Height modern houses become more and more, but the weight of concrete blocks does not decrease. For this reason, even for domestic purposes, it would be nice to do crane with your own hands. This design, naturally, will not have a large load capacity, approximately 200 kg. Of course, this is probably not the limit, but it’s better not to experiment. This crane is a completely prefabricated structure that weighs from 200 to 300 kg, so self-assembly such a crane will not cause any difficulties. In addition, this crane is very convenient to transport; it fits well in a Chinese pickup truck.
The cargo winch can be made from a worm gear with electric drive at 600 W, but the boom winch can be made from manual drive, organized through the same reducer.
You can use construction supports as a basis for outriggers on screw stops. To make drums for winches, you can use rotors from electric motors, and they should be selected according to size.
The mobile platform must be equipped with wheels that were previously on the conveyor trolley. This makes it possible to easily move the crane from one position to another; all that needs to be done is to remove the outriggers.
Removal and installation of these supports will take approximately five minutes. For this reason, the design can be considered quite mobile. However, there is a drawback: to move the crane you need to lower the boom to zero level, otherwise the crane may overturn due to imbalance.
The do-it-yourself crane has a five-meter boom made from a Ø 7.5 cm pipe and a square profile at the very base, made from a pair of corners. In addition, the crane has a portal to lift the boom, and a rotating mechanism, which is based on a hub from a truck.
As a counterweight, you can use a frame from a non-working machine complete with four caterpillar tracks, or just bricks. The winch does not include a brake, since the need to use it is a big question.
The turning mechanism also does not have a brake, since the crane is not designed to work with high speeds, and therefore the inertial forces are too small.
The thinnest metal used for this tap is approximately 3 mm. The outrigger and base are mostly made of rectangular pipe, with dimensions 85 by 50 and 85 by 55. A 200 channel channel is used to make the base of the tower. The hook cage is equipped with a powerful bearing, which means that the rotation of the hook does not depend on the pulley. At the same time, during rotation, overlapping or twisting of the track is eliminated.
The length of the stop screws is 40 cm. This is the reason that the installation of the crane can be carried out even on extremely uneven surfaces.
Now about the wheels, not everything is so smooth here. It's about about a small flaw. The essence of the problem is that when using a crane with the described wheels on loose soil, the wheels burrow into the ground while moving, and if the soil is hard, then there are no problems. The described construction can be considered one-time use, this means that after you have completed necessary work, it should be disassembled for metal or until next time. It is for this reason that this design has little load capacity and is not durable.
A crane of this type can be manufactured in approximately three days, taking into account the fact that all the necessary components are prepared. The production of gearboxes was made from the first items that came to hand. The gearboxes have the following gear ratios: 1 to 30 and 1 to 35.
A three-phase motor is connected to a single-phase network. It has a shaft output of 600 W and capacitors with a capacity of 80 microfarads. The weight of all installations, if not taking into account counterweights, will be approximately 250 kg, with a relatively low cost. The bulk of the components used are borrowed from other designs; you only have to worry about purchasing cables and bearings.
After you make a crane with your own hands, you can easily lift 150 -200 kg, which is quite impressive considering that it is not intended for industrial scale.
A simpler version of the tap:
For the whole long history Throughout his existence, man has more than once been faced with the task of lifting and moving heavy objects in space. For example, the familiar Egyptian pyramids consist of massive stone blocks that no one can lift. Therefore, one of the greatest achievements of mankind is the invention of the weight crane, which made it possible to significantly simplify the task of moving heavy loads and speed up the construction of houses and other objects.
Machine structure
The operating principle of a crane is based on the physics of simple mechanisms. The simplest version of the crane is a stick placed on a fulcrum in such a way that the free ends have different lengths. Now if you hang a load on a short lever, it will take less effort to lift it. The most common design is one that uses, in addition to levers, a system of blocks.
A do-it-yourself crane is an indisputable assistant in small-scale construction. When constructing a private house, the use of bulky industrial cranes is not required. The height of the houses rarely exceeds 2 floors, and the weight of the lifted load is 200 kilograms.
