Roofing work is carried out at external temperatures down to -20°C, and in the Far North up to -30°C.

12.1. BASE DEVICE

At subzero temperatures, screeds are installed from prefabricated or monolithic asbestos-cement and cement-sand slabs. Work with solutions without antifreeze is allowed down to -10°C. Tash antifreeze or sodium carbonate salts are recommended in cement-sand mortars, in which soil sand is replaced by expanded clay.

The solution is placed heated to 60°C, excluding additional transfer from the bone to the container. The solution is delivered in closed tanks, preferably thermally insulated. The longer the solution is exposed to open frost before work is carried out, the worse the quality of the coupling will be.

After installing the screeds, priming (in the amount of 600 g/m2) and covering with an insulating layer are immediately carried out.
When installing asphalt screeds, the steep fractions of the mineral filler are replaced with sand.
Before laying, the mixture is heated using heating elements to the operating temperature of the asphalt concrete mixture.
The mixture is laid in 4x4 m squares along verified slats with a thickness 1.5 times greater than the thickness of the screeds at a positive temperature. Heating the surface and the laid mixture allows it to be better leveled. The surface of the screeds is primed with bitumen primers (800-1000 g/m2), liquefied in a slowly evaporating solvent and heated to 40-50°C.
In winter it is allowed to replace cement-sand screeds asphalt concrete over rigid and semi-rigid insulation, which will significantly reduce the quality of the roof. In general, in extreme cases, a large-sized assembly is used instead of a monolith. A little solvent is added to hot mastics to reduce the liquefaction temperature. The seams between the slabs are filled with a mixture of liquefied bitumen and corrugated filler. Screeds must be primed immediately.

Thermal insulation

Thermal insulation is laid from slabs sorted by thickness on a leveled base. The leveling layer underneath is made of coarse sand or granulated slag. The joints are sealed with mastic (bitumen + asbestos) or a mixture of liquefied bitumen with corrugated filler.
Monolithic thermal insulation can only be constructed from bitumen-perlite slabs, connected to each other on site by melting the edges.

12.2. ROOF CONSTRUCTION

The base is cleared of ice (you can use the SO-YU7A machine).
For gluing, cold mastics are preferred. For deposited materials, a burner (propane-butane) is used.
Rolled materials are rolled out in a warm room and kept before gluing at a temperature of 20-25°C for 24-28 hours, rolled up and placed in 5-7 rolls in a heat-insulated container.

They are glued by melting the bitumen layer. First, it is advisable to apply a primer (800 g per m2) to the base.
After it dries (until the film stops coming off), try on the panel on the gluing strip along the chalk line. Bend the panel 0.5 m, use a burner to melt the covering layer of the bent part (or apply hot mastic to the base of the gluing area) and manually press the carpet to the base.
Next, the unglued roll is rolled up, slightly heating its outer surface with a burner to avoid breakage. After this, put the roll on the roll stacker and lay it as usual (warming up both the carpet and the base on which it is laid). The roller is used to press it to the base.

The overlaps and the carpet itself are rolled 3-4 times with a weighted roller (90 kg).
Important! Before melting the cover layer on the gluing line, it is necessary to adjust the burner torch, tilt and up to the panel so that the cover layer softens to a viscous-fluid state, warming up to 160-180°C.
An indicator of overheating is a roll of mastic in front of the sheet being rolled out and, which is completely unacceptable, yellow mastic vapors.
Connection to vertical surfaces:

After cutting and marking, the panel is bent into 2 parts, the length of which corresponds to the length of the vertical and horizontal gluing sections. Then, with a burner, the covering layer is softened into parts glued to the vertical surface, while simultaneously heating (or priming with bitumen) the vertical surface itself. The carpet is pressed and thoroughly rubbed.
The horizontal surface is also glued in the same way.
A protective layer is installed in the warm season.
Working with hot mastic in winter is impractical.
It is possible to use polymer additives and solvents (5-7%). It is better to replace mineral fillers with a solution of polyisobutylene (3-5%).

Short-term (10-15 min) overheating of mastics is allowed (bitumen - above 160-180°C, tar - above 140-160°C by 10-20°C).
To install roofs at an external temperature of -20°C, mastic is applied in small areas of no more than 0.5 m2 (for example, 1 × 0.5 m), quickly leveled with rakes and the carpet is pulled on. Any overlap in winter should be at least 10 cm.
It is more rational to use cold mastics in winter, for example, bitumen-latex-kukersol.
Before application they are heated to 70-80°C. The cloth must also be kept indoors. A roll is rolled out over the primed base, applying heated cold mastic to the carpet and base using spray rods. When pressing, it is necessary to monitor the longitudinal overlap. When pasting upper layers The mastic is applied only to the underlying layer and carefully pressed against the panels of the lower layers.

