In the article, we discuss the clefthoof - its variety is the European clefthoof, description, places where the clefthoof grows, the chemical composition and medicinal properties... You will learn how to use a decoction of clefthoof for alcoholism, whether it will help with cancer and how this plant attracts landscape designers.
Clefthoof (Asarum) - herbaceous flowering evergreen family Kirkazonovye (Aristolochiaceae). In Russia, the most widespread species is the European or European hoofedhoof (Asarum europaeum).
Clefthoof synonyms - vomit root, wild pepper, emetic, earthen incense, hare root, core, hernia, fever grass, vomit, wine root, clefthoof, chicken paw, undergrowth, turpentine root, black buttercup, dry aquarius.
What does it look like
Appearance(photo) Clefthoof European hoof is herbaceous perennial with a branched cord-like rhizome. At the clefthoof, the height is from 10 to 15 cm. The short creeping stems of the plant end in two hoof-like leathery leaves that cover the ground with a solid glossy dark green carpet.
Bell-shaped flowers with a diameter of less than 10 mm form at the tops of each stem each spring. Due to their size, they are rarely seen on the clefthoof of the European photo. Clefthoof flowers have an original color - brownish-green on the outside and reddish-brown on the inside, as well as a unique vanilla smell. It is he who attracts the main pollinators of the plant - ants.
After pollination of the hoofed grass, a fruit appears - a hexagonal capsule with a huge number of small wrinkled seeds.
Where grows
The European hoof is a shade-loving plant that prefers clay and loamy soils, rich in humus. Where does the European clefthoof grow:
- deciduous and spruce-deciduous forests;
- thickets of hazel;
- spruce, aspen and birch forests in the north.
The clefthoof has a European distribution area - the European part of Russia, the south of Western Siberia, Ukraine, Belarus and Altai.
Clefthoof root
In medicine, the root and leaves of the clefthoof are used.The plant is almost completely considered a medicinal raw material, however, in folk medicine clefthoof root and its leaves are used.
Chemical composition
At the roots of the clefthoof, medicinal properties and contraindications are due to the unique chemical composition:
- glycosides of the cardiac group;
- alkaloid asarin;
- tannins;
- resinous substances;
- slime and tar;
- starch;
- organic acids;
- essential oils;
- flavonoids;
- phenolcarboxylic acids.
Healing properties
European Clefthoof root has a broad pharmacological effect:
- expectorant;
- emetic;
- hemostatic;
- calming;
- anti-inflammatory;
- laxative;
- antipyretic;
- diuretic;
- anti-sclerotic.
Clefthoof root is used to treat scabies, purulent ulcers and wounds. It regulates the activity of the stomach and menstrual cycle, helps with cystitis, nephritis, radiculitis, jaundice, hypotension, dropsy, migraine, heart failure, malaria, eye diseases, epilepsy, neurosis and hysteria.
The root of the clefthoof received great fame from alcoholism - the reviews of those who have undergone a course of treatment with a decoction of the clefthoof indicate its high efficiency.
How to collect
In the recipes of medicines based on the European clefthoof, the instructions for use include only dried raw materials. The plant contains a dangerous organic compound terpenoid asarone. V large quantities it causes the death of a person. Drying the clefthoof root significantly reduces the amount of asarone.
If you want to dry the plant yourself, follow the recommendations:
- Start harvesting roots in the fall or in early spring.
- Sort the raw materials, rinse thoroughly and cut into pieces.
- Spread the roots out on a clean bedding under a canopy or in an area that is well ventilated and out of rain.
- After drying, store raw materials in paper bags or glass jars with tight-fitting lids.
- If it is not possible to dry the roots on outdoors, put them on a baking sheet and dry in the oven at a temperature of up to 50 ° C.
Some recipes require the herb, the clefthoof, or rather the leaves and flowers. Collect them in May during the flowering period until mid-June. Sort the leaves, remove the spoiled ones, and dry in the shade just like the roots. Store separately from the roots.
