One of the most important issues when buying a plot, cottage or country house is the availability of communications. And if, as a rule, there are no problems with water or electricity, then central sewerage in the private sector, especially far from the city, is a rarity. And the fastest and practical solution of this problem is the purchase of a septic tank.
The two most common types of individual treatment facilities are a non-volatile (autonomous) septic tank and a volatile station. Both types of waste disposal devices use several stages of treatment: mechanical sedimentation of suspended matter, filtration and biological treatment. Self-contained septic tanks use anaerobic bacteria to process waste, which do not need oxygen, but act slowly. In energy-dependent devices, biological filtration occurs with the help of more active aerobic microorganisms that require the use of aerators. But the level of purification in such septic tanks reaches 98%.
The choice of the optimal model of the cleaning device depends on several factors:
- Required performance. For one person, the volume of wastewater is usually laid equal to 150 - 200 liters per day.
- Availability of electricity on site.
- Plot size. Autonomous septic tanks require a larger area, as they are equipped with additional ground filtration fields.
- Ground water level. High GWL may require the use of additional engineering solutions.
- Soil composition. For areas with hard rocks, it is better to use horizontal septic tanks, since they require a shallower pit.
Our review contains models of septic tanks with the best technical and operational characteristics. When compiling the rating, the following were taken into account:
- recommendations of civil engineers;
- feedback from users who have installed specific models of cleaning devices in their area;
- value for money septic tanks.
Useful video - how to choose the right septic tank
The best budget septic tanks for summer cottages
Septic tanks for installation on suburban area are small and relatively cheap. As a rule, these are simple stand-alone models that act as a sump and are connected to the system. additional filtration. They have an extremely simple one-piece design, a low level of productivity, and are also unpretentious in maintenance.
4 TANK-1
Excellent price/performance ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 19,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6
Tank-1 is the youngest model in the line of non-volatile septic tanks Triton Plastic. Its design is simplified to the limit: there are only two chambers: coarse primary treatment and secondary biological treatment. But, nevertheless, this small septic tank, capable of treating up to 600 liters of wastewater per day, has all the advantages inherent in the more expensive models of the company: it has a horizontal layout and a durable one-piece body with special stiffeners, which increases the service life and eliminates the penetration of soil water into the interior of the structure.
This compact model is ideal for installation in the country and is designed for use by two or three people. The level of wastewater treatment for this septic tank is 75 - 80%, therefore, it is recommended to use a special infiltrator in which additional treatment takes place with it. Buyers note the compact dimensions of the septic tank, easy installation and trouble-free operation. However, you still have to clean the chambers from sediment once every few years.
3 Termite Profi 1.2
The strongest container
Country Russia
Average price: 23,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6
This miniature vertical septic tank can serve no more than two people. The degree of wastewater treatment reaches 85%. Due to its small weight - only 80 kg, Termit Profi 1.2 is easily transported and mounted. This is a great option for a small country house or separately. standing bath. An additional advantage is that the wall thickness of the Termit Profi 1.2 tank reaches 20 mm, and the shape of the body is specially designed for optimal operation under load.
According to user reviews, this septic tank is easy to install and maintain. Experienced summer residents recommend that it is imperative to sprinkle the container with sand cement to increase the service life of the structure. Among the disadvantages is the impossibility of using this septic tank with a high level of groundwater on the site.
2 MICROB 450
Best price
Country Russia
Average price: 12,400 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8
For a dacha that is visited by 1-2 people, guest house or change houses for the period of building a house, the best option would be a budget septic tank Microb 450. Its capacity is 150 liters per day, and its weight is only 35 kg. Of course, to install it, you will need to make a sand cushion, and apply a layer of insulation on top, since its wall thickness is small. But this septic tank can be installed in areas with any level of groundwater - of course, with the implementation constructive advice manufacturer.
Customers especially like the device's reasonable price and easy installation. Of course, for a country house you will need a septic tank with a larger capacity, but for periodic trips to the country and with a limited budget, Microb 450 is ideal.
As mentioned above, septic tanks are divided into autonomous and volatile. What is their peculiarity, what are the strengths and weaknesses - we learn from the detailed comparison table:
|
Type of septic tank |
pros |
Minuses |
|
Autonomous |
Low, compared to a volatile septic tank, cost Generally higher reliability Does not depend on power supply Does not create additional energy costs |
– The need for underground filtration of wastewater – In some cases, it does not isolate the surrounding space from a fetid odor – Gradual accumulation of sludge requires periodic pumping – The need to equip access roads for a sewage truck |
|
volatile |
No sediment buildup The ability to take the septic tank to a third-party place, there is no need to equip an access road Complete isolation from unpleasant odors Installation of filtration fields is not required (for soil treatment of runoff) |
– Compared to stand-alone models, higher price – Dependence on electricity and, as a result, significant additional costs - Availability more constituent elements reduce the theoretical reliability |
1 Rostok Mini
Stable performance in all conditions
Country Russia
Average price: 24,120 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9
Inexpensive autonomous septic tank for a small country house. According to user reviews, due to the small volume (1000 liters) and the lightness of the design (total weight is 65 kilograms), installation does not cause much difficulty. The filtration capacity is 200 liters per day - this is not much, but the septic tank is designed for one or two users. The Rostok Mini copes well with the assigned functions, it requires pumping out once or twice a year (provided that all the supplies and the system are in good order). A very good option for equipping a summer house or a house, which will not hit the pockets of potential consumers hard.
Advantages:
- seamless durable and lightweight (65 kilograms) plastic case;
- the presence of additional stiffeners to give structural strength;
- completely blocks unpleasant odors;
- low, but stable performance;
- does not require frequent maintenance;
- attractive price.
Flaws:
- for its price category - no.