Rolling is carried out after laying all layers at least 3 times with a weighted roller. It is advisable to postpone gluing the upper layers until the warm season, gluing 2 emergency lower layers.
When installing mastic roofs (reinforced and non-reinforced), cold asphalt mastics with antifreeze or hot fiberglass-reinforced bitumen are used. The use of emulsions is unacceptable (at temperatures below -5°C).

Antifreeze (ethylene glycol or methyl alcohol up to 15% by weight of the paste) is introduced into cold water mastics in a warm room. The mastic is delivered to the roof heated to 40°C and immediately applied to the base, leveling with rakes, controlling the thickness of the layer. With mastic hot bitumen roofing they work similarly to rolled materials on hot bitumen mastic, where the rolled material is fiberglass, but after it is laid and pressed (with a roller with armored mesh) an additional layer is applied on top of the panel until the fiberglass cells are completely impregnated.

Previously, the installation and repair of soft roofs were strictly limited by seasonality, since both main roofing materials - bitumen and roofing felt - are powerless in frost. Bitumen quickly cools, loses its plastic properties, and when working with it in winter, it is necessary to introduce plasticizers. Roofing material cracks in the cold, the rolls do not completely roll out, becoming constrained and formed in waves.
All developments of roofing materials were aimed at improving their properties at low temperatures, so that work on soft roofing could be carried out all year round. Soft roofs usually imply a large-scale structure, most industrial, civil and residential buildings large area equipped with a soft roof. And stops in large-scale construction related to the time of year are equally disadvantageous for both the customer and the contractor. Man is accustomed to struggling with difficulties and subjugating nature to his will, and he has succeeded in this now.

In addition, in winter it may be necessary to carry out repair work for a number of reasons: leaks were discovered a long time ago, but did not get around to summer period. Over the winter, damage will increase even more, undermined by frosts and thaws, and with the onset of persistent heat, the roof will lose its main function - waterproofness.
In winter, the most important operation is drying and warming the base. And before installation - uniform and sufficient heating of the roofing materials.
And here, whether you like it or not, you will have to depend on the weather: in snowfall, rain or a sharp thaw, as well as in very severe frost, you will not work.

When laying overlay materials in winter using propane torches, only a virtuoso roofing master can guarantee an excellent coating. Usually the same heating roll! unevenly, like the base; due to the low temperature, the laid layer cools too sharply; sometimes the base and the material cool down before gluing occurs. There are a lot of untaped places.

New technology In the installation and repair of roofs in winter, the use of the method of infrared heating of the covering layer of rolled fused materials has become possible - this significantly improves technologically winter work and improves the quality of the work performed.
The use of infrared radiation means a fixed temperature heating the surface sufficient to melt the coating! layer, and eliminates overheating and boiling of bitumen, which previously harmed the roof.

In addition, the equipment for infrared radiation is electric (the power supply is 380 V), which reduces the fire hazard of roofing irradiation by eliminating the need for burners.
For the above method, the Luch bus is used.

In it, materials are heated by infrared: irradiation in a relatively closed cavity, connected with the equipment housing. The surface of the material heats up no higher than 160°C, without tact, and the closed housing eliminates sudden temperature changes with the surrounding air.
The roll web is pressed tightly to the base by a multi-section rolling shaft. The surface layers soften by 0.5-0.8 mm and form! Place a roller of molten bitumen about 1 cm thick. The roller moves in front of the rolling surface, additionally coating the base with a layer of tone and filling all the unevenness in the base.

This method guarantees complete adhesion at the molecular level.
First, prepare the base: the screed is cleaned of dust and primed with a primer. Primer material 700-800 g per 1 m2 OCHI niya. The end of the roll is inserted into the Luch machine, on the frame of which an infrared emitter and a pressure roller are mounted. The three heating elements facing the pressure roller are covered with a metal cover. The flow of radiant energy emitted by the emitter is directed to the point of contact between the base and the adhesive panel, the filament body is located 2-3 cm from the heated surfaces. Then the infrared emitters are turned on, the machine warms up for 15-25 s, after which the bitumen begins to melt on the lower surface of the sheet, which lasts 1-3 s, after which the installation is manually moved along the rolled roll. The heated panel is pressed with a roller to the base, which is heated simultaneously with the panel. The degree of heating is controlled by the width of the strip of bitumen squeezed out from under the roll: the strip of flowing bitumen should be about 1 cm wide.

Thanks to the rapid surface heating, the integumentary layers soften by only 0.5-0.8 mm, i.e. Only a small part of the binder mass is heated.

Heating and melting of the coating layer occurs only on the side being deposited; on the other side, the material remains unchanged. When the movement stops in the middle of the slope, the frame with heating elements is turned upward to prevent overheating of the material. The rolling time of a 10-meter roll is 3-10 minutes (depending on the modification of the machine and the time of year).

The small-sized installation “IKO-500” consists of only one heating element mounted on a frame with a handle by which the worker holds this device.

