Mooring device
Each vessel must have a mooring device that ensures that the vessel is pulled up to the shore mud and floating mooring structures and mines in a reliable manner. fastening the vessel to the and m. The mooring device is used to secure the bottom of the vessel to the pier, the mouth of another vessel, roadsteads, palams, as well as ropes along the berth. The mooring arrangement includes (Fig. 6.32):
Mooring ropes;
Knekh ty;
Mooring locks and guide rollers;
Key plans (with and without rows);
Views and banquets;
Mooring lines mechanisms (windlasses, capstan, winches); vspo Powerful accessories (stoppers, fenders, brackets, throwing
ends).
Named and I'm mooring lines
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Mooring cables (ropes). Plants are used as mooring ends steel, steel and s and technical cables.
Steel cables are used less and less, as they do not take well into dynamic forces. ruzki, require more l l sh their physical mustache and ly when transferred from the side of the vessel to the pier. The most common on sea vessels are steel mooring lines with a diameter of 19 to 28 mm. Steel moorings are stored on hand-held reels equipped with a brake, pressed by a pedal to the cheek of the drum. On large vessels, mooring lines with a drive are installed.
Wide distribution of receiving or mooring lines from ready-made made from synthetic t ical cables. ABOUT neither easier than equal o chn y h im st a flax and plants ny mooring lines, have good flexibility, which remains with relative low temperatures. Synthetics are not allowed ches to no cables that have not passed with static processing and without a certificate.
To use the positive qualities of various types of synthetic cables, combined synthetic cables are produced. On the mooring lines dkah, where the moorings are They are made of steel, the part that goes to the shore is made of synthetic cable in the form of a so-called “spring”.
On ships transporting in bulk flammable liquids with a flash point and vapor point below 60 0 C, use the line ropes are allowed They are located only on the decks above the triples, which are not on top m cargo loading new compartments, unless pipelines for receiving and distributing cargo pass along these decks. Use artificial ropes on the tanker woven fiber This is possible only with special permission from the Register (if these cables break, sparks may form).
For timely detection of defects, mooring lines must be thoroughly inspected at least once every 6 months. individual inspection. Inspection also necessary perform after mooring and mooring in extreme conditions.
Depending on the position relative to the ship Wartovs are called: pro Longitudinal, pressing, springings (bow and stern, respectively) (Fig. 6.34). The mooring lines at the outboard end have a loop - a light, which is thrown on the shore pole or fastened with a bracket to the mooring eye th barrels (Fig. 6.35). Another the end of the cable is secured to and bollard, installation l on deck with at the bottom.
Bollards are paired cast iron steel or steel cabinets, p and located at a certain distance from each other, but having a common base aniye (Fig. 6.36). In addition to the usual new bollards, in some cases, especially on low-sided vessels, cross bollards are used, which can be either double or single ary.
The mooring ropes on the bollards are secured by applying a series of hoses in the form of sevens in this way The usual end of the cable was at the top (Fig. 6.3 7). Usually two to three full layers are applied measurements and only in exceptions In certain cases, the number of hoses is increased to 10. To prevent the cable from self-resetting, a shock is applied to it. To secure each mooring, according to this and the shore should There is a separate knekht.
Cluses. To pass the mooring line of the vessel to the shore, a hawse is made in the false side - a round or oval hole stiye, bordered e cast frame s g smooth round ny edges (Fig. 6.38). D l I'm wiring the mooring line Automatic winches are usually equipped with universal rotary fairleads (Fig. 6.3 9). Such fairleads protect the cables from fraying. On ships traveling along the Panamanian Canal, where the passage of the vessel through the locks is carried out using coastal tugs Yagachi, obligatory But they install Panam fairleads, which have a larger radius of curvature of the working surface than that of the side fairlead, and are better suited data for working with about mooring lines of large diameter.
Bale strips. Kipovs e slats are intended and the prices for changes were sent to mooring line (Fig. 6.40). At most All modern vessels are equipped with boiling water high strips from separately one hundred I have two or three rows of ls. Key planks without rollers with ov is usually used They only operate on small vessels with a small mooring line diameter.
