue has dried, the joints are processed special composition for sealing seams. After 2-4 days (at air temperatures above +20C), the seams are sanded.
- The final finishing consists of priming and painting the decor. To increase the service life of massive elements of facade stucco molding (cornices, arches), ebbs made of metal or plastic are placed above them.
Examples of buildings with various elements of facade decor
The statement that façade decor transforms a building is not an exaggeration. You can verify this by looking at photographs of finished objects.
This photo does not show the abundance of decorative stucco. However, the contrasting highlighting of the rustics and window frames in white pleasantly enlivens the gloomy brick façade.
Columns and balustrades, rustications and cornices - basic elements for decorating a facade in a classic architectural style.
When using patterned stucco molding of the Europlast type, it is important to take precautions so as not to disturb the visual balance of other decorative elements. In the attached photo, the architect managed to do this.
The entrance to the building needs the greatest attention. Its finishing determines the choice of other elements of façade decor.
Even a small building, skillfully decorated with facade decor, visually increases in size, becoming solid and noble.
