Building a greenhouse with your own hands. We build an inexpensive greenhouse with our own hands - successful projects in photos and videos. Pyramid shaped

Preface

Every summer resident dreams of his own greenhouse, where he can grow early vegetables and flower seedlings. But building a greenhouse with your own hands is simply scary for many, since not everyone knows what material to choose for it and where to start work.

Required tools and materials

Polycarbonate Armature Self-tapping screws Electric drill

What types of greenhouses are there?

If we consider the materials used to cover structures for growing plants in protected ground, then glass can be used, plastic film, polycarbonate.

Depending on the material used to make the frame, the greenhouse can be made of wood, metal profiles or polymer pipes. What all types of greenhouses look like can be seen in the photo.

According to the roof design, greenhouses can be single-pitched, double-pitched, or arched. Location – the greenhouse can be a free-standing building or attached to another building. Based on functionality, these buildings are divided into summer and winter. A winter smart greenhouse is most often used as a greenhouse, where a certain microclimate is created for plants.

In addition to greenhouses, summer residents often use for growing early vegetables or flower seedlings greenhouses, the frame of which can also be made of wood, metal profiles or metal-plastic pipes. Such greenhouses are most often covered with ordinary polyethylene film, the thickness of which is chosen based on personal preference. If the film is removed for the summer, it may last for several seasons. And if a summer resident purchases reinforced film, then it does not need to be removed all summer. But for the winter, these materials should be removed from the greenhouse or greenhouse, since under the influence low temperatures they immediately become unusable.

An all-season smart greenhouse used as a greenhouse must be equipped with ventilation, a heating and irrigation system, and various sensors for monitoring the microclimate in the greenhouse, as shown in the photo. This is possible for those people who grow vegetables or flowers in a greenhouse on an industrial basis for sale.

A simple structure, for example, a self-built thermos greenhouse, is quite suitable for a summer resident. It can be used not only for, but also as a greenhouse, as can be seen in the photo.

Arched summer greenhouse

Let's consider the option arched design. In order for the production of such a greenhouse to occur quickly and efficiently, it is necessary to stock up on products for the frame. A U-shaped metal profile made of aluminum is best suited for this. Having cut the shelves in in the right places, as shown in the photo and video, it can be easily bent in any arc. In addition to the frame elements, you will need to purchase film, edged boards and pieces of metal pipes, angles or thick fittings.

Having marked the location of the greenhouse, you should drive in pieces of metal elements along its perimeter in 70 cm increments so that their ends protrude 20–30 cm above the ground. They will serve as a support for attaching the frame of the greenhouse or greenhouse.

By by and large A greenhouse and a greenhouse are identical structures in their functionality, differing only in dimensions. Greenhouses have a maximum height of one meter, while greenhouses are built in such a way that the owner can move freely inside it.

Bent metal frame elements are attached to the protruding metal supports. To give strength to the frame, the arcs on top must be fastened with a longitudinal rigid element. This can be a long reinforcing rod or the same metal aluminum profile, which is tied to each arch at its highest point. Along the perimeter of the greenhouse and inside are installed edged boards, which serve as the boundaries of the beds. After the frame is assembled, all that remains is to stretch the film and press it around the perimeter with something heavy so that it does not get torn off by the wind.

Attached greenhouse and thermos greenhouse

An attached greenhouse makes it possible to save space on the garden plot, materials, and at the same time make the structure more durable and warm. In such a design, one wall, the longest, will be the wall of the building to which the greenhouse is attached, as can be seen in the photo. The heat from the house will in any case increase the temperature in the greenhouse and the plants will develop faster.

As a rule, such buildings are erected on the south or southwest side of the building and can be used as a greenhouse. This will allow the plants to receive daylight sunlight for a long time. In addition, it is easier to connect electrical and heating systems to the attached structure. Films, glass or polycarbonate can also be used here as a roof and side enclosing structures.

In such a building it is possible to maintain a constant temperature even without a heating system. After all, the ground at such a depth does not freeze, and additionally installed reflective films make it possible to accumulate solar heat. The structure of such a greenhouse is clearly visible in the photo.

Wooden greenhouse

If you decide that making an arched greenhouse will not ensure its stability or you need a more durable structure, then a simpler option is to make a frame from wood. However, a wooden greenhouse, built and equipped with your own hands, will be durable only if a foundation is made for it, and all wooden parts are treated with an antiseptic, which will prevent the wood from rotting. How to properly treat wood with an antiseptic is shown in the photo and video.

Making a frame from wood is preferable for the following reasons - anyone can do this, since working with wood does not require special qualifications, such as working with metal, which requires the skills of a welder and mechanic. For the construction of a greenhouse, you can choose a strip foundation. It is more reliable and, moreover, will serve as additional protection against soil freezing in the greenhouse.

How to make a foundation

Before you build a greenhouse with your own hands, you need to make a foundation. Along the perimeter of the future structure, a shallow trench 30 cm wide should be dug into which to install formwork boards. It is necessary to drive wooden pegs on the outside of the boards to secure the formwork. A reinforcement cage should be installed inside the constructed formwork.

Periodic profile reinforcement with a diameter of 8–10 mm is well suited for this. The individual frame elements are connected with wire or welded using electric arc welding. After the reinforcement frame is ready, the concrete mass is evenly poured into the formwork.

