What is positive thinking? It is the mind's ability to concentrate on positive thoughts and images. This is your good attitude towards yourself, towards people and the world, when you think about good things and believe in good things.

When you see merit in yourself and in your loved ones. When your words radiate joy and love, and your smile warms those around you with its warmth.

Positive thinking- this is one of the components of your success and personal growth. A person with positive thinking believes in his success. He thinks about health, not illness. About joy instead of sadness. He seeks happiness in every moment of life. And he gets what he believes in, since thoughts are material.

But unfortunately, many people do not trust positive thinking. They think it's a pathetic illusion. They choose to think about hatred and doom. They don't want to take responsibility for their lives into their own hands. But in vain. They are missing out on a lot. But it's their choice.

But maybe they are right? Perhaps, you thought. Where is the proof that positive thinking- this is a really powerful thing that HELPS. And the proof of this is the eternal knowledge that has always existed and which has finally reached us. And now many scientists believe in the power of positive thinking. And probably not in vain. But the choice is, of course, yours. And if you want to make yourself and your life happy, then try to think positively and make sure own experience is that IT REALLY WORKS.

How to learn positive thinking? - important warning

If you want to learn positive thinking, then the first thing you must learn is the law of gradualism. It does not happen that a person completely gets rid of negative thoughts in just 1 month. Yes, and this is not necessary. Our world is dual and only thinking about good things is not entirely correct. It is important to have more positive thoughts in your head. And it is important to switch in a timely manner so as not to remain for a long time in negative thoughts.

Some people commit big mistake- they suppress their negative experiences. This cannot be done. Negative emotions also have a place and you need not to suppress them, but to manage them and get rid of them in a timely manner. Remember this.

And now, after an important warning, we can begin to describe the techniques themselves for mastering positive thinking.

Where to begin? - first recommendations for teaching positive thinking.

To train your mind positive thinking You should surround yourself with positive information as much as possible. Read articles and books on relevant topics. In addition to collecting the knowledge you need, these simple steps will still inspire you for further transformation.

Surround yourself positive people. And laugh and smile as much as possible. Learn to be a happy and positive person.

There are 2 main development techniques positive thinking- Thisaffirmations and creative visualization . Use them regularly and your thinking will become positive over time. At first, you will begin to notice small changes, fortune will begin to smile on you more. Life will give you pleasant moments and surprises. And then your changes will become more powerful, and you will gain the strength and ability to fulfill any of your desires and achieve success in all your endeavors.

I wish you success in your studies positive thinking. Be happy and healthy!

Tanya Tkacheva, website

ALMATY BRANCH OF A NON-STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

"SAINT PETERSBURG HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY OF TRADE UNIONS"

Faculty: Cultures

Department: OOD

CONTROL WORK

discipline: Psychology and ethics business communication

on the topic: Positive thinking in problem situations? situations. How to take criticism constructively

Completed by a student: Group 301PV, 3rd year correspondence department

Pavlenko Yulia

Checked: St. Rev. Dmitrieva P.N.

Almaty, 2015

INTRODUCTION

1. The essence of positive thinking

2. Techniques for mastering positive thinking. Problem situations

3. Ways to accept criticism constructively

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION

Relevance. Stressful situations overwhelm your life modern man. It is often difficult to cope with existing emotional stress. One of the effective ways to combat stress is the way of cultivating positive thinking Aronson E. “Psychological laws of human behavior in society”, St. Petersburg, 2012 - 83 p. . This is what will allow you to save inner peace and harmony, and ultimately preserve mental and physical health. An equally important skill is the ability to take criticism. Much depends on our attitude towards criticism, how we perceive criticism addressed to us. By reacting incorrectly to criticism, we can ruin our relationship not only with our superiors and work colleagues (which can affect career growth), but also with loved ones.

The purpose of this work: to study positive thinking in a problem? situations and methods of mastering it, as well as techniques for constructively accepting criticism.

To achieve the goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

Familiarize yourself with the term positive thinking;

Learn techniques for mastering positive thinking and problem situations.

Consider ways to accept criticism constructively.

The literature on this issue is quite diverse; when writing, we used the literature of such authors as Aronson E., Sidorenko E.V., Zakharov V.P., Scott J. Gr., Mayers D., Kozlov N.I. and others.

The structure of the work consists of an introduction, three main chapters, a conclusion and a list of references.

1. The essence of positive thinking

One of important places The theory of positivism is occupied by the work of Norman Vincent Peale - “The Power of Positive Thinking.” The practice described in it is based on the interweaving of religion, psychology and psychotherapy.

Peale's philosophy is based on faith in oneself and one's God-given powers and abilities. Success is facilitated by faith in the human spirit, which is the source of human strength and the awakening of which is necessary to achieve achievements.

The essence of positive thinking is to see in life not obstacles and shortcomings, failure and need, but to perceive it as a chain of positively resolved opportunities, favorable desires that should be cultivated in oneself and in others. However, not everyone can accept the principles of positive thinking, although it is necessary to strive for this Sidorenko E.V., Zakharov V.P. Practical methods? psychology of communication. L., 2010, -28 p. .

Usually people spend their lives in constant confrontation with troubles and, in their quest to rise, do not stop complaining about the difficulties that accompany their path. There is even such a concept - bad luck, but along with it there is also fortitude. And there is no reason to constantly give up, complaining about circumstances and not showing the potential for struggle inherent in everyone.

One of the ways available to an individual is to allow difficulties to be controlled by the mind and ultimately face the fact that they prevail in life. If you follow the path of getting rid of the negativism of your thoughts, then every person is able to overcome obstacles that would otherwise break him. As Peale himself says, everything contained in the book is from God, it is he who Great Teacher humanity.

