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1. Theoretical part 5
1.1. Origin of Soap Bubbles 5
1.2. Theoretical aspects of the study of soap bubbles 6
1.3. Spherical shape of soap bubbles 8
1.4. Soap bubble optics 9
1.5. Properties of soap bubbles in the cold. 12
2. Practical part 15
2.1. Method of making soap bubbles 15
2.2. Experiment 16
Bibliography 19
Appendix 1. 20
Appendix 2. 22
Appendix 3. 24
Appendix 4. 25
Introduction
"A soap bubble, perhaps,
the most amazing and most
an exquisite natural phenomenon."
Mark Twain
Relevance.
I really love blowing soap bubbles. I like to admire their round shape and the surface shimmering with different colors. I always wanted to make a bubble that didn’t look like a ball, so that its shape resembled the shape of a cube or the head of some animal. But, unfortunately, I always got only round soap bubbles.
Why do soap bubbles have a round shape, like balls? Perhaps if you use certain frames to inflate a bubble, you will get a bubble of a different shape? Is it possible to prepare a solution for blowing bubbles at home? Why do they break down so easily? Let's consider the problem of obtaining round soap bubbles.
Making and studying soap bubbles allows you to demonstrate and “feel” many physical laws that are of utmost importance in science and technology.
Based on the described contradictions, we identified the object, subject and purpose of our research.
Object of study: bubble.
Subject of study: shape, composition and properties of soap bubbles.
I put forward the following hypothesis: Using different frames, you can make non-circular soap bubbles.
The purpose of my research: identify the properties of soap bubbles and methods for their preparation.
I will achieve my goal by deciding tasks:
collect information about the preparation, properties and shape of soap bubbles;
prepare a solution for making soap bubbles at home and get soap bubbles from it;
analyze the theoretical and practical results of producing soap bubbles, their properties and shape.
Research stages:
collect information about the shape and properties of soap bubbles (ask your parents, read in a book, find on the Internet);
buy frames of different geometric shapes for blowing bubbles;
prepare a solution for soap bubbles;
determine which solution for making bubbles is the best;
try to blow bubbles of different geometric shapes;
compare the theoretical and practical results of making soap bubbles;
Methods and techniques: observation, experiment, analysis.
- Theoretical part
- Origin of soap bubbles
The birthday of the soap bubble remains a mystery to this day. But it is known for certain that during excavations of ancient Pompeii, archaeologists discovered unusual frescoes depicting young Pompeians blowing soap bubbles. Apparently they had their own secrets for making soap.
In the Middle Ages, an image of an angel blowing bubbles was placed on tombstones and the inscription was added: “No one will escape from this.” By this, apparently, they wanted to say that life is fragile, like a soap bubble.
In the 19th century, postcards were issued with the image of a boy blowing bubbles.
The vain entertainment of a young man blowing soap bubbles.
Soap bubbles were not only children's fun, but also an object for philosophers to think about the meaning of life. Not just a beautiful natural phenomenon, but also of interest to serious scientists. A hundred years ago, Charles Boyce published the fundamental work “Soap Bubbles,” which to this day is both a children’s funny book and a reference book for theoretical physicists and experimentalists.
No later than 1839.
Thus, soap bubbles delighted children and adults back in the days of ancient Pompeii. They have been of interest to philosophers, artists, and scientists for centuries, not leaving anyone indifferent in the 21st century.
- Theoretical aspects of the study of soap bubbles
A soap bubble is a thin film of soapy water that forms a ball with an iridescent surface.
The bubble film consists of a thin layer of water sandwiched between two layers of molecules, most often soap (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Diagram of the structure of a soap bubble film.
A and C - a layer of soap molecules; B - layer of water molecules
These layers consist of quite complex molecules - mermaids - one part of which is hydrophilic (likes to contact with water), and the other is hydrophobic (they avoid such contact, are “afraid” of water).
The hydrophilic part represents separated electric charges that have a dipole moment. It is attracted by a thin layer of water. While the hydrophobic one, which is a “tail” of a carbon chain 2.5 nm long, on the contrary, is pushed out. As a result, layers are formed that protect water from rapid evaporation and also reduce surface tension (Figure 2).
However, a bubble made only of water is unstable and will burst quickly. In order to stabilize its condition, surfactants, such as soap and glycerin, are dissolved in water.
Figure 2. Scheme of the structure of molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.
