Someone walked along some kind on the road and found something. Some he gave part of what he found to a friend, and something quit. What does he have left?
Is it clear from this riddle who walked along which road, what he found, what he gave?
The highlighted pronouns indicate indefinite objects, characteristics, quantities and are called indefinite.
Indefinite pronouns, except someone and something, change according to cases. Some indefinite pronouns also change according to gender and number.
Review the table. How are indefinite pronouns formed?
414 . Write down how these words are formed.
Sample:
Make 2-3 common sentences with indefinite pronouns.
Something, some, someone, someone, someone's, several, something, something.
415 . Make up sentences with these phrases. Indicate the conditions for choosing the studied spelling (see sample in the frame). Indicate the cases of indefinite pronouns.
In (few) minutes, after (not) some time, in (few) words, since (not) some time.
Compare the indefinite pronouns in the left and right columns. How do they differ in spelling?
416 . Copy using missing punctuation marks. Indicate the conditions for choosing a hyphen and separate writing in indefinite pronouns (see example in the box). Explain the spelling of nouns and adjectives with Not.
1. For some time now, some flies have been flying, the (bright) green grass is pleasing to the eye, the (reddish) brown cones of the spruce are turning pink. 2. Maybe for some hour, but spring has appeared. 3. There are more and more light coats in the crowd 3, and (some) of the youth are showing off in jackets. 4. The wind rose at night. Something is hitting outside the window. The (bad) weather is raging. 4 5. And for (several) days now it has been cold (not) pleasant rain.
417 . Divide the text into three parts. Write it down, following the red line and inserting pronouns someone, some, someone's, something V in the required form. Underline all the pronouns you know. # Indicate the characteristics of a conversational style in the text.
Early in the morning I went to s..paradise. Suddenly - - slipped past my feet. 4 I only saw - - a grey..tail...k. I entered s..paradise. Sounds came from the corner where the hay lay. There - - fiddling around. I (didn’t) have time to take any action when a mouse jumped out of the hay, followed by our cat Vaska. At the same instant 3 the mouse darted into the gap 3 under the threshold.
418 . Write out words with uncheckable spellings from the boxes (see § 69, 72), select words with the same root for them. Label the parts of words.
Perhaps the largest group of pronouns can be considered the indefinite pronouns in English language. They occur quite often in speech, such as the same Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns (reflexive and intensifying pronouns), and therefore it is simply necessary to know them. As you already understand, we will talk about them today.
Indefinite Pronouns or indefinite pronouns are a group that shows that the pronoun does not refer to a specific person, place or thing. Most often, this group is used when they simply do not know or do not have the desire to name someone / something specific.
In simple words, these are used when we're talking about about some uncertainty. A similar group exists in Russian grammar. It is very similar to English, which means there should be no difficulties in learning it.
This group includes 4 main pronouns:
- some (some, some);
- any (some, some, everyone);
- no (none);
- every (everyone)
With their help, a series of derivatives are formed ending in –body, –one, –thing, –where.
So, if we are talking about people in an indefinite pronoun, they can contain –body and –one:
| Basic pronouns | Derivatives | |
| one | body | |
| some | someone - someone | somebody - someone |
| any | anyone - someone | anybody - someone |
| no | no one - no one | nobody - no one |
| every | everyone - everyone | everybody - everyone |
If we are talking about a thing, –thing is added to the pronouns:
| Basic pronouns | Derivatives |
| thing | |
| some | something - something |
| any | anything - anything |
| no | nothing - nothing |
| every | everything - everything |
If location is implied, the main pronouns are appended with –where:
| Basic pronouns | Derivatives |
| where | |
| some | somewhere - somewhere |
| any | anywhere - somewhere |
| no | nowhere - nowhere |
| every | everywhere - everywhere |
In this case, derivatives become adverbs.
In addition to the above indefinite pronouns, the following are also used:
Indefinite pronouns in English: the difference
You may have noticed that some pronouns translated into Russian have the same meaning. Accordingly, a question may arise about the difference between these pronouns. Let's look at this point in more detail:
- There is absolutely no difference between derived pronouns ending in –one and –body. They can be interchanged while maintaining the original meaning of the sentence:
| Everybody (everyone) is fine. | Everything is fine. |
- But the pronouns any and some, as well as their derivatives, have differences. Some and its derivatives are usually used in affirmative sentences, while any and its derivatives are used in negative and interrogative sentences:
With countable nouns, these pronouns are used to mean “a little.”
However, it is possible to use any to mean “any” in affirmative sentences:
- The pronoun any in the meaning “no” also has much in common with the pronoun no and its derivatives. Both of these words mean negation, but since English grammar allows you to use only one negation in a sentence, while no itself already implies a negation; it is used in the affirmative form of a sentence, and any in the negative:
- Other and another are another pair of indefinite pronouns that can cause difficulties. Other is used to mean "other" with certain nouns. In such cases, it is put before him definite article the. It is also used for plural. Another is used only with indefinite nouns in singular. There is no need to precede it with an indefinite article.