First of all, faith in one’s own strengths and talents; if personal abilities are not realized, then success cannot be achieved; in this case, a feeling of inferiority will interfere, bordering on the collapse of plans and desires. But it is precisely the feeling of self-confidence that contributes personal growth and achieving set goals.

Peale's recommendations for changing your inner position are based on a technique for clearing the mind, which should be done at least twice a day. Fears and hopelessness, regrets and hatred, resentment and guilt, all this should be recycled and thrown away. The very fact of efforts made in this direction in itself brings relative relief.

However, emptiness does not exist, and here too, new ones come to replace the deleted negative thoughts, but so that they are not negative again, you need to strive to receive positive emotions, so that the thoughts are creative and positive.

To do this, throughout the day you should cultivate calming images in yourself that would have a positive effect on the soul and personality. Similar images include the impressions of contemplating the surface of the sea in the moonlight or the silence and tranquility of an age-old pine forest, For example. Articulation helps images, because power is hidden in every word Aronson E. “Psychological laws of human behavior in society,” St. Petersburg, 2012 -84p. . To control your internal state one should have hobbies, because only after immersing oneself in some positive activity, a person can get rid of the feeling of fatigue. Otherwise, energy leaks through the hopelessness of idleness and idleness.

The absence of positive life events leads to the degeneration of the individual and vice versa; the deeper the immersion in a significant type of activity, the more positive energy And fewer options get bogged down in petty troubles. There is a simple formula for overcoming adversity by reading prayers and positive images. The concept of “thinking” is generic in relation to the term “positive thinking”, so let’s consider their relationships and specifics.

According to leading psychologists A.N. Leontyev and S.L. Rubinstein, thinking acts as a set of mental actions aimed at solving a specific problem, life situation. Thinking is the operation of images, symbols, and signs in the mind in order to make the right decision.

Whole line psychological theories examines the problems of the essence, types and mechanisms of thinking, the possibilities of its development - these are associative theory, Gestalt psychology, behaviorism, the concept of J. Piaget, activity, semantic, information-cybernetic theories of thinking, the theory of multiple intelligences of E. Gardner, etc.

At the same time, positive thinking is a relatively new, insufficiently studied phenomenon in modern psychology and pedagogy, and therefore it is not represented either in traditional classifications of types of thinking, or in the theories of thinking mentioned above. The problem of educating positive thinking also awaits its solution and the search for appropriate pedagogical concepts and technologies.

One of the main issues of psychology, according to L.S. Vygotsky, is “the question of the connection between intelligence and affect.” He came to the conclusion that there is a unity of affective and intellectual processes. “Thinking and affect represent parts of a single whole - human consciousness,” since “every idea contains, in a processed form, a person’s affective attitude to reality.” Ideas L.S. Vygotsky served as the basis for subsequent conclusions that there is a natural relationship between emotional and intellectual processes; that the development of emotions occurs in unity with the development of thinking; that there are motivational and emotional regulation of thinking.

A.N. Leontiev notes that “activity is based on a functional system of integrated and cognitive processes; thanks to this system, a person’s emotions become “smart”, and intellectual processes acquire an emotional-figurative character and become meaningful.”

The most developed theory of the relationship between thinking and emotions is the theory of A. Ellis. The “ABC formula” he created shows that an activating situation or event “causes” ideas about the situation, thoughts, views, etc., which as a result “give rise” to emotions and behavioral reactions. According to this model, thinking is primary, since it is what “triggers” the experience of various emotions; emotions act as a result of a person’s thoughts and beliefs. According to A. Ellis, it is the interpretation that is important, and not the life situation itself.

The possibility of developing the concept and technology of cultivating positive thinking is based on the indicated point of view about the predominance of cognitive assessments over emotions, due to which a person can use his thoughts to influence feelings. By changing cognitive assessments, you can learn to think differently about what is happening.

In the context of the problem we are studying special attention requires consideration of the mental phenomena of optimism and pessimism.

It is clear that optimism and pessimism manifest themselves in a positive or negative feeling and perception of the world, in positive and negative thinking styles. Obviously, optimism is one of the most important components of positive thinking and attitude towards life, along with activity and self-confidence.

Both domestic and foreign psychologists agree that in problematic situation An optimist, a person with a positive mindset will be action oriented. He strives to develop a sufficient list of alternative strategies for solving the problem and behavior. A pessimist who thinks negatively, on the contrary, is focused on the state, as a result of which he is not inclined to either look for options to overcome the difficulty that has arisen or act actively.

Optimism and pessimism do not simply reflect one or another style of thinking of an individual, they represent a different practical orientation of a person in the world.

In various studies devoted to the problem of positive thinking, the following terms, similar in content, are used: sanogenic, healing thinking, positive, optimistic, constructive, rational, harmonious, thinking from a position of hope Sidorenko E.V., Zakharov V.P. Practical methods? psychology of communication. L., 2010, -58 p. .

The essence of positive thinking and the problem of its formation have interested humanity, science and practice since ancient times. The doctrine is known Tibetan lama T. Lobsang Rampa on the influence of thinking on human life: “thought is the greatest power. And only thanks to a positive mind - always positive - ... can one survive and overcome all the suffering and trials prepared for, resist insults, deprivations and, in general, survive.” According to this teaching, negative thoughts cause the experience negative emotions, and not only interfere with a person’s normal life, but also, being an indicator of “laziness of thinking,” significantly delay a person’s spiritual development. Mastering positive thinking, on the contrary, allows a person to be independent of circumstances, learn to manage his actions and consciousness in general. Ultimately, “everything depends on our way of thinking.”