Direct measurements revealed that the surface tension of water decreases by two and a half times: from 7∙10 -2 to 3∙10 -2 J/m 2 .
When the soap film stretches, the remaining soap molecules will emerge from its volume to the surface, completing the construction of the palisade. Thus, the soap selectively strengthens the weak areas of the bubble, preventing them from stretching further. When all the molecules of the surfactant leave the volume of the film, its further stretching will lead to the destruction of the bubble. The film of a soap bubble is one of the thinnest things that can be seen with the naked eye.
- Spherical shape of soap bubbles
A bubble exists because the surface of any liquid (in this case water) has some surface tension. The presence of surface tension forces makes the surface of a liquid look like an elastic stretched film, with the only difference being that the elastic forces in the film depend on its surface area (that is, on how the film is deformed), and the surface tension forces do not depend on the surface area of the liquid.
Soap bubbles are a physical illustration of the minimum surface problem, a complex mathematical problem. Although it has been known since 1884 that a soap bubble has a minimum surface area for a given volume, it was not until 2000 that it was proven that two bubbles combined also have a minimum surface area for a given combined volume. This problem was called the double bubble theorem.
The spherical shape can be significantly distorted by air flows and, thereby, by the process of inflating the bubble itself.
However, if the bubble is left to float in calm air, its shape will very soon become close to spherical. The geometry of soap bubbles still puzzles mathematicians.
From the point of view of physics, a bubble is spherical only if the force of gravity does not force the liquid to move within the volume of the bubble film, and, therefore, does not lead to the fact that the film at the bottom is thicker than at the top, and the shape is distorted.
- Soap bubble optics
Burns like a peacock's tail.
What colors does it not contain?
Lilac, red, blue,
Green, yellow color.
An inflated balloon takes off,
More transparent than glass.
It's like it's inside
Mirrors sparkle.
Lights in the open space
A light ball plays
Then the sea turns blue in it,
There is a fire burning in it.
S. Ya. Marshak “Soap Bubbles”
One of the greatest physicists is Thomas Young, who with his research substantiated the wave concepts of light and, in particular, the nature of interference phenomena and the colors of thin films.
Surprisingly, a film of a colorless liquid, a solution of soap in water, illuminated by white light, is colored with all the colors of the rainbow. Let's see why this happens.
The color of soap bubbles is explained by the interference of waves reflected from the outer and inner surfaces of the film. The path of rays in thin films is shown in Figure 4.
Interference of light waves called the addition of two coherent waves, as a result of which an increase or decrease in the resulting light vibrations is observed at different points in space.
Figure 4. Interference of light rays on the surface of a soap bubble.
We found out how the color of soap bubbles appears, but why do some have a rainbow color and others do not?
Doubt, faith, ardor of living passions
Game of air bubbles:
That one flashed like a rainbow, and this one was gray
And everyone will fly away
This is people's lives.
At first the film is colorless, as it has approximately equal thickness. Then the solution gradually flows down. Due to the different thicknesses of the lower thickened and upper thinned films, a rainbow color appears.
To finish the story about the optics of a soap bubble, we must definitely talk about the black stripes and spots in its color. The bubble will burst precisely in this thinnest and weakest place. If the film thickness is very small compared to the wavelength, then the rays will cancel each other. This means that a black color appears on the film.
So, soap bubbles acquire a rainbow color due to the phenomenon of interference of light waves reflected from the outer and inner surfaces of the film.
1.5. Properties of soap bubbles in the cold.
When cooled slowly, the bubble becomes supercooled and freezes at approximately -7°C. The film turns out to be not fragile, as it would seem that a thin crust of ice should be. If you allow a crystallized soap bubble to fall to the floor, it will not break or turn into ringing fragments, like a glass ball used to decorate a Christmas tree. Dents will appear on it, and individual fragments will twist into tubes. The film turns out to be not brittle, it exhibits plasticity. The plasticity of the film turns out to be a consequence of the smallness of its thickness.
When blowing bubbles in severe frost -20°C, -25°C, small crystals immediately appear at different points on the surface, which quickly grow and finally merge into a single picture, in beauty not inferior to the frosty patterns on the window.
Application of soap bubbles
The previously discussed mechanism of the structure of soap bubbles allows us to understand the process of removing dirt using soapy water. The hydrophilic part of the detergent interacts with water, penetrates into the water and carries with it a particle of pollutant attached to the hydrophobic end.