If there is no vibrator, the concrete must be pierced with an ordinary piece of reinforcement so that the air can escape from it and the mass can fill all the voids. After pouring concrete, you need to wait about 20-25 days for the concrete mass to gain the necessary strength. Concrete, if the weather is hot outside, must be periodically moistened or immediately after pouring, a film must be laid over the foundation structure.

How to make a wood frame

In order for a wooden frame to last for a long time, a layer of roofing felt must be laid on the foundation. After this, you need to make a wooden harness. A beam with a cross section of 10 cm by 20 cm is suitable for this. The beam of the lower trim is attached to the foundation with long self-tapping screws. Between themselves individual elements the strappings are connected by notches or metal plates, as shown in the photo and video.

Vertical posts need to be attached to the bottom frame along the entire perimeter of the greenhouse in increments of 70–80 cm. After this, along the top, the vertical posts are connected by an upper frame, also made of wood. Vertical elements must be strengthened for rigidity by installing a system of struts and struts.

It is best to choose a gable roof for a greenhouse. It is easier to install and snow will not accumulate on its slopes in winter. It is easier to attach films, polycarbonate, and glass to such a structure. For this you need rafter system, which can also be built from wood. To make rafters, you can use a beam or board with a cross-section of 10x4 cm. The rafter structures are assembled on the ground and then mounted on the top of the greenhouse. Two rafter legs, assembled into a single truss should resemble the letter “A”. They are installed one by one, securing each with temporary jibs.

After the last structure is installed, all the trusses are fastened together with ridge boards, which are nailed to both slopes of the roof. Lathing is sewn along the rafters, the pitch of which is selected depending on what material is planned to be used as a translucent roof.

What material to choose for the roof

What attracts homemade greenhouses? Of course, everyone will answer that, first of all, low cost. And indeed it is. But the difference between homemade greenhouses is that there is a large field for imagination, both in terms of the architecture of the greenhouse and its arrangement. If there is an engineering vein, you can get a smart greenhouse with an automatic watering or ventilation system, as shown in the photo and video.

If you build a greenhouse with your own hands, then the owner can choose at his discretion the material with which the structure will be covered. This can be ordinary glass, various transparent films or polycarbonate. If the film can only be used for growing seedlings and vegetables in summer period, then glass or polycarbonate roofs, if the greenhouse is smart, make it possible all year round receive fresh vegetables or beautiful flowers to your table.

Today, any gardener can create a greenhouse on his own at his summer cottage. In order to build a greenhouse or hotbed yourself, you need to create a plan, follow step by step instructions and have minimal experience with construction tools.

• the main advantages of building a greenhouse yourself;
• the main difference between winter and summer designs;
• types of greenhouses;
• stationary and collapsible structures;
• choose the material for the frame;
• types of greenhouse foundations;
• materials used to cover greenhouses;
• In what cases can you do without a foundation?
• creation of diagrams and drawings;
• main stages of greenhouse construction;
• equipment.

The main advantages of building a greenhouse yourself

At the moment, in the process of growing vegetables in summer cottages and garden plots, you can use different kinds greenhouse structures created on your own or purchased in specialized stores. Today, anyone can build a greenhouse of any size.

What your greenhouse building will look like primarily depends on the materials you will use to make it. This design will be different minimum price and the ability to build a greenhouse at any time convenient for you. You can create very original designs, while they will not be inferior to factory designs. For the manufacture of summer structures, polyethylene is most often used.

The main differences between winter and summer structures

At the moment, you can independently build both winter and summer greenhouses. But, before starting the construction of one of the variants of such a design, it is worth determining the main differences between these types. A winter greenhouse will require a large financial investment from you.

The main differences lie in the materials used to build greenhouses. Plastic film is suitable for summer greenhouses; it is not suitable for winter greenhouses. Winter greenhouses are most often covered with high-quality glass or polycarbonate (transparent). Thin polycarbonate can also be used to create a summer greenhouse.

If you are planning to build winter greenhouse, then you should pay Special attention the foundation of this structure, since the foundation affects the efficiency of the heating system used in the greenhouse. The frame for a winter greenhouse should be made reliable; lighter options are suitable for summer structures. These features must be taken into account in the process of creating durable and efficient greenhouses.

Types of greenhouses

Often, greenhouses are created for growing a certain type of plant, and their characteristics must be taken into account, including the required level of illumination, as well as comfortable temperature for plant growth.

A lean-to greenhouse can be called one of the most versatile options for arrangement winter garden or greenhouse, this is due to the possibility of creating an internal transition into the building. This will allow you to maintain the greenhouse at any time of the year. Note that it is best to build a lean-to greenhouse in the southern part of the house.

Greenhouses with gable roof, which look like small houses, are common in different regions of our country. They can safely be called one of the most popular designs.

Drop-shaped structures are durable and have high light transmittance; snow does not linger on their surface, but there are difficulties associated with their installation, so creating such a structure yourself is quite difficult.

A dome-type greenhouse looks very original, and it has certain advantages over other types of structures. Such structures can be installed in seismically hazardous areas, they can significantly save costs building materials. A dome-shaped greenhouse must be well insulated and sealed.

The polygonal appearance of the greenhouse provides excellent light transmission, has an attractive appearance, and is more resistant to strong gusts of wind. Installation of such a structure will require more time and effort; the main thing is to properly organize the space in order to ensure uniform heating of the air in the greenhouse.