The best volatile septic tanks
Treatment stations, whose biological filters are populated with aerobic microorganisms, are the most technically advanced version of septic tanks. They produce 98% purified water at the outlet - it can be used for irrigation, other technical needs, or discharged directly into the ground. Cleaning the tanks from silt is needed every couple of years, and the organic sediment itself is an excellent fertilizer for plants on the site. Since the drains do not need additional ground filtration, the structure takes up a minimum of space.
The main disadvantage of such systems is the need for electricity. As part of the aerobic system, there is always an aerator-compressor that saturates the liquid with oxygen necessary for the vital activity of bacteria. It is this fact that explains the higher cost of volatile stations - both during purchase and installation, and during operation.
5 ERGOBOX 4
Optimal price-quality ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 60,900 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7
The body of this treatment plant is manufactured using rotational molding technology, which guarantees the absence of seams and uniform thickness of the material. As part of the septic tank, Japanese compressors and German pumps are used in order to ensure smooth operation the entire system. In case of loss of power supply, the station can operate normally for two days, after which it switches to the mode of an autonomous septic tank with an anaerobic filter.
Users note, first of all, the excellent value for money of this model. With a capacity of 800 liters, it consumes only 1.5 kW per day and provides a volume of water disposal sufficient for the permanent residence of 4 people. It is possible to choose both a gravity-fed version of the installation, and a variant with a forced ejection of effluents for areas with high level ground water.
4 Tver-0.5P
The best aerator
Country Russia
Average price: 75,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7
The service life of this septic tank declared by the manufacturer is 50 years. This becomes possible due to the fact that a special structural plastic is used for casting the case, and compressor equipment- Japanese production. The degree of water purification in this line of treatment facilities reaches 98%, which eliminates the need for additional soil filters.
The maximum productivity of the equipment is 500 liters per day, so Tver-0.5P can be recommended for giving or a country house with permanent residence 2 - 3 people. Customer reviews are almost the same: the device does its job perfectly, there are no smells and noise, and periodic maintenance is required only once a year. The only drawback is the high price with relatively low performance.
3 Unilos Astra 5
User Choice
Country Russia
Average price: 76,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8
One of the most famous septic tank models on the domestic market, which does not have a single visible weak point. If we do not take into account the price level, then the fifth Astra fully meets the requirements of a premium class product (if this is acceptable in this case). The system is based on a very fine filtering effect on the incoming wastewater - thanks to aerobic and anaerobic filters, it is possible to achieve almost 100% of the purification rate. Thus, up to one cubic meter of wastewater is processed per day, which is a normal average value. The input of the drain pipe can be organized at heights from 0.6 to 1.2 meters relative to the ground level, which greatly simplifies the installation of the tank.
Advantages:
- high degree of aerobic and anaerobic purification (98%);
- reliable container body;
- good throughput (filtration up to one cubic meter of wastewater per day).
2 Eco-Grand 15 (Poplar)
Best processing ability
Country Russia
Average price: 148,230 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8
An overall volatile septic tank, ideal for equipping large country houses. Except that the tank weighs 380 kilograms, there are no problems with installation. Yes and by performance indicators everything is very good: the entire volume of the septic tank is divided into four compartments, two of which are equipped with aerators. After the effluents enter the receiving chamber (volley ejection can reach 450 liters), due to aeration, the solid fractions begin to decompose.
In a separate compartment under the controls there is a compressor for pumping wastewater through the system. By the way, the latter consumes a total of up to 2.8 kilowatts of energy per day - a little, but a decent amount accumulates over a long time of work.
Advantages:
- active filtration and aeration of incoming wastewater;
- good performance (1.8-2.0 cubic meters of wastewater per day);
- capacity equal to six cubic meters.
Flaws:
- high price;
- increased power consumption.
1 TOPAS 8
The most economical model
Country Russia
Average price: 99,875 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9
One of the most economical energy-dependent septic tanks available to a wide range of consumers. Putting such a tank in the country is not entirely justified - it is much better suited to a small country house. The convenience of manual installation (as in stand-alone models) is no longer provided here - the entire structure weighs nearly 350 kilograms. Thanks to the installed filters, it does not require cleaning, it well limits unpleasant odors, and also filters up to 1.5 cubic meters of wastewater per day. According to users, the cost of power supply is noticeable, but much less than that of competitors and older models of this series - the septic tank consumes only 1.5 kilowatts per day.
Advantages:
- popularity among users;
- low power consumption;
- high efficiency filtration;
- reliable case;
- ease of operation and low maintenance requirements.
Flaws:
- not detected.
The best autonomous septic tanks
Autonomous septic tanks that do not require an electrical connection are the best option for a summer cottage or a country house in a remote area where there are problems with electricity. Their design does not contain moving mechanical parts, so they are simple, reliable and will perform their functions in any case.
Of course, there are also disadvantages - lower productivity, worse level of effluent clarification. The best models provide no more than 85% purification, and, therefore, the water needs additional filtration. There are several ways - drainage fields, infiltrators, seepage wells - and they all mean additional cash costs and reduce usable area site. However, for houses with periodic residence, such structures may be more preferable, since they do not consume electricity and can be easily mothballed if necessary.
3 Uponor Sako
Good quality plastic
Country: Sweden/Finland (made in Russia)
Average price: RUB 67,575
Rating (2019): 4.7
The Scandinavian concern for the production of serious household equipment has quite successfully entered the Russian market. The domestic branch has launched the production of autonomous Uponor Sako septic tanks, suitable for installation both in a private house and in a summer cottage. In general, the system is not bad: it reliably retains unpleasant odors, filters wastewater without problems (but not perfect), and also does not impose high maintenance requirements. The problem area, judging by user reviews, is the extreme intolerance to the removal of rain and drainage water to the local cleaning system. Why this is so is a matter of intense debate. But the fact that this is an obvious minus is supported by all and unanimously.
