An excellent option for a steam room on a small summer cottage or near a private house there will be a 2nd floor bathhouse made of timber. Eco-friendly construction material suitable for any region of the country. A fairly compact building can be erected in a short time and has an impressive appearance.
Building material for the first floor
1. Preference is given to coniferous species. The choice is based on the natural properties of such wood
- dense plexus of fibers;
- sufficient degree of natural humidity;
- the presence of resin that preserves the wood from drying out and rotting;
- pleasant aroma of such a composite.
2. The logs are dried under natural conditions, which prevents the material from cracking.
3. The formed beams are polished and impregnated with antiseptics. Such solutions penetrate into the material, killing possible bacteria and preventing new harmful formations. The composition used for processing is non-toxic, which guarantees the absence of harmful fumes during turnkey construction in the Moscow region and during further operation.
4. An additional coating with a protective layer of varnish makes the building material resistant to a humid environment, which prevents rotting or mold on the walls of the bathhouse.
Wooden beam It is lightweight, which significantly speeds up the work process on the construction site. The team will not need expensive equipment or special equipment, which significantly reduces the estimated costs. The timber has profiled edges that are perfectly “adjusted” during the process of laying out the walls. The advantage of this type of construction is the absence of gaps in supporting structures and partitions.
Construction of the second floor
To reduce the pressure on the foundation and reduce the cost of construction, the company’s engineers have developed projects with frame superstructures, which allow you to buy an inexpensive two-story structure in a custom design. The second floor, built using the frame method, does not exert strong pressure on the ceiling and the foundation itself. This eliminates soil subsidence and deformation of load-bearing walls.
The advantage will be a lightweight base that does not require much time and material costs:
- a shallow strip foundation is often used;
- screw piles allow construction on any soil;
- a pile foundation made of bricks or foam blocks is quickly installed.
For the frame, treated larch, linden, and aspen boards are used. The material has a very dense fiber structure and minimally absorbs moisture. The last condition is important factor for the construction of a bath. The walls of a two-story turnkey bathhouse must be waterproofed. The price from the manufacturer for such work will differ favorably, since the organization purchases building materials using discount cards.
The bathhouse has become a traditional place of relaxation in our country for a very long time. Today is a great opportunity to combine wellness treatments and socializing with friends. This the best remedy from winter depression and boredom. Today, a bathhouse is an integral part of most projects of country houses and dachas. Building a good bathhouse that meets all your requirements is not an easy task. However, once you have built a quality bathhouse and understood the intricacies of construction and design, you will be able to enjoy the results for decades.
Peculiarities
Depending on the customer’s needs, modern construction companies offer a variety of projects - from compact one-story houses 3x3 to two-story spacious baths with a swimming pool, a bathroom, a terrace and a gazebo, in addition to the main premises - a washing room and a steam room. The bathhouse can be a separate building in the local area, or it can be connected to the house common roof or be connected to it by a covered gallery.
A modern bathhouse is built from the usual wooden beams or logs, but also from expanded clay blocks, SIP panels, bricks and other materials. Choice possible options so large that you can choose a project that 100 percent satisfies all your requirements and budget. It is necessary that the bathhouse also meets safety rules (primarily fire safety), GOST, building regulations and rules (SNiP).
Materials
It was mentioned above that the materials for building a bathhouse can be very diverse. Each type of material has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.
A wooden bathhouse has many advantages. This is environmentally friendly, and the pleasant smell of wood in the room, and good thermal insulation. The tree releases health-promoting substances when exposed to high temperatures, thus creating an aromatherapy effect. A wooden bathhouse will last at least 10 years. Wood specially treated with antiseptics can last 2-3 times longer.
Logs (rounded or chopped) are a traditional material for building a bathhouse. When choosing the type of tree, it is better to choose coniferous species, for example, pine, spruce, larch. They are suitable for all rooms except the steam room, due to the strong smell of resin. For a steam room, wood species such as aspen, linden, birch or oak are more suitable. Saunas made from rounded or chopped pine logs are durable and not susceptible to rotting. Often logs from birch, oak and aspen or linden are used to build a bathhouse. Linden and aspen hold heat well and do not burn the skin when heated. The construction of one floor of a bathhouse requires about 10 rows of logs. In most cases, preference is given to rounded logs with ready-made corner connections and grooves for insulation.
Wooden beams are considered a highly environmentally friendly material, durable, have low thermal conductivity and are therefore perfect for a bathhouse. A bathhouse made of timber looks aesthetically pleasing, the walls are smooth and pleasant to the touch. In construction, ordinary profiled or double timber is used.
Double timber consists of several layers: internal and external, between which insulation (ecowool) and various substances (antiseptics, boric acid, etc.) are laid, ensuring the fire safety of the building. A wall made of double timber has high thermal efficiency, despite the fact that its thickness is only 220 mm. The small thickness of the timber also ensures quick heating of the bath. Another important advantage– a bathhouse made of timber is built in short time(about 3 months) and at any time of the year.
Brick is used quite often to build bathhouses because it is environmentally friendly and more durable than wood, looks aesthetically pleasing and does not require additional cladding, and has good thermal insulation. The main advantage is fire resistance and safety from the point of view of external influences. The main disadvantage is the high price, long construction times and costs for additional insulation and ventilation systems. Brick bath It takes quite a long time to warm up - warming up time can reach several hours. However, such a bathhouse will last a long time; after a few years it will only need replacement interior decoration.