There are Dutch greenhouses that are distinguished by their reliability and durability of construction. In this type of greenhouse, the walls are placed at an angle in order to improve illumination, which has a positive effect on the amount of crop harvested. The cost of building this type of structure is negligible.

Today you can often find tunnel greenhouses. Such designs make it possible to protect plants from bad weather conditions and gusts of wind. Thus, when minimum investment you can get high yields of garden crops. This greenhouse option is most optimal for building on your own. Often such greenhouses are used for growing tomatoes and peppers.

Stationary and collapsible structures

All greenhouses and greenhouses that are used in vegetable gardens and personal plots can be divided into stationary and collapsible.

Collapsible structures have recently begun to be used in home garden growing conditions. This collapsible greenhouse consists of lightweight, collapsible frame, often collapsible greenhouses differ small in size, so they can be easily installed in different places on the site. Small collapsible greenhouses are inexpensive, but assembling such a greenhouse is very simple.

Vegetable growers have long been using stationary greenhouses to grow garden crops. Such greenhouses consist of a foundation and a metal frame, on which a covering is subsequently installed. Most summer residents and gardeners prefer to use stationary greenhouses, this is due to their durability, as well as more comfortable work in the greenhouse.

Choosing material for the frame

The frame of the greenhouse and the door must have increased rigidity, and they must be durable, which will allow the structure to withstand temperature fluctuations in different seasons, gusts of wind and the weight of the snow mass. But, it is worth considering that when creating a greenhouse it is necessary to minimize the number of elements that reduce the level of illumination in the greenhouse.

When creating collapsible structures, materials are used that are lightweight and easy to install. At the moment, only a few types of materials are used to create the frame of greenhouses, which differ in their characteristics and cost.

Wood is the cheapest and available material, which does not require the use of special knowledge and specialized equipment. The wooden structure is lightweight and environmentally friendly, but it can begin to rot, so it must be treated with antiseptics.

Aluminum makes it possible to build durable and lightweight structures that are characterized by a high level of rigidity; they can withstand heavy loads. In order to connect aluminum parts, use a household riveter or nuts, which are inserted into drilled holes. This option is not so popular due to the higher cost of aluminum.

Plastic allows you to create lightweight and durable structures, it does not rot and cannot be destroyed by corrosion. It is very flexible, so it makes it possible to create structures of a wide variety of shapes, which is useful in the construction of arched greenhouses and greenhouses with a gable roof. But the plastic must be attached to the ground or base.

Steel is used for frame construction quite often, and it is necessary to create a strip foundation for the base of the greenhouse. Galvanized steel frames are resistant to corrosion, which increases the service life of the structure.

The profile for plasterboard is lightweight and easy to install. Based on practice, a frame made from a plasterboard profile is very convenient to use; it can last a very long time and be dismountable. The profile can be used for the construction of single and double slope structures, as well as for arched greenhouses.

Window frames, as a material for the frame of greenhouses, make it possible to build greenhouses with acceptable thermal insulation values, and this can be done in the shortest possible time with significant cost savings. It is worth noting short term services of this design, even if you plan to process the wooden part window design, the maximum service life will be no more than five years.

Other materials are not used to create the frame of greenhouse structures.

Types of greenhouse foundations

The light weight and significant windage of greenhouses can cause the structure to tip over during strong gusts of wind, so the frame of the greenhouse must be installed on a reliable and durable foundation. The type of foundation is chosen depending on the expected mass of the structure.

Brick foundations are easy to build, durable and suitable for most greenhouses. Note that creating such a foundation for a greenhouse is a complex and lengthy process.

Stone foundations are durable and reliable. A properly created stone foundation can withstand heavy metal carcass, created from profiles and fiberglass. Such a foundation is used to create permanent greenhouses; it is expensive.

Concrete foundation is one of the most inexpensive options, which will allow you to quickly create a foundation for your future greenhouse. Initially, formwork is created, then pouring occurs concrete mixture and installation of rods in order to secure the frame of the greenhouse in the future.

It is considered the simplest and cheapest wooden base for a greenhouse. But, it will be possible to use such a base, even taking into account its treatment with antiseptic agents, for no more than five seasons, so such a base should not be installed under permanent greenhouses.

Materials used for covering greenhouses

To cover a greenhouse or greenhouse, you can use glass, plastic film, or polycarbonate (translucent). Each of these materials has its own positive and negative characteristics, which must be taken into account when giving preference to one or another material.

Polyethylene film is one of the cheapest materials, but based on durability, the film cannot compete with glass and polycarbonate. The film, regardless of its quality, must be changed at least once every three years. When creating an arched arc greenhouse, a double layer of film is most often used, this provides the most comfortable conditions for the growth of various crops. The film is characterized by excellent light transmittance, but sunlight has a negative effect on the film, wearing it out and reducing light transmittance. On inside films, condensation often forms.

Glass is traditionally used to create greenhouses and is characterized by durability and high levels of light transmission, providing excellent thermal insulation. When using glass to create greenhouses, it is worth remembering that it heats up very quickly and is heavy. Glass is an expensive material, replacing it will not cost you very much.

Polycarbonate is a hard plastic that has characteristics such as transparency and a cellular structure. Distinctive features The material is considered to be durability, impact resistance, and light transmittance. Polycarbonate is a flexible material, so it can be used to create tunnel or arch-type greenhouses.