Although there are many variations of lifting mechanisms, a classic crane consists of the following parts:
- An arrow with a block attached to its end. Depending on its length, the height to which the load can be lifted is determined.
- Platform. The boom and counterweight are attached to it. It is the main part of the crane and is subject to significant loads. Therefore, when manufacturing a platform, it is important Special attention focus on its strength.
- Counterweight. Serves for crane stability. Defines the maximum load weight that the crane can lift. Stackable counterweight options are available to provide maximum stability.
- A guy wire connecting the boom and the counterweight. Allows you to adjust the tilt of the boom and move the load in both vertical and horizontal planes.
- Winch with cable. It is the lifting mechanism itself. The power of the winch determines how much weight the crane can lift.
- Stand with a rotating mechanism. It is necessary to turn the crane to the sides.
- The support cross, which is the base of the crane. Sets the stability of the entire structure. When manufacturing it, you should also pay attention to its strength.
terms of Use
To operate lifting mechanisms safely, certain rules must be followed.
These rules apply to anyone lifting device:
- The load capacity must not be exceeded. A load that is too heavy may damage the device.
- The base must be stable. Homemade lifting devices should be located on a previously prepared hard horizontal surface.
- When bad weather conditions You should also refrain from working with the crane. Strong winds will throw the crane off balance, and poor visibility may make it difficult to see people under the boom.
- Before operating the crane or lifting device, it is necessary to conduct an external inspection to identify malfunctions. If malfunctions are detected, operation of the crane is prohibited.
- It should be remembered that when working with the lift, you should not make sudden movements. The load must be lifted smoothly. And most importantly, do not stand under any lifted load.
What characteristics should a garage lift have?
In garage conditions, two types of lifting mechanisms are used. The first type includes a lift that can lift the entire car, and the second type includes a goose-type lift that allows you to move loads around the garage.
Lifts of the first type are stationary devices and the main requirement for them is stability. The car weighs more than a ton and should not have the slightest chance of falling. In order to prevent any accidents, the garage lift must have a reliable stopper.
The goose type lifts are most often used in auto repair shops. It is quite simple to make from profile pipe or channel. First, the base on which you want to install is welded. swivel mechanism. It is best to make an arrow with an adjustable reach. This will make it possible to move weights in any direction.
How a simple block design works
The pulley system or pulley system has been known to mankind since ancient times. The classic system design consists of pulleys and cable. One pulley is called a block. Depending on the method of fastening, the pulley can be movable or fixed:
- Fixed block. It is attached to the support and plays the role of changing the direction of movement of the rope. Does not provide any gain in strength.
- Movable block. It is located on the side of the load and gives a gain in strength.
The principle of operation of a pulley block is similar to the principle of operation of a lever in the physics of simple mechanisms. The role of the lever in this case is played by the cable itself. In the case of a simple block of two pulleys, the movable pulley divides the rope into 2 parts and in order to lift the load the same distance, a rope twice as long will be required. The work of lifting the load is performed in the same volume. And the effort, due to the fact that the length of the rope has become twice as long, becomes half as much.
If there are more than 2 pulleys in the system, the gain in strength is approximately equal to the number of blocks. In the case of 3 blocks, the effort will be 3 times less, and 4 blocks will require only a quarter of the original effort.
Complex block system how to calculate power gain
If the system is designed in such a way that one simple pulley pulls another simple pulley, then this is already a complex system blocks. To theoretically calculate the gain in strength, it is necessary to conditionally divide a complex chain hoist into simple ones and multiply the values of the gain from simple chain hoists.
For example, if the system consists of 4 blocks, and the first conditional simple pulley has a gain of 3. It pulls the second simple two-block pulley, also with a gain of 3. The total force that will need to be applied will be 9 times less. It is the 4-block complex chain hoist that is most often used by rescuers.
Methods for attaching a rope to a lifting mechanism
When creating complex pulley blocks, there are often situations when a cable of the required length for attaching the moving block is not at hand.