Advantages:
- good standard filtration efficiency;
- quality body materials.
Flaws:
- rainwater or drainage water entering the treatment system leads to a deterioration in filtering capacity.
2 Termite Profi 3.0
Maximum degree of cleaning in the class
Country Russia
Average price: 49,100 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7
The performance of this model, which uses the principle of anaerobic clarification of wastewater, is 1200 liters per day. At the same time, the level of purification reaches 85%, which allows minimizing the area of the final soil filtration. Such a septic tank with a sufficient supply provides permanent residence for six people. The tank is flushed only once a year, while the structure is completely autonomous.
According to user reviews, the septic tank fully complies with the characteristics declared by the manufacturers, is reliable and practical. It is especially convenient to use it for seasonal living: mothballing it for the winter and then putting it back into operation is not a problem. The disadvantages include a rather complicated installation procedure.
1 Triton-ED-3500 Horizontal
Profitable price
Country Russia
Average price: 43,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8
This is a relatively inexpensive option for a cleaning system for a summer house or a country house, where there are significant problems with the power supply. Productivity of model - 700 liters a day that provides requirements of 4 - 6 people. At the same time, the septic tank does not require an electrical connection, and the sludge can be pumped out once a year. Of course, in order for the water discharged into the ground to be sufficiently purified, it will be necessary to additionally apply a drainage field or an infiltrator.
Buyers especially like the horizontal layout of the septic tank, which allows you to limit the depth of the pit, as well as its independence from the mains. The disadvantages of the device are that it must be placed away from living quarters, since it is not possible to completely get rid of odors. This treatment plant is especially well suited for a country house in which a family of 2-3 people lives, but guests periodically come.
Owners of private houses often face the problem of wastewater disposal due to the lack of centralized system sewerage. For a long time the only way out was to dig a cesspool, but using it is rather inconvenient and costly. Now they are mainly trying to mount an autonomous wastewater treatment unit - septic tanks for summer cottages, but still which septic tank is better to choose for specific conditions often remains a difficult question.
Together with the technical specialists of the EcoDom company, in this article we will analyze in detail the question of which septic tank is right for you and discuss the best options based on the tasks that it must solve.
Cesspool or storage septic tank will have to be cleaned regularly
What are septic tanks and what are they
Some mistakenly call a septic tank a complete set of treatment equipment. In fact, this is only a part of the treatment plant, which acts as a reservoir and primary filter for wastewater containing a large amount of biomaterials that require disposal.
There are quite a few varieties of septic tanks, and each of them has its pros and cons. Therefore, before purchasing, it is necessary to take into account what soil the country house stands on, the amount of water consumed and, of course, the budget that can be allocated for the purchase and installation.
Video description
Briefly about septic tanks on video:
Also on initial stage it is necessary to decide on the type of device - to purchase a non-volatile septic tank or in which a forced supply of wastewater is organized (volatile). The first, by and large, are ordinary tanks for surface (within 60%) mechanical wastewater treatment, and the second are equipped with a pump and a set of additional filters, after which the output is process water, purified by 95-98%.
Septic tanks with a full cleaning cycle and a storage well for technical water
Correctly decide which septic tank to choose - for year-round living or able to work effectively even with periodic supply of effluents, you can do it yourself, since there is enough information. Many turn to the help of the Internet for such queries as the rating of septic tanks for a country house in 2017, to get acquainted with the various ratings of septic tanks. But if there are doubts about the correctness of the choice, then the best option would be to turn to professionals. They will take into account all the nuances and select the appropriate option, tailored to the solution of specific problems.
Cleaning steps
Wastewater goes through several stages of treatment in a septic tank:
Stage of accumulation and settling. This stage consists in collecting waste in a special container, where it is separated into fractions by settling at a temperature of about 20 degrees. Solid particles in the form of sediment fall to the bottom, body fat float to the surface, and the vapors (carbon dioxide and methane) are vented to the outside. At this stage, there is a partial stratification of wastewater, which is then sent to the next tank;
Secondary filtration stage. Its goal is to clean the mixture up to about 75%. At this stage, the solution is purified using a separate filter consisting of a sorbent layer of about 20 centimeters. In some septic tanks, the sorbent has to be washed and reactivated annually to work correctly;
Stages of wastewater treatment in septic tanks
Solid deposits settled in the tanks are pumped out or removed mechanically.
Operating principle
Technically, two types of waste disposal are used: anaerobic (without air access) and aerobic (decomposition involving bacteria that need oxygen for life).
Septic tanks have an anaerobic mechanism of action, which act as a storage tank or sump. Such cleaning systems without installation additional equipment carry out only primary clarification of wastewater and require their frequent pumping by a sewage machine.
Important! According to sanitary standards discharge of fluid from anaerobic septic tanks into the soil is prohibited.
This option is suitable for rarely visited cottages or private houses with a small number of residents. The cost of such a structure is low, the installation does not require much effort, and the operation does not require a constant flow of effluents into the chambers.
The principle of operation of an anaerobic septic tank
Often colonies of active bacteria are added to such septic tanks, which help to filter effluents better than with conventional anaerobic treatment.
The aerobic mechanism of action is carried out by local treatment stations biological action. In such septic tanks colonies of aerobic bacteria are settled, which effectively purify wastewater.
Unlike anaerobic crops, they reproduce rapidly, have a wide variety of species, and are more tenacious and active. Recycling is much faster, and the output water is practically non-toxic.