In some cases, other materials can be used. For example, you can find combined greenhouses in which the roof of the structure is covered with film, and the side parts of the frame are made of glass.

In what cases can you do without a foundation?

The foundation is the basis that allows you to ensure the proper level of stability of the structure, maintain its integrity, and the strength of the entire greenhouse. But today you can find various protected ground structures that do not require a foundation.

First of all, we are talking about lightweight portable structures. They are distinguished by their low weight; such structures are protected from windage by fastening them to the ground using pegs. If we are talking about stationary greenhouses, then the arrangement of the foundation is mandatory, which allows you to create durable and stable structures.

Creation of diagrams and drawings

Before you start building a greenhouse or greenhouse on your own, you need to draw up a competent plan, draw drawings and diagrams of future buildings. The drawings of the future greenhouse can be anything. At the moment, on the Internet you can find diagrams of classic models of greenhouses created from wood back in Soviet times, but there are also modern models, as well as diagrams of Mittleider's greenhouses.

When choosing a drawing for a future building, you should take into account the requirements that you will place on the greenhouse. In particular, it is worth taking into account the characteristics of the materials used to construct the greenhouse, as well as the goals that you set for such a protected ground structure.

You can create a diagram of the future structure yourself or use an option already developed by someone else. If you don’t want to waste your time and effort, then it is preferable to use ready-made schemes; the main thing is to choose a scheme that will satisfy your needs.

Main stages of greenhouse construction

Process self-creation A greenhouse or greenhouse consists of several stages, and they must be performed in a certain sequence:

• it is necessary to select the type of structure;
• create a drawing and diagram or use ready-made drawings;
• creation of a structure frame;
• excavation work, which includes arrangement of the foundation, base for the frame;
• consolidation load-bearing frame greenhouses;
• installation of greenhouse cover.

The specifics of each stage depend on the materials used, as well as on the future characteristics of the greenhouse, including its size, as well as the season in which it will be used.

Equipment

When creating a greenhouse, it is necessary to ensure favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants, such a microclimate can be provided through the use of specialized equipment for greenhouses. In order to ensure maximum productivity of grown crops and their quality, it is necessary to modernize greenhouses and greenhouses. Growing plants in greenhouses requires the use of systems for heating rooms, watering plants, if necessary additional lighting, and systems providing ventilation.

Using an irrigation system (subsoil, drip) makes it possible to save water and also reduces the cost of time and effort, relieving gardeners and summer residents from the need to water manually.

Heating in greenhouses can be organized in several ways; the choice of equipment used will depend on the existing communications system. At the moment, gardeners use stove, gas or electric heating greenhouses

Ventilation in a greenhouse is of great importance and affects plants regardless of the stages of their growth and development. Ventilation helps protect plants from overheating and ensures the necessary exchange of air in the greenhouse. In order to provide natural ventilation, you can open doors and vents. If more intensive air circulation is required, it is necessary to install an exhaust or circulation fan.

Additional lighting must be used when growing seedlings. Such lighting will also be needed when growing any garden crops that are planted in regions with short daylight hours. The use of special lamps makes it possible to provide plants with the necessary level of illumination, especially in early spring, in winter and in the last month of autumn.

Today, many gardeners and summer residents cannot imagine working on their plots without the use of greenhouses.

For the first time in our country, K. Timiryazev was able to grow plants using greenhouses. In 1872, he built a growing house on the territory of the Petrovsky Academy of Sciences, in which he grew various crops. Such a prototype modern greenhouses gave impetus to the development and implementation of a wide variety of types of greenhouses, which make it possible to extend the fruiting period of plants and improve the quality of the harvest.

First of all, the greenhouse is designed to protect various garden and garden plants from exposure to negative atmospheric factors (hail, rain, snow, wind, etc.).

A favorable atmosphere is created inside the structure, which makes it possible to grow various fruit crops, and their yield in such conditions increases several times.

As for vegetables and herbs, their harvest time comes much earlier compared to the same types if they are grown in open ground.

A huge advantage of installing greenhouses on a garden plot is the fact that excellent harvested, and in the case of some crops more than once, can provide vegetables and herbs throughout the entire winter-spring period.

This can be very cost-effective, especially considering that the price of these products in stores during the designated period of time is quite high.

Place for installing a greenhouse

The idea of ​​building a greenhouse with your own hands comes to the minds of many gardeners and gardeners. But before starting work, you must first become familiar with the stages of construction of this structure and, most importantly, determine the shape of the greenhouse and its location.

It must be remembered that it is not for one year. The average time of its operation can be almost ten years.

The best option in this matter would be consultation with specialists. You can get their advice either directly (if such a master is part of your social circle) or via the Internet.

• The place where the greenhouse will be installed must be level and protected from wind loads. At the same time, the sun's rays must completely cover and heat the structure.
• There is no need to set up a greenhouse in dark places, near a fence or trees.

• When winter version greenhouses and growing plants in the cold season, you need to take into account that snow that has fallen on the structure’s cover can prevent the penetration of sunlight. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that this does not happen and remove snow caps in a timely manner.

In addition, due to insufficient heat, light and water entering the greenhouse, it is possible to organize the supply of electricity and arrange watering in the greenhouse by installing an irrigation system.

Where to start building a greenhouse?

When building any structure, including a greenhouse, it is best to start the process with design. Create drawings of the greenhouse, reflecting its external forms and the main materials that will be used for its construction.