Expanded clay blocks are made from a mixture of expanded clay, cement, water and sand. They are considered environmentally friendly, durable (subject to certain operating rules) and quite budget material. Due to their low thermal conductivity, expanded clay blocks are frost-resistant. The blocks for construction are quite large - the average block has dimensions of 390x90x188. Thanks to this, in contrast to a brick bathhouse, such a building can be erected in a very short time.
Various types of blocks are used in construction: wall, partition, chimney, face, row, corner or dressing. Therefore, if a set of blocks is ordered, it is important that they have certain markings. There are also blocks to choose from: solid or hollow.
The main disadvantage of expanded clay blocks is their high hygroscopicity, due to which moisture can accumulate in the block. This leads to the destruction of walls. Therefore, when building a bathhouse made of expanded clay, it is necessary to carefully consider the ventilation system to prevent the accumulation of steam in the walls. Calibrated (multi-slotted) blocks with a tongue-and-groove connection are excellent for building a bathhouse. Due to the presence of many longitudinal slots, heat transfer increases, thereby increasing the strength of the walls.
Construction of a bathhouse made of aerated concrete or foam concrete is cheaper than other materials. The main advantage of aerated concrete blocks is speed and ease of construction. They are also energy efficient and have good thermal insulation. The service life of such a bathhouse is longer than that of wood. The blocks are light in weight, do not load the foundation, and are suitable for building a bathhouse anywhere. When choosing lightweight concrete panels as a building material, you must definitely think about insulation and siding (outer cladding). The interior walls of the steam room are decorated with wood treated with an antiseptic. This has both utilitarian and aesthetic significance. Wood is pleasant to the skin, does not burn, retains heat and looks beautiful. After several years of use, only the interior decoration is replaced, concrete blocks remain in the same condition and do not require replacement. Internal walls The washroom is most often laid out with non-slip ceramic tiles.
For the construction of a bathhouse, a fairly fashionable material today is suitable - SIP panels. They are made from compressed wood chips and polystyrene foam insulation. Sauna walls made from SIP panels are lightweight and do not require a deep foundation. You can build a bathhouse from panels in just three days. Another advantage is good thermal insulation, thanks to which the bathhouse warms up quickly and well. If you use special SIP panels (made from OSB-3 boards), you can protect the walls from rot and mold. It is better not to build a bathhouse from SIP panels yourself, but to seek the help of craftsmen. It is very difficult to build such walls yourself in a high-quality manner. Disadvantages include the high cost of the material, fragility and deformation at temperatures above 120 degrees.
Subtleties of design
Before building a bathhouse, you need to decide on the project. Can be used finished projects, contact specialists or draw up a project yourself. This is an important stage, despite the fact that the construction of a bathhouse does not require permission and approval of the project. Preliminary design will allow you to avoid mistakes during construction and with calculations of materials and the budget for construction.
First you need to decide on the number and size of the premises.
The choice of building size will depend on several factors. Firstly, it depends on the size of the local area. Secondly, it depends on the size of the family and the companies with whom you will be vacationing there. Thirdly, from financial capabilities, since high-quality materials will be quite expensive. The bathhouse can be a separate house or located under the same roof as the house. A separate bathhouse must be located at least 10 meters from the house. This is necessary both for safety reasons and to prevent smoke from the stove from entering living rooms. Bathhouses with a pitched roof or a canopy for a garage look modern. Modern design companies offer many different models and styles of baths; you just need to decide on the area for construction.
Bathhouse projects larger than 10 m2 usually include a dressing room (vestibule). It performs an important function in construction. This is a place to store a supply of firewood, outerwear and shoes, and most importantly, the transition zone between a street with a low temperature and a heated bath. The dressing room can be equipped into a rest room or combined with it. For comfort, this part of the bath should occupy an area twice as large as the steam room. The front door opens outwards, and it is better to place it on the south side, then the snowdrifts in front of the door will be lower. Double-glazed windows are located 1 meter from the floor.
Ideally, the stove is located in the relaxation room and heats both it and the steam room. In this case, the firebox is located in the relaxation room, the heater is located in the steam room. The shelves in the steam room must be positioned so that there is room for the stove and for passages to the shelves. The location of the shelves may be different depending on the position in which visitors will steam (sitting or lying down). If the steam room does not provide ventilation duct, then you need to place a small window with double glass in it to ventilate the bath.
The steam room door is usually smaller and has a height of about 1500 mm with a high threshold. The steam room can be combined with a washing room and separated by a small partition. It must be taken into account that in this case the temperature in the room will be slightly lower and the air more humid.
The washing room is most often designed as a separate room. Depending on the size of the bathhouse, it may contain a shower, as well as a plunge pool or a swimming pool, as well as a bathroom in a separate area. In case of space limitations, the pool and plunge pool are located outside. The size of the washing room should be larger than the steam room, otherwise it will not be comfortable to use. There is also a window in the washing area. It should be located under the ceiling, at a distance of 1.5 meters from the floor, to avoid drafts.