To connect each of these machines to an external network with a voltage of 380/220 V, a special electrical control panel is used. Shield weight 10 kg. Connection to the external network is carried out using a cable type.KG. The control circuit is powered through a step-down transformer with a voltage of 36 V. The electrical panel provides for the connection of two units at the same time.
Particular attention should be paid to the following requirements.

Prohibited:
. apply roofing materials in the presence of fire (the design of the machine and parts are not designed for such high-temperature operating conditions);
. allow a large amount of soot on the insulators and conductive elements of the machine. Soot (i.e. coal) is an electrical conductor and leads to burnout of conductive elements of equipment. Soot appears when bituminous materials ignite during work, which is only possible if the operator is negligent in his work;
. allow direct irradiation of the support roller;
. allow the elements of the emitter to be shorted to the housing or to each other. This leads to the destruction of the emitters;
. work without a multilayer reflector included in the design of the machine;
. make repairs and touch conductive structural elements without turning off the circuit breaker. It is possible to turn on the equipment independently when the control wire is short-circuited to the housing;
. operating equipment by untrained personnel.

On newly purchased equipment, check the tightness of all electrical contacts on the machine and on the electrical panel.
At each new facility, you cannot begin work without preliminary preventive maintenance of the equipment: you should wipe off the soot from the machine with a soft brush and check the tightness of the electrical contacts again (they loosen during operation from constant heating and cooling). Check the emitters for an interturn short circuit and the possibility of a short circuit to the housing.
The use of the Luch machine is possible both on horizontal and vertical surfaces, which makes it easier to do such a complex and painstaking thing as making connections.

The heating block “Luch”, which is part of the roofing machine, consists of three heating elements. Disabling the middle element makes it possible to strip-glue materials for a ventilated roof without additional costs, which is important when repair work ah, during new construction in the cold season, in buildings with high humidity. Ventilated roofs do not form swellings and allow you to keep the insulation and screed dry for a long time.
"IKO-YOO" is a lightweight version of the "Luch" machine. It is operated by two workers, the operating technology is no different from that described above and allows you to glue smooth bends of the roof and vertical sections.

"IKO-500" is a device weighing 6 kg and irradiator dimensions 25x35 cm. Used in hard to reach places, for lining pipes, corners, etc. When working with it, the base is first heated, then the applied material (with visual control of the heating) and the heated surfaces are pressed. All this happens without the use of open fire.

To prepare the base, the RMKL roof regenerator is used in the infrared irradiation method system.
From the realm of science fiction: the use of infrared equipment from RMKL in preparing the foundation
not only allows the installation of a new roofing carpet over the old pie, but also significantly improves the properties of the latter. When drying the old coating, infrared rays regenerate and compress the layers of the old roof, restoring solidity and leveling the old coating. The allowed number of layers of old coating is 10.
Security measures:
Persons who have reached the age of 18, who have studied all technical documentation and are trained in handling the machine, as well as who have undergone technical instruction, are allowed to work on machines with infrared emitters “Luch”, “IKO-YOO”, “IKO-500”. ke security.
Before starting work, it is necessary to check that the protective grounding is in good condition.
The operator working on the machine must have an electrical safety group of at least 2.
It is not allowed to work if the insulation or control wire is damaged.
It is strictly forbidden to carry out any repair or other work on the machine without turning off the machine on the control panel.

It is prohibited to work on the roof using any electrical equipment during precipitation.
You should constantly monitor the serviceability of the switch on the steering wheel, which should automatically turn off the car when you remove your hands from the steering wheel.

If a malfunction is detected in the machine or voltage is present on the body (electric shock), it is necessary to stop work and inform the work manager.
Responsibility and supervision over the safe operation of the machine rests with the person responsible for the electrical equipment and appointed by order.
For fire safety reasons, it is prohibited:
. work without an equipped fire station in the work area;
. store flammable liquids near the work site.

At the end of the work, the electrical panel must be completely disconnected from the external network.
The infrared roofing machine of the “Beam” type is not subject to certification in the field of fire safety.
When carrying out roofing work with machines of the “Luch” type, in the field of safety, you must comply with the rules in accordance with SNiP 12-03-99 “Occupational Safety in Construction”.
Operation of Luch type machines at explosive objects is permitted only with the permission of the relevant services.
Connecting “IKO-YOO” or “IKO-500” to the electrical control panel of a roofing machine (to other electrical panels is strictly prohibited) is permitted only to electricians on duty or operators who have an electrical safety group of not the second and only according to the electrical diagram attached to the passport.

The term “soft roof” means a direct or inverse arrangement of layers of bitumen - polymer mastics and materials based on fiberglass, fiberglass and polyester fabric.

In this article we will look at the device in winter period, And Is it possible to make a soft roof in winter??

We will also touch upon the issues of operating soft roofs in winter time and removing snow from the surface.

First, let's look at existing species soft roof.