How to apply
Most often, the European clefthoof is used to treat alcoholism. The effect of therapy resembles an action drugs- alcohol blockers. When a person drinks alcohol at the same time as taking the plant, he begins to vomit violently. After several such techniques, a persistent reflex is created in the alcoholic - he feels unwell due to the mere taste and smell of alcohol.
If you properly prepare and use European clefthoof for alcoholism, reviews say that a persistent aversion to alcoholic beverages occurs in a couple of days. Although the timing of the appearance of this effect is individual in each case.
Also, a decoction or tincture of clefthoof is popular in the treatment of cancer. In this case, it must be combined with taking a cocktail decoction and do not start treatment without first consulting a doctor.
Decoction for alcoholism
Clefthoof decoction causes a persistent aversion to alcohol The most popular drug recipe is a decoction of European clefthoof from alcoholism based on dried root. It has the highest amount of bitter essential oil that causes the gag reflex.
Before brewing a clefthoof for alcoholism, make sure that children and other family members do not have access to the broth. Add liquid to drinks or food at the strictly specified dosage. Do not make too much decoction of the hoofed plant from alcohol and do not store it for a long time.
Keep in mind that vomiting will only start when the person takes alcohol. It doesn't matter where you mixed the root - in cognac, wine, vodka, coffee, soup, porridge or roast. If an alcoholic drinks even a glass of alcohol on the same day, he will feel bad. If he just drinks the hoofed tea, he will feel good all day.
Ingredients:
- Clefthoof root - 1 tablespoon
- Water (boiling water) - 220 ml.
How to cook: Chop the roots of the plant, cover with boiling water, put the dishes on low heat and simmer for 5-7 minutes. Remove the dishes from the stove, cover and leave for 60 minutes, then strain the drink through cheesecloth.
How to use: Add 2 tbsp. for 500 ml of liquid or 500 g of food.
Result: Clefthoof root from alcoholism when mixed with alcoholic beverage will cause nausea and vomiting. After a few days, the constant gag reflex causes a persistent aversion to alcohol.
Claw grass from drunkenness is also effective and helps a person to quickly quit drinking. Try to make a clefthoof wine tincture for alcoholism.
Ingredients:
- Clefthoof grass - 1 tsp
- Fruit skin walnut- 2 tsp
- Wine - 4 liters.
How to cook: Grind the herb of the plant and the skin of the walnut fruit. Stir the ingredients and pour in 1 tsp. mixtures with wine. Insist 21 days.
How to use: Give 1 glass 60 minutes before meals 1-2 times a day.
Result: Grass clefthoof from alcoholism weakens a person's craving for alcohol, reduces his alcohol dependence and heals the body.
Broth for oncology (from cancer)
At the 4th stage of cancer, an infusion of hoofed grass helps if it is combined with cocklebur decoction. Store this product for no more than 2 days. Be careful with the dosage and preparation schedule, as the plant is poisonous.
Ingredients:
- Clefthoof grass - 1 tablespoon
- Water - 1 glass.
How to cook: Grind the herb in a coffee grinder, cover with water and put in a water bath for 30 minutes. Insist the broth for 30-60 minutes. Do not filter.
How to use: Take 1 tbsp. 4 times daily before meals. The course of treatment lasts 3 months, then take a break for 3-4 weeks.
Result: Infusion on the grass clefthoof increases the tone of the body, has positive action on the heart, returns energy and vigor to the patient.
Clefthoof in landscape design
The clefthoof is used in landscape design The hoof in landscape design is in great demand due to its decorative leaves, which form a beautiful low carpet in the garden. It complements other plants well and serves as a spectacular backdrop for ferns, kupena and others. shade-loving plants with matte light leaves.
The European hoof looks good next to anemone and forest trees. It is used for mono-planting, planting in the form of flower beds around trees.
Contraindications
It is forbidden to use clefthoof root or grass in the following cases:
- pregnancy and lactation;
- over 65 years of age;
- any form of hypertension;
- diseases gastrointestinal tract;
- nervous or physical exhaustion.
Do not give double dose decoctions and clefthoof tinctures. Otherwise, you will seriously harm a person's health and possibly cause his death.