For normal functioning These septic tanks require the installation of aerators that will supply the oxygen necessary for the vital activity of bacteria. Also, aerobic systems must constantly work - if within 2-3 weeks there is no new effluent entering the chamber, then the bacteria will die and their cultures will have to be planted again.
It's obvious that best septic tank for a country house - aerobic. But it all depends on the budget, as this type of treatment plant is more expensive.
Scheme of operation of a septic tank for aerobic treatment
What materials are septic tanks made of?
An important aspect when buying a septic tank is the choice of material from which it is made. Most often, when ordering finished septic tank, it is made of polymeric materials.
In addition, the following materials are used for the manufacture of a local cleaning system:
Metal constructions. Rarely used due to susceptibility to corrosion, general impracticality and inconvenience of use;
Concrete. Monolithic structures are used as reservoirs. This option requires a lot cash investments and time; It is mainly used in the construction of septic tanks with their own hands;
Fiberglass structures are the most suitable and frequently used material.
Also, septic tanks can be made from improvised materials (barrels, tires) on their own, but this option is only suitable for small country houses.
Homemade small septic tanks for summer cottages - from tires and concrete rings
You can save on the purchase of a cleaning plant by placing an order at the factory. The most expensive on the market are septic tanks with additional equipment for complete biological wastewater treatment.
Volatile and non-volatile septic tanks
According to the degree of their autonomy, cleaning systems are divided into:
Non-volatile (autonomous) septic tanks are settling tanks for the accumulation and clarification of wastewater. Such installations need periodic pumping of waste by a sewage machine. They have a low degree of purification and require additional ground filtration, for which it is necessary to allocate a piece of land. To positive moments low cost and independence from electricity;
Volatile septic tanks are the exact opposite of non-volatile structures. Thanks to the design and additional equipment, wastewater in such systems goes through a full cycle of processing and purification, which eliminates the need for maintenance. The disadvantages include the cost of installation, as well as dependence on electricity. During the absence of power supply, the degree of purification of sewage water decreases, and the septic tank acts as a sump.
The pump and aerator are essential components of a volatile septic tank.
Criteria for choosing a cleaning system for a country house
Before choosing a suitable septic tank, the following aspects must be considered:
The number of people living in the house - the power of the entire device depends on this;
The material from which the septic tank is made determines its wear resistance and resistance to aggressive influences;
The relief of the area where the installation of the structure will be carried out and the height of groundwater;
The complexity of installing a sewage treatment system - septic tanks with a filtration field are leading in terms of installation costs, and biological treatment plants are the most profitable in this regard - their capacity just needs to be buried in the ground;
Own budget.
On our website you can find contacts of companies specializing in septic tanks and autonomous sewers for country houses. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
Video description
About septic tanks without pumping out on video:
Popular prefabricated septic tanks
To make it easier to decide on a suitable device, the following is an overview of septic tanks for a country house:
Rostock mini
simple and reliable option for private houses. A capacity of about 200 liters per day is enough for stable sewerage operation when two people live in a house.
Septic tank "Rostok-Mini" in the context
It is completely made of polymer material without the use of metal inserts and has a capacity of 1000 liters. The one-piece cast design of the cleaning system allows you to achieve complete tightness. Installation of this model of a septic tank will not cause difficulties, since it weighs less than 3 kilograms and has the shape of a cylinder. This design prevents groundwater from pushing it out of the soil during the pumping of the contents. As for the cost, it is about 25,000 rubles;
Aster
This model of the cleaning system is very popular in the Russian market. It can be attributed to the premium types of septic tanks. Such structures are made of polymeric materials and have good performance indicators, since the throughput is 1 cubic meter per day. Astra performs high-level wastewater treatment, thanks to the presence of filters of anaerobic and aerobic mechanism of action. The option is designed for country houses, where no more than 5 people live. The disadvantages of such a cleaning system include its cost, which reaches about 80,000 rubles;
Installed septic tank "Astra"
bioxi
It is a high-quality non-volatile septic tank made of polymeric materials, which is quite popular among domestic buyers. It has performance and throughput performance similar to the Astra model. This cleaning system is equipped with a compressor that ensures the movement of wastewater through the system, as well as a special pump unit that flushes the channels in automatic mode. The disadvantages include frequent failure of additional equipment. The purchase price of such a septic tank is about 90,000 rubles;
Installation of a septic tank "Bioxi"
This cleaning system is designed to serve no more than 4 people. It is made from sheet polymeric materials. Having average performance indicators, it is able to pass through itself about 200 liters of wastewater per day. This septic tank has a four-chamber structure, which gives it a high degree of filtration. Installation is carried out in places where the groundwater level is at around 2 meters and deeper. However, the model range allows you to choose the right option for any area. The combination of price and quality allows the DKS sewer system to compete with other models on the market. Its cost is 20,000 rubles;
The scheme of operation of the septic tank "DKS"
Leader
The septic tank has a compact size, stable and reliable design. The body is made of special polyethylene. A high degree of wastewater treatment is achieved thanks to the four-chamber structure, each of which undergoes a certain processing process. A wide range of models allows you to serve 2-16 people daily, depending on the design. This septic tank requires system cleaning once a year. The throughput is 400-3000 liters per day, and the productivity is 0.2-3.6 cubic meters / day, it all depends on the chosen model. Cost - from 75,000 - 200,000 rubles;
Delivery of the septic tank "Leader"
Tank