In meteorology and aeronautics, the prototype of a soap bubble - an aerostat (balloon) - is used for weather reconnaissance and exciting air travel. The shell of a soap bubble contains hot air, which (as is known) has a lower density than cold air, which is why the bubble is able to rise upward. A balloon takes off into the sky using the same principle.
Soap film stretched over frames can take on the most incredible appearance. This property is widely used by architects and designers.
In the mining industry, flotation is carried out using bubbles, but air bubbles: the process of enriching mining ores. Bubbles in the solution envelop the ore particles and lift them to the surface, while the waste rock remains at the bottom.
Soap bubbles are also used in the oil refining industry. To turn oil into various materials needed by humanity, it has to be refined. For efficient oil refining, Russian scientists propose using micelles - essentially, soap bubbles. These and other studies of surfactants are supported by Russian and international grants. Scientists from the Moscow Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences were among the first to find out that if water and surfactants are added to already purified oil, stable “soap bubbles” filled with water are formed in the oil. It turned out that in these bubbles, which scientists called “micelles,” various chemical reactions can occur. Scientists have designed such “microreactors” for the oxidative processing of hydrocarbon raw materials. The so-called liquid-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons makes it possible to convert oil into organic acids, esters, and monomers. It is from these substances that polymers, dyes, medicines and much more are then obtained.
It turns out what an amazing, simple bubble it is, and how much benefit it has brought to people!
- Practical part
- Method of making soap bubbles
Cooking recipe
In fact, the recipe for making soap bubbles using liquid detergent, soap and water is very simple. The water should be soft or, even better, distilled.
What detergent should I use? Any laundry soap, all kinds of toilet soap, shampoos, etc.
For long-lived bubbles, it is recommended to add 1/3 of the volume of pure glycerin to the resulting solution. How long the bubble lasts depends on how long it stays wet. Glycerin is excellent at slowing down drying time. An aqueous solution of sugar and gelatin works the same way.
The proportions of soap dissolution strongly depend on your area and the current time of year, since factors such as temperature, air humidity and the like greatly affect the quality of the bubbles. The average range is 10 parts water to one part soap. The proportions of glycerin are added from 1/5 to 1/3 parts relative to the volume of the soap mixture, or 1/4 part of the sugar solution with gelatin.
Blowing tools
The simplest wire loop. Take a piece of thin but stiff wire and form a loop about 4 cm in diameter at one of its ends. To use, dip the loop into the solution and blow gently.
Cocktail straws give good results. The effect will be better if you make 4 short cuts (about 3 cm) on one of the ends and spread them in different directions, like a chamomile.
Funnel kitchen for pouring liquids.
- Experiment
My mom, dad and I did the following experiments at home:
100 ml of water was poured into two glasses, and 30 ml of glycerin was added to each glass. Then 10 ml of Fairy detergent was added to the first glass, and 10 ml of baby shampoo was added to the second glass. The contents of the glasses were mixed with a porcelain spoon. Bubbles were blown from the prepared liquid.
Observations: It is best to blow soap bubbles from a solution containing Fairy detergent (Appendix 1).
From the liquid prepared in experiment 1, we tried to blow bubbles of different shapes using a cocktail straw, a funnel and special frames of different geometric shapes for blowing bubbles, purchased at the store. We looked carefully at the color of the bubbles
Observations: blown soap bubbles have only a round, spherical shape. At first, all the bubbles were transparent, but when rays of light hit them, they became multi-colored (Appendix 2).
We poured enough soap solution into the plate so that the bottom of the plate was covered with a layer of 2-3 mm, put a Smurf toy in the middle and covered it with a funnel. Then, slowly raising the funnel, they blew into its narrow tube, and when the bubble reached a sufficient size, they tilted the funnel to the side, releasing the bubble from under it.
Observations: a small toy ended up inside a soap bubble (Appendix 3). It was very beautiful.
We lit a candle. Using the funnel from the previous experiment, we blew a bubble and pointed the funnel towards the candle flame.
Observations: the candle flame noticeably deviated to the side (Appendix 4).
Experiment 5. Crystallization of soap bubbles.
We went out onto the balcony, where the air temperature was -10 degrees. We blew bubbles in the cold.
Observations: Our soap bubbles did not crystallize, although we found a statement in the literature that they crystallize at a temperature of -7 degrees.
conclusions
In the course of my research, I formulated the following conclusions:
1. When inflated, a soap bubble can only be round in shape, since surface tension forces tend to give the soap bubble the shape of a ball.