Classification
Asarum europaeum European gingerbread belongs to the Aristolochiaceae family of the Asarum genus and unites more than 70 plant species.
Varieties
Common types of clefthoof, in addition to the European variety:
- Asarum asaroides - hoofed claw;
- Asarum campaniflorum - bell-flowered hoof;
- Asarum balansae - Clefthoof Balances;
- Asarum canadense - Canadian clefthoof;
- Asarum macranthum - large-flowered clefthoof;
- Asarum blumei - Blume's hoof;
- Asarum himalaicum - Himalayan hoof.
For more information about the ungulate, see the video:
Clefthoof infographics
Photo of the clefthoof, his beneficial features and application 
Clefthoof infographic
What to remember
- Clefthoof is herbaceous plant with small hoof-shaped leaves, which spreads along the ground in a solid dark green carpet.
- The chemical composition of the plant includes poisonous substances, the concentration of which decreases if the hoof is dried.
- How to use the clefthoof for alcoholism - add a decoction of the plant to alcohol or to coffee, porridge, roast on the day when the alcoholic is going to drink.
- For oncology, make a decoction of clefthoof herb and take for 3 months.
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There are about 100 species of clefthoof, which are common in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. There are 3 types in Russia. found in deciduous and mixed forests of Europe and Western Siberia, clefthoof intermediate- in the Caucasus, Siebold's clefthoof- in the Far East. The leaves resemble a hoof footprint in shape (hence the name), go green under the snow and overwinter, and in early spring they are clearly visible against the brown background of the forest litter. The stem is creeping. Clefthoof blooms very early, as soon as the snow melts. The flower has a rather rare color - brown with a reddish tint, but it is not visible, since it is hidden in last year's foliage.
The leaf blades of the plant are rather large, dense, and have a characteristic reniform shape. Each of them sits at the end of a long petiole extending from the stem. The stem is spread over the surface of the earth, sometimes deepening somewhat. Although it is rather long, it branches weakly. Thin roots develop on the stem and extend down into the soil. Clefthoof leaves are located only at the end of the stem and are always in pairs, one against the other. A large bud is placed in the fork between the leaf petioles, clearly visible in late autumn.
In the spring, the development of the clefthoof begins precisely with the blooming of this bud. The translucent scales that cover the outside of the bud move apart, diverge, and a future stem with two leaves emerges from the bud. It is not possible to understand what it is right away. At an early stage of development, the stem and leaf petioles are very short, and the leaf blades are small, and each is folded in half lengthwise. Very soon, a small spherical flower no larger than a pea is born. He has only three petals, and they look like small teeth. As mentioned above, the color of the flower is not quite usual - reddish-brown. Flowers, like the rest of the plant, almost lie on the ground. They are inconspicuous, not striking and are often hidden in a layer of dry, fallen leaves. Such invisible flowers are pollinated by some small insects that crawl inside the flower.
Over time, the young stem, like the leaf stalks, gradually lengthens, and the leaf blades unfold and greatly increase in size. Already at the end of spring, a young shoot with two leaves completely completes its development and is finally formed. It becomes the same size as the old, overwintered shoot, but only the leaves have a lighter color, they are still very soft, tender.
As the young leaves grow, the old ones gradually die off. One generation is giving way to another. The next year, everything will be repeated from the beginning. The appearance of the clefthoof does not change much during the transition from winter to summer: the plant always remains green and blooms imperceptibly. The hoof attracts little of our attention.
One of the interesting features of the clefthoof is the peculiar smell of its leaves, similar to the smell of black pepper. It is clearly felt when a fresh leaf is rubbed. However, the hoof is unsuitable as a seasoning for food: it is poisonous.
Clefthoof is one of those forest plants whose seeds are spread by ants. These insects are attracted by the fleshy, oily appendage on the seed. Having found a seed, the ant carries it to its home and often loses it along the way. The seeds remain in different places in the forest, often quite far from the mother plant.
European hoof (Asarum europaeum L.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Flowers solitary, drooping, on short peduncles, developing in leaf axils. The perianth is bell-shaped, up to 9 mm long, three-incised, with triangular-ovate lobes. Stamens 12.
