Grammar basis sentences in Russian are represented by two parts of the sentence - the subject and the predicate. The latter can take several forms, but the most common is verbal. Most often it is simple and agrees with the subject in person, number, and in the past tense - in gender. But there is also such a category of predicate as compound. It can be a compound verb (CGS) and a compound nominal (SIS). Today we will talk about the first case.
Construction of a compound verb predicate
Its composition is simple: it is an auxiliary or modal verb, agreed with the subject, and a main verb in the infinitive. Sometimes, instead of a simple connective, there may be a compound one, and we will also talk about this.
The link in the GHS can be:
- phase;
- modal.
The phase value of the connective determines the moment of action, and the modal value determines the relationship to the action. They do not carry an independent lexical load. For a better understanding, you can give a table with examples of sentences with a compound verbal predicate:
| Meaning | Verb | Example |
| Phase | become | At the age of 18 I will start working. |
| begin | He started reading. | |
| get started | She began to write a letter. | |
| continue | They continued to build the house. | |
| stop | Will you ever stop screaming? | |
| stop | I stopped singing. | |
| Modal | be able to | The mouse can dig holes. |
| be able | The patient can get up. | |
| want | I want to eat. | |
| want | The king wants to have a meal! | |
| try | We will try to deliver the house on time. | |
| mean | He intended to see it through. | |
| dare | How dare you contradict me? | |
| refuse | The detainee refuses to testify. | |
| think | We are thinking of adding a veranda to the house. | |
| prefer | I prefer not to mess with officials. | |
| get used to | Oblomov is used to lying on the sofa. | |
| be in love | Mom loves to sort through the knick-knacks in her chest of drawers. | |
| hate | I hate being on duty at night! | |
| beware | He was careful not to look there again. |
This is not a complete list possible options GHS. It can consist of more than two words. Thus, this category of predicates also includes constructions where the verb combination plays the role of a connective be with short adjectives and adverbs characterizing modality.
Examples of such sentences:
Differences from a compound nominal predicate
It can definitely be distinguished from a compound nominal (CIS). It is quite simple to define it - after the copula it contains not an infinitive, but an adjective. But there are pitfalls in other complex predicates. There are superficially similar cases when in fact there is no GHS in the proposal. They can be divided into the following categories:
- phraseological units;
- goal setting;
- different subjectivity;
- analytical future.
Here are a few similar cases.
Predicate-phrase
- And he doesn’t eat, and his nerves are exhausted.
- I can't wait for it to be a normal winter.
- He I was going to the store, but it turned out to be closed.
This special case simple predicate (PGS).
Phrase with goal setting
This includes cases where the question “why?” can be asked between the conjugated verb and the infinitive. or insert the conjunction “to”:
The infinitive in such sentences is an addition, since the predicate has a completely full lexical load.
Verbs referring to different subjects
In such cases, the action indicated by the infinitive will not be performed by the same person to whom the conjugated verb refers. If desired, you can even remove it, and the meaning of the sentence will not be lost:
- The teacher asked the student to complete the task on the board.– The teacher asked the student to doOn the deskexercise.
- The director demanded to call me to his place.“The director asked me to come in.”
Analytical future tense
The case is strange, but nevertheless it really does not apply to the GHS. The verb to be has lost all modal and phase meaning, remaining only a grammatical indicator of the future tense.
- I will love you.
- Our descendants will remember us.
Brief information
The complex future tense was not always present in the Russian language, as in other related languages. Most often in the Old Russian language, the conditional mood was used to express an uncertain future, and then expressions with modal verbs began to gain momentum want, be, have, and each of them for a long time did not lose its modality. In the end he won the race verb be, and this happened closer to the 18th century.
Currently, such an industry as construction does not stand still, but is constantly developing, introducing new technologies for the extraction and production of building materials, developing interesting methods for the construction and reconstruction of various objects necessary for human life.