Depending on the size of the area, the layout of the first floor of the bathhouse includes a terrace or summer veranda. It is important that the bathhouse and the veranda are built from the same materials, and also located at a distance of 10-15 mm from each other, that is, without a rigid connection of foundations. The distance between them is filled with elastic material and covered with platbands. The bathhouse floor should be 50 mm lower than the veranda floor. This is explained by the fact that the weight of a bathhouse with a stove and a veranda are significantly different, so rigid fixation of the roofs and soles can cause the building to skew and deform. In this case, the veranda must be designed together with the bathhouse. If the bathhouse has already been built, then you can add a terrace instead of a veranda.
A bathhouse with a second floor doubles as a country house, and places for overnight guests, and for relaxation and recreational water treatments. In projects of two-story baths on the second floor, you can think about the placement of living space: a guest room, a bedroom, as well as a billiard room, a recreation room and a balcony. Instead of a full second floor, you can also equip it as a guest room or bedroom attic floor. If you have a bathhouse, you need to allocate a dressing room, the rest of the space is 2 floors or an equipped attic. It is necessary to carefully consider the location of supporting structures and a solid foundation, since additional load is created on the foundation. Second important point is heat and vapor barrier between floors. Otherwise, it will not be possible to avoid the appearance of mold on the ceiling.
Design corner bath may cause some difficulties when zoning, but it allows you to significantly save on space. The layout of the corner bath involves the location of a relaxation room and a steam room on both sides of the stove (the firebox goes into the rest room, the heater into the steam room). The entrance to the bathhouse is covered on both sides.
Small
The most common designs of small one-story baths measuring about 16 m2 imply the presence of three main rooms: a steam room, a washroom (shower) and a relaxation room. It can be a square bathhouse measuring 3x3 or 4x4, or a rectangular one with a wall ratio of 5 by 3 or 6 by 3. A 3x5 bathhouse is quite suitable for one person or a small family. The size of the steam room is no more than 4 m2. For example, a project for a small bathhouse measuring 4x3. We divide the entire space into 2 parts: a steam room and a small shower room, separated by a thin partition, together make up half of the area (2x3), the second half is a relaxation room also measuring 2x3. Such a bathhouse can be either a separate building or an extension to the house. Today, many customers are attracted by combined projects, for example, bathhouses with a utility block (with a barn) under one roof. For a small bathhouse, a foundation on stilts is suitable.
Average
Such a bathhouse may include, in addition to three main rooms, also a place for a kitchen, as well as a veranda or dressing room. The layout can also include a separate toilet. The lounge room has enough space for upholstered furniture. This is a bathhouse in which you can spend the night if necessary. She looks more like a mini country house. Standard project An average 6x3 bath may have the following layout. We divide the entire area into three parts along the long side: a relaxation room (3x2), a washing room (2x2) and a dressing room (1x2) in the middle, a steam room (3x2). The relaxation room, washing room and steam room are located one behind the other in this order. From the dressing room there is an entrance to the rest room. Another option for an average typical dacha is square, with 3-4 rooms, and measures 5x5. For an average wooden bathhouse, you can use a columnar foundation. This simple design, which is perfect for light wooden buildings.
Big
A large one-story bathhouse measuring about 40 m2 is suitable for a summer house with a large local area. It may have a separate dressing room, a more spacious veranda and kitchen, as well as a swimming pool and barbecue terrace. You can create a project with a small font. A huge number of projects of large baths with dimensions of 6x8 or slightly larger - 9x7, with terraces and a vestibule, are presented by famous designers. A bathhouse with 6 by 8 walls contains all the necessary components of a good bathhouse: on the ground floor you can place a steam room, a washing room, a relaxation room, a bathroom, a terrace and a vestibule. A bathhouse with a wall ratio of 7 to 9 is, in fact, a small country house. Even one-story bathhouse This size can be equipped with everything necessary for a good rest.
Zoning
Depending on the size of the bath, the entire space can be divided into 3 or more zones. It is recommended to divide even a bathhouse of a minimum size of 2x3 with internal partitions, rather than leaving one room. Firstly, the steam room small size it warms up faster, and secondly, the washing room should be separate so that the steam room does not smell damp. And finally, the dressing room must be protected from steam, otherwise it will not be comfortable to be in it.
First, you need to allocate a dressing room, the rest of the space is for a washing room and steam room. Usually in a small bathhouse a small area is allocated for him at the entrance, on one side of which there is a door to the street, on the other to the washing room. The smallest dressing room has enough space for a small bench. A third of the entire area is enough for this. If the bathhouse is larger than 2x3, for example, 6x6, then a large area can be allocated for the dressing room, combining it with a relaxation room. Then you can allocate half of the entire area for this zone. If the space allows, then in front of the vestibule you can build a terrace or allocate an area for a veranda. In this case, an indoor recreation room is not necessary; it can be equipped on the terrace and used in the summer. This option is ideal if the bathhouse is attached to the house and you can relax in the winter directly in the house.
Next, you should separate the steam room from the washing room. Combined washing and steam rooms are not uncommon, but ideally there should be a partition between them. If the bathhouse is used by one person or a small family, then it is enough to allocate an area of 600x600 mm for the washing area. It can only accommodate a shower. The rest of the area will be equipped as a steam room. If possible and necessary, you can also place a bathroom, swimming pool or plunge pool in the washing area. An example of zoning a 20m2 (4x5) bathhouse: relaxation room 8.5 m2, washroom and bathroom 2.2 m2, steam room 4.8 m2.