Leaves: Leaves of two types: scaly-ovate, pointed, folded lengthwise; normally developed - long-petiolate, kidney-shaped, dark green above, glossy, lighter below, covered with small bristly hairs on both sides; leaves hibernate green, remaining until mid-summer of next year - up to 14-16 months.
Stem: With a creeping, rooting, branched stem.
Root: With cordlike creeping rhizome.
Fruit: Hexagonal capsule with few seeds.
Seeds: They have fleshy seeds.
Flowering and fruiting times: Blooms in April-May; the seeds ripen in June.
Life Expectancy: Perennial.
Habitat: The hoof grows in coniferous, broad-leaved and coniferous-broad-leaved shady forests, in forest ravines, on the edges.
Prevalence: It grows throughout Europe, except for its most northern and southern parts. In Russia, it is widely distributed in the forest and forest-steppe zone of the European part and in the south of Western Siberia. V Central Russia found almost everywhere.
Addition: Flowers are pollinated by ants and flies. The seeds are carried by ants. The plant has a specific pungent odor. It spreads by seed and vegetative means - by the growth of rhizomes; at the same time, the hoof often forms large patches. Poisonous plant causing poisoning of horses and cattle. Ornamental plant, cultivated as a ground cover.
Clefthoof is a dwarf plant, but very noticeable thanks to its original expressive leaves. Its generic name is taken from the ancient Greek "carpet", which reflects the ability to form dense carpet thickets.
V middle lane there is a European clefthoof, intermediate and Siebold's variety. At the same time, the first type is of particular value for landscape design.
Appearance and structure
The culture reaches a height of only 10 cm, has a small stem with two or three heart-shaped wintering leaves. These smooth, polished, dark leathery leaves resemble a horse's hoof, and crisp white veins create an attractive pattern. From below, they have a lighter shade and are covered with fine pile.
Appearing in the spring, after the flowering clefthoof, they decorate the plant whole year... Even under the snow they keep green view, however, with the onset of heat in next year begin to die off, being replaced by new, young ones.
The flowering of the ground cover takes place in May, but often goes unnoticed. A single shaggy flower of a dirty purple hue emerges from the leaf sinus and is located near the ground itself. In July, a capsule fruit appears with numerous seeds spread by ants.
Over time, the rhizome forms a large curtain, which creates a carpet effect, expanding with age.
Growing features
In nature, the culture grows in the shade on fertile moist soils, it is often found in the vicinity of spruce, alder and hazel. Prefers light soils and is undemanding to acidity. Into arid summer period moisture-loving grass is important to ensure proper watering. Will not be superfluous and organic feeding... For the rest, the plant demonstrates the enviable unpretentiousness of a wild-growing ground cover.
Diseases and pests are not afraid of him, since the essential oils included in its composition scare away uninvited guests... However, during the period of seed ripening, it is important to be prepared for the appearance of a considerable number of ants that spread them. Do not forget that the clefthoof is a plant that loves to crawl from one place to another. And having planted it on one part of the garden, in a few years this glossy carpet can be ready to be seen somewhat on another territory.
Reproduction
Propagated by seed and dividing the bush. Sowing is carried out immediately after collecting seeds or in spring after three months of stratification at 0 +5 ° С. At a temperature of +18 ° C, seedlings appear after 1-4 weeks. Bush division is convenient to use if the clefthoof is taken into the garden directly from the forest. In this case, you can simply dig up a plot, paying attention to the quality of the rhizome and a sufficient number of laid shoots.
Application
It is difficult to list all the areas in which clefthoof flowers are used. The plant is valuable for its chemical composition and is actively used in pharmacology and traditional medicine. It is important to remember that it contains toxic substances, so self-treatment without medical advice can be deadly. Culture has long been used in the treatment of alcoholism, as a green dye, and even actively used in magical practice. Nowadays, the clefthoof is valued primarily as a plant that can transform landscape design.
Like other ground cover plants, the clefthoof will be an excellent background for other ornamental crops and can be used to combine different planting groups into a single composition. It looks attractive in planting with early spring flowers, especially
About 60 species of clefthoof are known, 13 of which live in the forests of the northern hemisphere.