In official documents, another term is used to refer to soft roofing - roll roofing.

The design and repair of soft roofs is established by the Code of Practice SP 17.13330.2011 SNiP II-26-76"Roofs".

The document classifies roll roofing as straight and inverted roofs, with an insulation layer made of bitumen, bituminous - polymer material, various membranes and mastics.

With a carpet made of rolled material with a gravel or coarse-grained topping, it varies from 1.5 to 10%, from bitumen-polymer material with coarse-grained topping - from 1.5 to 25%.

To create a slope along a horizontal base, use a screed cellular concrete monolithic installation. The screed can be laid on the base or on the insulation. It is possible to use special shaped additions made of slab insulation.

Soft roofs with a slope of ≥ 25% are performed subject to the use of hot mastic and rolled material with a heat resistance of 90°C, or cold mastic with a heat resistance of 100°C.

Composition of a soft roof with a direct arrangement of layers looks like this:

Base;
Slope-forming layer;
Vapor barrier;
Insulation;
insulation from 2 – 4 layers of bitumen roofing material, upper layer has a fine- or coarse-grained topping.

The number of insulating layers is taken taking into account technical characteristics roof material and slope

IN inversion roof layers are arranged in reverse order:

Base;
Slope-forming screed;
Waterproofing carpet;
Insulation;
Filter material;
Load of gravel or concrete slabs.

Inversion roofing is performed with large areas and on exploited roofs.

Materials for soft roofing

A large number of roofing materials are produced in Russia. To carry out repairs or install new
roofs in winter Suitable materials with flexibility on timber with a diameter of 15 cm at a temperature of -25° From the brands Technoelast, Uniflex, Linokrom, Bipolykrin, Bikrost, Krovlyelast and others.

The common thing is a bitumen-polymer resin applied to a base made of fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester.

Materials intended for fusing have a special film underneath that melts when heated - it serves as an adhesive. Roofing materials without film are glued to bitumen-polymer mastics. Materials for the lower layers of the carpet are produced without mineral sprinkling; materials for the top layer have coarse or fine-grained sprinkling.

Major repairs and minor repairs - what's the difference?

Difference between major repairs and minor roof repairs are significant. To assess the condition of the roofing pie, pits measuring 1x1 m are selected in several places, Based on the exposed areas, the number of layers of the carpet is determined, type and condition of insulation, presence of vapor barrier.

Major repairs involve replacement, assessment of the condition of the insulation: if it is not in working condition, replacement of the insulation is required. If the insulation is in working condition, measures are taken to dry it.

NOTE!

For minor repairs on defective areas of the roof, replace the carpet or lay additional layers waterproofing material. When performing repairs or installation by a contractor, each layer of roofing materials requires drawing up acts of hidden work.

Previously used slab insulation made of foam concrete and polystyrene are not able to meet the requirements of current standards for the resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures and they are completely changed. In addition, current standards have tightened the requirements for vapor barrier of insulation: previously, insulation from moisture vapor from residential and office premises was not required. Respectively, To install a vapor barrier, it is necessary to dismantle the insulation.

Waterproofing and vapor barrier layers made of roofing felt, roofing felt, glassine, whose service life is no more than 5 years, definitely require replacement.

Common defects

Defects most often arise due to technology violations performance of work, non-compliance design solutions, carelessness of the staff and lack of care from the owner of the house.

Regular inspection of the roof, timely detection of swelling, vegetation, cracking and delamination of the material can prevent leaks and wetting of the insulation.

Several methods have been developed to detect leak locations.

The most effective method - filling the roof with water and draining the water after identifying the locations of defects - is possible on flat roofs and with special equipment.

Leaks occur after precipitation or within 1-2 days later. There may be flickering leaks that appear periodically.
Leaks of the first type indicate mechanical damage to the coating, improper installation or poor quality material carpet
Leaks of the second type appear due to poor-quality sealing of junctions and in the case of incorrect installation fencing and drainage system.
Flickering leaks they talk about microcracks in the roofing material and insufficient size of aprons at the junctions.

Now let's talk about whether it is possible to lay soft tiles in winter?

Installation of soft roof in winter

Is it possible to install a soft roof in winter? Winter is not the best best time for roofing work. However, if necessary and following the rules, you can lay a soft roof in winter:

Laying in winter should be done under a special awning;
Working with solutions on water based conduct at a temperature not lower than +5° C;
Thoroughly dry the base before applying mastics and primers;
Soft roofing becomes very hard in winter and becomes brittle, so it should be thoroughly heated;
Warm up the carpet material at room temperature before laying it within 1-2 days.

CAREFULLY!

The use of gas burners for roofing work is permitted with non-combustible insulation materials(stone and basalt wool, fiberglass). When using insulation of flammability group G4 (expanded polystyrene), fusing should be carried out with a construction hair dryer!