The most important area of the sauna is the steam room. When planning the size of the steam room, you need to take into account that one person requires 1 m2 plus space for the stove. Usually, minimum size steam rooms – 2 m2. If the stove is not brick, but metal, then it should be separated by a brick partition to avoid burns. Also, the metal stove should be located at a distance of 1 meter from the wall. This does not apply to a brick oven.
When zoning a steam room, not only the preferences of the owners are important, but also fire safety rules and building codes.
The size of the steam room is determined by several factors:
- ventilation system device;
- materials from which the bathhouse is built;
- the size of the family that will use the bathhouse;
- features of the stove installed in the steam room (size, power, type);
- the number and location of shelves and other equipment in the steam room, ergonomic indicators of the steam room.
In a small steam room, 1-2 seats are enough, in a large one you can place several horizontal shelves. To save space, you can arrange the shelves in a cascade. Additional premises and zones (billiard room, bedroom, kitchen) are allocated depending on the available space. Often these rooms are located on the second floor.
Design
Interior decoration is a stage no less important than the design of premises. The design of a modern bath has many variations, from traditional to very original and innovative ones. One thing remains virtually unchanged - the predominance of wood in the interior. Wood itself looks aesthetically pleasing from a design and interior point of view. Several important details in the interior will add even more atmosphere to the interior.
The walls and ceiling of the steam room and relaxation room can be covered with clapboard or boards. The following types of wood have a pleasant texture and aroma: linden, aspen, poplar, oak, as well as the expensive African abashi oak.
Original options antique designs are often created thanks to special wood processing(brushing and firing). In such interiors, the use of textiles with embroidery is mandatory, forged elements, wooden accessories with carvings, walls decorated with brooms. This creates the atmosphere of a forest hut. This gives the interior a certain originality. The protective grille on the metal parts of the stove, as well as the wooden frames of mirrors in the washing room and steam room, can be turned into a decorative element. You can use unprocessed logs and pieces of stones on the walls as decoration.
In the majority modern baths more often you can still see perfectly smooth, even and often varnished boards and modern minimalist decor. The shelves must be treated with oil, wax impregnations or aqualac. Instead of traditional lamps and lighting with wooden lampshades use small LED bulbs. In general, the lighting in the bathhouse is calm, dim, creating an atmosphere of relaxation and intimacy. Decor in modern bath As a rule, the minimum is chrome-plated faucets in the sink, tiles on the floor, and a few interior accessories.
Rounded corners, fluid silhouettes of furniture in the bathhouse are practically the rule today. The roundness in the interior follows the texture of wood and complements it, creating a feeling of fluidity and relaxation.
Bathhouse floors can also be laid out with boards or clapboard. Today, tiles are more often used for flooring because they are easier to keep clean and look more modern. For a bathhouse, the most suitable would be calm pastel colors in everything, including the decor. The washing room can be completely tiled, but in the steam room only the floor. For convenience, you can put a wooden grate on top of the tiles in the steam room. Instead of tiles, you can also use lining treated with a special aqualak.
Style
Depending on the taste, preferences and needs of the owners and finances, the style of the bathhouse can be very diverse - Russian bathhouse, chalet, Finnish sauna, Turkish hammam, Roman bathhouse, Japanese bathhouse (ofuro, sento or furako), etc. Each type of bathhouse has its own certain style buildings and interior. In addition, it can be built in a common style with the house and other buildings on the territory. Let's consider several styles of bathhouse interiors.
Bathhouse in Russian style, as a rule, implies the presence of only two or three rooms: a dressing room, a wash room and the steam room itself. “Lubok decor”, wooden carvings, brooms on the walls, an embroidered tablecloth and a samovar, as well as rugs on the benches are considered traditional. The Russian bathhouse is small in size, making it easy to warm up to desired temperature. The average room temperature is from 45 to 70 degrees. Construction materials are usually wood, less often brick. Required element A Russian bathhouse is a brick or metal stove. It is usually located between the relaxation room and the steam room. Ideally, a Russian bathhouse is built near a pond. If it is not there, a font or pool is installed next to the bathhouse building.
Bathhouse in Scandinavian style(Finnish sauna) differs from the Russian one, primarily in that the air temperature in it significantly exceeds the temperature of the Russian bath and reaches 130-160 degrees. The Finnish bathhouse has a very simple interior, a maximum of natural materials in decoration, a minimum of decor. Ideally, it should be located in a picturesque place so that after bathing procedures you can enjoy a beautiful view of the forest or lake. The interior decoration of a Finnish sauna is usually made of light wood. The furniture also has simple, clear shapes, without patterns or carvings. Scandinavian style- This is an eco-style, so emphasized environmental friendliness is visible in everything - from construction to decor. In the interior itself there may be 1-2 bright accent, otherwise neutral tones.
Sauna in the style of a chalet - an alpine house, also has some elements of country style, as well as eco. For the interior, natural wood and stone are used, natural skins, rugs and carpets in the relaxation room, original lighting using LEDs, mosaics, etc., as well as a mountain landscape from the window. There is a lot of wood in the decor (logs, logs, stumps, etc.). An oriental-style bathhouse (Turkish hammam) is characterized by the use of mosaics and tiles with oriental patterns. The decor has a lot of bright colors, red and gold. Figurines, ottomans, hookahs, chests of drawers, low tables and other furniture occupy almost the entire space of the relaxation room.