Different decoding of ASG
Often, when studying special documentation and encountering construction, you can come across such an abbreviation as ASG. People working in this field immediately understand what we are talking about we're talking about. ASG is understood, firstly, as sand and gravel mixtures, and, secondly, as industrial civil construction. Let's take a closer look at each definition.
Sand and gravel mixtures
Sand and gravel mixtures are non-metallic building material, which is characterized by a loose state, containing coarse gravel and sand. PGS has good physical and chemical properties and due to its reasonable cost, it is widely used in the construction industry. Depending on the percentage of gravel, there are:
- OPGS.
In the first option, according to GOST, the content of large gravel fractions should not exceed ten percent. The classic mixture is used in road construction. It is necessary for laying the top layer of the canvas, embankment and serves as a kind of drainage during construction. But for leveling the territory, this class of ASG is not suitable, due to the quantitative ratio of the fractions included in the composition (sand and gravel). For these works, it is better to choose OPGS.
Natural (classic) gravel mixture contains additional natural materials , such as quartz, clay and other impurities. Plus, depending on the mining location, the gravel composition may vary. These can be granite or limestone rocks, which will undoubtedly affect quality characteristics building materials.
The second abbreviation means an enriched sand and gravel mixture, in which the percentage of components is equal to 70/30. Thus, 30% is the sand content (that is, the volume of the mixture is ¼ sand and ¾ gravel). This type building material obtained industrially, adding gravel to the ASG. Therefore, by choosing an enriched mixture for concrete production and concrete structures, you can be sure that the final product will be dense and frost-resistant.
The mixture is extracted using special equipment from the bottom of rivers, sand quarries and beaches. Respectively, characteristic properties building materials depend on the place of extraction. The main and most important indicator of PGS is the fastening ability. Thanks to this characteristic, this the material is widely used in construction, namely:
- landscape design of the territory;
- road construction;
- concrete production;
- production of various reinforced concrete structures;
- leveling the area;
- filling holes and ditches.
When adding ASG to water or cement, the so-called mortars, which are subsequently used to make concrete. But, it is necessary to remember the purpose for which cement is made and, depending on it, to observe certain proportions of ASG and cement mortar.
Thus, with an increase in the amount of liquid, the final product turns out to be less dense, but if the solution that serves as a connecting link is small, then the concrete will be dense and heavy for further work. The use of this building material in the construction of road surfaces is also known. The mixture is used to level the area where construction is taking place or repair work has been carried out.
Thus, when choosing sand and gravel mixtures, you must clearly understand what they are needed for. If for road construction, then natural ASG is suitable, if for landscape design or manufacturing concrete structures, then OPGS is better.
PGS - industrial civil engineering
The second decoding of the abbreviation PGS means industrial civil construction. Builders are one of the in-demand professions currently. They are the ones who arrange the environment, making it suitable for human life and erect masterpieces of architecture. Engineers trained in the PGS specialty are engaged in:
- construction of industrial facilities;
- project documentation;
- construction and installation of various facilities;
- design engineering systems and drainage;
- inspection of various structures;
- geodetic and environmental surveys;
- management throughout all stages of construction.
Thus, PGS includes all stages of construction, from project documentation before finishing the finished structure. Engineers play a huge role in shaping the appearance of a village or city, starting from creating models settlement and ending with the construction and restoration of various structures. Project activities implies:
- carrying out engineering surveys;
- selection, analysis and systematization of received materials;
- creating a layout of the finished object.
Management is the organization of the work process, the adoption important decisions and responsibility for their implementation. The inspection of structures means carrying out an inspection of the facility, analyzing the data obtained and reconstructing the finished facility.
In conclusion, it is worth repeating that the abbreviation PGS implies two definitions: mixtures of sand and gravel for construction, as well as industrial civil engineering. Mixtures are divided into classic or natural and enriched. The first option is used mainly in road construction, but the second is preferable for landscape design. Industrial and civil construction involves the development, analysis and support at all stages of construction of an object necessary for human life.