The structure itself can be small, with an area of ​​approximately two by three meters and a height of two and a half meters. Or large, three by six meters in area with a similar height.

The most popular configurations used when installing greenhouses include arched and gable greenhouses. When choosing one of the species, not the least, and perhaps the most important role is played by the factor of choosing the types of crops that will be grown in the greenhouse in the future.

Eg, arched type more suitable for planting low-growing crops, that is, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers. The gable type will contribute to better growth of tall crops (tomatoes of this type, cucumbers and flowers).

In general, creating a good greenhouse project is not difficult. If you can’t do this yourself, then the Internet always offers various standard projects similar structures.

Selection of materials for coating and frame

One of the most common basic materials used in the construction of greenhouses is polycarbonate. Its attractiveness comes from a number of characteristics, advantages of this material in comparison with other types of materials used in the construction of similar garden structures, for example, film or glass.

Note!

Among the main characteristics are: light transmission, thermal conductivity and strength. One of the main advantages of the material is its lightness and ductility. The internal composition of polycarbonate allows sheets to be bent without the risk of destruction.

In addition, an additional advantage is the price component. Polycarbonate is considered a cheap material, which further increases its demand.

Already during the direct process of constructing polycarbonate sheets, it is best to use dual system fastening sheets. Rigid and with opening. Thus, a ventilation system is formed in the greenhouse.

Having decided on the material for covering the greenhouse, you can begin selecting the frame. There exists here wide choose profiles that can be used when installing the frame system. This may include metal pipes with round, rectangular or square cross-section.

Each designated type has its own advantages and disadvantages. Galvanized pipes are considered the most suitable square section. This profile is excellently characterized by high strength, as well as the presence of galvanization, which protects the structure from corrosion.

However, plastic is gaining wide popularity among materials today. Metal pipes are in many ways inferior to plastic pipes, and many have already appreciated this.

Note!

A plastic greenhouse is a modern quality construction, characterized by many positive qualities due to the special properties of the material.

Of these, it is worth noting that plastic pipes easy to cut, glue and weld. It's environmentally friendly pure material, not subject to corrosion, mold, and can withstand various atmospheric loads.

Considering appearance greenhouses, you can choose either hard PVC pipes for gable or single-pitch structures, or flexible PP or PVC for arched types.

In the end, whatever the choice of someone for whom a do-it-yourself pipe greenhouse is an already made decision, he can always compare and choose the most best option frame.

Construction of a foundation for a greenhouse

Of course, it is not worth installing the greenhouse on clean soil. A foundation is needed. Taking into account that the structure itself is of a lightweight type, but nevertheless requires stability, the base for it is made as follows:

Note!

• A trench is dug.
• A sand bedding with compaction 20 centimeters thick is installed.
• Formwork is placed along the entire perimeter of the trench on both sides.
• Placed on the bottom of the trench reinforcement mesh over the entire area of ​​the sandy base.
• The trench is filled with concrete. The upper concrete level is equal to the width installed board formwork.

When performing these works, you must remember that if the greenhouse itself is installed very quickly (within one or two days), then when laying the foundation it will take almost a month for a good setting. Therefore, such work should be done in advance.

Final stage

When the structure is completely ready, it will be possible to begin the internal equipment. Placing beds and passages, determining where to lay pipes for irrigation, and so on.

Many people like to photograph their work. Some people prefer to film the entire work process, while others prefer to take pictures of the results of the work.

But with special pride, friends and acquaintances are always presented with photos of a greenhouse made with their own hands, where already full height Tomatoes, eggplants and other various vegetables and herbs are ripening.

DIY greenhouse photo

Many summer residents would like to grow fresh vegetables all year round. It is possible to come to country house even in winter. The building is heated, with all communications. For vegetables, if you want to tackle their winter and spring growing, will also be needed warm house. A year-round heated greenhouse can be equipped with your own hands.

This is the most important thing to start with – choose the right place. By 30%, the location will determine the efficiency of the greenhouse.

Table. Options for choosing a location for a greenhouse

Parameter	Description
Daylight	Of course, in a stationary year-round greenhouse you will have to provide additional artificial lighting, but why not use nature’s capabilities 100%? Plants should be provided with the maximum amount of daylight. By placing the greenhouse structure in the direction from west to east in open place, you will get maximum sun for your plants.
Wind	Cold winds can not only penetrate into the structure through any even small cracks, but also, acting from the outside, reduce its temperature by 2-5 degrees. For young seedlings, such a difference can be disastrous. Therefore, when installing a greenhouse, take care of it additional protection from the wind.
Water	Ideally, a year-round greenhouse has an automatic watering system. But if there is none, hydraulic communications should be located close for convenient and prompt water intake and irrigation. Water temperature, especially in winter, also matters. Water the seedlings cold water unacceptable.
Approaches	Few people pay attention to this parameter. However, the approach to the greenhouse should be wide and comfortable. This will not only facilitate its construction, but also make its operation comfortable and efficient.

Selection of materials

What to build from? There are many options. You need to choose a material so that the structure will last a long time, be durable, airtight, and economical. In this regard, the old film and glass classic buildings, equipped with frame structures using wood, are finally a thing of the past.

Why are film, glass and wood not suitable?

Greenhouse made of wood and glass - photo

1. Even a heavy-duty film can tear and heat will leak.
2. Over time, cracks will inevitably form in the frames and between them, through which heat will also escape.
3. Glass breaks and in one layer has low heat transfer.