This septic tank is endowed with a specific appearance, and its outer shell has a ribbed structure, which contributes to better fixation in the soil after the installation of a country septic tank. Purification sewerage type "Tank" is a three-chamber system of blocks and modules. Such a station does not need to be pumped out by a sewage machine, as it is completely autonomous. Due to its low cost and long service life, the Tank septic tank is in great demand. The installation of the system is carried out manually and does not require pouring the base of the pit with concrete. It is intended both for seasonal use at dachas, and constant operation of country houses. Price - 40-80 thousand rubles;
The septic tank "Tank" has a specific recognizable shape
Tver
It is made of durable polymer materials, which reduces the weight of the entire structure, and stiffening ribs add reliability to it. A feature of this septic tank is the horizontal position of the tanks. The device has a high degree of wastewater treatment and is equipped with additional equipment that requires connection to electricity. Does not need constant care. This septic tank is suitable for any type of soil. The disadvantages include high cost and dependence on electricity. The price is 70,000 - 140,000 rubles;
Installed septic tank "Tver"
Topas
One of the leaders in the market of cleaning systems, from the company "EcoDom". It stands out with a high degree of purification (98%) due to a special four-chamber design, as well as the use of colonies of microorganisms as filters. The septic tank has compact dimensions and a rectangular body shape, which facilitates its installation. Installation can be carried out in any type of soil. The construction does not require frequent maintenance and pumping out waste with a sewage machine. The range of models is wide and can satisfy the needs of both country houses and cottages, as well as large enterprises. The cost is 80,000 - 300,000 rubles;
What you need to install a septic tank "Topas"
Poplar
In the manufacture of used polymeric materials that are resistant to temperature changes. Septic tanks of this type have a long service life, high productivity and throughput (up to 3300 liters per day). The capacity of the system tanks is up to 5200 liters. The disadvantage of such installations is the dependence on electricity. Suitable for use in large country houses and industrial buildings. The price of the Topol septic tank is 70,000 - 170,000 rubles;
Two-block septic tank "Poplar"
Triton
It is made of a double layer of polymeric material that is not susceptible to corrosion and decay products. This septic tank has a wide range of models. It has a long service life, a high degree of sewage treatment and low cost. Requires cleaning every 1-2 years. Disadvantages: requires the installation of additional equipment and frequent replacement of filters. Ideal for a small country house. Prices vary depending on the model: 30,000 - 85,000 rubles;
Three-chamber septic tank "Triton"
Ecoline
Manufactured from special durable polyethylene. Septic tanks of this type have a high efficiency of wastewater treatment. The volume of models can vary from 1500 to 4800 liters. Suitable for seasonal operation by a small group of people and permanent residence in a country house. Has a reliable and strong design of a cylindrical form. Such a cleaning system consists of 2-3 chambers. The lineup It is represented by designs with different performance and throughput, which allows you to choose the right option for any need. The cost of Ecoline is 55,000 rubles;
Double-hull septic tank "Ecoline"
Elgad C 1400
The best model from the "mini" class, which is ideal for seasonal use in summer cottages. It has a compact size and a stable design. The capacity of this container sewer system is 1400 liters. This septic tank is designed to serve up to 3 people. The body is made of polymer material, and its inner part is covered with a layer of anti-corrosion agent. Despite the tightness and integrity of the design, such a cleaning system does not retain unpleasant odors well. The cost is about 35,000 rubles.
Septic tank "Elgad S 1400" and its modifications
This is not a complete rating of septic tanks for the home - there are still quite a few models of such devices, both domestic and foreign, but in general their design, principle of operation and price do not differ from those listed.
Video description
A few more words about the choice of a septic tank on the video:
Conclusion
Depending on the budget, you can make a cleaning system yourself from improvised means, or order a ready-made version from sales representatives or the manufacturer. The option of studying the ratings of the best septic tanks for a country house is not always right choice, since you need to take into account all the features of your site and the requirements for it.
A properly selected and correctly installed septic tank will create the conditions necessary for a comfortable stay in a country house.
If it is impossible to connect to a centralized one, choose the construction of an autonomous one. Here it is important to choose the right method of wastewater treatment. There may be several options. Consider each of them and determine which septic tank is better.
All about choosing a septic tank
Types of waste disposal devices
A septic tank is a watertight container in which wastewater accumulates or is processed. Classify the equipment according to such criteria.
All units dispose of wastewater, but do so different ways. The degree of purification also varies. Based on this, several types are distinguished.
Septic tanks
Tanks of various capacities, completely sealed. Most often they consist of one chamber, less often of two communicating compartments. Their function is to collect sewage, which is periodically taken out by a sewage machine.
Advantages
- Can be placed anywhere on . The main thing is to leave a free entrance for the car.
- There is no need to equip a post-treatment system, for example, filtration fields that occupy a significant area. Plus, they are hard to install.
- High resistance to volley discharges.
- Safe for the environment, provided that the tightness is not compromised.
- Energy independence and complete autonomy.
Flaws
There is perhaps only one drawback - the need for pumping.
Septic tanks
Consist of three or two chambers. In each, the liquid is purified. Depending on the design features and the type of "working" microorganisms, water is clarified by 40-75%. Thus, anaerobic microorganisms are able to purify the waste liquid by 40-60%.
Advantages
- Sufficiently high degree of wastewater treatment.
- Reliable durable construction.
- Electricity supply is not required.
Flaws
- Restrictions on installation in various types of soil.
- A permit for installation and operation is required.
- The need for regular cleaning of the first compartment from accumulated sludge. True, this happens much less frequently than pumping out the drive.
- A large area of the underground part of the structure, taking into account infiltrators and drainage wells.
In addition, you will have to periodically buy bacteria and biofilters necessary for normal functioning.
Deep biotreatment systems
Multi-chamber system where waste is decomposed by chemical, biological and mechanical methods.
At the end of the cycle, 96-97% purified water comes out. It is considered technical, it is dumped into the ground or a reservoir. Post-cleaning is not required. A good quality of purification is ensured by the vital activity of aerobic bacteria and forced aeration. Possibility of installation in soils of any type.