It has been established that “bright”, positive thoughts are the result of conscious control, and negative thoughts are the result of an automatic response without thought or volitional effort. The dominance of certain thoughts is determined by a person, due to which everyone is the master of his own destiny to the extent that he has power over his thoughts. This is manifested, firstly, in the fact that a person is what he thinks about himself; secondly, a way of thinking can give rise to a corresponding way of life; thirdly, the result depends on the quality of thoughts and, fourthly, the “quality” of life is determined not by the objective situation, but by the subjective response to it, manifested in the prevailing style of thinking.

It is no secret that the meaning of the same event changes depending on a person’s train of thought. In accordance with this, Yu.M. Orlov introduces the concepts of sanogenic (positive) and pathogenic thinking.

The essence of sanogenic (positive) thinking is to distinguish between things that depend on us and things that we cannot control. This distinction allows a person, in the first case, to actively change situations, and in the second, to accept situations as they are and adapt to them, which preserves his mental and physical health. It can be argued that sanogenic thinking is inherent in the “man of will,” and pathogenic thinking is inherent in the “man of habit.” The ability to think positively is necessary condition manifestations of subjectivity, and the degree of mastery of positive thinking indicates the degree of a person’s internal freedom.

Analysis of the works of foreign and domestic researchers devoted to the problem of positive thinking allows, firstly, to reveal the essence of the concept of “positive thinking” and highlight a number of characteristics characterizing it, secondly, to determine the structure of positive thinking as a psychological and pedagogical phenomenon, thirdly, determine the functions of positive thinking in a person’s life. All this gives us the opportunity to present our model of positive thinking.

So, positive thinking is characterized by a number of specific features, the leading of which will be: the presence of a positive self-concept; a person’s awareness of the possibility of solving problems, focus on finding ways to overcome them constructively, and the presence of motivation to achieve success; optimism as a dominant thinking style and personality quality; managing the way you think; vision of a positive life perspective.

2. Techniques for mastering positive thinking. Problem situations

The first thing that is necessary to master positive thinking is the realization that each person himself creates his own home of happiness.

The second thing that should not be avoided is the desire to understand all the problems that haunt and gnaw.

The third principle of positive thinking involves setting goals and priorities. Clear goals and mental, in detail, modeling of their achievement are important. Powerful tool- mental visualization of goals.

The fourth principle is smiling: “Laughter prolongs life.”

The fifth principle is the ability to appreciate what is “here and now”; every moment is unique and will never happen again.

Principle six - optimism. Not the optimist who sees everything exclusively in a rosy light, but the one who is confident in both himself and his abilities.

Positive thinking is an art. Mental balance, mental balance, they are promoted by true art - positive thinking. One of the greatest planetary forces in reality is the power of thought. Man has the power to evolve to the greatest heights with the power of his own thoughts.

If the thought process is directed towards the negative, then instead of development there will be a degradation of the personality, as intense as the person is active in his fall. The power of positive thinking is hidden in the inability of the person who cultivates it to be influenced by anger and hatred, greed and pettiness, fear and meanness, that is, negativism in any of its manifestations. Each individual reacts to the environment in a unique way, and it is precisely this reaction that will be the basis of his future. This postulate indicates that it depends only on the individual what kind of future awaits him, a joyful one or something else.

Positive thinking is based on three main conceptual principles Scott J. Gr. Conflicts, ways to overcome them. - Kyiv: Vneshtogizdat, 2011, -83 p. :

Exchange of energies;

Eradicating mental pollution;

Interdependence of body and mind.

The exchange of energies lies in the fact that literally every emotion felt by an individual leaves quite definite traces on his subtle body, which subsequently influence the line of his future thoughts. In this regard, emotions are divided into those that give energy and those that take it away. To acquire harmony, you should immerse yourself in a meditative state, give the mind the opportunity to modify thoughts in a positive direction, transform anger into mercy, sadness into gratitude.

It is almost impossible to eliminate completely unfavorable thoughts, but it is quite possible to transform them into favorable thoughts. There is an opinion that bad emotions clog the brain, among them arrogance and jealousy, passion and insatiability, self-interest and lust, envy and rashness.

First of all, it is necessary to get rid of them, because they are the essence of a projection of shortcomings on a person’s physical and spiritual health. The experiences of each person are reflected in himself and in the world around him, so one should accept as an axiom the statement about the interconnectedness of the human body with the thoughts generated by the brain. According to the essence of positive thinking and the practice that accompanies it, you will be immersed in a meditative state, focusing on a problem situation and - mentally destroying it.

3. Ways to accept criticism constructively

First we need to understand: what do we mean by the concept of “criticism”? Criticism is a discussion, analysis of something in order to make an assessment, to identify shortcomings; a negative judgment about something, an indication of shortcomings Ozhegov S., Publisher: Onyx-LIT, Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language, 2013, 376 pp.

Many people are very sensitive to the slightest hint of criticism. This happens because negative information in general turns out to be more significant for people than positive information, since, being less common, it attracts more attention. This does not mean that criticism as a way of influencing people should be excluded. However, when using it, it is necessary to consider in what form it should sound, at what time and in what place. Thus, good coaches never criticize their athletes immediately after the game, when emotions have not yet cooled down. They postpone the “debriefing” for the next day, for “cool heads.” Otherwise, they may make unfounded criticism and needlessly offend the athlete.

How to rationally perceive criticism? We often have to listen to criticism addressed to us. It has long been known that criticism becomes useful only when the people to whom it is addressed have certain attitudes towards its perception. They can be reduced to the following provisions:

Criticism addressed to you is your personal reserve for improvement. Objectively, criticism is a form of helping the person being criticized to find and eliminate shortcomings in their work. Criticism addressed to you is an indication of areas for improving the business you are doing. There is no criticism from which one cannot derive benefit.

Any muting of criticism is harmful, since it “drives the disease inside” and thereby makes it difficult to overcome the shortcoming.

Constructive (with an attitude towards improving things) perception of critical comments cannot depend on what motives the critic was guided by (it is important that the essence of the shortcoming is correctly indicated).

The business perception of criticism should not depend on who (which person, for what purposes) makes critical remarks. The reception of criticism should not depend on the form in which it is presented; the main thing is that the shortcomings are analyzed. Main principle constructive perception - everything I did could be done better. The most valuable ability is to be able to find the rational grain in criticism even when it is not visible at first glance.

Any criticism requires reflection: at a minimum - about what caused it, at a maximum - about how to correct the situation Fomin Yu.A. Psychology of business communication. - Minsk, 2013, -83s. .

The benefit of critical comments is that they also analyze areas of work that are not addressed in the discussion. The first step in correctly accepting criticism is fixation; the second is comprehension and identification of opportunities to use for business; third - correction of the deficiency; the fourth is the creation of conditions that prevent its recurrence. If they criticize, it means they believe in my ability to fix things and work without failures.

If there is no criticism addressed to you, this is an indicator of disdain for you as an employee.

The most valuable criticism points out the real mistakes of someone who appears to be doing a good job.

Criticism of possible negative consequences the decisions I made are a prerequisite for the timely prevention of work failures.

The ability to see critical content in the questions asked is an important ability of an employee and a condition for detecting weaknesses in the organization of a business.

Truly business-like behavior of a person presupposes the ability to identify a critical attitude towards one’s actions and actions even when there is no open criticism.

In turn, give constructive criticism. When someone on your team does something wrong, you as a leader should point it out to them and tell them how to proceed. But be careful - harshness or tactlessness in this matter can shake a person's self-confidence or undermine his morale. Few people like to criticize people (with the exception of certain neurotics, who, alas, are sometimes found among us), but if you choose the right approach, criticism can benefit both parties. Our brief recommendations will help turn criticism into a positive tool.

Make critical comments promptly, directly to your face and face to face. If someone is doing something they shouldn't, you should point it out at the first opportunity - don't put it off too long. Address the person directly, but respectfully and in a way that the situation can be discussed properly. Make sure that there are no strangers during your conversation. Public humiliation of your team members is unlikely to benefit the cause.

Make sure the person agrees with you. For example, you think that your subordinate forgot to prepare something for tomorrow. But before you scold, make sure that this is really the case. The person may have justifiably delegated his work to someone else because he was busy himself. Therefore, try to reach agreement on the facts.

Ask for reasons and then listen to the answer. You both agree that you forgot to prepare something, but why? Maybe your employee is in trouble. But it may turn out that he was just chatting with his colleagues. Obviously, each case requires its own approach. Give the employee a chance to explain.

Criticize actions, not people Stolyarenko, L. D. Psychology of business communication for university students: tutorial/ - Rostov n/a: Phoenix, 2012, -63s. . Don't try to shame anyone, don't throw out phrases like: "You're just a talker, that's the whole problem." By labeling, you only reinforce an unwanted behavior pattern. Focus on the action: “The problem is that outside conversations while working distract you.”

Place the error in a broader context. It is possible that your employee does not fully understand possible consequences of his mistake. Explain why you should pay attention to it: “If something is not prepared in advance, then tomorrow there will be no time for it. The schedule is disrupted, and we will be late all day, causing dissatisfaction with our students. And besides,..."

Find a consistent solution. A mistake was made, time cannot be turned back. The most important thing is to ensure that it does not happen again in the future. You need to find a solution that will satisfy both of you. Ideally, it should come from the offender himself. In this case, he will feel obliged to fulfill it.

End the conversation on a positive note. There is absolutely no reason for you to leave an employee depressed or undermine his confidence in his abilities. This does not improve productivity. Therefore, always end the conversation with a compliment: “We hope that everything will be all right, because you have always been committed” or “By the way, thank you for yesterday’s event, you were great there...”.

It is not always necessary to respond to criticism immediately, especially for impulsive people. If you have an explosive character, it is better to wait a little. When we respond angrily, with a feeling of wounded pride, we, as a rule, regret it later.

Also, in order to correctly perceive criticism, you should understand that: Any constructive criticism is beneficial. Not paying attention to criticism is harmful, as it drives problems deep inside and makes it difficult to overcome shortcomings. It doesn’t matter what motives the person criticizing you was guided by, it is important that the essence of the mistake or shortcoming is correctly indicated Stolyarenko, L. D. Psychology of business communication for university students: a textbook / - Rostov n/D: Phoenix, 2012, -163 p. . Any criticism requires reflection: at least about what caused it, at most about how to improve the situation.

A person striving for success and self-improvement must be able to identify a critical attitude towards himself and his actions even when there is no open criticism.

American psychologists Connirae and Steve Andreas, who study the impact of criticism on people's health and well-being, came to the conclusion that the key difference between people who tolerate criticism well and those who feel devastated after hearing a remark is the attitude towards criticism. People who remain calm find it easier to evaluate criticism, decide whether there is a rational grain in it, and decide how to behave. And those who do not know how to respond correctly to criticism, do not understand its true meaning, take what is said to heart and fall into despair. If criticism is constructive, not directed at the individual, and leads to improved future performance, then it serves the general interest. This is why an effective counselor never shies away from criticism. It is worth noting that there will be less criticism directed at you if you yourself criticize infrequently and justifiably. If this is not the case, then you should familiarize yourself with the secrets of conflict-free behavior Kozlov N.I., “How to treat yourself and people, or practical psychology for every day", 4th ed. lane and additional, -M: Ast-press, 2001, -336 p. .

positive thinking constructive criticism

CONCLUSION

The benefits of positive thinking for the success of a modern person are undeniable. Positive thinking is based on three main conceptual principles: 1) energy exchange; 2) eradication of mental pollution; 3) interdependence of body and mind.