Methods for attaching a cable using general-purpose rigging:
- Using a cord. Using a self-tightening knot, the cord is tied to the main cable. As the load is lifted, the grappling knot moves along the main rope, thereby allowing the height of the load to be increased.
- Using clamps. In case of use steel cable– it is not possible to use a cord, so it is necessary to use special clamps.
We create a simple lifting mechanism with our own hands
Construction of a crane is not a quick task and is justified if it is required frequently or the volume of work is large enough. In cases where the load needs to be lifted urgently or this is a one-time operation, you can use improvised means.
To create a simple lifting device you will need a cord and two blocks. One block and the end of the rope are fixed motionless on the support. This will be the most high point, up to which the load can be lifted. We attach the second block to the load using slings or a hook. We first pull the rope along the block attached to the load, then pass it through the upper block. The gain in power will be 2 times. Using your own weight, you can easily lift a load weighing 100 kilograms to the required height.
If you add the ability to move the upper block along a guide, for example along a rail, you can get a do-it-yourself jib crane. It is useful in garage conditions for moving heavy machine parts.
It should be remembered that when working with the lift, you should not make sudden movements. The load must be lifted smoothly. And most importantly, do not stand under any lifted load. The same rule applies to a crane - standing under the arrow is prohibited.
Materials and tools
The most important thing when making a crane is to use high-quality tools and materials. This will guarantee that the structure will be strong and safe.
The cable should have minimal stretch; this will give a greater gain in strength when using a pulley system. The fittings used for tying must be taken only from metal. Plastic fittings does not withstand heavy loads and breaks at the wrong moment. To fasten individual parts of a homemade crane, you should choose high-strength hardware products.
If a winch is intended to be used, its lifting capacity should not be less than 500 kilograms. Optimal choice there will be winches capable of lifting loads weighing 1 ton or more.
In conclusion, I would like to once again remind you of the need to observe safety precautions when working with lifting mechanisms. Also, regardless of whether the crane is purchased or made by yourself, you should inspect it before starting work.
Many people are interested in how to make a crane structure with their own hands. Such a device can help in building a house, utility rooms needed on the farm, a granary and a feed warehouse.
Drafting
To build a house you need a crane. Let's look at how to independently make a miniature crane design for lifting construction loads to a height. It is necessary to manufacture a mobile dismountable device.
First, a design for the manufacture of the apparatus is drawn up and calculated:
- The main part of the structure is the supporting frame. It is installed on wheels or permanently.
- The rotation unit of the unit is fixed to the running frame.
- The boom can be rotated thanks to the creation of electric or manual control.
- The unit can be disassembled into parts for ease of transportation.
- The crane will be stable thanks to the creation of a block of counterweights and steel cable stays.
- The load will be lifted using a block and a winch.
- You need to assemble a crane with your own hands.
Blueprints
To make a crane, first of all, draw up a project diagram and drawings of the main components. Let's consider the manufacture of a crane structure with manual control. It would be possible to make a device powered by electricity, making it possible to move a load using a device on a long cable, as happens in factory designs. But then the complexity of manufacturing units increases, this will entail an increase in the cost of the finished product and an increase in the time for its creation. Therefore, we will focus on making a manual model.
Welding
All connections of components and parts are made by welding. For this you need welding machine. You can rent it while working on the crane or buy it at a specialized salon.
Assembly of the structure
Prepare:
- rope;
- washers;
- corners and channels;
- pipe;
- grinder;
- welding machine.
The frame should be made of steel angle 63x63x5 mm. A 5 m long boom is made from a pipe having a diameter of 55 mm. To strengthen the unit, use corners measuring 30x30x3 mm.
See » Characteristics and drawings tower crane Terex CTT 161 and description of its analogues
The lifting capacity of such a homemade crane will be about 150 kg. If it is necessary to lift panels with a larger mass, then it is necessary to increase the multiplicity of pulleys, which are a device for lifting loads. The chain hoist is made from blocks, connected to each other with a cable. This cable should wrap the blocks in a circle. The pulley allows you to lift the panels using less force than the weight of the load.