Foundation
Before building the bathhouse itself, it is important to select and design the foundation. It plays an important role both as a base for the walls and as protecting the bathhouse from excess moisture. The main types of foundation are strip, screw, monolithic and columnar. The choice of foundation depends on the size of the bathhouse, the number of floors, and the characteristics of the soil in the construction area.
For construction strip foundation Any soil is suitable. It is necessary to take into account the size of the bathhouse itself, as well as slopes and subsidence of the soil. It is important to consider how deep the water is. A strip foundation requires more time and effort to build, but it is perfect for heavy two-story baths. Excavation required for laying a strip foundation.
The screw foundation is suitable for any soil. It consists of steel piles with tips for screwing into the ground. Pile-pipes come in various diameters, solid or hollow, on which logs for the walls of the bathhouse are installed. Immediately after installing the piles, you can begin building the bathhouse.
Columnar foundations are often used for small wooden baths. It is often chosen by those who build a bathhouse with their own hands. The column foundation is very easy to install. Pillars made of wood, concrete or metal are located at the corners of the building and at the intersection of walls. However, such a foundation is not suitable for massive and heavy baths.
Monolithic foundations are often used for the foundation of large baths and in construction from heavy materials. It provides solid foundation for construction, protects against subsidence and moisture. A monolithic foundation is a continuous layer of cement and crushed stone.
Separately, it is necessary to consider the foundation for the stove. If the total weight of a brick kiln is equal to or more than 750 kg, then a separate foundation for such a kiln is necessary. The weight of a brick stove is calculated by the formula: multiply the volume of the stove by 1350 kg. A rubble concrete foundation is suitable for a brick kiln. It should be higher and deeper than the foundation of the bathhouse. To build a rubble concrete foundation, you must first build a foundation pit. Its bottom is filled with crushed stone and compacted. Next, you need to make wooden formwork around the perimeter of the pit and treat it with hot bitumen. Ruberoid is suitable for this. Next, large and small stones are poured into the pit.
The next layer is cement with sand in a ratio of 1: 3. After a day, you need to fill it up again with stones and fill it with cement-sand mortar. Repeat the layers every subsequent day until the top level of the foundation is reached. A week after the foundation is ready, you can begin to build a brick oven on it.
Walls
The walls of the bathhouse, as mentioned above, are built from wood, brick, concrete, sip panels or expanded clay. For the walls of a wooden bathhouse, timber with dimensions of 95x145, 145x145, 150x150 cm or logs of 200-220 mm are usually used. As for finishing the walls inside, they often use different types of wood (for the steam room) and ceramic tiles (for the bathroom and washroom). It is important to consider the properties of the material when heated. Wood is susceptible to rotting, so wooden walls must be treated with an antiseptic solution. Coniferous wood smells strongly of resin, so it is not recommended for steam rooms.
Several types of wood can be used for wall decoration., for example, combining dark and light tones. Linden and aspen have a pleasant shade and are comfortable for the skin, so these types of wood are often used for the walls of steam rooms. In the recreation room, it is most successful to use fragrant cedar or juniper boards. It is traditional for a Finnish sauna to use spruce and pine for the walls. As a rule, for interior decoration of walls, thermal lining is used, which is intended specifically for bathhouse walls (it does not form cracks, mold, mildew, it does not rot or dry out).
Floor
The floor in the sauna can be made of various materials. Firstly, different materials can be used in each zone. It could be a tree a natural stone or ceramic tile. It is recommended to choose tiles so that the pattern matches the wood structure on the walls, and is also in neutral pastel colors. The tiles must be non-slip. Otherwise, it is necessary to cover it with a wooden grate treated with aqualac.
Roof structure
Roof construction – final stage external works during the construction of a bathhouse. The roof for a bathhouse is a fairly simple design, so it can be erected without the help of professionals. As a roof for wooden bath will do roll roof, from sheet steel, turf, tiles or slate sheets. The next question that needs to be answered is whether the roof will be double- or single-pitch.
If the bathhouse is adjacent to the house, then the roof will definitely be pitched. More often the roof is simply flat. Gable roof It costs more, but it allows you to equip the space under the roof as additional rooms. The angle of inclination of the slope is determined by the preferences of the owner, financial capabilities (the higher, the more expensive) and varies from 2.5 to 60 degrees. A large angle of inclination is good because snow in winter does not linger on such a roof, rolling down. However, a high roof is not recommended in areas where strong winds blow.
Ventilation
The air ventilation system is very important for comfortable use of the bathhouse. It must be thought out at the design stage and correspond to the size of the bathhouse. As a rule, mixed supply and exhaust ventilation is carried out in the bathhouse. For this purpose, the project includes channels for the supply of air from outside and for exhaust air exhaust. The air flow is carried out through special vent holes and an additionally installed fan or ventilation pipe.
It is better to place the inlet holes next to the stove so that the air warms up faster. Exhaust holes and the furnace ash (the hole in the furnace below the firebox) allow steam to escape to the outside. It is better to place them opposite the entrance holes (on the opposite wall). If the exhaust vent is located closer to the floor, then it is necessary to install a ventilation pipe to increase draft. It is better if the hole is both at the bottom and at the top. The steam room needs to be ventilated every 20-30 minutes.