What materials to choose for a year-round greenhouse?

• The frame structure can be used during installation metal-plastic frames, subject to double-layer glazing.
• The walls of the greenhouse can be made of polycarbonate on a metal base.
• For a year-round greenhouse, a brick building is suitable.

Reliability, long service life, protection of growing crops - these are the main parameters by which greenhouse building materials are selected.

Assembling a greenhouse from cellular polycarbonate

Let's look at the polycarbonate structure, the features of its assembly and the tools and additional materials required for this.

Why is polycarbonate good?

This modern material has many positive performance qualities.

• It has excellent thermal insulation properties.
• It has a surprisingly flexible structure - it bends easily without breaking, which allows the installation of even arched structures.
• 16 times this new material lighter than the thinnest glass.

In polycarbonate buildings, profile pipes act as a frame. In addition to them you will need:

• welding machine;
• polycarbonate sheets;
• bolts and sealant.

Assembly can be completed in a few hours, according to the instructions that come with the finished greenhouse.

Advice! Not all ready-made structures have transoms, but it is better to provide them; the possibility of ventilation will protect the plants from overheating.

The frame is assembled with bolts. The sheets are inserted into the frame. Don't forget to slope the roof (an angle of 35 degrees is enough) to protect against snow accumulation. Places of strips with open honeycombs on polycarbonate are treated with sealant to minimize heat loss.

Features of a metal-plastic greenhouse

Do-it-yourself metal-plastic structures are not the easiest thing to do. It will be the most durable from specialists, so it is better to make the frame of the greenhouse to order in construction company, which specializes in the manufacture of such products. Plus, the frame will need double glazing, which is also best left to specialists.

As a result, the total cost of such a year-round greenhouse will not be cheap. But this is the most realistic opportunity to grow herbs and vegetables all year round.

Advice! When installing a metal-plastic glazed greenhouse, it is recommended to make one wall (northern) not from glass and insulate it.

The roof of such a greenhouse tilts 30 degrees. It is preferable to choose a single-pitch configuration.

Features of a brick greenhouse

A brick greenhouse, or capital greenhouse as it is also called, is a real “home” for plants, where life is possible all year round. This is not even a greenhouse anymore, but a real greenhouse in which you can grow not only vegetables, but also various exotic plants. Until now, despite the new modern materials, such as metal-plastic and cellular polycarbonate, the brick version of a permanent greenhouse is considered the most reliable, proven, optimal, and effective.

How to build a greenhouse out of brick

You can do the construction yourself if you have at least minimal skills brickwork and other construction works. But even without the cost of labor a greenhouse will require substantial financial investments.

You will need:

• brick;
• mineral wool;
• cement, sand;
• roofing material;
• boards, timber for rafters;
• windows, doors, gutters.

The peculiarities of the construction are that, unlike all other types of greenhouses, a brick one is “ two-room apartment"for green pets. The first room is the vestibule. Usually it occupies an area of ​​2x2 m or 2x2.5 m. Garden supplies, fertilizers, soil and other necessary things are stored in the vestibule, and it is also installed heating system(boiler, stove).

The main greenhouse room can be any size that you are able to master.

The partition between two rooms is made permanent. A door is installed in it. The second door from the vestibule leads outside. In the greenhouse, not only windows are made, but also transoms.

Another feature is that for a permanent greenhouse you will have to pour a foundation, preferably a strip foundation.

Table. The main stages of building a brick greenhouse

Heating system

You can heat the greenhouse different ways. From the simplest and most ancient - stove, to new and modern infrared equipment and heat guns. Each system has its own disadvantages and advantages.

Table. Characteristics of greenhouse heating systems

Heating type	Characteristics
	Used in permanent buildings. The simplest and least expensive method. Does not require complex structures. The stove is installed in the vestibule. The chimney is along the perimeter of the greenhouse room. To install stove heating, ventilation is necessary. The disadvantages are uneven heat supply, the need for constant monitoring, strong heating of the stove surface, fire hazard. The walls of a gas-generating solid fuel stove do not heat up.
	Can be installed in a greenhouse made of any material. Considered the safest. You will need a tank with a boiler, a pump, pipes, water, and electricity. The water is heated by electricity, distributed throughout the system using a pump, cools down and returns to the boiler. This method provides not only an optimal, uniform thermal regime, but also the necessary humidity. But only specialists can install such a system. Operation will also require serious material costs.
	Alternative to water. You will need gas heaters and burners, as well as pipes evenly distributed throughout the greenhouse. Gas is burned and heat is distributed into the room. There are several disadvantages, the main one being the need for constant monitoring to avoid gas leaks. Additional ventilation will also be required. This option is more economical than water, heating is carried out evenly, the room heats up faster.
	The most popular and sought after type. Can be used in all greenhouses. There are many devices, including: convector batteries, cables, guns, heating mats. Most systems are equipped with sensors and it is possible to adjust modes.
	You should not even try to install the system yourself - it is installed only by professionals at the time of assembling the greenhouse structure. The heating is excellent, uniform and fast. Condensation does not accumulate (which happens in winter when using all other systems). But there is a possibility of air drying, so it is recommended to install humidifiers in parallel.

What vegetables are grown in a greenhouse all year round?

In a heated greenhouse you can grow absolutely any vegetables, herbs, berries, flowers and even exotic plants. But if there is only one greenhouse on the site, and you give preference to vegetables, you will have to choose up to three vegetable crops and the same number of green ones.