2. Soap bubbles from a colorless liquid, illuminated by white light, are colored with all the colors of the rainbow due to the phenomenon of interference of light waves.
3. It is best to use Fairy detergent to make soap bubbles at home.
4. The film of a soap bubble is always in tension and presses on the air contained in it, so the force of the thinnest films is not so insignificant.
5. You can blow soap bubbles around objects. It is very interesting.
Bibliography
Blinov L. Mermaid molecules // “Science and Life”, No. 4, - 1989.
Geguzin Ya.E. Bubbles - M.: Nauka, 1985.
Giant soap bubbles. Device for blowing soap bubbles RF patent No. 2139119
Perelman Y. “Entertaining physics”, Moscow, 1967.
Bubbles in the cold // “Science and Life”, No. 2, - 1982.
Schwartz A., Perry J., Bern D., Surfactants and detergents - M., 1960
Lushchekina O.B. Show of soap bubbles, or where work on a project can lead // newspaper “Physics”, No. 22, - 2004.
Internet resources:
http://www.jtan.com/antibubble/;
http://www.eskimo.com/~billb/amateur/antibub/antibub1.html
http://demonstrator.narod.ru/experiments/bubble.html
http://www.afizika.ru/skorost
Experiment 1. Preparation of a solution for making soap bubbles.
Measure and pour water
Add glycerin
Add detergent and shampoo
Mix everything
Blowing bubbles
Appendix 2.
Experiment 2. Forming bubbles using different tools and studying their color.
But they are still round and colorful.
Appendix 3.
Experiment 3. Soap bubble around an object.
Appendix 4.
Experiment 4. Air is displaced by the walls of the soap bubble.
The candle flame is deflected.
Anastasia Ivanova
Research project “Soap Bubbles”
Short senior research project.
Now I will take a simple straw into my mouth, I will draw water into it, then I will blow lightly into the straw - And now, shining with a smooth film, stretching in breadth, a delicate, thin, colored bubble. An inflated balloon takes off, more transparent than glass. It’s as if mirrors sparkle inside it.
Samuel Marshak
Relevance of the topic: A circus came to our kindergarten "Show soap bubbles» . And one of the numbers was blowing soap bubbles of different shapes and sizes, which did not burst for a long time. We decided to make a solution for soap bubbles, But bubbles They turned out small and quickly burst. And then we became interested in what needs to be added to the solution in order to bubbles were large and strong and whether we could make such a solution ourselves.
Target: learn to get large, strong bubble and find a connection with soap.
Tasks: get acquainted with the history of origin soap bubbles; learn secrets soap bubble, conduct experiments on inflation of various types soap bubbles, conduct a study of the effectiveness of fluids for inflation soap bubbles.
An object research: composition and properties soap bubbles.
Item research: solution for making soap bubbles.
Methods research: observation, conducting experiments, comparing and summarizing results
Hypotheses: Let's pretend that soap bubbles are formed from soap solution.
Dimensions and stability soap bubbles depends on the composition of the liquid for soap bubbles.
What did we do: 1. collected information, read encyclopedias, looked at illustrations, watched cartoons, watched soap bubbles.
2. Experimented - experiments with soap bubbles(cheated bubbles, prepared a solution for soap bubbles, experience with jumping bubbles, frozen bubble, painted soap bubbles) etc.
3. We organized an exhibition of our works.
4. They played, sang, danced and much more.
5. We went on an excursion to school No. 4, to the medical office.
We observed and played, we sculpted, drew, experimented, observed in kindergarten, on the street and at home. We do a lot found out: found out that soap bubble- it's a thin film soapy water, which has an iridescent surface. Now we know how to prepare a solution for soap bubbles. And even how to make amazing shapes from soap bubbles. What can be made from frozen soap bubble, and how to make homemade soap. Soap bubble research It turned out to be an interesting, beautiful and useful activity. Our group has an exhibition of our works.
Holiday soap bubbles
Suchkov Ilya
Project Manager:
Kozlova Nadezhda Petrovna
Institution:
MBOU "Penovskaya Secondary School named after E.I. Chaikina" Peno village
Research work in elementary school "Secrets of soap bubbles" completed by a 1st grade student at a secondary school. This work is devoted to the study of the nature and properties of soap bubbles, as well as the process of making the most suitable soap solution at home.
The author of a research project in an elementary school, “Secrets of Soap Bubbles,” studies theoretical material about the history of soap bubbles and studies their basic properties. The practical part of the project contains basic recipes for preparing a soap solution for bubbles at home, where the student compares the size and durability of the resulting soap bubbles.