If you are building a bathhouse from timber, it is important that the timber is smooth and even, without wormholes. It is necessary to choose the best quality materials for construction, since a well-built bathhouse can last for decades.
When building a bathhouse, fire safety rules, GOST and SNiP must be observed.
For heating you can use gas, coal, fuel oil, electricity. The latter is the most convenient, although expensive in terms of equipment. For heating with electricity modern market A number of stove models are offered. This could be an electric heater, heated floor, convector or boiler.
Beautiful examples
Arranging shelves in a cascade in a steam room saves space and is very convenient for large companies. At the same time, you can steam both sitting and in a horizontal position.
Upholstering walls with clapboard is not only practical, but also aesthetically pleasing. The arrangement of the boards vertically and horizontally makes the interior of the steam room more interesting.
Modern interior saunas made of dark wood. Stones can also be used as decoration.
Interior in old Russian style. A samovar, a lot of carvings on furniture, windows, doors, as well as dishes and accessories typical of a hut.
Until recently, two-story bathhouses made of timber were considered a luxury and only wealthy people could afford them. Now such projects have become commonplace. This is due to the fact that profiled timber is used for construction, which is characterized by an affordable price.
Who most often chooses two-story bathhouse projects?
First of all, these are people who need a large living space. In such buildings, the first floor is allocated for a steam room, a washroom and a relaxation room. On top floor are located common rooms. Usually these are bedrooms, guest rooms or children's rooms.
Thus, clients actually receive a second home, adapted for living no worse than the main cottage.
Also, a large two-level building is necessary if it is planned to be used for permanent use. It is easy to adapt a bathhouse for permanent residence. The result is a building that can be used in any weather and at any temperature.
Advantages of large two-story baths
- Additional living space.
Not a single owner will refuse 2-3 additional rooms. They are never superfluous and will always find uses. Often, on the upper level of the bathhouse there are rooms that would never be in the main cottage.
If desired, such rooms can be insulated and used all year round regardless of the weather and other natural factors.
- Reasonable price.
A one-story building will not be much cheaper than a two-story structure. According to calculations by employees of the company SK Domostroy, it turns out that the difference between these two projects is 15-20%. This is a completely justified increase in price, since the money spent will be more than recouped by additional meters of living space.
- A pleasant stay is essential.
A modern two-story bathhouse perfectly complements the main cottage. Together they look harmonious and complement each other perfectly. If the customer has big family or like to receive guests, then extra rooms there will always be correct application. And if you plan to live outside the city throughout the year, then a bathhouse is required to be built.
When you are planning to build a bathhouse, the question inevitably arises: “Or maybe it’s worth making it two-story?” If your budget allows and you have the desire, you can build two floors: with a slight increase in cost (by about 25-30%), you get almost double the area. Why almost? Because a considerable piece - at least two squares - will be “eaten” by the stairs. However, by moving the rest room to the second floor, you can make the rest of the bath rooms more spacious. But this solution has a drawback: your legs may become “humming” if you are not used to running up the stairs. That’s probably why the rest room is rarely located on the second floor. Usually there are living or guest rooms.
For everyone, the best project is their own. We all have different habits and ideas about how to properly take a steam bath. Some people prefer a dry-air sauna and need a small steam room: it heats up faster. And some people prefer a cool Russian steam room, and even a good job with a broom. There should be a larger steam room here.
Also relatively washable. There can only be a shower and a bucket, and then big square to nothing. And sometimes they are installed in the washing room, some of them even of considerable size. There are also washers with high temperatures- about 30-40°C. Then they put wooden trestle beds, like shelves, in them, and rest in the humid and warm air, without going into the cool (relative to these rooms) rest room. Then the areas must be appropriate.
How you can change the layout based on your preferences. This is a 6 by 3 bathhouse project, and in larger sizes there are even more possibilities
But there are several rules that are universal:
- If you plan to use the sauna in winter, Entrance door should not lead directly to the break room. There must be a closed vestibule. It can be attached, fenced off on the veranda or in the recreation room. The dimensions are quite small - open the doors and go in, but this way the cold air enters the room much less.
- Doors in the steam room and washing room should open outward.
- For a Russian bath. That's right: two windows. One is opposite the door measuring 50*50 cm, the second is small under the shelf. These windows are needed not so much for lighting as for ventilation. Between entering the steam room, it is necessary to open the main window and the door to the steam room and ventilate it. Then prepare the steam room again. And the window under the shelves helps after the bath to ventilate the problem area itself, where problems usually begin.
- A washing window is also necessary. It also serves for ventilation, and also for evacuation. So the dimensions here should be a little larger. If you are worried about people looking into them, install patterned or opaque glass. And the problem is solved.
- On the second floor, when planning the premises, you first need to determine where the chimney will go and how to enclose it.
Based on these rules, you can make your own from any project more or less suitable for you. perfect option bath layouts.
Project of the first floor of a bathhouse 6 by 6 + terrace
In this version of the bathhouse layout, the vestibule is already fenced off. It will be possible to make or install a wardrobe in it to store outerwear or bath accessories. The stairs are located in the far corner of the rest room.