The pulley system is 3-4 times stronger. In this case, friction losses are taken into account, which amount to 10%. The greater the gain in strength, the shorter the distance the tool can move the panels.
You can prepare and make all the details in 7-10 days.
Another 2 days are needed to assemble the mechanism. The lifting scheme is made in the form of a 2-fold pulley. The boom rotation unit is a 6-fold chain hoist. The turntable is made by attaching 2 washers. The axle replaces the 30mm bolt.
To reduce the size of the counterweights, the support legs are made 2 m long. With a turning radius of the washer of 200 mm and a distance of 2 m to the counterweight of 100 kg, a load of 1 ton will be applied to the bolt. This is taken into account when calculating the design of the tool. Perform stability calculations.
The structure is taken as a single system on one support. It is the smallest distance from the axis of rotation. The system is affected by: the weight of the load, the counterweight and the crane. The lifting drum is made from a pipe with a cross-section of 100 mm. It should not be installed close to blocks. It is fixed closer to the washers.
Blocks are made of 3 washers. They must be wrapped around the cord, the diameter of the blocks must be large so that the ropes do not fly out of the washers. The blocks are fixed without bearings.
You need a flexible cable with a cross section of 5 mm. Its working load is 150 kg, and its breaking load is 850 kg. The pulley operates on the principle of a lever. For a chain hoist, the main indicator is its multiplicity (the ratio of all cable branches to those extending from the drum).
Any user of the site will agree with the statement that one of the most necessary things during construction is a crane. The steel hero becomes an indispensable assistant when there is a need to lift a large load.
A lifting mechanism is usually associated with a huge structure tens of meters high. However, in private house-building, when compact mechanisms for construction come to the fore, one needs an option with a boom length not exceeding 5-7 meters.
But renting it is not a cheap pleasure, especially if the construction lasts for more than one month.
In this case, there is only one way out - roll up your sleeves and build a homemade mini-crane with your own hands. And our forum members will help you with this!
How to make a homemade faucet
Saving on your own health and trying manually lift an unbearable load, especially if the construction of the house is carried out independently and without the involvement of hired labor work force, they don’t lead to any good. We have already told our readers. Now we are making a crane with our own hands to build a house called “ mini-pioneer."
"Pioneer" is a mobile collapsible design, with the help of which the load is lifted to a given height. So homemade The crane can be used when digging foundations and construction and installation work on building houses.
The basis of the mechanism is a supporting running frame, installed permanently or on a mobile chassis. The rotating part of the crane is mounted on the frame. The boom can be rotated manually or electrically. The crane design itself is made on a modular basis and can be disassembled into several parts for the convenience of moving the mechanism from one construction site to another.
The stability of the structure is ensured thanks to a counterweight and steel cable guys (turnbuckles), and the load is lifted using a winch and a block.
The experience of our forum member, who decided to build a mini “Pioneer” on his own, is interesting. He needed this construction mechanism to build a private house from timber.
Voldemort:
“I am almost single-handedly building a house from six-meter timber. It is impossible to lift and carry it alone. That is why I decided to assemble a mechanism in order to take the timber from the stack, place it at the sawing site and lift it to the plinth.
As the height of the building increases, our forum member plans to place a crane on the floor beams of the house.
A forum member assembled the frame from a corner 63x63x5 mm. The 5-meter-long boom was made from a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. To strengthen the structure, two corners 30x30x3 mm were used. Also included in the plans Voldemora includes further extension of the boom by another 2 meters.
Voldemort:
– The lifting capacity of the mechanism is approximately 150 kg, but the design can lift more weight, and in order to achieve this, it is necessary to increase the multiplicity of pulleys.
Translated from Greek, Polyspaston means “tensioned by several ropes.” They call it a chain hoist construction device for lifting loads. It consists of several blocks connected to each other by a rope or cable that goes around the blocks in a circle. A pulley block allows you to lift a load with less effort than the weight of the load.
The simplest pulley allows you to get a three-fourfold gain in strength; we should not forget that friction losses are inevitable in this system. Even in best models blocks they reach 10%. And the more you gain in strength, the more the distance over which the equipment can move the load decreases.