Vegetables

From traditional vegetables for year-round cultivation usually choose:

• cucumbers;
• tomatoes;
• pepper;
• Chinese cabbage;
• radish;
• salads.

Greenery

Spicy green crops are grown:

• dill;
• parsley;
• cilantro;
• basil;
• green onions.

Pepper - can be sown and grown along with any crops.

Tomatoes – grow well with onions and radishes.

Cucumbers - prefer radishes, lettuce and all green crops.

Greens – can grow with all crops.

Advice! It is not advisable to combine cucumbers with tomatoes and cabbage with parsley in neighboring crops.

Planting seedlings in a greenhouse

The time for planting seedlings that grew in rooms is permanent place growth in a capital heated greenhouse depends on the sowing period you choose. There are certain rules for successful planting of seedlings.

1. The seedlings are ready for planting when they have at least 7-8 true leaves (pepper has at least 12). The bushes are strong, stable, not elongated; flower buds may begin to form in peppers and tomatoes. Leaf color is intense green.

   

2. Before planting, seedlings need to be hardened two weeks in advance - taken outside for several hours, gradually increasing the time.
3. Greenhouse soil is prepared in advance - filled with humus, a 1 m² bucket (not manure!) and minerals (potassium and phosphorus - 40 g each, nitrogen - 30 g/m²). The soil is dug up, loosened, and broken into holes.

   

   

   

4. The holes are watered with two liters of water each. The seedlings are also well watered two hours before planting.

   

5. The seedling is carefully removed from the seedling container using a planting scoop, along with the root soil. If a root that is too long sticks out from the soil clod, you can pinch it off by a third.
6. The seedling is lowered into the hole, held with one hand, and the space between the walls and the lump is filled with the other.
7. The soil is compacted around the stem and watered again. For plants that will be tied up (tomatoes, cucumbers, some varieties of peppers), it is immediately recommended to install pegs or slatted trellises.

   

Caring for plants in a greenhouse

In a greenhouse, which works all year round to “produce” fresh vegetable products, the plants need especially careful care.

First important condition– soil preparation. Vegetables grown out of season in a greenhouse will place increased demands, primarily on the soil. It should be light, fertile, highly concentrated needed by plants substances.

The following components are required in greenhouse soil:

• manure;
• turf;
• peat;
• straw (sawdust);
• sand;
• carbohydrate-containing and nitrogen-containing fertilizers.

The second condition is feeding. Vegetables and herbs must be fed regularly throughout the entire growth and fruiting cycle.

The third important component of care is watering and humidity regime. Preferred drip irrigation, or a fine shower (for some crops). If it is not possible to install an automatic watering system with regulation of the temperature of the supplied water, make sure that its temperature is not lower than the ambient temperature.

Heating is discussed in detail above. It is only worth noting that in conditions middle zone A year-round greenhouse will have to be heated at different rates for at least seven months a year.

An important maintenance measure is weed control and loosening the soil. Earthen crust is dangerous for all garden plants, but it is especially harmful to seedlings and seedlings in a greenhouse, where plants get less air than in open ground.

Carrying out loosening greenhouse soil, depending on the composition of the soil, often begin even before the emergence of seedlings (when sowing crops with seeds). If the seeds have not yet sprouted, but a crust has already formed, of course, it must be destroyed to make it easier for the seedlings to reach the surface. Loosening before germination is carried out between the rows, to a depth of no more than 5 cm, with a light ripper.

When the main crops sprout, or after seedlings are planted in the greenhouse, all loosening is combined with weeding and carried out after watering. The soil is loosened closer to the plant stem, but so as not to destroy the lateral roots.

Advice! Vegetable crops, such as tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, cucumbers, are loosened immediately after planting seedlings deeply, up to 7 cm. As the lateral roots grow, the depth of loosening decreases and the distance from the stem increases.

Also, in a year-round greenhouse, it is necessary to pay special attention to the prevention of diseases of vegetable crops, take measures to treat emerging diseases, promptly remove remnants of vegetation, obsolete canes, stems, leaves, and after harvesting, while preparing the greenhouse for a new sowing cycle, carry out its disinfection.

Growing vegetables in a greenhouse will definitely bring excellent result, if you follow all the rules for caring for seedlings and planting them in protected soil. The reward will be juicy and useful fruits, vegetables and herbs with own plot all year round.

Video - How to build a large winter greenhouse

On summer cottages You can find various forms of greenhouses in which both vegetable and flower plants are grown. Thanks to this, you can grow non-seasonal crops throughout the year. The success of the business will depend not only on the design of the greenhouse, but also on what material was used in its manufacture. Our goal is to tell you what types of greenhouses there are, and what material can be used in their construction, and we will also look at how the process of constructing a greenhouse on a summer cottage occurs.

Depending on the design features, greenhouses can be:

• arched;
• single-pitched;
• gable.

The first type of design is characterized by an arc-shaped roof, which allows plants growing inside the greenhouse to receive more daylight. The big advantage of this form is the absence of snow in winter period, so you are not in danger of deformation or damage to the structure.

If you decide to install a greenhouse close to any country house building, then the option with a pitched roof is suitable for you. This model is very economical, since in addition to reducing the cost of materials, you also save free place Location on. The only drawback With such a structure there will be an accumulation of snow in winter, which will have to be cleared off to protect the structure from deformation.