Rollers reduce wear on cables and reduce t the effort required to select them And Rania. Branches (decks f) rollers are installed near the mooring mechanism and evil that prevented And it turns the braid of the mooring on the drum (crustacean) (Fig. 6.41).
Views and banquets. To store mooring ropes, banquets and vyushki are used (Fig. 6.42, 6.43). The latter represent a horizontal bar aban, the shaft of which is closed e captive in the bearing a x stanin y. On the sides of the drum there are disks, preventing cables from moving out.
| Rice. 6.43. Cable at the banquet |
| Rice. 6.4 2. View |
Throwing ends (throwouts). To supply mooring lines to the shore or other structure, it is usually used is called flamboyantly s th end - easy p e-line cable with sand in a cable braid at the end (Fig. 6.44). The end of the anchorage is behind the mooring line and the latter is fed through the mooring or towing lock (Fig. 6.4 5). I place the casting in the barriers and hold it with the the rim end is thrown onto the pier. With the help of this light cable, relatively heavy moorings are pulled ashore. The throwing end is made poured from tench n oh about 25 metro.
Fenders are used for protection protection of the ship's hull from damage Waiting time when mooring. Soft fenders are most often made from wicker from old plants no cable. Applying They also have cork fenders, representing which are not b large spherical sth bag, fill itnfinelyth cork y. In the last eday vreI'd love toOLee ShiRsome examplesntion nahOwood stumpmaticallyAnde Kranzs.
Rice. 6.45. PrepareTovated d la mooringOVki workplace:1 - cable; 2 - ejection; 3 - portable chain stopper
Portable stoppers. IN sabusive withbyu mechanAndzma shvarTovny tRos laneeworn on To nekhty and h fasteningYut. So that when you transfernaxle cableA he doesn't like Tlooked up to n him beforeVaritelnO overhead svayut st Opor. One hundred Por crepeAndgo to fishmy y basicVbollard andland for the butt on the deckse vessel.
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Mooring mechanisms. For in sbirania w VartovoV could uselcallAhow are we With specialnoh tiredOallocated for thisth goals w Vartovnse mechanicAndsnakes (for example, mooring capstansAnd, winches, etc.), and each other Ande deckse mechanicAndsnakes (for example, b raspAnd, cargo winches, etc.), and meating w Vartovnse drumns.
For V ybiraniI mooring line Vcables to the tanke use atut tour Aglasses windlass (Fig. 6.48). Shvartov se spiers installedlare being d for works with food Ovym seamAmouthssmi. They occupyT little me Withta na palube, atVod spireI location Gaccording tod fell atfight (Fig. 6.49).
AutoOmaticesToIe shwarTovnye lebcaustic mo Gut tiredApour inI for slave Oyou from toOrims and nosessmi shwarTovami (pAndp.6.50). Sh Vartov P constantO finds WithI'm on bARabane Letroubles, ne requires WithI pre himdvaritelbnoah pregOtovki neRfood podhher and perenosa nA bollards p donkey obtIGiving. Automatic winchesheski bydpulling the shipO, choosing I slack in the cable, silt And poisoned Andthey sayAnda lot of tensionnducky troWith at and hchange P ship's positionTcarrierbbut whyland in percenteall the cargoVs operasAtions, inO tide time And low tide
ShvaRgoodsWiththe trinity must With will winbXia in SpanishRavnom withWithsadness, O wirelesserestfullym his village Toyannaya G relatednessb to action Vju. Bollards, seamTov hawse, toAndnew squaresAnki, napRavlyushchAnde rollss should always be enough Overy smoothTothem dlI'm in advanceVgrowth beforeRwear and tearRwasps. Rolicky, rowlysy and dRtight pOmoving elements should be easy to Asay goodbye b to eat wellandena and withmadhans. Chain e and cables se stoppers, verb b-gaki beforellifeb in good order s.
If you have automatic mooring winches and mooring rotary fairleads, you should periodically rotate the fairlead rollers and regularly lubricate the rubbing parts.
All ends, cables, fenders, mats, throwing lines must be dried in a timely manner, metal parts- clean and lubricate.