The quality of roofing work in winter depends on compliance with the rules for working with materials. Soft roof installation at negative temperatures:

The base must be smooth and dry;
The screed for the slope must mature;
Contact of porous insulation with wet materials and screeds is not allowed;
Before fusing the waterproofing layer, surfaces (insulation, plastered parapets, ventilation shafts) must be primed with a primer;
The junction areas must be protected with aprons.

Installation of roofing on a flat roof

Laying a soft roof in winter requires more technological operations: warming up the carpet material at room temperature, drying the base, warming up the material before laying gas burner or a hairdryer. As a result - additional waste of resources and money, low labor productivity. If you comply with the requirements of the material manufacturer's technological maps, laying soft tiles in winter is possible, but not economically feasible.

Temperature conditions and roofing work

In regulatory documents no direct ban carrying out repair work on the roof in winter.

The main requirement for outside air temperature is written in SNiP 3.04.01 - 87 “Insulation and finishing works”: roofing can be carried out in the temperature range from -30 to +60° C.

Work with flammable mastics is allowed down to -20° C.

Work with water-based compounds without antifreeze additives– not lower than +5° C.

The possibility of carrying out work largely depends on the technical characteristics of the material. If the passport indicates flexibility on a beam with a diameter of 15 cm at a temperature of -25 ° C, then at -30 it will break.

So, repairing a soft roof in winter at sub-zero temperatures in detail.

We repair soft roofs in winter

Urgent roof repairs can be done in winter two ways:

Replace the defect patch from roofing material;
Seal the leak with mastic based on polyurethane.

In the first case, the work is carried out as follows:

We clear the leak area from snow and ice;
Dry the leakage area with a gas burner or a hair dryer;
The amount of roofing material required for embedding, pre-heated to room temperature, is evenly heated with a hairdryer or burner from the bottom until the pattern changes;
Apply the patch to the leak site, align it from the center to the edges, eliminating swelling;
Glue by tapping with your hands or with a special roller.

Procedure for using mastic:

Clean the leak area;
Dry;
We prime;
We apply a layer of geotextile to the area to be repaired and secure it to the base with a stapler;
Pour a layer of polyurethane mastic;
After polymerization of the first layer (7-8 hours), we apply the second layer of mastic.

Preparation for repair

The first method is faster and easier, the second method is more reliable.

After renovation flat roof in winter it is advisable to leave there is a 5 cm layer of snow on it for protection from solar radiation and bad weather.

Roof care

A problem noticed in a timely manner minor defect easier, faster and cheaper to fix. In order not to bring the roof of the house to a state of repair, an inspection of the serviceability of the coating is necessary during the calendar year.

Is it necessary to clear snow from a soft roof? Yes, definitely!

In winter, it is necessary to clear the soft roof of snow: with a flat roof, heavy snowfall can exceed permissible load on the coating slabs - and this is a disaster! At pitched roof Excess snow will melt down in an avalanche. Cleaning soft roofs from snow is a mandatory procedure for roof care.

Is it possible to walk on a soft roof in winter? Urgently we do not recommend do this, since the coating becomes very fragile in winter and there is a high probability of damage to the coating.

This simple inspection will allow you to notice problems in time and make minor repairs.

Ceilings top floor- to detect stains;
Roofs - to detect swelling;
Roof junctions with parapets and at height differences;
Fastening aprons and sealing seals.

At sub-zero temperatures, pay attention to:

Icicle formation;
Ice plugs in funnels;
Icing of sections of walls near drainage systems;
The amount of snow on the soft roof.

Walking on a soft roof in winter is strongly not recommended!

In the fall, clean the roof and drainage system from fallen leaves. The topic of roof repair work is as broad as the number of roofing materials and technologies. If it is not possible to carry out repairs yourself, there is always the opportunity to turn to professionals. The roof of your house requires respect - the longevity of the building as a whole depends on its condition.

Useful video

And now we invite you to watch a video on repairing soft tiles in winter:

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Is it possible to cover the roof in winter?

Roofing work is one of the very last stages of any construction. But what if it coincides with late autumn? Until recently, every construction project was “frozen” for the winter, but thanks to the release of new materials, it has become possible to carry out roofing work in absolutely any climatic conditions.
Soft roofing is a material that allows installation even in severe frost. And you won't have to leave your house without a roof for the winter. The main thing in this work is to observe a number of features.

Roofing installation in winter and its main points

Two days before the start of work, all roofing elements are placed in a warm room with a temperature of at least +20 degrees.

Flexible tiles are delivered to the installation site gradually as needed.

The base on which the installation is made must be clean, dry and free of ice.

If the work is planned to be carried out in severe frost down to -20 degrees, then a “warmhouse” must be built. It is a kind of tent, which is built from boards or film over the area where the work will be carried out. The height of the structure should be such that it is comfortable for people to move around in it. Often, in order to increase the temperature, tents are supplemented with heat guns.