Most common European clefthoof (Asarum europaeum)- a creeping plant with a branching rhizome, the annual growth of which is about 4-6 cm. The leaves of the culture are dark green with a bluish tinge, leathery on long petioles, winter, so that it retains its decorative effect throughout the year. The leaf blade resembles a horse's hoof. The flowers are drooping, bell-shaped, up to 0.8 cm in diameter, brown-green outside, dark red inside with purple tint, with a pleasant aroma. Blooms in April-May.
Also found tailed hoof (Asarum caudatum) native to the coniferous forests of the United States - a plant with a long, shallow, branching rhizome. Its leaves are also round, heart-shaped, overwintering, but light green and larger (up to 15 cm in diameter). It also blooms in May, the flowers are very original - the tips of the petals are drawn, resembling a thin tail.
Siebold's Hoof (Asarum sieboldii)- a short-rhizome plant of moist mixed forests of the Far East. Leaves are gray-green, numerous, form a hemispherical bush. Most decorative in spring, when numerous flowers appear at the base of the leaves. It is extremely rare in culture.
Growing clefthoof
All plants of the genus are distinguished by shade tolerance - their forest origin affects. They prefer fertile, loose soils with moderate moisture. The culture is cold-resistant, resistant to diseases and pests.
But a clefthoof cannot grow in one place for a long time: it needs to be transplanted to another place for 4-5 years of life.
Clefthoof breeding
The clefthoof is propagated by seeds (by sowing before winter), as well as by segments of rhizomes with a bud of renewal. It is better to plant a plant at the end of summer. In addition, the plant is self-seeding.
Clefthoof in garden design
Siebold's claw is suitable for, and European's claw is used to create a ground cover. Also, this plant can be found in. Can be planted next to,
Clefthoof is a perennial forest plant, low, but clearly visible due to expressive forms and formed by picturesque thickets.
The genus Hoof of the family Kirkazonovye (Aristolochiaceae) unites about a hundred species, among which the most famous (Asarum europaeum).
The plant's generic name comes from the Greek word "carpet" and is given for the plant's ability to form spectacular carpet thickets.
The specific name arose due to the predominant distribution of the plant in Europe.
In Belarus, the clefthoof has long been known as charazryvіtsa(see below the use of the clefthoof from damage induced from behind), dziki perats,scum; with Eliza Ozheshko - kapytnik.
Dahl's dictionary contains a lot of synonyms for plant names: heartwood, grass root, undergrowth, black buttercup, earthen incense, wine / turpentine / hoofed / hare root, wild pepper, hairy hair, dry aquiline, oblapa, coverage, pikhovnik, epancha, epanic.
European hoof grows in shady places on wet fertile soils; more common in forests with spruce, hazel, alder. The natural area of distribution of this plant is Central Europe and Western Siberia.
The hoof is about 10 cm high; has a barely visible stem, a pair of heart-shaped wintering leaves and a small unusual flower... However, its thin creeping rhizome grows many "combat calculations", so that under the canopy of a dark forest a continuous glossy clump of clefthoof is formed. The older the rhizome, the wider the area of the clone curtain.
On the tops of the ascending stems, two, rarely three leathery leaves on long pubescent petioles develop. Clefthoof leaves are similar in shape to a horse's hoof, with a deep notch at the base. Above, the leaves are dark green, smooth, as if polished. Below, they are covered with fine hairs and are lighter in color. Distinct white veins on the leaf blades of the clefthoof form a pretty pattern.
It is interesting that the life of the leaves, which began in the spring towards the end of the flowering of the clefthoof, lasts a whole year, without discounts for the harsh winter season. The leaves hibernate under the snow in a green form, but with the arrival of heat and light, they begin to fade and die off. They are already being replaced by young, silky-pubescent leaves. After overwintering, these leaves, in turn, die off.
By the fall, the mother plant forms new buds on the growth sites of the rhizome, in which two tiny folded leaves and a bud are neatly packed.
