Do-it-yourself tandoor: how to make a real Uzbek stove. How to make a brick tandoor with your own hands What does a tandoor look like for a home

In order to build a tandoor on the site, it is not necessary to seek the services of a professional stove-maker. But the advice of a specialist will not be superfluous.

The design of the furnace can be built from bricks, clay and even from a barrel.

Preparing to build a tandoor

Furnace manufacturing starts with project selection.

The owner compares the idea with the available resources, decides the issue, for what purpose he needs a tool.

After that, it is determined whether the tandoor will be on a platform with wheels or in a mini version, which can be placed under a canopy, and even on a table.

Tools and materials

Do-it-yourself tandoor built using materials:

bricks;
chamotte clay;
building mixture;
stone blocks;
sheep wool;
barrels (if created on its basis);
metal sheet for pallet;

boards.

You will need tools:

hacksaw for metal;
Master OK;
grinder with a diamond wheel;
trowel;
electric drill;
metal scissors.

Useful scoop, wooden handle, kit skewers and brackets for them, lattice.

Important! Better fit kaolin or chamotte clay. Some bakers recommend red. There is only one general condition: the mass must be well mixed, otherwise cracks are guaranteed.

How much does construction cost?

In total, you will have to spend from 5 to 30 thousand rubles. Compared to the price list of tandoor masters, whose prices sometimes reach up to 100 thousand, that seems like a savings.

You need to understand that an inexperienced master may not achieve an ideal result the first time.

In 90% of cases tandoors of such owners crack already at the first use, and fireclay clay alone will be required for each alteration about one and a half thousand rubles.

Add to this efforts that may not be crowned with success.

How to build a tandoor with your own hands?

The construction of the tandoor is underway in several stages and varies depending on the type of material from which the device is made.

How to make the foundation yourself

For the tandoor, you will need an empty platform with an elevation (not clay!). Rubble is poured on it approximately fifteen centimeter layer. The depth of the foundation will be 0.4 m, ledge above the ground - 0.1 m. All this is covered with sheets of waterproofing material.

Attention! The distance from the tandoor to any buildings - at least 15 m!

How to build a brick device, its installation

Stationary tandoor is placed on dry stone ground, preferably with elevation. Ceramic clay or white refractory bricks, stone blocks are suitable for the construction of the device.

Construction starts from the foundation. For him, they dig a round hole, with a radius 60-65 cm. A thick one is laid on the bottom ( 20 cm) sand layer.

Then the furnace is installed in the form of an inverted jug or bowl. You can lay bricks horizontally or vertically.

Horizontal masonry keeps heat better, but it will take longer to mess with it. On the vertical less brick is needed, the building is being built much faster.

In order not to make a mistake with the dimensions, do first masonry without mortar(the so-called order). In the right places, the brick is cut off with a diamond wheel.

Important! Watch out for the shape of the inverted vessel: tandoor widens at the bottom and narrows at the top. If this is neglected, the heat will not hold and the food will not cook properly.

Upon completion of work cleaning the inner surface tandoor from adhering clay or building mixture. External seams are sealed with dry clay. Further, a layer of clay mixed with with finely chopped grass. The outer part, if desired, is lined with tiles or stone plates.

How to make a unit from a wooden barrel

The most common is suitable for tandoor two hundred liter barrel: metal, wood or even plastic. The main thing is that it be intact, without cracks, corrosion and patches. It is better if the hoops do not hold well, this will greatly facilitate the work. From the inside, a wooden vessel is impregnated with cottonseed (if it is not available, any vegetable) oil. for about twelve hours.

The walls are leveled, then the body of the future tandoor is dried during the week under incandescent lamps.

After that, the wooden template is removed, and the body is fired.

The construction of an iron barrel is the most budget option. How to install it?

At the iron barrel remove the bottom, cut through blower hole. Inside, the container is finished with a brick, coated with a building compound or clay from above.

Reference. Some bakers are sure that insulation optional, others say otherwise.

Can be used as an insulating layer foil coating. Cotton wool, as practice shows, greatly complicates the work, the brick “wanders” on it - it deviates from a given place, goes astray, it is difficult to strengthen it in the right position.

The blower is lined with brick in the form of a trapezoid, with the narrower part turning inward.

Outside, the iron tandoor can be do not cover with insulation.

According to the builders, such a design reliably retains heat even without it.

If desired, to the device wheels are attached, on which it can be rolled, for example, into a gazebo.

Attention! Tandoor can only be moved after the complete burnout of firewood!

Drying and initial firing of a homemade tandoor oven

The finished tandoor is dried for about a month and a half, then calcined on chips three times. Each burn lasts about four hours, the tandoor is heated as much as possible. Small chips and paper are suitable for the first time, for subsequent firewood.

Important! Make sure that the lid of the blower fit snugly against the hole. For it, a brick is often used, which, with the help of a diamond wheel, is adjusted to the size of the blower.

First, paper or a handful of coal is set on fire, then wood chips and small firewood are added until the temperature reaches thousand degrees. Using the blower cover, you can increase or, conversely, reduce the heat.

Possible problems during construction

It seems that building a tandoor with your own hands is not difficult. But this impression is deceptive.

Masonry for tandoor should be perfectly even and smooth. To achieve this, you need a properly constructed drawing and diagram.

If you are an inexperienced stove maker, your tandoor is likely to crack. This is due to various factors:

non-observance of proportions when kneading clay;
low-quality building mix;
insufficient mixing.

Suitable for bonding bricks red or chamotte clay, liquid glass is added to it. You can add to the building mix glue "Terracotta", this will give the product strength.

You can build a tandoor with your own hands in the country in a few weeks, after which you can enjoy the dishes cooked in this unusual brazier.

After all, the tandoor oven allows you to cook food with a special exotic taste.

Over open hot coals, Asians have adapted to cook almost all national dishes, from donuts and flatbreads to pieces of juicy fried meat.

The ancient stove of the peoples of Asia, despite the advances in technology, has not been forgotten. On the contrary, her popularity grew outside her homeland and reached us.

To understand how to make a tandoor in the country with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself in detail with the device and the principle of operation of the furnace.

Of course, you can buy an electric tandoor and not bother with construction.

But if you personally fold such a clay brazier, it will become the pride and original decoration of your summer cottage.

Only if the tandoor did not work out with your own hands, then you can think about purchasing its electrical counterpart.

The design and operation features of the furnace

A tandoor oven is an almost flat clay vessel narrowing upwards with a hole through which fuel is placed and dishes are placed for cooking.

The draft is provided by a blower with a shut-off damper specially arranged at the bottom of the base.

The increase in the thermal insulation properties of the stove occurs due to the brick, which is used to finish the clay base, and natural material that can accumulate heat.

As it is used clay, sand or salt.

Such a device of the tandoor oven allows the combustible fuel to heat the walls up to 400 ° C and subsequently keep the temperature for four hours.

This time is enough to prepare any dish.

Powerful heat transfer directed inside the tandoor and a stable temperature make it possible to evenly bake bread, fry meat to a crisp, and make pilaf fragrant and crumbly.

Creating a tandoor with your own hands in the country can be done in several ways. Consider three options at once, which differ in the level of complexity of the structure.

But in any case, laying down such a furnace on the ground will not be particularly difficult even for a non-professional.

Classic brick tandoor

If you build a brick tandoor with your own hands using ancient classical technology, then you will have an almost real national oven in your dacha that can glorify your culinary abilities.

Why "almost" real?

As a rule, masters always keep their secrets to themselves, so it will not be possible to build an exact copy of a brick oven. By studying the ancient technology of building a tandoor, you can find out several important things.

Firstly, the manufacture of the base of the tandoor oven requires the use of kaolin clay from the Akhangaran source. It is she who has excellent thermal insulation properties.

Secondly, the addition of sheep or camel wool to the clay allows eliminating cracking of the inside of the furnace.

The knowledge of modern masters is limited to these facts, since none of them knows the exact composition of the kaolin solution.

The construction of a classic brick tandoor stove is as follows:

Kaolin is combined and mixed with wool, at the output the composition should get a viscosity and look like thick sour cream. The prepared mixture is set aside for a week, in order to dry it evenly, for this the composition is periodically mixed. The water settled on the surface of the mixture is drained. The less water in the kaolin, the stronger the structure of the finish will become. A stove built from such material will not crack during the firing process. After the allotted time, the composition should acquire properties similar to plasticine, after which it will become malleable for modeling;
From the prepared clay, flat strips with a thickness of 5 cm are formed. Moving in a circle, with their help, they begin to sculpt the tandoor with their own hands. The classical height of the vessel is from 1 to 1.5 m; neck with a diameter of 0.5 to 0.6 m; the diameter to the narrowing of the container is 1 m. A hole is left in the lower part of the base, which will be used under the blower;
The half-finished tandoor is left to dry in the shade. It takes about 30 days for the vessel to do this;
At the next stage, the furnace is covered with a brick casing. It is necessary to use fireclay bricks, specially designed for lining the internal surfaces of stoves and fireplaces. The space between clay and brick is gradually filled with any heat-retaining material (salt, sand, clay), ramming each layer;
The inner walls of the clay vessel are coated with cottonseed oil;
At the final stage, the tandoor oven is fired until a ceramic state is obtained. During firing, the temperature is raised gradually. The process lasts about a day, as a sharp heating of the raw clay will cause cracks.

A simplified process for creating a classic tandoor

You can make a simplified version of the classic tandoor in the country on the basis of a wooden barrel. This method was invented for inexperienced craftsmen.

And this was done, probably, by the same inexperienced specialist, who could not form an even vessel from clay strips.

Making an Asian stove will require the following materials:

kaolin clay;
wooden barrel with metal rims;
fireclay sand (0.5 mm fraction);
vegetable oil;
wool of sheep or camel.

Step-by-step device for a tandoor oven based on a barrel

To create an Armenian tandoor from a barrel, you must use the instructions from this paragraph of the article.

A wooden barrel is completely filled with water and left for 24 hours to swell the wood. Sand, clay and wool are mixed in a ratio of 1:2:0.05.

The mixture is left for a couple of days until plasticity is achieved. After that, water is removed from the barrel, the tree is allowed to dry well.

The inner walls of the barrel are lubricated with oil, allowed to soak, leaving overnight.

The walls of the wooden container are lined from the inside with a plastic kaolin mixture, with a layer thickness of about 5 cm. Wetting the hands in water, the surface is smoothed until the walls are smooth and even.

To make the neck of the tandoor narrower, the thickness of the clay layer evenly increases upwards. At the bottom of the future vessel, a hole is left for the blower.

It will take at least a month for the tandoor to fully ripen, during which time the clay vessel will gradually begin to peel off the wooden walls.

After that, metal rims are removed from the barrel and the almost finished tandoor is freed from the tree.

For the purpose of firing, the kiln is placed on a layer of sand and the first firebox is produced. Having laid the minimum amount of fuel in the tandoor, a weak fire is lit, gradually adding combustible material.

For six hours, the tandoor should slowly warm up. Then the fire is made stronger, heating is brought to the maximum temperature increase.

The earthen vessel is covered with a lid and allowed to cool slowly.

To enhance the thermal insulation properties, the clay container is lined with bricks, an insulating layer is made as in the first version of the furnace.

Modern way of making tandoor

Having started the construction of a refractory brick tandoor in the country, you can be sure of getting a 100% result.

Unlike the classic manufacturing option, such an oven will not fall apart into pieces even at the beginning of drying.

Of course, such an oven will differ in appearance from the national Asian oven, but because of this, the taste of the dishes cooked in it will not become worse.

To build a brick tandoor, you need to stock up:

oven refractory bricks;
clay mixture for masonry;
kaolin clay;
sifted sand;
reinforcing mesh;
concrete mix for the foundation;
template wooden frame.

Step-by-step device of a brick tandoor

Pouring the foundation for a brick tandoor:

To build a foundation in the ground, make a round hole 40-50 cm deep with a diameter slightly larger than the base of the future furnace. Sand 10 cm thick is poured at the bottom of the pit, reinforcing material is laid on top of it;
After arranging the pit, everything is poured with a concrete mixture, leveled with a building rule. At the same time, do not forget to control the horizontalness of the surface using a level. After the horizontal foundation has completely set and dried (it will take at least a week), you can start building brick walls.

Construction of refractory brick walls:

Using a template-frame, the brick is laid in a circle of the foundation in an end way. The components of the refractory mortar for masonry are: fine quartz sand, plasticizers, a certain amount of clay;
The second row of the end masonry of the tandoor provides a hole for a metal window, which will later play the role of a blower. For this purpose, you can use a chimney;
For the construction of the walls of the tandoor, four rows of vertical brickwork are sufficient. Through the use of a wooden template, the rows will gradually narrow upwards. To achieve this, the final row of masonry must be performed with a noticeable inward slope. The result should be a tandoor with a height of 1 - 1.2 m;
The outer and inner walls of the almost finished brazier are coated with kaolin clay, the layer thickness of which must be at least 5 cm. For an aesthetic appearance, the tandoor is lined with natural stone from the outside.

The firing of the kiln is carried out by making a weak fire inside the tandoor and gradually raising the temperature, as was done above for the classic versions of the kilns.

Of course, the construction of a tandoor is a troublesome and lengthy process. But the efforts expended will not be in vain, because as a result you will have a real Asian oven.

This is a great opportunity to surprise your loved ones and guests with dishes prepared in such an original way. Our building tips will help you with this.

To diversify the country menu, you can lay out a brick tandoor with your own hands, spending very little time on the device of this unusual stove. The design of the tandoor has historically developed among the steppe nomadic peoples, who were forced to conserve fuel. For heating such a hearth, very little firewood is required, after which you can bake bread or cook food in the heat that the heated walls give. In a dome-shaped oven, the desired temperature is maintained for quite a long time without fire, and if necessary, it can be maintained by adding wood chips or dry plant branches.

Currently, Asian hearths are one of the types of exotic stoves. Traditional methods of making them from clay are quite complex and labor-intensive. Therefore, more and more often you can find country mini-ovens made of bricks. There are both electric and gas models of industrial production.

But anyone who is a little familiar with the masonry technique can make a brick tandoor with their own hands. There are several varieties of homemade foci:

vertical square;
vertical cylindrical;
horizontal (Central Asian).

Cylindrical vertical models are especially popular. They are made both submerged in the ground, and ground, and even mobile. This design allows you to use the hearth for different purposes: bake cakes or samsa, fry barbecue, cook pilaf or other dish in a cauldron, and even just boil water in a kettle.

The vertical square tandoor is also quite versatile, but its design is less perfect, because the interior of the furnace will warm up worse in the corners. But you can bake bread in such a hearth, although you will have to place the cakes closer to the middle of each side. In all other cases, a simple design is quite justified, allowing you to bake meat in the same way or cook something in a kitchen utensil installed on top of the hole.

The horizontal tandoor is traditionally molded from clay, which makes it possible to make an arched vault without much effort. But you can also make a front-loading brick tandoor yourself. When cooking in a container, you will need to place it inside the firebox. This gives the horizontal hearth a distant resemblance to a Russian stove. Cakes or samsa in Central Asia in this case are still baked, attaching them to the walls of the firebox.

Preparatory stage

Before you make a brick tandoor, you need to perform a number of preliminary work. They depend on the design of the hearth, but in general they boil down to the preparation of the base and the selection of materials. An important point in the manufacture of a cylindrical mini-stove is the manufacture of a template. It is needed in order for the rounded arch to turn out to be even.

Brick for the tandoor can be taken as usual: red full-bodied or even facing. But the best choice would be refractory fireclay stone, which is designed to withstand high temperatures. The heating and cooling time for all brands of brick is approximately the same.

In addition to building stone, a number of additional materials will be required:

cement, sand and gravel - for the foundation of the ground variation;
masonry mortar for stoves and fireplaces (dry mix);
a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm (asbestos cement, sandwich, tin) - for some models of tandoors;
grate;
clay;
reinforcing mesh, wire;
cutting boards and plywood;
grinder and disk for ceramics;
measuring tools.

If you add decorative elements to the structure, then you can even decorate the site with a tandoor. In this case, it is best to sketch the building in color, and then make drawings according to the desired dimensions of the hearth.

The place for the mini-oven must be chosen so that the building is flooded with water as little as possible during the spring snowmelt. If necessary, you can build a raised platform for its installation. For a ground model, you will have to fill in the foundation, and for an in-depth model, you will have to dig a hole.

How to make a ground tandoor

For a furnace of this design, a foundation is required. Even a small tandoor will weigh quite a lot, so during the period of thawing and freezing of the soil, it can lead and the masonry will simply crumble. But since the building is still not very large, you can get by with a slab foundation, the dimensions of which should exceed the diameter of the furnace by at least 20 cm around the entire perimeter.

Under the foundation, you need to dig a pit up to 50 cm deep. A layer of sand or ASG should be laid at the bottom of the pit, leveled and tamped. The thickness of the pillow is 10-15 cm. After that, a solution is kneaded from 1 part of M400-M500 cement, 3 parts of fine sand and 4 parts of crushed stone, adding water until a plastic mass is obtained.

Concrete must be poured into the pit, filling it to the level of the soil. Then install the formwork from the boards along the contour of the pit and raise the level of concrete by another 5 cm. If you want to protect the homemade brick tandoor from melt water, the site can be made higher. After preparing the base, work will have to be interrupted for 7-10 days until the concrete gains strength.

Cylindrical tandoor masonry

Before you build a brick tandoor, you need to make a template. The construction of boards and plywood is traditionally used:

Pick up a pole with a length not less than the height of the future tandoor (about 1.2 m).
Attach slats to it in increments of 30 cm (along the height of the pole). The length of the bottom and the one following it is 30 cm. Then you need to make smaller boards, forming a bend: the length of 3 supports is 25 cm, and 4 bars are 20 cm.
Attach a strip of plywood to the free ends of the laths, bending it in accordance with the profile formed by the shortening parts. The length of the rails can be chosen arbitrarily, depending on the size of the hearth, and be half its diameter at the base and at the top. A convenient height of the oven is about 1 m.

The laying of a vertical configuration tandoor begins with the formation of its bottom. To do this, several fireclay bricks must be laid on the foundation without mortar. Draw a circle on them, with a diameter equal to the future building. Taking out 1 piece, cut off the excess parts of the stone with a grinder with a ceramic disk. After sawing, the bricks must be put in place. The result is a round base. In order not to confuse the parts during masonry, you should number them.

Remove the base parts from the foundation, prepare the solution. You will need a refractory mixture for laying stoves and fireplaces. In the dry composition, add water according to the instructions on the package, kneading a viscous clay dough. Apply the mortar to the foundation, lay out the numbered bricks, pressing and lightly rubbing them to the base.

The construction of walls can be done in different ways:

install the brick vertically, with a long narrow edge outward;
perform the usual masonry in 1 brick around the circumference;
place the stones with the poke side out (for this method, halves of bricks are usually taken).

If the masonry elements are installed vertically, you need to slightly trim the ends (butt sides) of each brick. So they will easily form a vault.

Set the template on the bottom of the future tandoor. At the same time, the pole should be located in the center of the brick circle, and the plywood strip should be 12.5 cm from its edge. A bed of mortar should be applied to the free space.

After that, the laying is carried out, pressing the inner edge of each brick to the template plywood. Turning the pole, lay out 1 row in a circle. At this level, you need to leave a small hole for blowing. Therefore, 1-2 bricks in the masonry are not installed.

The next level is raised according to the same principle, pressing the edge of the stone against the template. The masonry parts must be shifted relative to the lower ones in order to get the dressing of the seams. Block the blower hole, completely closing the ring of fireclay bricks. Tie and tighten the row with thin steel wire or reinforcing mesh.

Continue to raise the walls of the tandoor, orienting the narrowing of each circle along the pattern. When laying bricks vertically or with a poke, it is imperative to ensure that the inner faces of each of them are in contact with the neighboring ones. As a result, small gaps are formed between the outer sides. You can fill the space between the parts with the same masonry mixture during work.

After the construction of the brick tandoor is completed, the template must be removed through the upper hole. Align the internal surfaces by applying a clay mortar or a refractory mixture to them. Cover with clay and the outer surface, finishing it to taste: facing with stone or tiles, decorative mosaics or otherwise.

The side of the hole on top must be carefully smeared with clay dough, giving it a roundness. Very often, at this moment, supports for suspensions are formed. To do this, you just need to make 4 cross-shaped recesses in the upper edge of the tandoor. It will be possible to put sticks in them, on which skewers with meat, a grill for roasting vegetables, etc. will be hung.

Square tandoor

A very simple hearth model can be made by hand even without a template. To build a square brick tandoor oven, a rough order of 2.5x2.5 masonry stones can be used. If desired, you can choose other sizes, the principle of construction will not change. The coarse pattern has a hole for the furnace door. Since the vertical tandoor does not have this detail, you need to lay out bricks where the door opening is indicated.

The slab under the foundation must be poured in the appropriate form, and after the concrete has hardened, lay bricks on it, forming the base in the form of a square. Elements of the next level should overlap the joints of the lower bricks. In the middle you need to leave a small hole for blowing, bringing it to one of the sides of the square. Raise 1 more row, install the grate.

At the next level, overlap the blower channel by laying out a solid hearth with a hole above the grate. For the walls of the furnace, several rows should be laid around the perimeter of the square, carefully aligning the verticals of the sides and the horizontality of the upper edge. At a convenient height, you need to start narrowing the dome.

To get a kind of furnace roof, you need to slightly move each element of the masonry inward. In this case, you will have to cut the bricks so that they fit on the ever-shortening sides of the square. When the top hole reaches a size of 20x20 cm, you need to slightly raise the side. Clean the internal surfaces from the influx of the solution; if desired, the stove can be plastered from the outside.

How to make a tandoor in the ground?

On a dry and elevated area, you can make a furnace, wholly or partially immersed in the ground. Such a building can become the center of a recreation area, replacing the Scandinavian hearth. Before you make a tandoor with your own hands out of brick, for such a design it is necessary to find a sufficiently long asbestos-cement pipe for making a blowing channel.

Given that the height of the tandoor is about 1.2 m, you need to be prepared to dig a pit of the specified depth. With partial deepening, the pit may be smaller. Its width is chosen arbitrarily. At the bottom you need to lay a layer of ASG, tamp it down and pave the pit with bricks.

1 row of masonry is laid out on this impromptu foundation. The shape of the stove can be round or square, and the building stone can be laid both with a spoon and vertically. After 1 tier is formed, a pipe for blowing should be installed. To do this, a trench must be dug with a slope that will allow the other end of the pipe to be brought to the surface of the soil. To fill the gap between the wall of the pit and the masonry, you can use excavated soil or ordinary clay, sand, crushed stone.

At the next levels, the furnace walls simply need to be raised to the desired height above the ground. If the building will have to perform decorative functions, finish the edge according to your own taste. In order for the tandoor not to cool too quickly, you need to choose a lid that is suitable in diameter for the upper hole.

What is a horizontal tandoor?

The Central Asian oven is also very interesting, in which there is no upper hole. Its pharynx is located on the side, which makes such a design related to the Russian or Pompeian oven. The manufacture of a tandoor of this design is traditionally made from clay mixed with straw or sheep's wool. Near such a hearth it is convenient to bask in the winter cold, it is often installed under the roof, indoors. But the construction of a brick tandoor is also possible in this case.

To create it, you need a circle, or a template made of plywood and boards. It will help you quickly build a tandoor with your own hands, ensure ease of laying the vault and give support to the bricks until the mortar sets. A template is made in the form of 2 connected arches, the width of which is equal to their height. You can draw a circle of the desired size, draw a horizontal diameter and lower 2 straight lines from the points of intersection of it with the circle. Transfer the resulting figure to plywood and cut out 2 identical parts.

Connect them with bars along the top edge. The length of the rails is equal to the desired oven depth. Sheathe the upper edge with thin plywood, bending the sheet along the contour of the arch and attaching it to the bars.

Prepare the base of the oven. Traditionally, it is built in the form of a table about 1 m high. Cinder block, brick, natural stone can be used for the base. You can weld the construction of a steel corner and put a metal worktop on top.

A layer of bricks on a clay mortar is laid on the finished base, forming a furnace with a channel for blowing. On the next row, you need to block the channel, leaving a hole in the center.

After that, install the circle on bars 3-5 cm thick and align it horizontally and vertically. For masonry, it is best to use wedge-shaped bricks, specially designed for the manufacture of vaults and arches. In their absence, cut off a part of an ordinary masonry stone, giving it the desired shape.

Lay out the uncut stone with a spoon in 1 row to the left and right of the template, close to its plywood vault. When shifting the bricks for dressing the seams, evenly raise both sides to the beginning of the arch. After that, use only cut or wedge-shaped stones, gradually closing the arch in the middle. Leave a small hole for the chimney. Dry the masonry for 4-5 days.

Carefully knock out the bars from under the wheel. At the same time, it will drop a little, which will allow you to freely remove the template from the firebox. Install grate.

Brick the open back of the arch. On the facade, you can make a damper or decorative doors. Press in the chimney pipe and bring it outside if the stove is located indoors. For an outdoor stove, a chimney is optional.

Preparing the tandoor for operation

But the work on the made tandoor is not over: the hearth laid out with your own hands must first be burned. They do this only after the clay has dried, that is, a few days after the construction of the building itself is completed.

Make a fire out of paper and small chips. Heat the oven until the outer surface is heated to +350°C (warm to the touch). Extinguish the fire and let the stones cool completely. Next time bring the oven temperature up to about +700°C (hot). It can cool for several hours, you can leave it overnight.

The last heating should heat up the tandoor to the operating temperature (+1500°C or more). After that, it is completely ready for use.

To bake bread and samsa, you need to heat the oven well and let the firewood burn down to coals. Dough products are glued directly to the walls. The cauldron can be installed on a round hole from above, and skewers with meat are hung on sticks in a vertical position. You do not need to turn them, as they heat up evenly from all sides.

In contrast to the barbecue and barbecue pits that have become traditional for a country house, a tandoor made of bricks allows you to additionally bake cakes, boil water or cook pilaf in a cauldron without additional devices. It has the shape of a cylinder, ideally a barrel or a large jug.

The main advantage is high efficiency from fuel combustion, high-temperature processing of products and high service life. However, the unusual placement of kebabs (vertically, not horizontally) did not allow this hearth to gain sufficient rating, like a barbecue and barbecue.

To build a tandoor with your own hands on the site, you need to know what kind of dishes this hearth is intended for, the temperature regime and design features. There are tandoors buried in the ground and structures raised above the surface.

Depending on the qualifications of the home master and the presence of a power tool in his arsenal, a cylindrical “barrel” or a jug-shaped structure is constructed. Usually they choose a simpler version of the classic barrel with arched sides.

Assortment of dishes

The main task of the outdoor hearth is to cook meals during the reception of guests or family holidays in the countryside. However, the tandoor is quite suitable for regular baking of bread / cakes, cooking mass dishes, side dishes, boiling water. Therefore, it is considered a full-fledged summer kitchen.

Information on how to build a brick tandoor in the yard should begin with an assortment of dishes:

cakes - require the skill of fixing the formed dough on the inner surface of the hearth;
shish kebab - skewers are arranged vertically in a circle, so special devices are needed to fix them in a “pot” or “barrel”;
barbecue - by analogy with the previous dish, the grate somehow needs to be placed in the “well”, and then safely removed without getting burned;
first courses - cooked in a large cauldron, mounted on the neck of the tandoor;
barbecue, roast - are also prepared in a cauldron in a similar way.

If necessary, you can boil water for tea in a large pot on this hearth.

Temperature regime

Using different sizes and shapes of the inner surface of the hearth, it is possible to provide a temperature inside it of 250 - 400 degrees, which is unattainable for barbecues and barbecues by default due to significant heat losses.

Initially, the earthen tandoor looked like a pit, in which firewood turned into coals, and the wind could not blow out the flame. Then the walls began to be made of clay, which turns into ceramics during high-temperature firing.

There are vertical and horizontal tandoors, however, it is the first designs that are considered multifunctional. The horizontal hearth-barrel is more suitable for industrial baking of cakes.

External and internal dimensions

For the above reasons, the construction of a tandoor should take into account the following factors:

ease of maintenance - firewood and products are loaded inside, and the ash is taken out through the same neck;
dimensions - the standard for the tandoor is 1 - 1.5 m in height, 1 m in diameter in the middle part of the barrel and a hatch 0.4 - 0.6 m in diameter, reinforced with a metal ring.

To preserve heat and increase efficiency, additional masonry is usually erected around the tandoor (a well or a square of 4 walls), the space between them is filled with refractory material (expanded clay, slag).

The quality of the combustion process can be improved by a blower from below, and operation by a chimney on the side and an ash chamber under the grate (only for ground structures of the tandoor). From bad weather, the neck is closed with a sealed lid.

Even with the occasional use of the hearth, extreme temperatures affect the brick. Therefore, it is better to use refractory fireclay, and make the outer structure of ordinary or facing ceramic bricks.

Brick tandoor technology step by step

Any brick structure erected on the ground is subject to the forces of frost swelling and shrinkage, since it has a solid weight and is made of small-format structural elements. Therefore, the brick tandoor must be based on an individual monolithic slab foundation.

There are several masonry options, each will be discussed in detail below. After that, the internal walls of the structure are necessarily coated with clay. Outside, it is also better to plaster the tandoor with clay and fill up the space between the decorative outer masonry and the refractory material that is not subject to frost heaving. Therefore, clay is not suitable for this, slag or expanded clay of a fine fraction (sand) is used.

The tandoor is decorated at the discretion of the owner. If necessary, a chimney, a cutting table, a washbasin / sink are attached to the hearth, the structure is equipped with a canopy from the weather.

With an uneven increase in the volume of clay soil, which has absorbed moisture in autumn, frozen at negative temperatures, the masonry will inevitably crack. In addition, organic matter in the fertile layer of chernozem / gray soil will rot under it, the heavy structure will sag. Therefore, the foundation of the tandoor is made according to the technology:

soil extraction - the arable layer is removed entirely (usually 0.4 - 0.6 m deep), can be used in landscape design or in beds, ideally it is better to dig a pit 20 cm more around the perimeter of the outer masonry to a depth of 0.6 m;
separating layer - the bottom of the pit is lined with geotextile, which prevents the mutual mixing of soil with non-metallic material poured on top of it;
the underlying layer is a “foundation cushion” of a layer of crushed stone with a fraction of 5–20 mm, each 10–15 cm layer is compacted with a manual rammer or vibrating plate;
waterproofing - crushed stone is leveled with a thin layer of sand, on which a waterproofing membrane or pieces of rolled bituminous material are laid in one layer with an overlap of 10 cm along the edges of the sheets;
reinforcement - since the structure is mounted on a shallow foundation and has a large weight, two lattice reinforcing belts made of bars of a periodic section ("corrugated") with a diameter of 6 mm, a cell of 20 x 20 cm should be used;
concreting - a layer thickness of 8 - 15 cm, depending on the budget, the formwork should be 10 cm higher than the concrete mirror so that the structural material does not spill over the edge when compacted with a deep vibrator or a piece of reinforcement;
concrete care - the surface is covered with a polyethylene film or sawdust / matting, periodically moistened from a watering can for at least two days.

Attention: To provide a protective layer of reinforcement, the lower grating is laid on waterproofing, on polymer or concrete pads 2–4 cm high. It is forbidden to use trimmings of reinforcement and pieces of crushed stone.

If the external decorative masonry is designed in the form of a square, the classic panel formwork is used on 4 sides. For masonry of an annular shape and a foundation under it of a similar configuration, the boards will not work. Therefore, the formwork is constructed from thick fiberboard or sheet steel strips.

To increase the operational life of the masonry, it is better to raise the upper edge of the foundation above ground level by at least 5-10 cm.

Brickwork

The main mistake of the home master is the manufacture of the annular first row of the tandoor for the following reasons:

the foundation, in principle, is not intended for high-temperature exposure;
making refractory concrete at home is very difficult and not economically feasible;
therefore, the annular masonry of the first row should be filled with bricks entirely, and the seams should be clogged with masonry mortar;
“Under” brick ovens will last much longer than concrete, it is easier to remove accumulated ash from it.

Depending on the budget of the home master and the skills of the mason, masonry is carried out in several ways using various devices. Regardless of this, an opening is left in the second row for the ash pan door, through which the corresponding combustion products will be removed. The “blower” hole is located a little higher, but under the grate of the grate. The metal hoop is mounted on the neck of the last row of masonry.

First, the tandoor itself is laid out, then decorative walls of the required configuration are erected, expanded clay sand or slag is poured between the two structures.

Attention: Instead of a cement-sand masonry mortar, it is better to use special mixtures for furnaces or clay packaged in bags containing special additives to increase plasticity.

Cylinder

The easiest way to make a tandoor is in the form of a cylindrical well. However, with a diameter of 1 m, a whole brick with a spoon is unsuitable for this. It will be difficult to cover the inner surface with clay, which is later fired to the state of ceramics. When laying with a poke, the material will take twice as much, which is very expensive for the construction budget.

Therefore, a brick split in half or its vertical installation with a spoon, poke is used. The cylindrical hearth is easier to maintain, but the heat in it is retained worse.

Barrel

It is more difficult to make a brick tandoor in the shape of a classic barrel with convex sides, narrowing at the bottom and top. But the temperature inside such a hearth is higher, it lasts longer, the internal volume and the area of \u200b\u200bthe walls for attaching the cakes increase.

The arched shape of the vertical walls of the tandoor is considered more durable, which allows to increase the operational life of the structure. For laying furnaces of a similar configuration, the use of devices is recommended, since it is impossible to control the arc with a plumb line and a rule.

For a home craftsman, it is recommended to pay attention to the domed fireclay brick tandoor, which is easy to make on your own. Since refractory bricks are easily cut with an abrasive angle grinder, such a design is quite affordable for self-production.

From halves

In principle, the ordering scheme for the tandoor is not needed, even if it is supplemented with a chimney. When using halves of a standard brick, they are stacked with a poke, taking into account the following nuances:

on the inner diameter of the masonry, the width of the joints is 1 cm maximum;
seams of outer diameter are filled with mortar additionally;
depending on the configuration of the inner surface of the brick tandoor, do it yourself with the help of the following devices.

Attention: In this version of the masonry, it is easier to choose the sizes of the holes for the ash door, the hole for the blower and the chimney.

You can watch more related videos:

vertical spoon

When using any masonry from a brick standing on the edge, it is recommended to use 4 full rows in the tandoor. This corresponds to 1.04 m in height, when choosing the “well” shape, the bricks are absolutely parallel to each other, the two lower rows of the “barrel” expand outward, the upper ones narrow inward.

For these technologies, ordering drawings are needed in order to correctly place the grate, the chimney and blower holes, the ash pan door in the internal space, as in the bottom photo.

A vertical spoon is called masonry in? brick on edge. This is a budget version of the tandoor, practically unsuitable for the cylindrical shape of the hearth. In the “barrel”, such masonry is reinforced due to the self-wedging mutual arrangement of individual elements in space and relative to each other.

Here is a video on how you can also make a portable design:

Vertical poke

For this technology, the step-by-step instruction looks like:

trimming the ends of the bottom row - a wedge of 1 - 2 cm is cut off from one corner;
installing a brick on an edge close to each other - the last brick should jam the ring, so it should be cut, giving the appropriate shape;
masonry of the second row - the upper and lower ends are cut with a wedge.

When installing the third and fourth, last, rows, the operations are similar to the previous ones, but in a mirror image. In principle, it is not necessary to cut the brick, laying the mortar with a wedge for each row. In this case, use a special device - a template is a must.

Devices for ring masonry

Before making a tandoor on your own for a novice bricklayer, it is recommended to study devices that drastically reduce the labor intensity of work and increase the quality of masonry to a professional level. The main ones are:

The last fixture freely rotates around the circumference, allows you to control the geometry of the masonry at all its levels.

A simpler version of the tandoor is the construction of a dome inside a well. The lower part of the dome is laid out in an annular masonry of halves to a height of 0.5 - 0.6 m. Then, with each row, the ring rows are narrowed until a neck of 0.5 m is obtained. 12 - 25 cm recede from the finished structure, lay out a cylindrical well without constrictions. The gap is filled with refractory material, a chimney pipe and an ash door are mounted.

Reinforcement and coating

When placing a tandoor in the ground, only its inner surface is coated with clay mortar.

At the ground structure, the outer surface should also be coated, as in the lower video.

Reinforcement is made with a soft mesh, which can be bent according to the configuration of the hearth:

a spray is applied to the brickwork without leveling the mortar;
after 5 - 7 minutes, the mesh is pressed into this layer;
then the next layer is applied with surface leveling.

The photo can be enlarged by clicking on it.

Backfilling the space between the main hearth and the decorative masonry is possible after the solution has completely dried.

Earthen (pit) tandoor

When constructing a homemade brick tandoor below ground level, the following nuances should be taken into account:

the diameter of the pit must be at least 80 cm larger than the design size of the furnace;
for convenient maintenance, it is better to raise the neck above the ground by 15 - 20 cm;
refractory bricks for the tandoor will dramatically increase the service life, since the design of the underground hearth is practically beyond repair;
the grate is not used here, the ash is removed through the top, the blower is mandatory;
external masonry of a square, annular or rectangular shape is not needed, these walls are replaced by the soil itself.

After coating and reinforcing the outer walls, all layers of clay mortar and concrete should dry out within a half month. Then the clay is fired for 3-8 hours. Ideally, when tapping the inside of the hearth, a ringing sound should be heard.

Only then can the pit be backfilled. Moreover, not with excavated soil, but with non-metallic material, in which the forces of frost swelling cannot arise.

Sand, slag and crushed stone are suitable for these purposes. However, the first material has capillary suction at negative pressure, so crushed stone is used in 90% of cases. Non-metallic material is compacted with a manual rammer.

Attention: Waterproofing of the tandoor from the outside is not needed, since with intense heating it will collapse and provide an unpleasant bituminous smell.

Hearth decoration

The design of the outer surface will make it possible to make the tandoor with your own hands attractive when receiving guests or satisfy the aesthetic needs of family members. Facing bricks do not need to be decorated, however, ordinary ceramic stone is often used to reduce the construction budget.

Its surface can be revetted in several ways:

coat with a refractory mortar and drown a decorative natural stone of any format in it;
putty and cover with acrylic paint, not afraid of moisture and ultraviolet;
veneer with tiles or porcelain stoneware.

Decorating a pit tandoor does not make sense, since the design is recessed into the ground by default.

To improve the comfort of use, additional functions are used:

canopy - protection from precipitation;
countertop - cutting products;
washing - ensuring hygiene;
woodpile - storage of fuel in the immediate vicinity of the hearth;
ring with slots for placing skewers.

Thus, the construction of a tandoor is much more complicated than a brazier and a barbecue oven. However, the temperature regime of the hearth ensures a high speed of cooking and a wide range of dishes, which is not inferior to a full-fledged summer kitchen.

Brazier, barbecue, grill - you will not surprise anyone with these cooking devices, because they are in almost every country house. Tandoor is an exotic oven for our country, in which it is a pleasure to cook delicious dishes. Making a tandoor with your own hands, drawings and photos, step-by-step instructions - will help the summer resident to fold the stove and save the family budget.

How to make a tandoor with your own hands, video

Asian peoples have been preparing food in the tandoor for many centuries. It is designed for baking delicious bread, baked meat, fish, vegetables and more. The advantage of the oven is that all dishes are tasty, the food is evenly fried, remains juicy and retains all the useful properties. The tandoor has a simple design, so any owner of a country house can fold it with his own hands.

After pouring the foundation, proceed to the laying of refractory bricks

In simple terms, a tandoor is a brick oven in the form of a hollow vessel with a wide base and a narrowed neck. Through the hole at the top of the tandoor, firewood and food for cooking are put into the oven. At the base there is a small window that serves as a blower. A damper is also installed there, with which you can easily adjust the level of thrust.

Tandoor is made of clay - a natural material that does not emit any harmful substances when heated. The disadvantage of clay is that it quickly heats up and cools down. To keep the heat in the oven, it must be additionally insulated. Along the perimeter, the furnace is lined with refractory bricks so that the shape of a vessel rounded up is obtained. So that there is no air gap between the brickwork and the walls of the brazier, this space is covered with clay or sand.

We offer you to watch a video about the principle of operation of the tandoor:

Due to the thick walls and special shape, the tandoor quickly gains temperature and the heat lasts for several hours. Asian housewives have adapted to simultaneously bake bread, bake meat and cook the first course.

In the manufacture of tandoor, ancient craftsmen used special clay, which has high thermal insulation properties. To prevent the tandoor from cracking due to high temperature, natural wool was mixed into the clay. Modern tandoors are made a little differently, since all the ancient secrets have remained undiscovered and many details of the correct modeling of the furnace are unknown.

Wooden template makes brick laying easier

There are various technologies for making tandoor. For example, you can buy a ceramic tandoor. It can be stationary or portable. It is very convenient to cook delicious dishes in it, as the special composition of ceramics also retains heat well and the dishes remain fried and juicy. However, the disadvantage of ceramic tandoor is its high price.

The main material of the classic oven is white clay containing kaolin. The material has high refractory properties and poor ductility. These are the ideal characteristics of the material for the manufacture of high-quality tandoor. White clay is used to make porcelain, ceramics and refractory bricks. Powdered dry kaolin can be purchased from wholesale and retail suppliers of building materials. The average price per ton is about $100. The main problem faced by craftsmen who make the oven on their own is the cracking of the oven during prolonged drying. Therefore, only professionals take up the work.

We offer you to learn how to make a tandoor with your own hands according to a drawing from oven bricks. Step by step instructions include the following steps:

Tandoor device

Purchase of materials. The builder will need to buy refractory bricks, special oven mixture, concrete, white clay, sand, rebar.
Foundation pouring. The pit is dug round, with a diameter of about 120 cm. The depth of the pit is about 20 cm. The first 10 cm are covered with sand. A mesh is made of reinforcement, which is installed on supports, as shown in the photo. A concrete solution 10 cm thick is poured.
Bricklaying. The diameter of the furnace is traditionally equal to its height. If the width of the base is 100 cm, then the height should be the same, and the neck should be 3 times smaller. To lay out a brick in the shape of an oven, you need to make a wooden template, as shown in the photo. When laying, a special refractory mixture is used, but it is important to leave a hole for installing a blower. According to the template, 4 rows of bricks are laid. For greater strength, the first and second row can be pulled together with steel wire.
Finishing work. Brickwork should be coated with a 5 cm layer of clay. The top edge must be made oval. Craftsmen usually line the tandoor with stone, ceramic tiles, or simply paint the outside with refractory paint.
Burning. After completion of all work, the tandoor is left to dry. At this time, the structure is covered with a film and protected from the sun and rain. After drying, the product is gradually heated, lighting a fire inside. The product is then allowed to cool.

Video about the first firing of the tandoor:

To make the tandoor beautifully folded, it is recommended to build a template in advance. It is very convenient to use it. The base is installed in the center of the future furnace and is displaced during masonry. The wooden template is made as follows:

base height - 100 cm;
the length of the lower crossbar is 30 cm, the middle one is 25 cm, the last one is 20 cm;
plywood is attached to the crossbars, as shown in the photo.

The resulting pattern can be used when laying a brick oven. The rows will be equal, and the work will be done easily and quickly.

Video about making a tandoor with your own hands from brick:

Do-it-yourself tandoor, drawings and photos, step-by-step instructions for making a structure - this is what will allow even a novice builder to easily cope with the construction of a structure. Thanks to this, he will be able to save a lot of money and enjoy healthy food cooked in the bosom of nature.