Advantages
- Compactness.
- They take up little space, given that the installation of additional devices for post-treatment is not required.
- Regular pumping or cleaning is not necessary
Flaws
- The need to connect to the mains for the operation of aerators.
- Difficult service. It is good that it is regularly carried out by specialists. Independent intervention will lead to incorrect operation of the equipment.
- Restrictions on the use of household chemicals. Some of them provoke the death of aerobes.
- The price is higher than other types of equipment.
Differences in the type of appliances determine which septic tank to choose for a private house. For example, for, a septic tank is suitable.
Criteria for choosing a septic tank for a country house
A competent choice of a recycling device is impossible without taking into account several defining criteria.
materials
- Concrete monolith. Durable, very durable. It is erected independently, formwork is used for installation. Quite difficult to make.
- Iron concrete rings. Like the previous version, they are durable and last a long time. They need a secure seal. They can only be installed with the help of special equipment.
- or brick structures. Raised from the bottom of the pit. Effective sealing is required, otherwise the material is destroyed by moisture. Installation is difficult.
- Plastic tanks. Lightweight, relatively durable, low price. Insensitive to corrosion. Can be damaged by rodents, crack at low temperatures.
- Metal containers. More often from steel alloys. Durable, durable, sealed. Without effective protection destroyed by corrosion.
- Fiberglass containers. Tight, lightweight, durable. Chemically inert, do not crack at low temperatures. They serve for a long time.
Dimensions
Calculated on the basis of the average daily flow rate. On average, one person per day accounts for 200 liters of sewage. According to the norms, the reservoir must contain at least a three-day norm for each resident. Plus, there is a reserve of 25-30% in case guests often come. The technical documentation of factory models always indicates how many people they are designed for.
The estimated volume of waste fluid determines the number of sections. So, if it is less than 1 cu. m, then choose a single-chamber utilizer, less than 10 cubic meters. m - two-chamber, more than 10 cubic meters. m - three-chamber. The dimensions of home-made devices are chosen arbitrarily.
Soil type and groundwater level
The geological situation of the area affects the choice. A sump with or infiltrate is placed only on sandy, pebbly and gravel soils, on plastic and sandy sandy loams. Groundwater should not reach at least 1 m to the structure. Clays, hard sandy loams, loams are not able to pass or absorb liquid. Therefore, it is impossible to put post-treatment systems on them.
Here, only discharge through sealed pipes into a centralized sewer or into ditches for drains is possible.
The best choice for clay soils there will be sealed reservoirs or bio-treatment stations. Highly rising groundwater also does not allow the installation of sedimentation tanks complete with post-treatment. Only accumulators or biological stations are possible.
Homemade or Factory Made
Sometimes owners refuse to buy factory equipment. Make a choice in favor of homemade. Sometimes this is justified.
It is erected from concrete rings, monolithic concrete, brick. Provided that the installation is carried out correctly, a reliable durable construction is obtained. Sometimes old tires are used or just a pit is used. Such structures have a detrimental effect on the environment, polluting the soil around them. Factory containers made of plastic, and even more so fiberglass, will do the job better. Putting them in their place is very simple. Septic tanks can also be made independently, but only the most simple models. After them, the liquid needs to be further cleaned, and equipment must be installed for this. If you need a completely safe, reliable design with a high degree of cleaning, you will have to buy it.
We conclude that a small drive is enough for a temporary home. The advantage of this solution is that the mini-tank can be installed independently. Houses with a permanent stay should be equipped with bio-cleaning stations. Settling devices equipped with post-treatment equipment can also be installed, but only if the terrain conditions allow it.
Rating of the best septic tanks for a country house
- Topol, Eco-Grand company. Purifies waste liquid by 99%. Service is simplified due to the non-standard design of the first compartment. It is possible to clean the device yourself.
- "Eurobion" from "Yubas". The rhythmic aeration tank allows the system to work even if the sewerage is not constantly used.
- "Triton" and "Tank" from "Triton-plastic". A wide range of septic tanks, settling tanks and storage tanks of different capacities. From mini and micro models to 10,000 l tanks.
- Astra from Unilos. Carries out effective multi-stage cleaning.
So, how to choose a septic tank for? It is necessary to accurately determine the volume of sewage, find out the type of soil, the level of groundwater rise. All this will help you choose the type of device. It remains to choose the material and volumes. The range of systems for recycling is very wide, it will not be difficult to make a rational choice.
The owners of any country house, organizing an autonomous sewage system, have to solve the problem of which septic tank is better. The fact is that designs of this type are on sale in a wide variety, which imposes a certain difficulty on choosing the right option.
Essence of the question
A septic tank is a waterproof container, which includes one or more compartments (chambers). Like any other design, the treatment plant also has its own characteristics. When deciding which septic tank to choose, you have to study the options that are freely available and understand how they work. This will make it possible to make the right decision in the direction of a particular model.
Production material
Several criteria are used to classify septic tanks.
One of them is the type of material of manufacture:
- Reinforced concrete rings. These prefabricated structures are characterized good reliability and resistant to corrosion. The disadvantages of products include their large mass, which implies the use of special mechanisms during installation.
- Monolithic concrete . Structures of this type are equipped in place by pouring concrete mortar, for which the formwork is preliminarily laid. Concrete is prepared at the place of work, or ordered at the nearest concrete goods.
- Brick or foam blocks. For this, the bottom and walls of the excavated pit are intensively sealed. clay mortar or modern coating materials. Laying is carried out in the traditional way, with a shift in rows.
- Steel tanks. They are characterized by low cost and excellent resistance to mechanical stress. A serious disadvantage of steel products is their tendency to rust, which requires additional waterproofing work.
- Polymer materials. This type of septic tank for a private house is lightweight and belongs to the budget options. However, at low temperatures, the polymer becomes brittle and begins to crack. In addition, structures of this type are often damaged by rodents.
- fiberglass. These rugged, lightweight models are characterized by chemical resistance, which makes them practical and durable.
Regardless of what the septic tank is made of for a permanent residence, it is important to pay attention to its strength and tightness. Under no circumstances should internal effluents be released into the environment.
Purpose
According to the specifics of the function performed, septic tanks for a country house and a summer residence are divided into three groups:
- Cumulative. Structures of this type consist of a strong sealed container or paired communicating wells. A feature of the maintenance of storage septic tanks is the need for constant pumping of wastewater. To do this, you need to order a special machine with a barrel and a compressor.
- Settling tanks. The complexes include soil post-treatment modules. Without them, the degree of waste purification does not exceed 70-75%. Sumps include one and several compartments. Recycling accumulations involves the separation of liquid from solid particles. All this is accompanied by fermentation, for which anaerobes are introduced into the composition of the liquid.
- Deep biological treatment modules. These autonomous septic tanks for a private house consist of a set of compartments, which allows for a phased chemical, biological and mechanical decomposition of waste. Organic residues are so harmless that they can be removed directly into the pond or soil. See also: "Autonomous sewage for a private house - types, features of the device, selection rules".
Comparing septic tanks for a country house, first of all, they pay attention to the simplest storage-type structures. Their functioning is based on the gradual stratification of the waste that has got inside. As a result, more massive inclusions move to the bottom, and liquid runoff rises. The operation of settling tanks is also based on the natural separation of insoluble impurities from water: this is called the settling process.
To bring the separated liquid to a safe state, septic tanks for the cottage are equipped with infiltrators. In appearance, these are containers without a bottom, acting like aeration platforms. After getting into the waste infiltrators, they are additionally cleaned. Further, in transit through the soil filter, the liquid is brought out.
Choosing a septic tank deep cleaning involves the use of an integrated methodology that provokes a phased decomposition of waste. First, solid particles are precipitated, then organic substances are biorecycled. Further, the chemical module and the final filter are included in the work. A comparison of septic tanks shows that only deep cleaning units are able to bring the degree of purification to 95-98%. After clarification and antiseptic treatment, the processed masses are allowed to be released into the environment.
Best Options
When choosing a septic tank for a country house, it is necessary to focus on certain criteria. First of all, pay attention to the specifics of the home and the needs of the people living in it. The price of the device depends on the material of its manufacture, capacity and number of design modules, the type of wastewater treatment technology used, and the use of additional devices.
What are the septic tanks for a private house by type of design and additional equipment:
- With compressors and drainage pumps.
- With filters and float gauges.
- With automatic controls.
Compressors are part of biological treatment complexes. Their task is to supply oxidizing oxygen flows to support the vital activity of aerobes. Drainage pumps the movement of wastewater inside the septic tank is stimulated. They are also used to remove the purified liquid in cases where the main complex is below the discharge point.
Why factory models are better than homemade ones
To save money, some owners of suburban areas use tires, bricks or concrete rings to make septic tanks. To build such a structure, you have to spend enough time and effort. With your own hands, you can build not only the simplest drives, but also modular cleaners, consisting of a series of interconnected settling tanks. This makes it possible to achieve a fairly good water clarification.
However, in terms of practicality and efficiency, the best septic tank for a permanent residence is still a factory design. As a rule, products of this type are certified for compliance with building and environmental requirements.
Features of the soil and the depth of the passage of groundwater
In the process of finding the best septic tank for a country house, it is necessary to take into account the geological features of the area. For example, treatment facilities in combination with an infiltrator or an absorption shaft, they require the passage of groundwater 1 m below the cut of the potential bottom of the soil post-treatment complex. It is allowed to discharge the purified liquid into the surrounding space only if there is a layer of sand, gravel or pebbles below the post-treatment system. It can also be sandy plastic soils.
Apply cleaning to clay soils it makes no sense. The fact is that the degree of water absorption by clay, loams and hard soils is almost at zero level. As a result, the drainage into the soil will stop, and the septic tank itself will flood with water. In such a situation, an additional water supply system is usually used, diverting effluents into ditches or centralized communications. In the case of a close location of groundwater to the surface of the earth, the use autonomous complexes cleaning is a big problem. This also applies to areas where the groundwater level rises sharply during spring snowmelt or heavy rains.
There are the following types of septic tanks for summer cottages with a high level of groundwater:
- Sealed storage tanks. As they fill, it is necessary to carry out pumping and removal of wastewater.
- VOCs. Pumps are used to pump the purified liquid.
The cheapest way to select a septic tank for a site with a high level of groundwater is to purchase a polymer container. It provides for biological treatment and further withdrawal of liquid into the storage tank.
There are two options for emptying the storage tank. If there is a central sewer line nearby, sewage can be pumped into it by means of a pump. In other cases, you have to invite for pumping out sewers. To do this, it is necessary to arrange in advance a convenient access to the location of the tank.
Characteristics of the septic tank
To determine the volume of the receiving block or section, it is necessary to start from the average daily norm of effluents per tenant. At the same time, they are guided by daily consumption with a standard set of plumbing - 200 l / 1 person. According to modern standards, the effluent collector must be able to accept the volume from each person in a three-day rate. If there are four people in the family, the capacity of the septic tank is calculated as 4x200x3 = 2.4 m 3. For those houses where guests are often received, the volume of the receiving capacity must be increased by 20-30%.
Modern septic tanks for a private factory-made house are usually marked with indications of the number of people they are able to serve. The optimal depth of the tank is considered to be 1.5-3 m. In cases where a tank of greater depth is used, additional obstacles may appear when pumping out accumulations of contents with a sewage machine.