The European hoof blooms in May, its flowering is very inconspicuous: dirty purple shaggy flowers the size of a small cherry are hidden under the leaves. Clefthoof flower - single, drooping, bell-shaped, with three deep lobes - emerges from the axils of a pair of leaves and is located near the ground.
In the language of flowers, the tiny flowers of the clefthoof should loudly proclaim the coming justice.
Butterflies and bees are rare guests in the dark forest, where the clefthoof grows; and there is no room for the wind. Therefore, the seed reproduction of the clefthoof is entirely dependent on ants, which pollinate its flowers and carry the seeds ripening in June. Ants are very attracted to the nutritious oily appendages on mature clefthoof seeds, thanks to which the seeds are scattered through the forest.
Clefthoof leaves, when rubbed, emit a sharp, peculiar smell, reminiscent of either pepper, turpentine, or camphor. That is why one of the names of the clefthoof is "forest pepper". It gives a smell to the plant essential oil sharp-bitter taste, the maximum amount of which is contained in the rhizome (up to 3.5% in dry raw materials). The composition of the oil is complex, but the main substance (up to 50%) is volatile asarone. Both asarone and some other constituents of clefthoof oil make it a powerful poison that causes nausea, vomiting, stomach pains, kidney dysfunction, abortion, and in high doses, death.
However, it has long been known that toxic natural principles at correct application are good healers. Clefthoof is no exception here - in scientific and folk medicine, it is a medicinal plant.
Scientific medicine uses an aqueous extract of clefthoof leaves to enhance cardiac activity, to increase the tone of the veins, to narrow peripheral vessels. According to its effect on cardiovascular system clefthoof is close to adrenaline. The plant's preparations also have a bronchodilatory effect, which helps with acute and chronic bronchitis.
An alcoholic tincture of fresh clefthoof leaves is a part of the preparation "Akofit", which is used as a local irritant for acute radiculitis, lumbago, ishalgia, etc.
In homeopathy, extracts from the plant are used for hysteria and other nervous diseases, for eczema of nervous origin.
The clefthoof is widely and variedly used in folk herbal medicine. Since ancient times, a decoction of the whole plant or its leaves has been used to treat heart and colds, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys. They used the clefthoof as a diuretic, anthelmintic (expelling worms), regulating menstruation, as an auxiliary during childbirth, as well as for migraine, deafness, paralysis of the tongue.
For migraines and neurotic conditions, use alcohol tincture rhizomes and roots of clefthoof or use them in different forms(decoction, powder).
From the decoction of the clefthoof, lotions are made for headaches or on sore eyes, and ground fresh leaves are applied to purulent lesions of the skin.
The use of this plant for the treatment of alcoholism is based on the emetic effect from the ingestion of clefthoof preparations in doses exceeding the therapeutic ones. A tablespoon of rhizome decoction (the decoction is made at the rate of: a tablespoon of raw materials per glass of water) is mixed with a half glass of vodka; the mixture drunk causes severe vomiting and forms a subsequent aversion to alcohol.
Being toxic plant, the clefthoof can simultaneously help with some poisoning - when you need to immediately induce vomiting. The hoof here can effectively replace the American Ipecacuanha (which, like the clefthoof, is used in small doses for coughing with difficult sputum, and in large doses as an emetic in case of poisoning).
The hoof was also used as a snuff; from N. Annenkov's dictionary it is known about the use of its leaves as snuff.
Eliza Ozheshko in "People and Kvetkas over the Nemanam" noted the magical benefits of the clefthoof. Belarusian peasants kept the plant as a remedy against spoilage: "Naylepshi srodak hell bend the crumbled khvarobi ..., ale only tady, kal marmots were thrown at the chalavek behind (rolled from the shoulders), the calaman was knocked at the chalavek spirada, then the ado , as in May the quran ".
Azarov oil, extracted from the roots of the clefthoof, is used in perfumery and Food Industry... The plant contains light brown paint.
Thanks to decorative leaves and the ability to form a beautiful low carpet in semi-shady and shady places, the clefthoof is often used in landscape design as a ground cover plant, transferring its divisions from nature to the garden.
Irina Tugai (Republic of Belarus)
fito.of.by
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