Asphalt shingles are known to adhere easily to roof sheathing and create an airtight seal when exposed to sunlight. But in winter there is little sun, so professionals advise using a heat gun.

How to choose the right soft roof for winter installation?

Ideally, the roof should have the lowest possible flexibility temperature on the beam, and the minimum size of the radius of the beam itself. Recommended temperature range from -55 0 to +110 0. Such characteristics guarantee that the flexible tiles will not crack during winter installation. This is also important in the future, namely when servicing the roof in winter. The coating is more durable and will not be damaged after removing snow or ice.

If, after reading this article, the question of whether it is possible to cover a roof in winter is still not entirely clear to you, call or request a call back. Our specialist will answer all your questions.

The use of soft roofing in private suburban construction is one of the most relevant topics today. This material has many advantages. It is lightweight, has high sound and heat insulation qualities, is resistant to corrosion, fungi and microorganisms, guarantees absolute tightness of the roof, and gives it a very attractive appearance.

It can be used to cover roofs of a wide variety of configurations. In addition, soft roofing has a long service life and low cost. Another important advantage of this material is that during rain the noise level is quite low.

In addition to high technical and performance characteristics, soft roofing has another advantage: it is so easy to install that you can even handle the work yourself.

General characteristics and types of soft roofing

Soft roof- modern construction material, made on the basis of fiberglass sheets impregnated with rubber bitumen on both sides.

A distinctive property of rubber bitumen is its high degree of tightness and moisture resistance. It is these qualities that explain the popularity of this roof in modern construction. The soft roof also contains a special coating, which increases its wear resistance and does not allow the rolled covering to stick together.

This material is an ideal choice for covering roofs with a slope angle of less than 11 degrees.

Soft roofing includes flexible or bitumen tiles, roll or membrane roofing.

Soft tiles

Soft flexible or bituminous shingles are otherwise called piece soft roofing, roofing tiles, shingles, shingles. Perhaps this is the most common type of roofing, which is an analogue of the ceramic variety of tiles.

Soft tiles are a flat sheet with shaped patterns cut out on one edge. The basis of soft tiles is non-woven pressed fiberglass, which can withstand heavy loads and is almost not subject to deformation. This type of tile can be different forms: triangular, oval, hexagonal. Usually it has a size of 1x0.33 m.

One of the main advantages of soft tiles is the ability to use them to cover roofs with domes and towers or roofs of unusual shapes.

Roll roofing

The second name for this type of roofing is bitumen-polymer. Often it becomes the only solution for installing roofs on agricultural buildings, reinforced concrete and brick buildings.

Roll roofing is made from fiberglass or synthetic material. This guarantees high waterproofing properties of the material.

The disadvantage of roll roofing is its vapor permeability.

Since a burner is used when laying roll roofing, it is necessary that the material does not burn, but melts. Otherwise, the installation cannot be of high quality.

Membrane roofing

Another name for membrane roofing is PVC membrane roofing. It consists of membranes made of TPO, EPDM and PVC.

One of the most important features The technology behind this type of roofing is that the seams are secured using hot air, and this guarantees high level their strength. The membrane is attached mechanically using additional adhesives. Fastening can also be carried out to the roof screed. Thanks to the membrane structure, the strength, reliability of the canvas and long service life are guaranteed.

Tools required for installation

Laying flexible roofing Even one person can do it. To install a soft roof, the following materials and tools are required:

hammer;

sealant;

mastic;

roofing nails;

trowel for mastic;

ridge-cornice strip;

waterproofing carpet;

end and cornice strips;

work gloves.

Ventilation system design

Purpose ventilation system is to ensure free air circulation, which is necessary in order to prevent the formation of condensation in the lower segment of the base. Without high-quality ventilation, rotting processes may begin in the rafter system, and in winter icicles or ice will form.

The main details of the roof ventilation system are exits and vents, gaps between the base and waterproofing of at least 5 mm in size. Natural ventilation can be ensured using the device ventilation holes, evenly distributed under the eaves overhangs.

Installation of cornice strips

Cornice strips are made on a metal basis and are attached to a lining on the overhangs of the cornices. They are necessary to protect the edges of the sheathing. Fastening is carried out using mounting nails, between which a 100 mm pitch must be maintained. At the docking points cornice strips it is necessary to make an overlap of at least 20 mm in length.

Installation of gable strips

Gable strips are also made of metal and are attached at the roof ends to the lining layer. Their main function is to protect the edge of the sheathing. Fastening is carried out similarly to fastening of cornice strips.

Valley carpet

Purpose of the device of this element is to protect the roof from rain and snow. It is chosen according to the color of the tiles. Fastening is done using roofing nails. The overlaps should be carefully glued.

When performing installation, remember to remove protective film from the bottom surface of the material. Laying of eaves tiles is carried out at a distance of 1 to 2 cm from the eaves edge along its overhang, clearly joint to joint.

Laying ordinary tiles

The process of laying the main part of the tile roof begins from the middle of the overhangs towards the ends. As a rule, 4 nails are used to fasten sheets. If the roof slope is very steep or there are strong winds, at least 6 nails must be used.

The first row is installed in such a way that its edge is located at a distance of no more than 1 cm from the upper end of the eaves tiles.

The joint points are covered with petals. When laying the next rows, you need to ensure that the tips of the petals coincide with the level of the cutouts of the previous row. Along the edges, the bitumen shingles are cut and glued (to a width of at least 10 cm).

Before installation begins, it is necessary to mark the slopes with chalk - draw horizontal lines on them. This is needed for precise installation sheets in an even row. If the geometry of the slopes is violated or installed on them additional elements(dormer windows, pipes), marking using chalk helps to align the rows.

Laying ridge tiles

For getting ridge tiles the cornice is cut into three parts at the perforation points. After this, it is laid with the short side on the ridge parallel to it. Each part must be nailed with four nails: two on each side. At least a 5-centimeter overlap is made on top of the nails with a subsequent tile sheet.

Lining layer

In places of possible leaks, it is necessary to create a lining layer: at the ends, valleys, and overhangs of cornices. During installation, it is necessary to observe the direction from bottom to top and overlap: in the transverse direction it should be 10 mm, and in the longitudinal direction - 150 mm. Overlapping areas are coated with bitumen mastic.

Ridges and valleys are respectively reinforced by 250 and 500 mm. In this case, the valleys are equipped with a lining layer on both sides; along the eaves overhangs and ends it is laid to a width of at least 400 mm.

The lining is nailed to the base every 200 mm using galvanized roofing nails. The purpose of the lining carpet is to protect it from moisture, as well as from destruction if the process of laying a soft roof is suspended.

Preparatory work

The base for fastening the soft roof must certainly be solid. This is the main difference between installing a soft roof and installing other types of roofs.

For example, when installing metal tiles, a sheathing is made with gaps between the beams, since this is a rather rigid material. This distinguishes it from a soft type roof, for which it is necessary to build a solid foundation.

When choosing edged boards it must be kept in a stack in advance so that it reaches a natural, uniform level of humidity.

It is better to purchase boards in winter and use them in summer.

Their width should be no more than 100 mm. It is preferable that the material be of uniform thickness and sawn to band saw. The maximum permissible moisture content of wood is 20%.

The method of laying a soft type roof involves laying materials of this type with the seams shifted or staggered. In this case, a gap of 1 cm must be maintained between them. The surface must be smooth, dry, and clean. The quality of installation and the service life of the soft roof depend on these conditions.

A prerequisite is the presence of roofing pie the following layers: a waterproofing layer laid on the rafters, mounted with outside overlapped onto the base of a waterproofing roofing carpet, and when planning an attic - insulation based on mineral wool.

Features of installing a soft roof

Installation of a soft roof is best done in dry, warm weather. Minimum temperature for work not lower than plus 5 degrees.

If it is necessary to carry out installation in winter, before starting work, the tiles must be kept in a room with room temperature. You can also use a hot air torch.

The need for a certain temperature regime is associated with the specifics of the shingle, which is a sheet consisting of 3 or 4 tiles. It is attached to the surface using nails or placed on inside self-adhesive layer.

The tightness of a tile-based roof is ensured by exposure to the natural heat of the sun's rays. Under their influence, the sheets are soldered to the base and to each other. This does not happen at low temperatures, so it is not possible to achieve high-quality insulation.

When installing a soft roof, you should use tiles from 5-6 packages at the same time, choosing one element at a time: this will avoid significant differences in shades if it is necessary to repair the roof using elements from a different package.

This quality is another advantage of this material: a slight play of colors and shades makes it much easier to replace tiles and gives its matte surface a more beautiful appearance.

How to choose mastic?

When laying the top layer of a soft type roof, it is necessary to use a special bitumen-polymer material, which makes it possible to create an elastic continuous coating that can withstand mechanical and temperature deformations of the base.

According to the technology for installing soft roofs, in order to attach the rolled material to the roof, you need to use cold and hot mastics.

As a rule, cold mastics are used for the construction of internal layers of the roof, and hot ones for the outer covering.

The category of cold mastics includes bitumen and roofing felt, and the hot ones include roofing felt and tar. The composition used must necessarily contain bitumen, a dust-like mixture or a fiber-based filler. From dusty materials it is necessary to separate gypsum, lime and ash.

Preparation of bitumen mastic

Bitumen mastic can be purchased ready-made, or you can prepare it yourself. To do this you need to take bitumen and filler. By mixing two parts bitumen and diesel fuel and one part filler, you can get a cold mixture. In one boiler you need to prepare diesel fuel and filler, and in the other you heat the bitumen (its temperature should be brought to 180 degrees). After the liquid from the bitumen has completely evaporated, the contents of both boilers are mixed.