Layout project for the first floor of a two-story bathhouse made of timber The area of the premises is as follows:
- steam room 5 m2;
- washing room 5.8 m2;
- vestibule - 2.4 m2;
- recreation room 16 m2;
- terrace 12 m2;
Plan of a two-story bathhouse 6 by 6 with two entrances
An interesting bathhouse design, suitable for placement on the wide side of the site. There are two porches with attached vestibules. One is used as a boiler room - it is heated from there, the second is used to enter the rest room. The only negative in this layout is that the washing room from the steam room is located across the vestibule. Not the best The best decision: having undressed you will have to walk through the room naked, and the room is cold. To eliminate it, you need to make the boiler room longer, and move the vestibule to the place of the washing room. This will also eliminate the possibility of a strong draft from two doors located opposite.
Interesting project of a 2-storey bathhouse with two entrances In this layout, the area of the premises is as follows:
- steam room 5 m2;
- washing room 5.6 m2;
- vestibule 1 - 3.9 m2;
- vestibule 2 - 2.5 m2;
- recreation room 21 m2;
- terrace 12 m2;
- bedroom on the second floor - 34 m2;
Layout of a bathhouse made of 5 by 5 timber
Due to the fact that 20 cm is spent on creating connections in the corners, the “pure form” size interior spaces it will be 5 by 5 meters, and on the outside, for the foundation - 5.4 * 5.4.
In this project, the steam room has decent dimensions - 2.4 by 2.2 meters. In this option, you can install a wide corner shelf. One person can lie down and two more can sit. The stove is heated from the rest room, one of the walls opens into the washing room. Rational arrangement allowing to heat all rooms. The only thing is that the furnace power will need to be taken with a decent margin.
Two-story bathhouse project Area of premises in this version of the bath:
- steam room 5.3 m2;
- washing room 3.6 m2;
- vestibule - 3.6 m2;
- recreation room 15 m2;
- bedroom on the second floor 25 m2
Features of two-story baths made of timber
Before starting construction of a two-story bathhouse, you will have to think through not only the standard set of questions regarding insulation and waterproofing, but new ones will be added:
The second floor does not have to be completely made of timber or logs. Having driven it to a certain height, the rest can be “added” with the roof.” You will get a bathhouse of one and a half floors... - How to heat the second floor. The most common option is from the pipe of a sauna stove. But this stove is fired only from time to time, so a second heat source is needed. This may be a second wood-burning stove, but already a heating one. Moreover, the chimneys must be separate, otherwise smoke from the upper stove falls down. As a result, both floors are filled with smoke. Often used as a heat source electric heaters, but this is if there are no power outages.
- Consider a ventilation system or a sealed hatch. If you have a Russian bathhouse, it’s better to do both. Steam rises. It must either be kept from the second floor (hatch) or removed effectively (ventilation system).
And you will also have to decide whether you will make a full-fledged second floor - elevate the walls to their full height. After all, you can make an attic - part of the wall will be made of timber, and part will be covered with a roof. The first option is more expensive, but the second floor has the same area as the first. The second - with an attic - is more economical, but the area of the premises due to the roof slopes will be smaller.
If you decide to make an attic, you can also do it in different ways - lay several crowns - three to five, and add a roof to the rest. But then the roof must have a more complex broken structure. The second option - one and a half floors - is when a wall of one and a half meters is erected from timber, and only then comes the roof. Here you can make a regular gable roof, but with a greater slope.
There is an even more economical option: make the first floor from a log house, the second -. And there will be wood in the bathhouse, and the load on the foundation will not be so great. And it will be warm. Excellent, and also inexpensive option 2-storey bathhouse.
Another piece of advice based on practice: it is better to make frame partitions inside. In any case, the one through which the stove will pass (if it is heated from another room). Otherwise, the entire beam will be cut into small pieces, because most often the doors to the steam room go next. As a result, the entire partition consists of small segments, and fastening them so that the fasteners do not interfere with shrinkage (casing) is a real hassle.
Layout of a two-story bathhouse
According to the experience of many bathhouse owners, the most optimal size wooden bath - 6*6 meters. The point is the size of the lumber: it is six-meter beams, boards and other lumber that are considered the standard. Therefore, there are no problems with materials. Moreover, there is also a minimum of waste.
The second advantage of such a bathhouse is that the premises will be more or less spacious. It is only at first glance that it seems that there will be a lot of space. In real life, having laid out everything on paper on shelves, taking into account the thickness of the walls and partitions, finishing, you will be amazed that the rooms turn out to be absolutely miniature.
When developing the layout of your bathhouse, do just that. Draw a large scale plan of the bathhouse. On the same scale, draw the partitions and walls, add a staircase, draw a stove. And then calculate how much “pure” area will remain. So that this will not be an unpleasant surprise for you upon construction.
But not everyone can financially support such a construction project. Then, again based on the size of the material, there will be less waste in a bathhouse made of 6*3 m timber. There are projects for this option, only in this case you will either have to make a combined steam room with a washing room, or move the relaxation room to the second floor.
On the other hand, you can save on building materials if you build, for example, a 6*4 or 6*5 bathhouse. All lumber that is shorter than 6 meters is considered non-standard. But this length also happens quite often. And this non-standard is sold at prices much lower. What is characteristic is that the quality of the wood does not deteriorate.
However, you need to look for high-quality material of non-standard length. If you are not afraid of the need to search, you can save quite a lot. Just one point: it is advisable to buy standard and non-standard at the same sawmill - the parameters of the timber or board will be the same. It's no secret that there are certain errors in the geometry of lumber; not all manufacturers maintain dimensions accurate to the millimeter. So if part of the material is purchased from one enterprise, and part from another, problems may arise with docking.