Voldemort:
– It took me a week to make all the components and mechanisms. I spent another two days assembling and fine-tuning the mechanism. The swing drive and the boom lift drive are a six-fold manual pulley. The lifting drive is also a manual double chain hoist.
Voldemort notes that it would be much more convenient to control a mechanism with electric drives - to lift the load from a remote control on a long cord, as is done in industrial models. But in this case, the complexity of manufacturing all the mechanisms increases significantly, which will lead to an increase in the cost of the design and an increase in the time for manufacturing the crane.
The details of the device's manufacture are interesting.
Voldemort:
– As a turntable, I took two faceplates that I found at work. Basically, I assembled the mechanism from what was at hand. Instead of an axle, I welded a 30 mm bolt. I did not take a bolt made of high-strength steel, because such ones weld worse, do not stretch or bend, and immediately burst if their strength limit is exceeded.
All components of the device are lubricated with lithol.
To reduce the weight of the counterweight, the length of the support legs is 2 meters. At self-production When calculating the components of such a device, one point should be taken into account. The fact is that with a radius of the rotating faceplate of 200 mm and a distance of 2 meters to a counterweight weighing 100 kg, a tensile load of 1 ton acts on the central bolt. And this does not take into account the weight of the boom and the load being lifted!
It is also important to check the device for stability.
Voldemort:
– To begin with, let’s imagine that our crane is a single beam that rests on one support, and this support should be the shortest distance from the axis of rotation. Three forces act on the beam: the weight of the load, the weight of the counterweight and the mass of the mechanism. In order not to take into account the mass of the boom, I underestimated the weight of the crane by 50 kg. The calculation is approximate and simple, but it is better with it than without it at all.
Boom lift drum Voldemort Made from a tube with a diameter of 100 mm.
Voldemort:
– There is a nuance here - the drum cannot be placed close to the blocks. It needs to be shifted slightly along the axis towards the first block so that the second layer of cable is wound evenly.
A forum member made the blocks from three washers: two large and one small. All blocks are without bearings. It is important to ensure that the blocks bend well with the rope. That is, either the rope must be flexible, or the blocks must be of large diameter. Otherwise, when the boom is raised without load, the cables may fly out of the blocks.
Voldemort:
– My rope has a diameter of 12 mm, but it is very thick - there was simply no other way. If I extend the boom, I will install a more flexible cable with a diameter of 5 mm, because its working load is 150 kg, and its breaking load is 850 kg.
When designing block systems, it is important to understand how the chain hoist works and is calculated. Let's look at this using the example of a mini-pioneer.
Voldemort:
– The principle of operation of a pulley block is similar to the operation of a gearbox - you gain in strength, but lose in the length of the rope and, consequently, the speed of lifting the load.
In the gearbox main characteristic- this is the gear ratio, and in a chain hoist - the multiplicity, i.e. the ratio of all rope branches to those running off the drum. If we have 6 sections of rope, it means the chain hoist is six-fold.
This means that the pulling load on the drum will be 6 times less than the weight of the load, and the rope itself, if it is designed for 100 kg, then rolled 6 times, will lift 600 kg.
Do-it-yourself construction mini-cranes
The design turned out to be so successful that many of our users decided to repeat it and even give the crane mobility by placing it on a Gazelle.
Forum member with nickname plumag proposes using a similar mechanism with a higher load capacity and equipped with electric drives to install concrete pillars. And in order to be able to transport such an individual crane on public roads, make the structure collapsible and partially and completely install it in the body at the site of the intended work. This will allow short time recoup all costs associated with the manufacture of the device.
At FORUMHOUSE you can learn everything about self-help, and also get acquainted with the mini-pioneer. The portal discusses everything you need to know to make a faucet, from a concrete mixer to a pipe bender. Topics from forum members about making useful household items that will help you build.
Our video will tell you what tools you need to set up a carpentry workshop. See how to make A yourself in this tool, which will simplify work on your site near the country house.