For preparing hot mastic you will need a boiler. In it, bitumen is heated to 200 degrees. During the heating process, filler is added to it. It is very important to ensure that the temperature does not drop below 160 degrees during the procedure.

To check the quality of the mastic, it is heated to 60 degrees and laid at an angle of 45 degrees. If the coating drains, then its quality does not meet the requirements. If the mastic does not drain, you need to wait until it dries. If the material is of high quality, then cracks will not form on it.

The process of laying a soft roof

Immediately before starting installation, you need to walk over the wooden surface with a solution of bitumen and diesel fuel. Then you need to start covering with mastic. This should be done slowly.

At the end of this process, you need to move on to laying glassine and roofing felt. Installation begins from the middle part of the cornice and moves towards the ends - to the right and left. Before applying the underside of soft tiles, it is necessary to remove the film to protect the adhesive.

When using cold mastic, you must wait 12 hours after applying the layer. If hot mastic is used, the layers can be applied one after another.

All roofing parts must be nailed using 4-6 nails.

The instructions for laying soft roofing require that when installing the rolls, an overlap of 7 to 10 cm should be made.

In all cases, without exception, the basic rule of overlap must be observed: lay each top row in such a way that the fastening joints of the previous one are covered. Depending on their number, the next new layer is displaced: with two layers it is displaced by half, with three - by 1/3. After this, the excess is cut off at the edges and glued with mastic.

With high-quality installation, modern soft roofing materials can last about 30 years.

Laying roofing material near ventilation pipes

Roof areas located around pipes and antennas require correct insulation of joints and careful fastening of the material. The installation process is greatly simplified when using pass-through elements. Without these components, the tightness of the coating is compromised.

The installation locations for ventilation and pipes should be noted before laying the tiles.

After this, holes are cut. The edges of the underlayment will be glued around them using mastic. The upper surface of the carpet should be spread along the contours of the parts that will need to be glued and nailed. The tiles are laid on top of the mastic.

The junction points of the upper part of the pass-through part and bitumen shingles must be treated with sealant. Having reached the ridge line, it is necessary to use special ridge elements of a soft roof. They are bent over the ridge, glued to it and nailed with nails.

Repair work

The frequency of repairs is directly dependent on the base on which the tiles were installed and also on the cost of laying a soft type roof.

Wooden lumber, concrete and cement screeds react differently to soft roofing, which causes certain damage.

Cleaning the damaged area

Before starting work, it is necessary to decide whether there is a need for such work at all and in what form it should be carried out. For this purpose, a damage assessment is carried out. If holes form in the roll coverings, they will need to be filled with mastic. In this case, it is necessary to observe the sequence of materials used for this purpose.

Roll roofing can only be repaired in a completely clean area, which is very problematic, since roofing material There is a special sprinkle. Therefore, before starting repair work, the required area should be very thoroughly cleaned.

The crumbs are removed using process oil. When cleaning roofing felt, it is better to use anthracene oil, and for roofing felt, solar oil. These products remove the coating and soften the surface for further work.

Repair

Having prepared the area, you can proceed to the main work. If the flaws are small, it is recommended to use a simple mastic with a patch. This solution will not work if all roofing layers are broken.

If several layers are damaged, the area should be cleaned of the old layer of mastic and dried. Then prepare a mastic mixture with sawdust or sand. All damage is filled with this mixture to smooth out the edges. The mastic should extend at least 10 cm from all ends of the patch.

To apply the mixture in hard-to-reach places, use a regular spatula. If a water bubble appears in the roof, repairs are carried out in the same way as for a regular hole. In this case, the main task is to determine the source from which the water comes.

If cracks appear, roofing layer you need to cut to the bottom edge. After this, debris and mastic are removed, and then the area is dried and filled with new mastic. For small cracks, incisions may not be made. They are closed with a patch and mastic. If small cracks appear throughout the area, it must be prepared and covered with a layer of heated mastic.

Restoration of sprinkles

After completing the repair, the topping layer should be restored. This is necessary to prevent overheating and melting of the mastic layer. It is necessary to level the surface and cover it with a layer of sand. Any excess coating that does not adhere to the roof will be removed on its own over time.

CONCLUSIONS:

Soft roofing is very popular due to its lightness, tightness and affordable price.

TO soft species roofing applies soft tiles, roll and membrane roofing.

Before installation begins, a ventilation system must be installed.

In places where leaks are possible, it is necessary to install a lining layer.

Before installation begins, it is necessary to prepare the base.

To achieve tightness of the coating, it is better to carry out work in dry, warm weather.

Cold and hot mastic are used to attach the rolled material to the roof.

To maintain the tightness of the soft roof, it is necessary to properly isolate the joints near the ventilation pipes, and fasten the material very carefully.

The frequency of soft roof repairs largely depends on the quality of installation of the base.

You can learn more about the technology of laying soft roofs from the training video.