Taking criticism constructively means:

Listen carefully to the person who criticizes you, and thereby express respect for him;

Try to understand your problems and thereby express respect for yourself;

Consider and implement proposed changes, if appropriate.

Also, in order to correctly perceive criticism, you should understand that any constructive criticism is beneficial Fomin Yu.A. Psychology of business communication. - Minsk, 2013. -83 p. . Not paying attention to criticism is harmful, as it drives problems deep inside and makes it difficult to overcome shortcomings. It doesn’t matter what motives the person criticizing you had, it is important that the essence of the mistake or shortcoming is correctly indicated. Any criticism requires reflection: at least about what caused it, at most about how to improve the situation. A person striving for success and self-improvement must be able to identify a critical attitude towards himself and his actions even when there is no open criticism.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1) Aronson E. “Psychological laws of human behavior in society”, St. Petersburg, 2012, -328p.

2) Kozlov N.I., “How to treat yourself and people, or practical psychology for every day,” 4th ed. lane and additional, -M: Ast-press, 2001, -336 p.

3) Mai?ers D. " Social Psychology", St. Petersburg, 2012, -225 p.

4) Sidorenko E.V., Zakharov V.P. Practical methods? psychology of communication. L., 2010, -328 p.

5) Scott J. Gr. Conflicts, ways to overcome them. - Kyiv: Vneshtogizdat, 2011, 183 p.

6) Stolyarenko, L.D. Psychology of business communication for university students: textbook / - Rostov n/d: Phoenix, 2012, -163 p.

7) Fomin Yu.A. Psychology of business communication. - Minsk, 2013.

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Often, the concept of positive thinking is misunderstood. In fact, this does not mean that you have to be happy every day and, at the same time, smile all the time. Rather, it is a choice, a way of life, a philosophy that helps to look for the positive in any life situation. Of course, it's easy to enjoy every day when life flows smoothly and simply.

However, it is only when it begins to throw up problems, difficulties and even tragedies that your positive thinking is truly tested, says .

Positive thinking entails positive life. This, in turn, presupposes the ability to improve. We call it a skill because this ability can be acquired in the same way as learning a language or playing a game. musical instruments. For those who are optimistic by nature, this is certainly easier to do, but everyone can become more positive if they just want to.

What is the opposite of positivity? That's right, negative. This phenomenon occurs in abundance in our society, especially in the current climate of fear, uncertainty and uncertainty. Recently, one can often observe how young couples set themselves, first of all, the goal of acquiring nice apartment, house, other material goods, make a certain cash reserve. How to spot signs of kidney disease There is a theory that it is because of the instability in the world around us that young people have become more insistent in their desire to have everything at once, without waiting for a long time. Older members of our society tend to take the opposite view, being more conservative on this issue. They are ready for restrictions and are not afraid of difficulties.

Neither of the two positions is correct. It is unwise to be too careful in your actions, but you also cannot forget about everything in the world on the way to your goal. Neither the first nor the second opinion corresponds to reality when it comes to positive thinking.

The media play a big role in shaping the social attitudes of each of us. But, unfortunately, much of what we hear and see on television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the Internet brings us negative emotions. Of course, it is very difficult to maintain positive attitude in light of such a powerful onslaught of negativity. Many people choose to exclude any exposure to media from their lives for this reason, but positive thinking does not involve avoiding problems. It's about about walking boldly through life and always having your own point of view, especially when you have to face negative side life.

So what is true positive thinking?

The whole truth about positive thinking

In fact, positive thinking is more than just optimism. People who have it are able to easily challenge all problems and difficulties. Everyone famous expression The idea that the glass can be half empty or half full perfectly characterizes supporters of positive thinking. Two people can look at the same glass and see two completely different situations, depending on your point of view. We have a wonderful story that shows how this happens.

A father took his two young sons to the doctor because one boy was a complete pessimist and the other was an absolute optimist, which worried the father very much. The doctor asked the man to leave his children with him for the day. The man agreed, and the doctor led the boys down the corridor. He opened one door leading to a room filled with every imaginable toy, stuffed animal, sweets, and more. The doctor suggested that the pessimist stay there for a while, saying that the room could be fun. He then led the optimist into a second room, which contained nothing but a huge pile of dung located right in the center. The doctor left the boy there. At the end of the day, the doctor entered the room where the first boy was to play. The room looked terrible, toys were broken, scattered all over the floor, everything was a mess. The pessimistic boy cried and told the doctor that he had no more toys left! Then the doctor went to next room, where he found an optimist boy sitting in a pile of manure. When asked why he climbed there, the boy replied that, in his opinion, if there was such a large pile of manure, then there must be a horse somewhere nearby!

This story very clearly characterizes both pessimism and optimism. The pessimistic boy was unhappy, despite all the blessings that were given to him, and the optimist looked for good in the most terrible things.

Let's give another example. Two men, one of whom was an optimist and the other a pessimist, were on an air flight. The pessimist told his friend about all the potential dangers of such a trip - crime, airport security, the risk of terrorism, and so on. Since the optimist did not react to this information, the pessimist finally remembered that the plane could explode! Without thinking twice, the optimist replied that it’s okay! If this happens, they will already be much closer to heaven. Thus, the typical approach of a person who strives for positive thinking and living is to see the good side in even the most terrible events.

Negativity concept

Before we can consider changing negative thinking to positive thinking, we must understand the nature of the former. The reason why most people prefer to have a negative thinking style is because it is much more convenient and safe. Negativity is associated with fear and the need to control the world around us. Positivity is characterized by trust and the belief that life is good. But trust is a risk. Many people are afraid that life will give them unwanted surprises.