Performance Degree
To choose the best septic tank for a country house, which would not fail and work flawlessly, it is necessary to take into account the type of dwelling and the performance of the device:
- Seasonal accommodation. In those dachas that are intended exclusively for relaxing on weekends and during the warm season, it makes no sense to mount expensive treatment facilities from several chambers. The best option for cases where the average daily volume of waste does not exceed 1 m 3 are single chamber septic tanks little performance. The weight of compact complexes is quite small. This facilitates their transportation and installation measures for deepening into the pit. Such work can be done independently, without involving special equipment.
- permanent residence. If a country house is intended for year-round use, it is recommended to use complex septic tanks for a permanent residence 4 5. A good option are sedimentation tanks equipped with ground aftertreatment. First of all, this applies to areas with a low location of the groundwater level. To ensure good efficiency of individual sewage, it is recommended to use aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in its work. They are introduced into containers, which leads to the "eating" of organic matter. Thanks to the use of biological decomposition of wastewater, waste products are brought to the state of industrial water.
Deep cleaning modules are best installed in those cottages near which there are natural reservoirs. The fact is that after the procedure of deep purification, the effluents are so safe that they are allowed to be poured into rivers and lakes.
Domestic models
Russian manufacturers have been manufacturing autonomous septic tanks for country houses for several decades. During this period, a number of companies specializing in such products have appeared. Some models simply duplicate imported septic tanks from leading European brands. But in most cases, we are talking about really unique developments for filtering wastewater.
Name of septic tanks domestic production most popular:
- eurobion. A product of years of development by leading engineers production association"Yubas". Complexes of this type incorporate innovative membranes manufactured using a unique technology. Thanks to the use of a rhythmic aerotank, the complexes can be used in the mode of long-term downtime of the sewerage system.
- Poplar. The manufacturer of this reliable septic tank is the Eco-Grand company. The device is characterized by very high-quality cleaning (up to 99%). Thanks to the introduction of original production schemes that open access to the primary chamber, the procedure for maintaining departments has been simplified. To extract large sewer waste outside, the help of specialists is not required.
- Aster. Complexes from trademark"Unilos", capable of issuing a level of purification from harmful inclusions up to 75%. The company is represented on the market by several developments designed for a different number of consumers. For additional equipment of the module, a compressor is used, which makes it possible to carry out filtration in several stages. After passing through all stages of treatment, wastewater can be discharged into the environment.
- Tank. Brand of septic tanks from the company "Triton-plastic". The model line of this manufacturer consists of devices of various capacities, from compact tanks for 600 l / day, to powerful stations for 1200 l / day. Their characteristics coincide with those of standard multi-stage complexes for the processing of waste products.
- Triton. This product is also owned by the Triton-plastic company. There are several modifications of this development on the market. They are distinguished by the shape of the tanks and cleaning methods. Models of the "micro" and "mini" categories have a capacity of 450 and 750 liters, and the tanks marked "H" and "T" are designed for the processing of wastewater in volumes from 10,000 liters.
- Tver. Septic tank with pumping out for a private house from the trademark " Engineering equipment». A complex approach includes the use of both mechanical and biological method. The modular line has a four-level method of clarification of waste products. The productivity of the station is at the level of 750-1500 m3/day.
- Topas. Models of this type are characterized by low consumption of electrical energy. Thanks to the use of four sections, the degree of wastewater treatment reaches 98%.
In the process of solving the problem of which septic tank to choose for a private house, it is recommended to pay attention to the products of the Triton-plastic company. They are distinguished by a significant thickness of the body walls and the use of stiffeners. As a result, the structure is able to resist large external influences. This is very valuable, given the realities of the climate of some Russian regions, with their characteristic frosty heaving of the soil and sharp temperature drops. Such structures are protected from floating during the spring snowmelt, when the groundwater level rises sharply. When installing structures of this type, you can not use special concrete and metal weighting agents.
One of the most good septic tanks for the house is considered the development of the production association "Leader". We are talking about a whole complex consisting of polypropylene sections: three-stage filtration is used inside this type of equipment. We are talking about mechanical, aerobic and biofiltration treatment, which makes it possible to discharge liquid into natural reservoirs.
Among the most popular septic tanks are the Rostok treatment plants from the EcoProm company. This company has long specialized in the manufacture of anaerobic complex stations, and has achieved a lot of success in this field. However, it should be borne in mind that these devices are able to produce a degree of purity of waste at the level of 65-70%. In order to bring the effluents to acceptable levels for discharge into the environment, it is recommended to use drainage tunnels.
Each of the septic tanks mentioned in this review has a set of individual characteristics, which allows the buyer to choose the best option for himself. In addition to tank volume, performance and cleaning method great importance has the cost of treatment plants. Another great advantage of factory complexes is the possibility of their additional completion through the docking of additional modules. This stimulates an increase in the volume and productivity of the treatment complex.
Outcome
In the absence of a centralized sewage system in a private house, there is only one way out - to acquire an autonomous sewage disposal system. There is no single answer to the question of which septic tank is the best. Much depends on the purpose of the house and the number of people living in it. So, for dwellings with permanent residence, it is desirable to use full-fledged treatment facilities with a multi-stage filtration system. The effluents that have passed through such a complex are allowed to be discharged into the nearest reservoir or ditch.
As for seasonal dachas, in the process of searching for which septic tank to choose for a private house, it is recommended to pay attention to the simplest settling tanks. To save money, such structures, resembling cesspools, are equipped by the owners of the dacha. For this, concrete rings, bricks or used tires are most often used. However, the most reliable septic tanks are fiberglass factory models that are not afraid of frost heaving and spring floods.