In this project at the elementary school "Secrets of Soap Bubbles" 1st grade student will demonstrate fun experiences and experiments with soap bubbles made using tools such as a cocktail straw, funnel, bottomless bottle, wire frame, stick and thread device.
Introduction
1. What is a soap bubble.
2. The history of soap bubbles.
3. Unique properties of soap bubbles.
3.1 Why do soap bubbles have the shape of a ball?
3.2 Why do soap bubbles have rainbow colors?
3.3 Why soap bubbles don’t fly for long.
3.4 Soap bubbles in the cold.
3.5 Widespread use of soap bubbles.
4. How to make soap bubbles at home.
4.1. Recipes for preparing a solution for soap bubbles.
4.2. Entertaining experiences and experiments with soap bubbles.
Conclusion
Bibliography
Application
I'm letting in bubbles! There are so many of them, look, they are flying above me, the sun is shining in them. The bubbles have scattered, don’t pick them up in your palms, don’t try to catch them, they’re so easy to scare! Just touch it with your hand, clap! ... And it’s empty above you!
O. Borisova
Introduction
Soap bubbles are weightless, almost imperceptible and so beautiful. They inspire many people, bring joy and pleasure. Blowing water balloons is a favorite pastime for all generations. Soap bubbles, which are painted alternately in a variety of colors of the rainbow, seem fabulous and magical.
Regardless of age, bubbles cause people to scream with delight and an irresistible desire to immediately catch up and catch the fleeing sparkling ball.
Solutions for blowing this rainbow miracle are sold in stores, and there are various generators for producing soap masterpieces. But is it possible to make soap bubbles at home, from what solution can you get the largest and strongest soap bubbles? This work will be devoted to solving these issues.
Relevance: Currently, soap bubbles are one of the best-selling toys. But, probably, each of us at least once thought about the question: “Is it possible to prepare a soap solution at home, the bubbles from which will delight you with their fragile beauty?”
Absolutely all children are naturally inquisitive and love to discover something unknown. The relevance of this work is due to the development of creativity in children and the desire for new discoveries.
Purpose of the study : Create soap bubbles at home, identify the most successful recipe for making soap bubbles, conduct experiments and experiments with soap bubbles.
Object of study : soap bubble.
Subject of study : the process of preparing solutions at home and methods of blowing a soap bubble.
To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
- Study theoretical material on the topic “ Bubble»;
- Get acquainted with the history of soap bubbles;
- Learn the secrets and properties of a soap bubble;
- Learn recipes for preparing a solution for blowing soap bubbles;
- At home, conduct experiments and experiments on inflating various types of soap bubbles.
Research methods:
- Analysis of scientific literature on this study.
- Observation of soap bubbles from various solutions.
- Experiment.
Hypotheses:
Let's assume that soap bubbles are formed from a soap solution, and the liquid for blowing soap bubbles can be prepared at home.
The size and stability of soap bubbles depends on the composition of the bubble liquid
Zemlyanskaya Valeria
Mark Twain said that “...A soap bubble is perhaps the most delightful and most exquisite phenomenon of nature.” It is impossible to imagine a child who will look indifferently at a huge rainbow soap bubble. Many children try to create solutions for soap bubbles on their own, although they do not always achieve what they want. This study will help you understand the components of the solutions, devices and achieve the desired results. This is a fun project that will reveal the secrets of soap bubbles.
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Municipal educational institution
Secondary school No. 1
S. Novoselitsky, Novoselitsky district, Stavropol Territory
X SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE OF SCHOOLCHILDREN
"NEW GENERATION"
Section
"First steps"
RESEARCH PROJECT
Novoselitskoye, 2017
Introduction ……………………………………………………. …………………2-3
Main part
Chapter I. Theoretical research
- What is a “soap bubble”?……………………………..………….4
- The history of the soap bubble……………………… 5
- Interesting information about soap bubbles...................................5-6
- ………………………… 6-8
Chapter II. Experimental study
2.1. Components and tools for making soap bubbles8-9 2.2.Recipes for making soap bubbles……………………………9-10
2.3. Experiments with soap bubbles……………………………………10-11
Chapter III. Conclusion ………………………………………………………. 11-12
Literature ……………………………………………………………........ 13
Application ……………………………………………………………........ 14- 22
Introduction
“..A soap bubble is perhaps the most delightful thing
and the most exquisite phenomenon of nature"
Mark Twain.