Negative ego

In nature, all opposites are balanced. Sometimes we follow the first principle mentioned above, sometimes we follow the last one. In general, however, we move in waves between the two, embracing both sides of our nature. Most of us are raised to strive to show only our positive sides, which results in us not being our full selves. The human psyche is based on both positive and negative. The latter is represented as the negative ego. This is literally ours dark side, whose job is to make us worry, doubt, feel anger, resentment, self-pity and hatred of others - the whole spectrum of so-called negative emotions. We say so-called because all emotions are in fact healthy and should be expressed without judgment or restriction. What really matters is how we respond to them. In addition, there are tools with which you can.

When the negative ego speaks in us, we still have to listen to it, because we have enough wisdom and strength not to do bad things. In doing so, we simply become more resilient and stronger. This voice is suppressed by most of us, leading to many potential problems. In very severe cases, the dark side of our consciousness finally develops into a tendency towards violence, crime, drug addiction and destructive behavior.

On the other hand, the reward for accepting yourself completely, both positive and negative side, is an achievement that helps free your consciousness. Give yourself the opportunity to be yourself. At the same time, one cannot do without struggle and self-doubt. This doesn't mean you only need to listen to on the positive side consciousness, excluding the manifestation of negativity. However, if you allow the negative ego to control you, it can lead to problems such as drug addiction, depression and self-hatred.

How will all of this help you become more positive? The point is that being at peace with yourself is a principle of positive thinking. As we wrote at the beginning, optimism in our lives does not allow problems to completely take over our minds.

Negative thinking is a completely different concept, the appearance of which in our lives is not at all desirable. When he manages to take over your positive side of consciousness, make an effort to stop and immediately change your thoughts to positive ones. If you cannot do this, try to neutralize the influence of negative thinking. For example, when you think that you could do something, an optimist will think that he can do it, and a pessimist will think that he will not do it. Thus, if you are naturally a negative thinker, start your thought with the phrase - I am not going to think that... Gradually, you will be able to get rid of the influence of negative thinking. http://www.juris24.lt Representation in court.

Proactive life

Being positive is great, but you can take it to the next level. From positive thinking to prosperity thinking, which involves planning your life one step ahead, creating your own destiny, always expecting the best, rather than fearing the worst. This is required not only by the philosophy of optimism, but by maximum trust in oneself and life. This means living actively, not passively. Plan your goals and dream about them, expect results and believe that everything will work out.

Like any theory, positive thinking requires a lot of strength and determination. Moreover, you will always be surrounded by people who are ready to tell you about what a dreamer you are and that life is very cruel now, and you are simply wearing pink glasses. Say that you create your own reality and life scenario in accordance with your thoughts. It is much easier to complain and be a pessimist than to insist that everything will be fine, no matter the circumstances. You should never give in to fear - never, ever. The economy, climate change, terrorism - all problems associated with these factors have their solutions, and you must be sure that you will find them.

Approval and attraction

These two concepts accompany active living and creating a positive existence. Affirmations literally mean our positive statements about life. Even though they are said out loud and are perceived mechanically, affirmations have the power to help change thinking over time. Try to choose a specific area in which you want to work and, if possible, write your own affirmations. Make it as simple as possible, formulating them in the present tense and repeating the affirmations constantly, like a mantra. In light of the current financial crisis, you can, for example, say that you are financially secure. Reality will indeed change with your statement if you believe in what you are saying and have made a firm decision to use this method.

Attractiveness is an expression of the energy you put into changing your thoughts and expressing what you want to see in material form around you. Feeling grateful for what you already have is part of this energy. Anxiety is the exact opposite of positive energy and actually delays achieving results. It's great to set goals and want to achieve great things in the future, but it's also vital to stay in the present. Goals that you set too far into the future are a sure recipe for developing negative thinking and strengthening feelings of fear. Enjoy life in the present moment, but not recklessly. Enjoy the small ones simple gifts that make up your daily life, such as sunlight, the food we have, love, our family and friends, our home and so on.

Unfortunately, both positive and negative are very unstable and grow in direct proportion to the energy that causes them. Therefore, it is very important to make a conscious choice and remain positive every day, no matter the circumstances. If this is not natural for you, then initial stage difficulties may arise. However, remember that the key to learning is practice.

Sometimes, uncertainty triggers a person's defense mechanisms. It happens that the influence of external factors over which you have no control direct control, comes into conflict with the need to succeed in achieving the goal. Remember that only you are responsible for your own destiny, until the moment you want it.

Here are ten tips to help you develop truly positive thinking skills:

Give up negativity - consciously choose the predominance of positive thoughts over negative ones in all life situations.
Avoid feeling anxious, no matter how difficult the situation you find yourself in - relax, laugh and enjoy the fact that you are simply living.
Stay in the present, which is always easy to manage.
Face your fears about the challenges you are currently facing. Stay courageous and believe that your problems can always be solved.
Choose positivity as a way of life and practice it every day.
Use affirmations to attract all the good things you would like to bring into your life.
Be grateful for what you already have.
Identify and then get rid of old principles that no longer serve a positive purpose in your life.
Accept yourself for who you are and be at peace with everything around you.
Maintain a positive atmosphere around you. Hang out with optimistic people. If there is someone around you with a negative mindset, show them your beliefs and let the pessimist learn from your example, releasing their fear on the way to positive thinking.

The essence of positive thinking is to see in life not obstacles and shortcomings, failure and need, but to perceive it as a chain of positively resolved opportunities, favorable desires that should be cultivated in oneself and in others. However, not everyone is given the ability to accept the principles of positive thinking, although it is necessary to strive for this.

One of the important places in the theory of positivism is occupied by the work of Norman Vincent Peale - “The Power of Positive Thinking”. The practice described in it is based on the interweaving of religion, psychology and psychotherapy.