When mooring the vessel, the following must be done:
- it is prohibited to leave steel mooring lines on the windlass drums even for a short time, since when the moorings are pulled or jerked, the shafts of the mechanisms may be bent;
- in places with sharp fluctuation water level, it is recommended to use plant ropes or ropes made of synthetic materials as mooring ends;
- During loading and unloading, it is necessary to check that all mooring lines are equally covered and do not have excessive slack or are not too tight. Particular care must be taken to monitor moorings in ports where there are fluctuations in water levels;
- During strong winds or currents, the mooring lines that experience the greatest stress should be evenly tensioned. In the presence of swell, the mooring lines should have some slack in order to reduce their tension when the vessel rocks;
- during rain, mooring lines and painters made from plant ropes must be periodically etched, since when wet, they are shortened by 10 - 12% and can burst.
- Before starting mooring operations, make sure that the mooring mechanisms and views are in good condition and working properly.
- Start the mooring mechanisms only at the command of the person in charge of the operations.
- Select and release mooring ropes only at the command of the person in charge of the mooring.
- For mooring operations, use only serviceable ropes. Don't work with steel cables, in which the ends of broken wires protrude, strands are broken or the cable is deformed.
- Do not allow strangers to be in the areas where mooring operations are carried out.
- In preparation for mooring operations, distribute ropes of the required length along the deck. Do not pull cables directly from coils or views.
- Do not stand inside the hoses of a mooring line spread across the deck. When handing the rope for mooring, clear it of pegs.
- When giving the throwing end, warn by shouting “Beware!”
- No yesVcome onbcut the seam slackRtovny T dew when sampling his hearthnnom throwTspruce toOhead on. Heavy trOpoison you h through kneXt, imposeAndon him aboutdin - two w lag.
- Not asserustye hands and whether your legsAnd poisoned ltwisting cable.
- Nakladyaya troWith on kneh T, make sure you don't A not about him bcollapsedAndkeep the pegs awayVin no case mooringOvyny konI'll take itAndthose on stOpor, raceetchello everyonee education Vgoing toAtraps and T only after that againlcome to lifeO on the bollard.
- Taking w Vartovnsth cable nA stopper, n find itTgo aheadedi onPequalizationYu its tension enia and blAndsame 1 monthTra from meWithand imposeeniya hundredPora (for With intheticesky ropes - noAndsame 2 metRov).
- When aboutTdacha hundredPora nahodpleaselso muchORony, Ave.OantipolOpress onTlanguage w VartovnoGabout the cable, and to the sides e from the line And tense AndI.
- Strawlivaya troWith from the bays s, stand up e behind the bay facing in the direction nIu dviandreniya bleedAndcable andbscatterTe hoses inPright from With yourself.
- Knock outRaya or poisoningAI'm mooringOobvious trOsy, derandite godoVoh horsets, not suitable dI'm going to bollardAm or baRabanu shVartovnogO mechanism mand closer than 1 meter.
- Additionalnare significante hoses t Rwasp naklget on the drumAn mooringOvoy lebedki, spire or sconcewsawing tolbwhen stoppingnnom furAlow. Ne pitted against Vturn the cableschthere's a barAbath seamAoral mechanismmand when b Araban inRis expected in With to the side insBorki.
- By okObeginning w vartovkAnd to the top nno steel hosesO cable, s avedennoGo on the bollard, apply the gripTsome of thatnwho growsAndbody cable.
- When aboutTthe dacha with the bollard is pulled tightGtouch the cable T grew up to aboutbrazovaniI enough noh weakAndus, only after uhTwow I'll take it offAplease let me knowAnd with bollard A.
- Not onXget dressed n and the lines n gravityI choose mwow or With bullyingArequiredOsa, as well as V close tonEkhtov and ROulsov.
- Not youbeat and don't poisonTe cables, if with neithermand produceVget dressedAbots at rOUlsov IlAnd kipovs X slats (about freedomeclampingTy cableOin, etc.).
- NoOdragTe mooringVnew horsestss through To Luzy without specialnoh hookbev.
- DuringeI'm talking abouthleadership w Vartovnsx works don't keep your hands on the planwire bulwark, not bendthfuck yourselfefrom him. Ne transition Andthose from the courtnand athal, with prichaland on the ship or withatbottom on sudbut until okObeginnings w Vartovki.