I've always liked soap bubbles. Blowing and then catching them was one of my favorite pastimes. I once saw a show in which they blew huge bubbles and performed various tricks with them: they inflated them with smoke, took them in their hands, made garlands out of them, placed various objects and even people inside the bubbles!
Is this really possible with ordinary soap bubbles? Can I do such tricks? I used to use store-bought bubble blowing kits and never got bubbles like these. And I decided to do research.
This is how the topic arose my research- "Bubble"
Relevance This research is that the development of a universal composition of soap bubbles will allow me to bring moments of joy to my friends and family without requiring certain costs.
Purpose of the study: Find out if you can get big and strong soap bubbles yourself at home. Also to develop a universal composition for creating various types of soap bubbles.
Tasks:
- find out what a soap bubble is and what it consists of;
- find out what makes soap bubbles big and strong;
- find a recipe for making large soap bubbles;
- do tricks with soap bubbles yourself;
I put forward a hypothesis: suppose we can cook
The optimal solution for creating soap bubbles at home.
Object The research included compositions for making soap bubbles and soap bubbles.
Research methods:-analytical method
Experiment
- data synthesis
The research work consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, I studied questions regarding the components and tools necessary to obtain a soap bubble and processed the necessary information. In the practical part, I used experimental research methods, based on the results of which appropriate conclusions were drawn.
Practical useThis work is possible in lessons of the surrounding world, fine arts, when celebrating Birthday and other children's holidays.
- THEORETICAL PART
1.1What is a “soap bubble”?
A soap bubble is a ball formed by a thin multilayer film of soapy water and filled with air. Soap bubbles usually exist for a few seconds, and then burst spontaneously upon contact with the surface. Very often children play with soap bubbles.
We all admire bubbles, especially soap bubbles - their perfectly round shape and surface shimmering with different colors.
English physicist Boys was so intrigued by soap bubbles that he wrote a 200-page book: “Soap Bubbles. Their color and the forces that give them shape.”
So why is a soap bubble round? The answer to this question is that surface tension forces tend to give the soap bubble the most compact shape possible. The most compact form in nature is a sphere (not a cube, for example). With a spherical shape, the air inside the bubble evenly presses on all parts of its inner wall (at least until the bubble bursts). The soap bubble is still there, but it has simply evaporated in the air.
Scientists have calculated that a soap bubble bursts in one thousandth of a second, so in order to see this miracle they needed a camera capable of shooting up to 5000 frames per second. British photographer Richard Hicks managed to get very beautiful photographs of this process.
Hicks' assistant was his wife, Sarah. It was she who blew and then burst this wonderful bubble.
Sarah broke the surface tension of the bubble with her finger and it burst. Meanwhile, Richards was filming with a macro camera.
1.2 History of the soap bubble
On the Internet, I found out who invented soap bubbles. Their story is connected with a man named Pumpatus, who, at his own peril and risk, came up with a way to blow soap bubbles.
People lived for a very long time without soap and finally it was invented, and the king ordered everyone to wash themselves. For disobedience he threatened to carry out the death penalty. Only one old shoemaker named Pumpatus hid in his closet and smoked a pipe, but at one moment foam got into this pipe, and he blew his first soap bubble.
Therefore, they not only did not execute him, but rejoiced and admired how bubbles were blown out of this tube one after another. It was a miracle. Ladies were given bouquets of soap bubbles, halls and palaces were decorated, men wore hats from them, it was wonderful, although short-lived.
It is unknown when the first soap bubble appeared. But even in the fresco paintings that scientists excavated in the ancient city of Pompeii, they found images of children blowing soap bubbles.
1.3 Interesting information about soap bubbles
While studying the issue of soap bubbles, I learned that:
- A soap bubble shimmers with all the colors of the rainbow because light rays are reflected from the outer and inner surfaces of the film that forms it. This phenomenon is called interference. The color of the bubble changes because the soap film “melts”, i.e. becomes thinner over time.
- A soap bubble is inflated with warm air from our lungs. And warm air is usually lighter than the air in the room or outside. Therefore, the bubble first flies upward, and then the air in it cools and the bubble descends.
- Soap bubbles can last quite a long time. English explorer James Dewar stored soap bubbles in special bottles that protected them from dust, drying out and air shock. In such conditions he managed to preserve some bubbles for more than a month!