Replace the underlined words with a gerund (or former gerund) with not.Answered confident -
Did
straightaway -
Walked So slow -
Walked Without stops -
lay very quiet -
Said, indignant -
Said constantly, without interruption -
The rain lashed the windows very much-
Words for reference: (not) hurrying, (not) hurrying, (not) frantic, (not) hesitating, (not) thinking, (not) yearning, (not) moving, (not) moving, (not) falling silent, ( do not stop.
A. Invisible, you were already dear to me.
B. Across the blue seas, forgotten, he faded away alone.
B. The fallen poplar is silvery and light.
G. The poor thing cries tirelessly.
4. Indicate in which sentences punctuation errors were made when isolating definitions.
A. The abundant, warm summer rain filled the earth with moisture.
B. Saturated clouds were creeping over the old city.
V. One day I was walking along the high road, full of thought.
D. The stragglers, the ice floes hit the side of the steamer.
D. Who did you leave old me for?
5. Find in which sentences the application needs to be isolated.
A. He is known as the commander of the construction detachment.
B. It was the sailor Zhukhrai.
V. The pilot, a simple blond guy, nodded his head and smiled.
G. January has arrived, the month of severe frosts.
D. We decided to go with him to the south - a place of warmth and contentment.
E. My friend Savely Nikolaevich always understood me perfectly...
The GHS system is:
Universal Russian-German dictionary. Akademik.ru. 2011.
Russian language 8th grade 6th week Types of predicate and ways of expressing it.
See what the GHS system is in other dictionaries:
GHS system - Topics oil and gas industry EN centimeter gram second system ... Technical Translator's Directory.
CGS METRIC SYSTEM - CGS METRIC SYSTEM, a system of units based on the units centimeter, gram and second. In this system, dyne is a unit of force, erg is a unit of energy. Currently, this system has been replaced by a more advanced SI SYSTEM ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary.
symmetrical system GHS - Gauso vienetų sistema statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: engl. Gaussian system of units vok. Gaußsches Maßsystem, n rus. symmetrical system SGS, f; Gaussian system, f pranc. système d'unités de Gauss, m; system d'unités
SGS - (centimeter g second)#160; a system of units of measurement that was widely used before the adoption of international systems of units(SI). Another title#160; absolute physical system of units. Within the GHS there are three independent#8230; ... Wikipedia.
GHS system of units- CGS (centimeter g second) system units measurement, which was widely used before the adoption of the International System of Units (SI). Within the framework of the GHS, there are three independent dimensions (length, mass and time), all others are reduced to them by #8230; ... Wikipedia.
SYSTEM - (Greek, a whole consisting of many parts). A collection of principles, correctly or incorrectly connected together so that they form something whole: a known teaching, a known school. The placement of parts of a whole, the course of which or in an alternate, coherent order.#8230; ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language.
Gaussian system - Gauso vienetų sistema statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: engl. Gaussian system of units vok. Gaußsches Maßsystem, n rus. symmetrical system SGS, f; Gaussian system, f pranc. système d'unités de Gauss, m; system d'unités symétrique, m … Fizikos terminų žodynas.
GHS SYSTEM OF UNITS - system of physical units. values from 3 main. units: length centimeter, mass g, time second; accepted 1 m Int. Congress of Electricians (Paris, 1881) as systems of units, covering mechanics and electrodynamics. For electrodynamics#8230; ... Physical encyclopedia.
GHS system of units- (SGS), system of units physical quantities with 3 basic units: length centimeter; mass g; time second. It is used mainly in physics and astronomy. In electrodynamics, two CGS systems of units were used: electrical#8230; … Encyclopedic Dictionary.
GHS system units- a system of units of physical quantities in which three main units are adopted: length Centimeter, mass Gr and time Second. A system with basic units of length, mass and time was proposed by the Committee on Electronics, formed in 1861... Great Russian Encyclopedia.
CGS SYSTEM OF UNITS (SGS) is a system of units of physical quantities with basic units: cm g (mass) s. It is used mainly in works on physics and astronomy. In electrodynamics, two systems of SGS units were used: electrical (SGSM) and electrostatic (SGSE). B#8230; ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary.
Abstracts
What are SGS and SIS in Russian? urgently needed. School knowledge. com is a service in which users help each other for free. PGS SGS SIS Russian language. Why in some cases is the sentence acceptable: I want to draw. (I wish to draw - SGS). Sentence (linguistics) - Wikipedia. tion (in language) is a unit of language that represents grammatically. Compound nominal predicate in the Russian language. Offers with participial phrases in Russian language. Composite verbal predicate: examples. A compound verb predicate (CVS) consists of two parts: a) an auxiliary part. Abbreviation - Wikipedia. what is in the literature for SI and GHS units of measurement; In modern Russian language Not. Types of predicates in Russian language. Types of predicates in Russian language what is the subject? what is he? who is able. Russian language | E. Litnevskaya Russian language: brief. A special type of GHS is presented in proposals, B Russian language presented that (in any. a unit of viscosity is What is a unit of viscosity. See what is a “unit included in the GHS system of units. in Russian language. The Russian system of measures is what is Russian. Romanova G. Name of length measures in Russian language. (GHS) Meter See what it is.
The predicate system in the Russian language is quite diverse and includes three types: simple verb, compound verb and compound nominal. In this article we will talk about the compound verb predicate.
Features of a compound verb predicate
From the name it is clear that compound predicate consists of several components. Which ones?
It consists of a part that expresses the main meaning of the predicate, and secondly, a part that takes on the expression grammatical meaning. If in a simple verbal predicate both functions were performed by one word, then in a compound predicate they are divided between two elements.
Everything is clear with the semantic part - this is the infinitive of the verb that names the main action, which is reported in the sentence. In the example "I wanted to talk" this word "talk", after all, what we are talking about is that the speaker seeks to perform precisely this action.
The grammatical part of a compound verbal predicate can be expressed in different ways.
Ways of expressing the predicate
There are three options here:
- verb with phase meaning;
- modal verb;
- a short adjective with a modal meaning (oddly enough).
Let's consider the first one. The word “phase” means “stage, stage of some process.” Sometimes we say: “What phase are you in with your essay?” and so on. That is, the phase verb names a phase: beginning (begin, become, etc.), middle (continue, etc.) or end (finish, complete, etc.)
Modality expresses the speaker’s attitude to the subject of speech (I want, for example) or the attitude of the subject of speech to reality (whether what they are talking about really happens). Modal verbs: want, be able, wish, try, intend, etc.
Finally, in Russian several words are used with the same meaning. short adjectives: glad, must, obliged, ready, intends, capable. They can also act as a grammatical part, but, of course, not independently: after all, an adjective cannot express the verb meaning. So in this case the predicate consists not of two, but of three components: an infinitive, a short adjective and the verb “to be” in in the required form(he takes on all the grammatical work).
The verb “to be” is not used in the present tense in Russian: I was glad to help him - I am glad to help him (and not “is glad”).
A verb expressing grammatical meaning can appear in any form of any tense and mood.
It must be said that this topic is not easy and requires attention and clear reasoning, so students studying Russian in the 8th grade often experience difficulties with this material.
Possible mistakes
Errors most often occur when schoolchildren mistake two verbs in a sentence (personal form and infinitive) for one compound predicate. For example, in the sentence "I went to buy bread" simple verb predicate "went", the infinitive acts as an adverbial adverbial goal (why did I go? - buy).
Verbs of motion are never a grammatical part of a compound verbal predicate.
Here are some examples of a compound verbal predicate.
- Keep telling me please.
- I would like to answer you.
- I'd be happy to do my best.
What have we learned?
A compound verbal predicate consists of a semantic part (infinitive) and an auxiliary part that expresses the grammatical meaning. The auxiliary part can be verbs with phase or modal meaning in any form other than the infinitive, or short adjectives with a modal meaning (then the linking verb “to be” is also required in the required form).