- WhenAcart seamAmouthfootO cable w lskirt nAtake it d remaindernoh quantityethe quality of sludgeV cable d lI'm freenwow him P poisoningVania. Not picking upthyou brought themnsloopTooh shitTovny trOfrom before P oops, bye boat n I'm freedcomes from T the dew will not go awayT him to safety Oe distanceItion. IfAnd person To finds WithI'm mooringOin a barrel, don't waste itVneither V selecte mooring rope.
- ForPIs it uske?nthrowerbnoah cancereyou watchTe for thosem, to lin nah Owas diligentOd windm to the side ne from vaWith. Launch Ate linemdetailedatyu rocketsat with such calculation Toh sos she's up land for the goalYu.
- For PRhealth protectionnIya shvarTovnyh tRwasps from P heresyRAnya noOIt is necessary to place wood under the steel cablesny barsAnd, and under vegetable se - checkmates.
A steel mooring cable must be replaced if, anywhere along its length equal to eight diameters, the number of wire breaks is 10% or more of the total number of wires, as well as if the cable is excessively deformed.
The plant cable must be replaced if the heels are broken, damaged, significantly worn or deformed. Synthetic ropes must be replaced if the number of breaks and damage in the form of thread tears is 15% or more of the number of threads in the rope.
A mooring device is designed to secure a vessel at a berth or other structures. Elements of the mooring device:
- mooring lines - ropes , which are fixed at one end to the shore or other structure;
- bollards - serve to secure the ship's end of mooring lines;
- bales, fairleads - designed to prevent breakage and reduce friction of moorings;
- mooring mechanisms- serve for picking up (pulling up) and locking mooring lines;
- views, banquettes- designed for storing mooring lines;
- fenders- serve to soften shocks when mooring a vessel. (Fig. 6.16).
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The general diagram of the mooring device is shown in Fig. 6.14.
Rice. 6.14. General diagram of the mooring device.
1-automatic mooring winch; 2-rolls guide; 3-flea mooring six-roller; 4-mooring rope stopper; 5-bale bar with three rollers; 6- towing fairlead; 7- towing bollard; 8 - mooring bollard; 9- mooring rope; 10- automatic mooring winch with a turret; 11- mooring lines; 12- towing rope stopper; 13-bale plank with two rollers and basting; 14- non-drive view with brake; 15 - mooring fairlead; 16 - anchor-mooring capstan; 17 - breaker.
Moorings- steel, vegetable or synthetic ropes (cables). Currently, synthetic mooring lines are mainly used. These mooring lines have a number of advantages: they are light, flexible, strong, elastic (shocks are absorbed), but there are also disadvantages: they melt during friction, are destroyed in the sun, and when broken, release colossal kinetic energy (which is dangerous for mooring operators). To prevent sparking, these mooring lines must be impregnated sea water. Vegetable mooring lines (hemp, sisal, manila) are flexible, but less durable, susceptible to rotting and are currently practically not used on ships. Steel mooring lines are strong, but heavier and more rigid. To be able to work with steel moorings, they must consist of at least 144 wires and 7 soft cores. These mooring lines pose a danger to moorers and are used quite rarely.
The mooring lines at the outboard end have a loop - a fire, which is thrown over the shore pole. To supply moorings to the shore or other structure, it is usually used throwing end-light hemp cable with sand in a cable braid at the end (Fig. 6.16. And). With the help of this light cable, relatively heavy mooring lines are pulled ashore.
Depending on the position relative to the vessel, mooring lines are called: longitudinal, clamping, springs (bow and stern, respectively) (Fig. 6.15).
Fig. 6.15. Scheme of mooring a vessel with a log.
1-windlass, 2-bollard, 3-mooring winch, 4-hawse, 5-bale cleat, 6-mooring capstan, 7-stern longitudinal, 8-stern clamp. 9-stern spring, 10 bow spring, 11-bow clamp , 12-nasal longitudinal.