- The soap bubble can be frozen. It freezes at a temperature of approximately -7 0C. To freeze, simply place a snowflake on the bubble or carefully lower it onto the snow. In this case, the bubble will not break, and if you press lightly on the ice ball, dents will appear on it.
- Scientists took soap bubbles very seriously and made many different useful discoveries by studying them. For example:
- based on the double-walled bottle in which Dewar stored soap bubbles, thermoses and cylinders for transporting gases were invented;
- observing the freezing of a soap bubble, they figured out how to freeze cells, organs and entire living organisms and use this in medicine;
- Architects, studying the shape of the surface of a soap bubble - a sphere, figured out how to use it in the construction of buildings.
1.4 Social survey of students in grades 2-4
And the more interesting things I learned, the more I wanted to know how the children of our school feel about soap bubbles.
At the beginning of my research, I conducted a survey among students in grades 2-4, in which 53 people took part.
Three questions were asked.
Diagram 1
Diagram 2
Diagram 3
As can be seen from the survey results, soap bubbles are a favorite pastime for children, which lifts their spirits.A small jar of soap bubbles can easily be bought in a store, which is what some people do. However, it ends quickly, and often they do not have a very good composition, and the expected fireworks of soap bubbles are limited to only a dozen small bubbles.
Some guys breed the compound themselves. They indicated the following as ingredients for the solution:
- water,
- shampoo,
- soap,
- detergents.
However, as it turned out, the recipe for a soap bubble is not as simple as it seems.So I decided to conduct some experiments and find out what makes the best big soap bubbles.
Chapter II. Experimental study
2.1. Components and tools for making soap bubbles
In order to blow a regular soap bubble, you will need water, soap and some kind of tool. But there are secrets to producing the highest quality bubbles.
Components.
Water. Plain tap water will not do. Bubbles from it are fragile due to impurities and salts. The easiest way to prepare suitable water at home is to thoroughly boil it and let it settle. To prepare the solution, it is better to take warm water - soap dissolves in it faster.
Soap. Not just any soap is suitable for making a good bubble liquid. Sometimes it is prepared without soap at all, using all kinds of liquid and powder detergents. Hand washing liquid or baby shampoo works great. Of all types of soap, it is better to use simple laundry soap.
"Secret Ingredient". How long a soap bubble lives depends on how long it remains wet. It turns out that glycerin is added to the liquid for long-lived soap bubbles for this purpose! It is sold at the pharmacy. Glycerin is a product that slows down the drying time of the bubble, makes its walls stronger and the bubble “lives” longer.
Tools:
To make soap bubbles, people use various materials at hand: cocktail tubes, hollow blades of grass and straws, ballpoint pen bodies, wire rings and much more.
For giant bubbles, use a special loop. A thin rope or cord, 4 times longer than the length of the straw, is threaded and tied through two long and strong straws. The tubes are lowered into the solution closed, slowly pulled apart until the rope is tensioned, and carefully removed. You need to move back, creating a flow of air, or direct this ring perpendicular to the wind so that it blows out bubbles.
2.2. Recipes for making soap bubbles
Recipe for solution No. 1
- 100 ml water,
- 50 ml bath foam,
- 10 ml glycerin,
Recipe for solution No. 2
- 100 ml water,
- 10 ml glycerin.
Recipe for solution No. 3
- 100 ml water,
- 100 ml bath foam,
- 10 ml glycerin.
Recipe for solution No. 4
- 10 ml aqueous solution
Sugar and gelatin
Solution No. 5
- from the shop.
2.3. Experiments with soap bubbles
Test 1. Poke with a soapy finger.
On the World Wide Web they write that to check the quality of the composition of soap bubbles, you need to pierce it with your finger, after wetting it with the same soap solution, and if the bubble does not burst, then the composition is considered good.–
All 5 soap compositions passed the test.
Test 2. For the lifetime of a soap bubble.
We blew 5 bubbles from 5 compositions- The bubble from the 3rd composition was the first to give up, after a while the bubbles of the 2nd and 4th compositions burst. The 1st and 5th squads showed the best results.
Test 3. Big bubble.
To blow large soap bubbles, we take a regular plastic bottle with a cut bottom.