- Both and either differ in that the first pronoun is used to mean “both”, and the second - “either one or the other”:
Indefinite pronouns in English: role in a sentence
Indefinite pronouns in sentences are:
- As the subject:
Please note that a singular verb is used after the pronouns.
- As a supplement:
- As a circumstance with derivatives ending in –where:
And also with derivatives that end in –one and –body in the possessive case:
Indefinite pronouns in English: usage
From the examples above, it was already possible to draw conclusions regarding the cases in which indefinite pronouns are used. But let's take a closer look at this point and still consider the main cases of their use. Indefinite articles are used:
- If you don't know the person/thing or don't want to name it exactly:
- If you want to generalize:
- To indicate quantity:
- To show negation:
- To replace or omit a repeated noun:
| Jim has a lot of friends but Jane has none. | Jim has friends, but Jane doesn't. |
| - Do you have money? - Yes, I have some. |
- You have money? - Yes, I have some. |
This was the basic information on this topic. To consolidate the material, do exercises on indefinite pronouns, and consolidate these exercises with practice. Subsequently, we will consider both the previously mentioned Reflexive Emphatic Pronouns and the other 7 types of pronouns.
Indefinite pronouns are formed by attaching to interrogative pronouns the prefixes some- (someone, something, some) and not- (someone, something, several), postfixes -or (anyone, any, whose ), -to (someone, some, someone's) and -something (anyone, some, whose).
The pronouns some, something, some are used when the speaker needs to name an object/attribute of an object that he does not want to name specific name(Who was it? - Yes, someone. I bought you something, but it’s a secret for now).
The pronouns someone, something, some, someone, something, some are used when the speaker needs to name an object/attribute of an object that he cannot (does not know how) to call by a specific name (A certain/some gentleman came . This is something / something that is difficult to give a name. There was someone / someone with a mustache sitting in the room). Pronouns with a prefix are not often used in book speech, and pronouns with a postfix are generally used.
The numeral pronoun several refers to an indefinite (but small) number of objects (There were several people in the room. I bought several books on mathematics).
The pronouns anyone, anything, any, whose, as well as anyone, anything, some, someone's, any are used when the speaker needs to name anyone (no matter what ) object/attribute/quantity (Do any of you know this rule? Give me some/any book. Give me some money). Pronouns with a postfix are used less often in speech than pronouns with a postfix -something.
Indefinite pronouns have the same grammatical features, as are the interrogative pronouns from which they are formed, but we must pay attention to the fact that the pronoun someone does not change according to cases (it is used only in the nominative case), and something is used only in the nominative and accusative case without a preposition (Something unexpected happened; I I saw something interesting).
The numeral pronoun is somewhat similar in its morphological characteristics to the cardinal numeral. It has no gender or number and changes only by case. Like numerals, in the form of nominative and accusative case it controls the noun (There are several tables in the room), and in other cases it agrees with the noun (There were errors in several tasks). Other numeral pronouns behave the same way: demonstrative as much and interrogative-relative as.
Noun pronouns in a sentence can function as the subject (Someone came in), the predicate noun (It was something) and objects (Ask someone). It should be remembered that the pronoun someone can only be the subject and nominal part of the predicate, since it has no other case forms except nominative case. Often an indefinite pronoun-noun is not itself a member of a sentence, since it is part of a syntactically related phrase (It was one of you. He brought something interesting).
Main syntactic function pronouns-adjectives some, some, any, some, someone's, someone's - this is a function of an agreed definition (Let's get off at some stop)
Numeral pronouns several, some, some are part of a syntactically related phrase (Let's solve several examples) or are consistent definitions (There were errors in several tasks).
Indefinite pronouns Indicate unknown, uncertain persons, objects, and their signs. Someone, something, some, some, several, someone, something, some, whose, anyone, anything, some, whose, anyone, anything, any, someone's, something, some, some. Pronouns with particles (affixes) -to, -something, -something are synonymous, but each of them has special shades of meaning. Someone, something means “unknown who”, “unknown what” They told me that so-and-so came to pick me up(Pushkin). Something suddenly flashed... rustling... quieter(Pushkin). Someone, something mean “no matter who” (“anyone”), “no matter what” (“whatever”). If any of you, comrades, see Zubov, please send him to me(3akrutkin). Take at least some of the products(Fadeev). Someone, something are close in meaning to the pronouns anyone, anything, but differ in their bookish character. It seemed to him that he already understood the essence of art better than anyone else. I now have to sift through stacks of magazine articles to find anything useful.(Tendryakov). Some people, some things mean “some, few people”, “some, few things” won't be to your taste(Azhaev). I still remember something from philosophy and rhetoric(Chekhov).
Dictionary-reference book linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .
See what “indefinite pronouns” are in other dictionaries:
indefinite pronouns- 1) someone, something, someone, something (local noun); 2) some, some, someone’s, some (local adj.); 3) which is, a lot, a little, several, how many (place number); 4) somewhere, somewhere, for some reason, somehow (local adverb) ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal
See indefinite pronouns (pronoun in the article) ... Dictionary of linguistic terms
Indefinite pronouns
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