To secure mooring lines on a ship, bollards are used (Fig. 6.16. A). If the vessel is moored to high-sided vessels and high berths, then cross bollards are installed to prevent the mooring lines from slipping (Fig. 6.16. b). To prevent kinks in the mooring line and reduce friction, fairleads and bale strips are installed at the side of the vessel (Fig. 6.16. c, d, d). If the vessel uses mooring lines made of synthetic materials, then to prevent rapid wear of the moorings, fairleads with a rotating cage are installed (Fig. 6.16. e). Due to the fact that the cage rotates when the mooring line is pulled, the rollers end up in the plane of the ship's and shore branches of the mooring line, which eliminates sliding friction. In some cases, multi-roll fairleads, which are formed by several horizontally and vertically located rollers, are used for the same purpose. But at certain angles of inclination of the mooring line, it becomes pinched and deformed, which leads to rapid wear of the mooring line.
The mooring lines are stored on racks during the march (Fig. 6.16. and), drums of automatic mooring winches and on banquets. On a number of modern ships, views have electric drive, which makes it easier to moor the vessel. Banquettes are lattice wooden platforms that serve for storing mooring lines rolled into coils.
To pull up mooring lines, windlass heads, mooring capstans, mooring winches, automatic mooring winches, and multi-drum mooring winches are used.
In the absence of mooring winches, after pulling the mooring line using mechanisms, the mooring lines must be locked, and then transferred to the bollard and secured with eights. To lock the mooring line, cable stoppers are placed on it, usually made of the same material as the mooring lines, and sometimes stationary stoppers are used (Fig. 6.16. h).
Automatic mooring winches (Fig. 6.16. l)maintain the force in the mooring line within specified limits by releasing or picking up the mooring line. If the length of the mooring line exceeds a specified value, then to avoid an accident the winch is locked and feeds sound signal. On automatic mooring winches, the entire mooring line is on drums, which greatly simplifies mooring work and when changing the vessel's draft. But since automatic winches are bulky, it is not possible to install the number of winches corresponding to the number of moorings that the ship usually provides. In addition, automation often fails.
Fig.6.18. Double drum mooring winch with hydraulic drive.
Many modern ships now have multi-drum mooring winches. These winches do not have automation, but they greatly facilitate mooring work due to the fact that the minimum required number of mooring lines are located on the drums (for example, on a bulk carrier with a deadweight of 75,000 tons there are 8 mooring drums at the bow and stern). From the mechanism of this winch comes a shaft on which drums with mooring lines (from two to 4) are located. Each drum can be connected to or disconnected from the shaft using a jaw coupling (similar to an anchor drum) and each drum has its own stopper. This allows the operator to work with any drum (Fig. 6.17 and Fig. 6.18).
Mooring device designed for fastening a vessel to a berth, mooring barrels and beams, or to the side of another vessel.
The device includes: mooring ropes, bollards, fairleads, bale strips, rollers, views, mooring mechanisms,
as well as auxiliary devices - stoppers, throwing lines, fenders, mooring shackles.
, (mooring lines) can be steel, vegetable and synthetic. The number of mooring ropes on the ship, their length and thickness are determined by the Register Rules.
The main mooring ropes are supplied from the bow and stern ends of the vessel in certain directions, excluding. both the movement of the vessel along the pier and the departure from it.
Depending on the directions in which they are applied, mooring ropes got their name (Fig. 39). Cables 1 and 2, supplied from the bow and stern, keep the ship from moving along the pier and are called bow and stern longitudinal, respectively.
Cables 3 and 4 are called springs (bow and stern, respectively). Spring works in the opposite direction to its longitudinal end, and paired with another spring, it performs the same work as the longitudinal ones.
Finally, cables 5 and 6, fed in a direction perpendicular to the pier, are called bow and stern clamps, respectively. They prevent the ship from leaving the berth in strong winds.
(Fig. 40) are cast or welded hollow vertical bollards installed on the deck and are used for fastening mooring cables. On transport ships usually paired bollards with two steel or cast iron pedestals are installed on common ground.
Bollards usually have bosses that hold the lower cable hoists, and caps that prevent the upper hoses from jumping off the bollard. Bollards with pedestals without bosses and bollards with a cross are also installed. The latter are convenient for attaching mooring cables directed from above at an angle to the deck.
Bollards are installed in the bow and stern of the vessel on both sides symmetrically. The bollards in the middle part of large-tonnage vessels are used mainly for mooring small watercraft to the side of the vessel. The bollards are securely attached to box-shaped foundations, closed on all sides, welded to the deck.
rice. 39 Mooring ropes
Sometimes transport vessels are equipped with single-bollard bollards - bitings, which are used during towing. Bitens are massive pedestals, the bases of which are attached to the upper deck or passed through it and attached to one of the lower decks. To better hold the cable on the bits there are spreaders.
Special bollards with bollards rotating in bearings are of great convenience for mooring operations. equipped with a locking device. The mooring line fixed to the pier is placed in a figure of eight with two or three ropes on the bollard bollards, and then on the windlass head. When removing the cable, the bollards rotate and allow the cable to pass freely. At the right moment, remove the cable from the turret and place additional hoses on the bollard bollards. At the same time, the locking device keeps the cabinets from rotating.
rice. 40 Bollards
a - simple paired; b - steam rooms with tides; c - paired with a cross;
g - with rotating tables; d - biteng
rice. 41 Cluses
A - round shape; b - oval, c - oval with horns; g - Panamanian;
d - universal, e - universal rotary
Fairleads (Fig. 41) are devices through which mooring ropes are passed during mooring operations. They are steel or cast iron castings with round or oval holes bordering the same holes in the bulwark of the ship.
Working surface the hawse has smooth curves, eliminating sharp bends in the mooring cables. Fairleads are installed in the bulwarks using bolts or rivets.
To ensure mooring of small watercraft to the side of the ship, fairleaes may have tide horns. For the same purpose, in the immediate vicinity of the fairleads, cleats are welded to the bulwark or to its posts.
In places where railings are made instead of a bulwark, special fairleads are used, attached to the deck at the edge of the side. To supply mooring lines, towing fairleads, firmly attached to the bow visor and stern of the vessel, can be used, intended mainly for winding the towing rope.
Bale strips have the same purpose as mooring fairleads. They are usually installed in places where there is a railing, and are attached to the deck at the edge of the outer side.
(Fig. 42) are simple in design, with biting, with one or more rollers. To guide mooring lines supplied to high berths, high-speed vessels, etc., closed bale strips are used.
The most widely used are bale strips with rollers, the rotation of which while retrieving the cable significantly reduces friction and force on the mooring mechanism. To ensure the desired direction of the cable from the bale strip to the windlass turret, guide rollers are installed on the deck.
rice. 42 Bale strips
a - simple, b - with biting, c - with one roller; g - with two rollers;
d - with three rollers, e - closed with two rollers
Views are designed for storing mooring ropes. They have locking devices. Views are installed in the bow and stern parts of the vessel, not too far from the bollards.
Stoppers serve to hold mooring ropes when transferring them from the mooring mechanism drum to the bollards. Stoppers can be chain, vegetable or synthetic.
The chain stopper is a piece of rigging chain with a diameter of 10 mm, a length of 2-4 m, with a long link for fastening with a bracket to the deck butt at one end and a plant cable at least 1.5 m long at the other. Stoppers for vegetable and synthetic cables are made of the same material as the cable, but half as thick.
Throwing ends serve as a conductor for supplying mooring ropes to the shore when the vessel approaches the pier. The throwing end is a plant line or a braided nylon cord with a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 30 - 40 m with small fires embedded at the ends. One of them is used for attaching lightness - a small canvas bag tightly filled with sand and braided with skimushgar, the other - for the convenience of using the throwing end.
The throwing end, made from a new plant rope, is pre-stretched so that pegs do not form on it. To do this, a cable soaked in salt water is pulled between two vertical posts and a load is suspended from its middle.
Fenders are designed to protect the ship's hull from damage when moored, parked at a pier or alongside another ship. They are soft and hard.
Soft fenders are canvas bags tightly stuffed with some elastic, non-deformable material (for example, cork chips) and braided with strands of plant rope.
The fender has a firewall with a thimble for attaching a plant cable to it, the length of which should ensure that the fender is secured overboard at low berths and the smallest draft.
Hard fenders - wooden blocks(logs) up to 2 m long, suspended on cables to the side of the vessel. To give the fender elasticity, it is braided along its entire length with an old plant rope. When the vessel is moored at the berth, rigid fenders are suspended horizontally so that the fender rests on at least two adjacent frames.
Mooring shackles are used for fastening the mooring rope to the shore eye or the eye of the mooring barrel. To avoid deformation of the shackle or its pin when the mooring cable is under strong tension, it is recommended to place the shackle not directly behind the eye and eye of the cable, but as shown in Fig. 43.
§ 33. Mooring device
The mooring device is intended for securing a vessel when moored at piers, embankments, piers or near other ships, barges, etc.
The components of the mooring device on each vessel are (Fig. 60):
mooring - cables (ropes) intended for securing (mooring) the vessel at the mooring site. Steel, hemp, sisal, manila, nylon and nylon ropes (cables) are used as moorings on ships;
bollards - short pedestals, straight or cross-shaped, firmly fixed on the upper deck of the ship and used to secure mooring lines;
bale strips and cable bends - guide cables to the bollard or capstan, protecting them from rubbing against the sharp edges of ship parts;
mooring mechanisms - mooring capstans, winches used for selecting cables when pulling the vessel to the mooring site or for tightening mooring lines;
rope views - intended for storing mooring ropes on a ship during voyage;
fenders are gaskets that protect the side of a vessel from impacts when it lands on the wall or side of an adjacent vessel.
Rice. 60. Diagram of the vessel’s mooring arrangement with bow and stern spring; 2- fenders; 3-clamp mooring lines; 4- longitudinal mooring lines; 5-additional longitudinal mooring lines; 6- bale strips; 7- bollards; 8-moor fairleads; 9-rope views: 10-mooring capstan; 11-mooring turrets of the windpiel.
Rice. 61. Towing device diagram. 1 – towing winch; 2 – towing hook; 3 – intermediate fairlead with basting; 4 – towing rope from the winch; -5 – tow rope from the hook; 6- towing arch; 7 – towing fairlead; 8 – tow rope when towing on a short rope.
From book Impact force fleet (Kursk-class submarines) author Pavlov Alexander SergeevichGENERAL DEVICE The Project 949A nuclear submarine (code “Antey”) was created on the basis of Project 949 by inserting an additional compartment (fifth) to accommodate new equipment for ease of layout. Appearance its very remarkable - leaving a durable body
From the book All about pre-heaters and heaters author Naiman VladimirDesign and characteristics Operating principles The operation of non-autonomous heaters is based on two well-known physical phenomena: heating using electrical energy and heat exchange in a liquid medium, called convection. Although both phenomena are known,
From the book Auto Mechanic Tips: Maintenance, Diagnostics, Repair author Savosin Sergey2.2. Design and operation A gasoline engine is an engine with reciprocating pistons and forced ignition, operating on fuel-air mixture. During the combustion process, the chemical energy stored in the fuel is converted into thermal energy, and
From the book Electronic Tricks for Curious Children author Kashkarov Andrey Petrovich4.1. Design and operation To transmit torque from the engine crankshaft to the wheels of the car, you need a clutch (if the car has a manual transmission), a gearbox, a cardan drive (for a rear-wheel drive car), a final drive with a differential and axle shafts
From book General device ships author Chaynikov K.N.3.9.1. How the device works While it is dry around the sensor, at the input of the element DD1.1 high level voltage. The output of the element (pin 3 of DD1.1) is low and the alarm is turned off. At low humidity, and even more so when the sensor is exposed to moisture (drops of water) at the inlet
From the book Boat. Device and control author Ivanov L.N.§ 31. Steering device The steering device is used to change the direction of movement of the vessel, ensuring that the rudder blade is shifted to a certain angle in a given period of time. The main elements of the steering device are shown in Fig. 54. The steering wheel is the main organ that provides
From the book Medium Tank T-28. Stalin's three-headed monster author Kolomiets Maxim Viktorovich§ 32. Anchor device The anchor device is used to anchor the vessel, ensuring reliable anchorage of the vessel on open water and to remove it from the anchor. The main anchor device is located in the bow of the open deck and consists of the elements shown in
From the book "ELEPHANT". HEAVY ASSAULT WEAPON OF FERDINAND PORSCHE author Kolomiets Maxim Viktorovich§ 34. Towing device The towing device ensures the use of ships as tugs (pulling or pushing other ships) or is used to tow the ship by other ships. For this purpose, on ordinary ships, reinforced ones are installed at the ends of the upper deck.