For each composition, several attempts are made to inflate the largest possible bubble. It is also interesting that, for example, from composition No. 5, which lasted 51 seconds in the previous test, almost the smallest bubbles were obtained. This means that the lifetime of the bubble is not the most important thing. The 1st, 2nd and 4th squads showed the best results.
results testing soap bubble compositions
Solution no. name of the experience | |||||
Poke with a soapy finger | |||||
Lifetime - average, in seconds | |||||
Big bubble average/sec/ | dropped out | dropped out |
|||
Results: | 1st place | 3rd Place | dropped out | 2nd place | dropped out |
Chapter III. Conclusion
After working on the chosen topic, I confirmed my hypothesis that at home you can create a universal composition for wonderful soap bubbles. However, it must be remembered that in addition to the main substances (soap), you also need to add several components, the main ones of which are water, glycerin, a little sugar, gelatin, and food coloring.
The water for the solution should be soft or, even better, distilled. Heavy water due to its mineral content will cause fragile bubbles that will not last long.
What detergent should I use? From my own experience I was convinced that the best thing that can be is laundry and baby soap
For long-lived blisters, it is recommended to add pure glycerin to the resulting solution, which can be purchased at a pharmacy at a reasonable price. An aqueous solution of sugar with gelatin, which can always be found in any kitchen, also works.
In fact, any cleaning liquid will work for bubbles, but the best results will be obtained using the ingredients described.
Making a soap solution for blowing soap bubbles at home is a completely doable and interesting activity. There are a lot of recipes for a solution for soap bubbles, but all authors note that the quality of bubbles is strongly influenced by many external factors: air humidity, temperature, season, dust, wind, quality of soap, etc. Therefore, there are no exact proportions of the ideal solution. The only way to make a good solution is through your own trial and error.
In our experience, the soap solution according to the first recipe showed the best results. You can do tricks with soap bubbles yourself at home! And it's very exciting.
You can blow a giant soap bubble yourself after some training and explanation from adults. But such a bubble does not always result. It may be necessary to make changes to the composition recipe. And it’s worth repeating this experiment outdoors in the summer with the help of the wind.
Blowing soap bubbles lifts our mood, we forget all our problems, and our lungs are well developed. All this has a beneficial effect on health.
Studying soap bubbles is a very interesting activity. Perhaps I will continue this work in high school, when we study physics, and the secrets of the soap bubble will be revealed on the other side.
Literature
Geguzin Ya. E. Bubbles: Science, 1985.
Varlamov S. Experiments with soap film / S. Varlamov // Quantum. - 2006. - No. 3, p. 37-38.
Titus Tom. Scientific fun: interesting experiments, homemade products, entertainment / Tit Tom - M.: Meshcheryakov Publishing House, 2008. - 224s.
Sklyarevsky E. Soap bubble as a mystery of science.
Internet resources:
http://ru.wikipedia.org/
http://bubblesmile.narod.ru/recept.htm "Site about soap bubbles"
- Big soap bubbles. Little experiments by bubble lovers. Fun-bubbles.narod.ru
- Soap bubbles in the cold. Article from the electronic library of the international public organization “Science and Technology”http://n-t.ru/tp/nr/mp.htm
- Soap bubbles in painting. Blog archive Japan fan club.http://japanblog.su/post164242869/
Annex 1
Social survey of students in grades 2-4
Do you like blowing soap bubbles? Diagram 1
Do soap bubbles lift your spirits? Diagram 2
What solution do you use to blow soap bubbles?
Diagram 3
Recipes for making soap bubbles,
used in research work
Recipe for solution No. 1
- 100 ml water,
- 50 ml dishwashing detergent,
- 50 ml bath foam,
- 10 ml glycerin,
- 10 ml of an aqueous solution of sugar and gelatin.
Recipe for solution No. 2
- 100 ml water,
- 100 ml dishwashing detergent,
- 10 ml glycerin.
Recipe for solution No. 3
- 100 ml water,
- 100 ml bath foam,
- 10 ml glycerin.
Recipe for solution No. 4
- 10 ml aqueous solution
Sugar and gelatin
- 100 ml dishwashing detergent.
Solution No. 5
- from the shop.
Table 1
Big bubble
average/sec/
dropped out
dropped out
Results:
1st place
3rd
Place
dropped out
2nd
place
dropped out
Appendix 2
Photo report
on the experimental part
Experiment No. 1
Preparing 5 soap compositions for bubbles.
Experiment No. 2
Test 1. Poke with a soapy finger
Experiment No. 3
Test 2. For the life of a soap bubble.
Experiment No. 4
Test 3. Big bubble.
Social survey of students in grades 2-4
2 "B" class
4 "B" class
3 "A" class
3 "B" class