One of the ways available to an individual is to allow difficulties to be controlled by the mind and ultimately face the fact that they prevail in life. If you follow the path of getting rid of the negativism of your thoughts, then every person is able to overcome obstacles that would otherwise break him. As Peale himself says, everything contained in the book is from God, he is the Great Teacher of mankind.

To do this, throughout the day you should cultivate calming images in yourself that would have a positive effect on the soul and personality. Similar images include the impressions of contemplating the surface of the sea in the moonlight or the peace and quiet of a centuries-old pine forest, for example. Articulation helps images, because there is power hidden in every word. By pronouncing the word “calmness,” for example, a person is quite capable of inducing inner peace. Prayers and passages from Holy Scripture have enormous power, and by reading them you can achieve true peace.

To control your internal state, you should have hobbies, because only after immersing yourself in some positive activity, a person can get rid of the feeling of fatigue. Otherwise, energy leaks through the hopelessness of idleness and idleness.

The absence of positive life events leads to the degeneration of the individual and vice versa; the deeper the immersion in a significant type of activity, the more positive energy and less opportunity to get bogged down in minor troubles. There is a simple formula for overcoming adversity by reading prayers and positive images.

Positive thinking

Stressful situations are overwhelming modern life most individuals. It is often difficult to cope with existing emotional stress. One of them is the way of cultivating positive thinking. This is what will allow you to maintain inner peace and harmony.

The first thing that is necessary to master positive thinking is the realization that each person himself creates his own home of happiness.
The second thing that should not be avoided is the desire to understand all the problems that haunt and gnaw.
The third principle of positive thinking involves setting goals and priorities. Clear goals and mental, in detail, modeling of their achievement are important. A powerful tool is mental visualization of goals.
The fourth principle is smiling: “Laughter prolongs life.”
The fifth principle is the ability to appreciate what is “here and now”; every moment is unique and will never happen again.
The sixth principle is optimism. Not the optimist who sees everything exclusively in a rosy light, but the one who is confident in both himself and his abilities.

Positive thinking is an art

Mental balance, mental balance, they are promoted by true art - positive thinking. One of the greatest planetary forces in reality is the power of thought. Man has the power to evolve to the greatest heights with the power of his own thoughts.

The skill of positive thinking is based on human perception of oneself as material beings, consisting of flesh and blood, capable of satisfying not only physiological but also psychological needs through the human body. Each individual reacts to the environment in a unique way, and it is precisely this reaction that will be the basis of his future. This postulate indicates that it depends only on the individual what kind of future awaits him, a joyful one or something else.

Positive thinking is based on three main conceptual principles:

energy exchange;
eradication of mental pollution;
interdependence of body and mind.

In this regard, emotions are divided into those that give energy and those that take it away. To acquire harmony, you should immerse yourself in a meditative state, give the mind the opportunity to modify thoughts in a positive direction, transform anger into mercy, sadness into gratitude.

It is almost impossible to eliminate completely unfavorable thoughts, but it is quite possible to transform them into favorable thoughts. There is an opinion that bad emotions clog the brain, among them arrogance and jealousy, passion and insatiability, self-interest and lust, envy and rashness.

First of all, it is necessary to get rid of them, because they are a projection of shortcomings on a person’s physical and spiritual health. The experiences of each person are reflected in himself and in the world around him, so one should accept as an axiom the statement about the interconnectedness of the human body with the thoughts generated by the brain. And in this connection, the emergence of a new reality is possible.

The art of positive thinking is based on a practice divided into twenty-eight days of developing mental power. One such cycle may be quite enough to develop the internal potential for attracting the desired changes. The author of the method advises using Thursday as a start - the day of well-being within the framework of the Bon teachings. The end of practice is Wednesday.

According to the essence of positive thinking and the practice that accompanies it, you will be immersed in a meditative state, concentrating on a problem situation and – mentally destroying it. You can deal with a problem in completely different ways, you can tear it apart, burn it, crush it. The brighter the image of its destruction, the better.

It is quite possible that after mental destruction, problems in the brain materialize negative emotions, associated with it, but you should no longer pay attention to them, they will soon simply disappear.

Useless trainings and other relatively honest ways of taking money from the population.

This “concept” suggests that you need to smile at the world and people, not only by putting a fake “smile” on your face, but also internally: think about good things, visualize positive images, meditate on the feeling “that everything is fine,” overcome negative feelings and thoughts by force of will, etc. and so on. Accordingly, preachers of positive thinking actually suggest that adherents should always be in good mood, be cheerful, smiling, easy to communicate, etc. It is assumed that such practices (almost spiritual) should help a person not to become discouraged and be able to act correctly.

In fact, there is no experimentally confirmed connection between positive thinking “practices” and performance effectiveness. In most cases, positivity allows a person not to achieve real results, but only to establish themselves in their illusions, to legitimize their laziness and reluctance to actually work. A person who seriously believes in the power of positive thinking begins to think that everything is fine with him, which means why act? Why change anything?

To further understand whether positive thinking helps or hinders, let's ask the following question. Who spends more energy: the one who just works or the one who still tries to smile and be positive? But the one who spends more effort, of course, is in a less advantageous position.

In general, positive thinking is a concept from the circle “to pretend is to become!” (“fake it till you make it”; “act as if”). And preachers of positive thinking claim that those who look successful and feel successful will achieve success. successful man. But, in reality, these kinds of statements and emotional appeals are just psychobabble, i.e. nonsense, which, being well packaged, allows you to receive money from the population for it.

Of course, the only thinking that can help in real life, is correct thinking, quality thinking, critical thinking. Only a person who has a sound assessment of reality can act effectively in it. Thinking developed in the process of evolution as a mechanism of adaptation to the environment, and not as a way of escaping into the world of illusions.

Preachers of positive thinking do not agree with such criticism and often use sophism, according to which, in particular, if a person is immersed in depression, then he cannot act effectively, which means that he must first become positive, get out of depression and only then begin to act (on the word “depression” can be replaced by “ Bad mood"). In fact, it's exactly the opposite. You can get out of depression by doing at least the simplest actions, for example, transferring matches from a full box to an empty box (see the chapter on depression).

In other words, start taking action no matter how bad your mood is, keep working, and your mood will improve.

In general, work and labor are often accompanied by experiences and sensations that are not at all positive. Therefore, it is much more useful for a person to learn to continue working when there is no desire to work, when you experience discomfort, when you do not see the point in work. And the true advantages are acquired by those who work, all other things being equal, more than others - this is simple arithmetic.

Overcoming pain and being able to refuse pleasure is much more useful than training yourself to always be positive. This conclusion is also suggested by the famous Stanford marshmallow experiment.

This experiment got its name because the same marshmallow that American kids love to fry over a fire (and also cookies and candies) was used for the study.

How did the experiment go?

The children were asked to choose: to receive one marshmallow immediately or to receive two marshmallows, but after waiting in the room for 15 minutes. After this, the children who took part in the experiment were tracked. As the years passed, it turned out that those children who preferred two marshmallows after waiting achieved more in life than those who did not want to sit without pleasure. An adept of positive thinking, of course, is like a child who wants to receive pleasure immediately, now and, moreover, to receive it continuously.

Another sophistic argument from preachers of positive thinking is this: all other things being equal, people find it more pleasant to communicate with positive people, so such people gain an advantage. Nothing like this. For example, it is much more pleasant for tyrant bosses to communicate with people who are victimized, who easily accept a subordinate position, and who are constantly worried about their place. It is precisely these people that bosses will promote, keeping them with them (more precisely, under them). In addition, positivity can cause envy, and a positive person may begin to have a spoke in his wheels.

And the sympathy of others is not a key factor in life success (unless, of course, you are an actor or a secretary). Key Factor here, excuse the melancholy, it’s work, and only work.

Preachers of positive thinking do not understand the main thing: it is simply not possible to be positive all the time. For example, any actor will confirm that it is simply impossible to maintain an unjustified emotion for a long time. But preachers and adherents of positive thinking, like many other supporters of pseudoscientific ideas, are captive of blind faith in the power of thought. They believe that any negative experiences and thoughts can be overcome by thinking positive thoughts.

In fact, the belief that thinking about good things can stop thinking about bad things contradicts experimental data. The prominent American psychologist Daniel Wegner (author of the famous task called “don’t think about a polar bear”) showed that people cannot force themselves not to think about bad things by mental effort, just as they cannot force themselves not to think about a polar bear (see, for example, ). This experimentally recorded phenomenon, by the way, is even designated by the special term “ironic mental process”. Therefore, to believe that with the help of the power of concentration, effort of thought and positive visualizations one can throw away all negativity from oneself means to be in a deep and malignant delusion.

So adherents of positive thinking harm themselves when they try to influence themselves with the help of the power of thought, meditative efforts and visualizations, they waste energy on achieving something that is simply impossible to achieve, i.e. make extra efforts, act in a suboptimal mode. They believe in the method, see that it does not work, this fact conflicts with faith, and cognitive dissonance arises, and as a result, adherents of positive thinking receive additional tension, additional stress. Therefore, instead of making it easier, adherents of positive thinking acquire complexity; they complicate their lives and activities.

But imagine for a moment that you still learned some miraculously to experience pleasure without any external reasons: regardless of whether you achieved what you wanted or did not achieve, whether you were fired or promoted, accepted your advances or refused. Then why do anything at all? Why eat and drink? You can simply immerse yourself in waves of pleasure, dissolve in them and die. Do you think this is just logical reasoning? No - this is experimental data.

Back in 1953, James Odes and Peter Milner conducted a series of experiments in the laboratory of Donald Hebb (McGill University) in which an electrode was implanted directly into the brain of rats - in the so-called “pleasure center”. In one of these experiments, the rat itself could pass a current through the electrode by pressing a lever, i.e. independently stimulate your own pleasure center. And what is the result? You guessed it: the rats pressed the lever 7,000 times per hour, while refusing food and water and driving themselves to complete exhaustion.

In general, positive thinking, precisely because it is impossible to be positive all the time, is a win-win option for trainers and writers who have nothing to offer the client and the reader: because thinking positively Always It’s simply impossible, since all cases where positive thinking didn’t work, the client or reader will easily attribute to the fact that it didn’t work out to think positively. Plus, there is always the opportunity to sell a person another training session, another booklet - after all, no one will ever be able to master positive thinking in such a way as to be sure that they have mastered it completely.

So, positive thinking is a typical empty concept, a simulacrum and a decoy idea used by those who like to “make money the easy way” - pseudo-psychological businessmen. So don’t try to think positively, but try to think correctly, try not to make stupid mistakes, try to operate with verified and reliable information, well, if you want to break out of the average - work selflessly, work hard, work so hard that you come home after work and collapse .

There are, however, two more options: becoming a corrupt official or a bandit. But even in these cases you have to work constantly, because the competition is tough...

LITERATURE

Olds J., Milner P. Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of the septal area and other regions of the rat brain // Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. - 1954. - No. 47(6). —Pp. 419-427.

Shoda Y., Mischel W., Peake P.K. Predicting Adolescent Cognitive and Self-Regulatory Competencies from Preschool Delay of Gratification: Identifying Diagnostic Conditions // Developmental Psychology. - 1990. - No. 26(6). - Rr. 978-986.

Wegner, D. M. You can't always think what you want: Problems in the suppression of unwanted thoughts // Advances in experimental social psychology. - 1992. - Vol. 25. - pp. 193-225.

Psychophysiology: Textbook for universities / Ed. Yu.I. Alexandrova. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2007. - 464 p.