From the book Garage. We build with our own hands author Nikitko Ivan§ 36. Boat gear The boat gear on a ship is used for lowering, lifting, storing and securing boats during travel. Boats (boats) are intended to rescue people in the event of an accident and loss of the ship, to communicate the ship with the shore, as well as to perform work on
From the book Managing and Configuring Wi-Fi in Your Home author Kashkarov Andrey Petrovich1.4. Construction of a six-oar yal The most common type of rowing and sailing boat is a six-oar yal (Fig. 1). Rice. 1. General form six-oared yawl: 1 – stem; 2 – tack hook; 3 – gap; 4 – hole for the lamp stand; 5, 37 – lattice hatches; 6 –
From book microwaves new generation [Device, fault diagnosis, repair] author Kashkarov Andrey PetrovichSTRUCTURE OF THE T-28 TANK The T-28 tank passes through Uritsky Square. Leningrad, May 1, 1937. The vehicle was produced in 1935, early type road wheels (ASKM) are clearly visible. TANK BODY. During all this time serial production T-28 tanks had two types of hulls: welded (made of homogeneous armor) and
From the author's bookDEVICE OF “FERDINAND” One of the finished “Ferdinands” in the courtyard of the Nibelungenwerke plant after painting and equipping with tools. May 1943 (YaM). According to its structure and layout assault gun"Ferdinand" was different from all German tanks and self-propelled guns of the Second
From the author's book From the author's book From the author's book2.1.4. Device DSP-W215 Electrical socket with integrated point Wi-Fi access The DSP-W215 model can also be used for quick and convenient connection of temperature sensors, security systems, smoke detectors, cameras. Settings and control are carried out via
From the author's book1. Design of microwave ovens 1.1. The secrets of the justified popularity of modern microwave ovens All or almost all methods of cooking come down to one thing - to heat the dishes and their contents, that is, to heat the frying pan or pan and, accordingly, its contents.
Each vessel must have a mooring device that ensures that the vessel is pulled to shore or floating mooring structures and that the vessel is securely fastened to them. The mooring device is used to secure the vessel to the pier, the side of another vessel, roadside barrels, palams, as well as constrictions along the berths. The mooring device includes:
Mooring ropes;
Mooring hawse and guide rollers;
Bale strips (with and without rollers);
Views and banquets;
Mooring mechanisms (windlasses, capstan, winches); auxiliary devices (stoppers, fenders, brackets, throwing ends).
Rice. Mooring device
Mooring cables (ropes). Vegetable, steel and synthetic cables are used as mooring ends.
Steel cables are used less and less often, since they do not take dynamic loads well and require great physical effort when transferred from the ship to the pier. The most common on sea vessels are steel mooring lines with a diameter of 19 to 28 mm. The steel mooring lines are stored on hand lines equipped with a brake pressed by a pedal to the cheek of the drum. On large-tonnage vessels, mooring eyes with a drive are installed.
Mooring lines made from synthetic cables are widely used. They are lighter than steel and vegetable moorings of equal strength, and have good flexibility, which is maintained at relatively low temperatures. It is not allowed to use synthetic cables that have not undergone antistatic treatment and do not have certificates.
To use positive traits synthetic cables of various types, combined synthetic cables are produced. On mooring winches, where the mooring lines are steel, the part that goes to the shore is made of synthetic cable in the form of a so-called “spring”.
On ships transporting flammable liquids in bulk with a vapor flash point below 60 0 C, the use of steel cables is permitted only on decks of superstructures that are not the top of cargo bulk compartments, if cargo receiving and discharging pipelines do not pass through these decks. Cables made of artificial fiber may be used on tankers only with special permission from the Register (sparks may be generated when these cables break).
For timely detection of defects, mooring lines must at least once every 6 months be subject to thorough inspection. Inspection must also be carried out after mooring in extreme conditions.
Depending on the position relative to the vessel, mooring lines are called: longitudinal, clamping, springs (bow and stern, respectively). The mooring lines at the outboard end have a loop - fire, which is thrown on the shore fell or fastened with a bracket to the eye of the mooring barrel. The other end of the cable is secured to bollards installed on the deck of the ship.