The most common option is the gable form of the greenhouse, which is very spacious for plants and people. In some cases, summer residents equip a kind of recreation area in such buildings, which allows them to combine business with pleasure.

Types of greenhouses, their advantages and disadvantages

Today, summer residents have several options for materials that can be used to cover greenhouses and greenhouses. They differ in their structure, price and performance characteristics, so you can choose the material according to your capabilities and requirements.

The most popular material for covering greenhouses will be:

• glass;
• polycarbonate;
• film.

If you are not limited in funds, then the best option there will be glass and polycarbonate greenhouses, which differ in their strength and performance characteristics. Film is a budget option greenhouses, which has been in use for several decades.

You can see what your greenhouse should be like in the video below:

Advantages and disadvantages of greenhouses made of various materials

To figure out which material is better for greenhouses, it is necessary to consider the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

Glass

This material is considered the most suitable option.

Its advantages include:

• transparency, which allows you to provide the greenhouse with daylight;
• resistance to chemicals, even if they get on glass, they are easily washed off;
• when exposed to sunlight the material does not emit harmful toxic substances;
• wind resistance.

Its disadvantages include:

Polycarbonate

Polycarbonate is a polymer plastic that is increasingly used in greenhouse coverings.

Its advantages include:

• strength;
• transparency;
• high thermal insulation rates;
• protection of plants from UV rays;
• ease of care.

Its disadvantages are:

Film

This material is easy to use and budget qualities, especially since the experience of using such material has been confirmed for decades.

Its advantages include:

Its disadvantages include:

• windage;
• poor resistance to frost, which is why it has to be removed after summer use;
• short service life.

DIY greenhouse construction

Summer residents are forced to build greenhouses for growing vegetable or flower crops, firstly, to get a harvest earlier than usual, secondly, to grow crops that are not suitable for a particular climate, and thirdly, to increase the amount of harvest.

Greenhouses allow you to create favorable conditions for the growth of any plant. If it is not possible to purchase a ready-made structure, then you can always build it yourself, using all your skills.

The first question you will have is where to start? So that you don’t have to rack your brains for a long time, we have drawn up an action plan for you, following which you can easily build a greenhouse on your site.

Place for a greenhouse

The first thing you need is to choose a place to locate the greenhouse. To do this correctly, pay attention to the following requirements:

Dimensions and shape of the greenhouse

The second issue you need to decide is the size of the greenhouse. To calculate everything correctly, think about how much and what you will plant in the greenhouse. If you plan to plant tall plants, then the best shape of the greenhouse will be arched or gable, the height of which will provide you with convenient care for your crops. You can calculate the dimensions yourself, or take as a basis the proposed version of a rectangular greenhouse with a gable roof.

The base of the greenhouse can be anything, round, square, rectangular or trapezoidal, it all depends on your capabilities.

Greenhouse frame

The frame is the main part of the greenhouse, so the choice of material requires special requirements. It must be strong and durable, so for its manufacture choose:

• galvanized profile;
• steel profile;
• profile made of galvanized steel, with a square section;
• wooden beams.

The choice of material also depends on your capabilities; even the most budget option - wood - can last quite a long time.

How to make a greenhouse from cellular polycarbonate you can watch the video:

Greenhouse foundation

In addition to its direct purpose, the foundation plays the role of a pocket in which several raised beds. If its construction was carried out incorrectly, this can lead not only to its destruction, but also to cracking of the greenhouse coating. To avoid this, you need to listen to our advice:

It is necessary to install formwork around this trench, lay metal reinforcement bars in it and fill it all with concrete. The height of the foundation must be at least 20 cm.

By following these rules you will create a strong and reliable foundation under the greenhouse, which will not be subject to ground movement.

Frame production and coating

The manufacture of the frame begins with marking the future greenhouse. You have already calculated what size your structure will be and even poured a foundation for it, now you can start assembling the main structure:

Ventilation

Inside the greenhouse, under the influence of sunlight, a greenhouse effect is created. To create an ideal microclimate for plants, greenhouses must be equipped with a ventilation system.

Ventilation can be provided by vents located on the sides of the greenhouse or doors. Ventilation helps plants planted in a greenhouse get sick less after being transplanted into open ground. But drafts must be avoided so as not to harm them.

When placing such vents in the roof of the greenhouse, you can ensure the movement of warm air to the street, and open doors, will ensure the passage of cool air. There will be no draft, and the air will change.

If you have small greenhouse, then for good air exchange you will only need two vents located on the roof of the greenhouse.

To make air exchange faster, instead of roof vents it is better to equip side vents, which will be located above the ground.

For cultivation tropical plants Conventional ventilation cannot be used, so for ventilation you can equip vents based on the principle of blinds.

Greenhouse tricks

Summer residents who have been working in greenhouses for several years can tell you a lot of tricks on which the yield of vegetables or other crops depends. But everyone, without exception, will answer that growing plants depends on the crop itself, on the amount of heat supplied, on the length of daylight hours, on ventilation, on proper watering and regular feeding.

We will share with you some of these subtleties and tricks:

From all of the above, we can conclude that several types of material can be used to make a greenhouse, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. If you are planning to make a greenhouse yourself, then by adhering to our action plan, you will accomplish this without much difficulty. Remember that equipping a greenhouse with vents is just as necessary as watering the plants.