Since ancient times, the bathhouse was just a bathhouse - they steamed, washed and occasionally rested in it. Today, more and more summer residents are choosing a project in which the construction of a steam room combines two functions: bath room and residential area. And for this purpose, a second floor is often built, on which rooms for rest and sleep are located, devoting the first floor only to a steam room and a washing room. A terrace, gazebos and extensions are also used. The result is just one structure that has several purposes at once. It is cheaper and faster to erect such a structure than several one-story buildings on one site. In addition, a two-story bathhouse is perfect for temporary accommodation of guests, as well as for arranging a personal workshop, which is separated from the house.
Two-story project wooden house baths may imply a second floor as extra bed for relax.
The projects are presented in gallery form at the end of the article -.
Projects for two-story baths, and even with extensions, are much more complex. But it’s not difficult to build a steam room on them yourself. The main thing is to choose the most successful project a two-story bathhouse that will take into account all the features of the area, all the wishes of the household and will guarantee ease and low cost of maintenance. On our website you can find many options for designing a two-story bathhouse. But first, it is important to understand some points for yourself.
Dimensions of the future bath
The size of the bathhouse directly depends on how many people will use it. If this is a family of 4-5 people, then a small two-story bathhouse made of timber is quite suitable. But if you are planning a periodic vacation with friends or will need to live in such a house for more than one day, it is better to immediately choose a design for a more spacious bathhouse, where even on the second floor there can be several rooms at once: a bedroom, a relaxation room, a fitness room...
Purpose of the second floor
The second floor of the bathhouse can be arranged as a bedroom or billiard room.
Based on exactly how the second floor of the bathhouse will be used, you need to choose a project for construction. On the ground floor it would be better to leave only the steam room, washing room and dressing room. The rest room can be equipped either on the terrace or on the second floor.
The premises on the second floor can be used as you wish: make it a billiard room, a gym, a tea room, a summer bedroom. But it is becoming increasingly popular to create a mini SPA salon in such a room, which becomes an excellent addition to the steam room and washing room. For this purpose, special interior design, aromatherapy with healing odors are used, and various vibrating massagers are installed. Therefore, if a two-story bathhouse project was chosen for construction small sizes, just such a SPA corner can be equipped in it, turning an ordinary steam room into a whole complex for home health improvement.
Availability of a swimming pool
The swimming pool in the bathhouse is built in a separate extension.
In large two-story bathhouses, a swimming pool is often built - the space allows this. Such a pool can be of any size and shape, but it is important to remember that moisture evaporates from plain water, and therefore waterproofing of the ceiling will be needed in this sector as well - so that the living quarters on the second floor do not end up damp.
If the two-story bathhouse is small in size, then you can choose a design for a bathhouse with a swimming pool in a special extension. For this purpose, a special room like a veranda is built next to the bathhouse, using one of its walls as a common one. The walls of this design can be completely glass - this is fashionable even today. But there is another option - a pool under the terrace. To do this, special, durable posts are placed in the ground, onto which the canopy is attached. And the pool is already installed under the canopy. Thus, you can enjoy cool water after a hot steam room at fresh air, but not in the open air.
Drainage system
If the bathhouse will be residential, even only in the summer, then it is important to take care of a good drainage system. If the drainage well is close enough to the source drinking water(main well or shallow well), then all waste and harmful substances from the sewer can easily enter through groundwater to a source of normal water.
It’s good if there is a collector nearby - it’s easy to cut a pipe into it. As a last resort, you can sewer pipe as far as possible from the bathhouse in a special ditch, but it is better to take special permission from the local authorities for this.
Stairs
When choosing a project for a two-story bathhouse, it is a good idea to pay attention to the design of the staircase. If you plan to visit the bathhouse frequently, the more convenient the stairs are, the better.
The most compact options space saving are ornate staircases. But climbing them often is not always comfortable. Standard steps are more cumbersome. But the worst option, even if it saves a lot of space in the bathhouse, is stairs from the outside of the walls. After staying in the steam room, walking through such a structure can even be dangerous due to drafts. Therefore, initially it is better to choose a project with a good-quality and durable staircase that will not put stress on the spine, and most importantly, will not slip.
Heating system
For a small two-story bathhouse, the ideal heating option is a brick stove. It will warm up quite slowly, but it will give off heat evenly and for a long time. Temperature stability will be maintained in the steam room, and the living quarters on the second floor will not overheat. There is no need for special heating for them - the pipe coming out of the first floor will warm up the entire room well. It will only be enough to properly insulate the walls.
But for a two-story bathhouse large area one oven for winter heating the entire structure will not be enough. For this you need additional heating, and not the worst option is the gas type.
Foundation type
Two-story baths have a greater total mass than single-story ones, and therefore require the construction of a more powerful and buried foundation. Especially if the bathhouse is built from fairly heavy material.
Baths of two residential floors today are a tribute modern world, which is increasingly striving for practicality and comfort. And you can build almost any type of two-story bathhouse with your own hands: we have projects and clear instructions on our website. All that remains is to purchase the necessary building materials and furniture. After all, such buildings have long been erected by the owners themselves - without the expensive services of construction companies.
We present to your attention some projects:
