Every housewife would like to have in her kitchen everything she needs for a pleasant and comfortable cooking process. Specialized stores sell dishes for any occasion. However, when choosing, for example, a baking tray, you need to take into account certain rules.
Types of baking trays
In order for you to enjoy preparing a variety of pies, baked dishes and much more, it is very important to have a high-quality oven tray in your arsenal. This versatile item will help you prepare a huge amount of goodies for the whole family. It is worth noting that oven dishes are healthy foods, so a baking dish should be in every home. Modern oven trays are equipped with a non-stick layer, which greatly simplifies the cooking process and uses very little oil.
In the store you can find a huge amount various types baking sheets:
- with sides or flat;
- perforated or solid;
- enameled;
- tin;
- stainless steel;
- silicone;
- ceramic;
- cast iron.
Silicone forms
A real discovery for culinary experts was the silicone baking tray, which has a lot of undeniable advantages:
- ability to withstand temperatures from – 55 to +280 degrees;
- does not take up much space;
- does not burn your fingers when removing from the oven;
- When used, they do not require regular lubrication.
Baked goods in such forms do not burn and come out well. Silicone baking sheets can be used in microwave ovens or ovens. They are easy to wash and convenient to store. Even after prolonged use, your mold will not become saturated with foreign odors, so it can be used for baking sweet and savory dishes. However, it is worth noting that the softness of the silicone mold can be attributed to the disadvantages, because if you fill it with liquid dough, then transfer it to oven will be problematic. Manufacturers have taken care of this and some models already have a metal frame.
Glass pan
Many housewives consider a glass oven tray to be the safest, most convenient and most aesthetically pleasing. Thanks to the transparency of the product, you can observe the baking process. Glass does not impart any foreign odors or tastes to food and retains the temperature of the finished dish for a long time. You can buy oval, round or rectangular shape with and without a lid. If you purchased such a model, it is recommended to preheat it before placing the baking sheet in the oven. Otherwise, the form may crack, because glass does not tolerate temperature changes.
Cast iron
A special feature of this baking sheet is its unique durability, because some housewives have such an item, inherited from their grandmother. At the same time, it is perfectly used and does not lose its quality and performance characteristics. Among the disadvantages of this type, significant weight can be noted. In addition, the product is very fragile, so you should be careful with the baking sheet so as not to break it.
Ceramic
A special feature of this model is its unique “breathing” walls. This allows you to bake different foods while preserving everything beneficial features, because the food will languish in the oven and not cook. Ceramics do not emit harmful substances when heated, which is another advantage of the model. Among the disadvantages of a ceramic baking tray is the porosity of the material, which can lead to destruction of the mold due to liquid getting into the cracks. It is difficult to wash such a sheet: you have to pre-soak it with detergent.
Aluminum
This shape conducts heat well, thereby reducing the cooking time. The light weight of the dishes is another plus, thanks to which you can prepare baked goods and take them with you when you go on a visit. An aluminum oven tray is perfect for you if you decide to bake cookies, tartlets, tartlets or shortcakes. Baking large pies requires a different device.
Carbon steel
The choice in favor of a steel container should be made by those who plan to use a baking tray with an oven regularly. This is the most popular and cheap option, with which you can prepare a wide variety of dishes. Using heat resistant steel sheet is easy. It cleans well, does not change the smell and taste of the dish, and saves your time. However, it is important to choose a durable metal that does not bend.
How to choose a baking tray for baking and baking in the oven
When choosing an oven tray in a store, it is recommended to pay attention to the following points:
- Buy models with a lid. Without it, the dish will heat unevenly, so it may burn at the edges and not bake in the middle.
- Pay attention not only to the presence of a non-stick surface, but also to its scratch resistance.
- If you like to make homemade cookies and scones, choose a baking sheet with low sides.
- To prepare sponge cakes, choose sheets with a wall height of 2.5 cm or more.
- Don't save money by buying low-quality cookware that doesn't look good. It won't last long.
- A perforated baking sheet helps you get baked goods faster without burning and excess moisture evaporates easily.
- To grill chicken, fish or vegetables, choose models with grates or perforated bottoms.
Where to buy and how much it costs
Most a budget option oven trays are aluminum models. The cost of such a device starts from 300 rubles. Models made of carbon steel, depending on the size, the presence of a lid or silicone handles, cost from 400 to 1,500 rubles. Ceramics, glass or cast iron will cost you 1500-2000 rubles. You can buy a baking sheet in hardware hypermarkets or online stores with delivery, but before that, study the photos, characteristics, and materials used for its manufacture.
Usage: at home for steaming food. The essence of the invention: a set of metal utensils consists of a metal body with a lid and an insert, the wall thickness of the entire set is 1.5 - 2 mm. The insert is made in the form of combining a colander and a frying pan into one piece with perforations in the upper half of the side wall with an interval of 10 mm between holes with a diameter of 3 mm. The number of rows of holes may vary depending on the height of the liner. 3 ill.
The proposed device is a set of three-piece metal utensils. Designed for steam cooking food: meat, fish, vegetables, dumplings. The set is stamped from metal sheet thickness 1.5-2.0 mm, made of aluminum, stainless steel. The invention is illustrated by the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a flat-bottomed pan with riveted handles; Fig. 2 - cover with riveted handle; in fig. 3 - liner - flat-bottomed conical bowl with a support collar bent 90° relative to the vertical axis. On the upper half of the side wall there are 6 rows of holes with a diameter of 3 mm, an interval of 10 mm. Holes of 2, 4, 6 rows are shifted horizontally by 5 mm relative to the 1st row. The dimensions of the kit are determined by the diameter of the household burner electric stove. The size of the outer diameter of the pan depends on the diameter of the burner. Depending on the size of the burners, the set can be manufactured in several modifications. The novelty of the design lies in the combination of a frying pan with a colander, i.e. two items into one. The insert (Fig. 3) is made in the form of a semi-conical bowl with a support collar bent by 90° relative to the vertical axis. On the upper half of the side wall, at a height of 15-20 mm from the collar, perforation is made: 6 rows of holes with a diameter of 3 mm with an interval of 10 mm. Moreover, rows 2, 4, 6 are drilled with a horizontal offset of 5 mm relative to the 1st row. Operating principle. Pour water into the bottom of the pan and bring to a boil. The insert with food is inserted into the pan, closed with a lid, and heated. Steam entering through the holes cooks the food. The kit provides steam cooking, where calories are not boiled into water by their own juice, but remain at the bottom of the insert, thereby improving the quality and taste of food. Even steam flow through six rows of vents speeds up cooking time compared to frying in a frying pan by 1/4. The set consists of three items, is easy to use, easy to assemble, and easy to clean. It can be made from cheap materials, for example, aluminum, using mastered technologies. As a result, it can be mass-produced, which ensures low-cost production. Compared to its analogue (US Patent N 3141455, 1984), the kit is more constructive and technologically advanced.
Claim
METAL COOKWARE SET FOR STEAM COOKING, consisting of a metal body with a lid and an insert, characterized in that the wall thickness of the entire set is 1.5 - 2 mm, the insert is made in the form of combining a colander and a frying pan into one piece with perforations in the upper half side wall with an interval of 10 mm between holes with a diameter of 3 mm, the number of rows of holes may vary depending on the height of the liner.
Materials and tools that the author used to create this solar stove:
1) moisture-resistant plywood about 3 mm thick
2) a sheet of metal 0.5 mm thick, roofing or galvanized iron may also be suitable
3) wooden blocks 4 by 4 mm
4) several boards with a thickness of 20 mm and a total length of 400 cm
5) narrow strip for fixing glass
6) mirrors
7) heat-resistant black paint
8) a pair of glass measuring 500 by 500 mm
9) handles
10) nails, screws
11) jigsaw
12) saw
13) hammer
14) screwdriver
15) metal scissors
16) silicone sealant
17) mineral wool
Let's look at the manufacturing process solar oven, the main elements of its design and assembly stages.
After all the materials necessary for the construction of a solar oven were found and prepared, the author proceeded directly to the construction of the main frame of the oven.
For this out wooden block 4 racks were cut out. The main part of the stove will be installed on these racks using screws and nails. The racks are made in pairs: 2 rear racks are 52.6 cm long, and 2 front ones are 26.7 cm long.
The difference in the length of the racks is made specifically in order to take into account the tilt of the stove, which is necessary so that it is exposed to the rays of the sun at right angles.
The load-bearing walls of the solar oven frame were made of a sheet of plywood measuring 150 cm by 150 cm. The lower part of the frame has dimensions of 60.5 by 67.5 cm and is also made of plywood.
After which all parts of the frame are assembled into a single structure:
The next step, the author began making a frame for the glass that will cover the chamber for preparing the future solar oven. The frame was made of boards 549 mm long and 60 mm wide. These boards are connected to each other, and a rail is installed inside the resulting frame, on which the glass will be attached.
In order to install the assembled frame, it is necessary to prepare a site on the main frame of the solar oven. A kind of subframe is also made from boards and small bars, so that the internal hole is just the size of the frame for installing glass. Almost all fastenings are made using ordinary nails.
After which the assembled frame with a rail for fastening glass is installed on the prepared platform in load-bearing frame solar oven.
Then the author began making a cooking chamber. Its author decided to make it from a sheet of metal 0.5 mm thick. The sheet was marked and then cuts were made in such a way that when folded, a kind of box was formed, which was then secured to the frame of the solar oven using nails.
Then, using metal scissors, the metal part where the heating will occur is cut out. Cuts are made on the sides, a bend is made, and the sheet is inserted inside the future stove and secured. It is in this metal box that the food will be cooked.
In order to increase the heating efficiency and temperature inside the chamber, inner surface metal box painted with black heat-resistant paint.
Then the author cut out the glass, which he subsequently secured to the frame using silicone sealant. Hinges were installed on the top bar of the frame on which the glass is fixed. The solar oven cover will be attached to these hinges. The lid itself is cut from a sheet of plywood so that when closed it completely protects the glass of the solar oven. On inner part the covers were fixed to the mirrors.
In order to make it convenient to open the mirror cover and the glass plate, the author decided to attach ordinary handles to them.
It is the most popular material from which containers and utensils that come into contact with food are made. Stainless steel has good anti-corrosion properties, durability and low weight. However, it is worth considering that this material is not always resistant to aggressive environments; in this case, special compounds food purposes.
Of course, it is best to store food in a steel or glassware, since foam propylene, popular today, does not suit everyone necessary requirements. In addition, its service life is much shorter than that of products made of steel.
Many people are interested in how to distinguish food grade stainless steel from material unsuitable for food storage? To answer this question, it is worth considering the advantages, features and classification of this metal.
Advantages of food grade stainless steel
If we talk about the advantages of food-grade stainless steel, it is worth highlighting:
- environmental safety of the material;
- ease of maintenance;
- resistance of the material to most chemicals;
- wear resistance;
- compliance with standards for the dissolution of heavy metals.
In addition, it has long been proven that instead of frying pans with non-stick coating It is much healthier to use utensils made from food grade stainless steel. The best ones are made from the same material hobs and surfaces of refrigerators.
Which stainless steel is considered food grade?
Suitable for storing and preparing food - it is a highly alloyed metal containing 25% chromium. It is thanks to this chemical element alloys are famous for their anti-corrosion characteristics. In case of contact with an aggressive environment, a special layer is formed on the metal surface. protective film. Thanks to this surface layer, the metal does not rust.
In addition, titanium, molybdenum, nickel and other chemical components are added to food-grade stainless steel, which further increase the anti-corrosion properties of the material.
GOST and stainless steel grades
If we talk about state standards, they do not stipulate the rules related to stainless steel. That is why experts find it difficult to answer which material is recommended to be used in Food Industry. In turn, the manufacturers of this stainless metal respond that regardless of its brand, it is suitable for food products.
Do the standards really say nothing about food grade stainless steel? GOST 5632-72 is perhaps the closest normative document, which can be used when choosing the best alloy for household use. In that State standard it talks about brands and corrosion-resistant and Let's take a closer look at this classification.
08Х18Н10
Austenitic, corrosion-resistant stainless steel is produced under this brand. European equivalent - This material is not magnetic. It is used in all industrial and commercial sectors.
This material has a low price and good quality. It is often used in the food industry, but only on the condition that the metal does not come into contact with caustic soda or sulfamine solutions.
12Х18Н10Т
The European analogue of this brand is AISI 321. This heat-resistant steel is also not magnetic. Stainless steel of this brand is often used in the manufacture of elements of furnace fittings, heat exchangers and exhaust manifolds. The thing is that this steel is suitable for use in high temperatures from 600 to 800 degrees.
08Х13
The European analogue of this material is AISI 409. This steel is widely used in the production of kitchen utensils and cutlery. This food grade stainless steel is most often found in stores. The material gained such popularity due to its high degree of adhesion and ability to adapt to different operating conditions.
This dish can be safely heated or stored in the freezer.
20Х13-40Х13
This type of steel belongs to the category composite materials Therefore, it is often used in the manufacture of household and industrial sinks, as well as for the production of utensils for hygienic or thermal processing of food. The European analogue of this brand is AISI 420. If the cookware bears one of these markings, then you can safely buy it for household use. This stainless steel does not rust, tolerates sudden changes in temperature, and is also a fairly plastic and wear-resistant material.
12Х13
In Europe, this material is produced with the AISI 410 marking. Steel of this type is more often used in the production of equipment for winemaking, food processing and alcohol production. Besides, this material It is characterized by increased heat resistance in a slightly aggressive environment.
08Х17
In Europe, this steel is produced under the brand name This stainless steel is indispensable if the food in the cookware is subjected to heat. This type has the highest strength. However, this material quickly deforms in a sulfur environment. At the same time, stainless steel does not rust and can withstand mechanical loads. It is recommended to buy frying pans from this material, since 08X17 is characterized by a high thermal conductivity coefficient.
All other materials are used in special conditions, their cost is much higher. However, not all stainless steel can be safely used for cooking and storing food. In order not to delve into how food-grade stainless steel differs from technical stainless steel, it is much easier to read a few useful recommendations. They will allow you to quickly determine whether a given material is suitable for food. This is useful to know for every consumer concerned about their health.
How to distinguish food grade stainless steel from technical grade?
To determine the composition of the anti-corrosion alloy, as well as the possibility of its use in everyday life, you can write down the brands that were listed above. If such markings are on the utensils, then they are suitable for preparing and storing food.
But sometimes it happens that in front of your eyes is a material of an unknown brand, and the seller insists that this alloy is absolutely environmentally friendly and cannot harm humans. In this case, it is enough to place the metal in a 2% vinegar solution and wait for the reaction. If the shade of the material has changed, it has become dark, then it is better not to use it. The constancy of color indicates that the stainless steel is indeed food grade. It can be used.
There is another method that consumers often use after reading information on how to identify food-grade stainless steel. They use a magnet for this. But you should understand that this method is completely ineffective, since stainless steel There are magnetic and non-magnetic. Accordingly, using a magnet will not help in any way determine whether the material can be used for food.
To choose best metal, it is worth studying the information about the product and asking the seller for accompanying documents. Any utensils must be manufactured in accordance with certain standards and requirements. If there is no marking on the product, then it is better to refuse such a product. Otherwise, you can purchase low-quality utensils that are dangerous to human health.
Frying surfaces for restaurants and fast food, canteens and cafes are widely used today in Moscow as an alternative to kitchen frying pans.
Advantages of the frying surface
- The device heats up evenly, thanks to which vitamins and nutrients are preserved in a particular product, the time spent on cooking is reduced, and productivity increases.
- High level durability - the surface cannot be scratched by cutlery.
- The device has sides around the perimeter to prevent splashing of fat, as well as a gutter for draining liquid.
- The range of possible temperatures is from 50 to 300 degrees (set using the regulator), which allows you to fry a variety of foods, from tender shrimp to beef.
- The device is compact and easily fits even into a small kitchen space.
- There is an emergency voltage cut-off that is triggered at temperatures above 350 degrees and an indicator that shows cooks that the surface is turned on, which eliminates the occurrence of emergency situations.
Before buying a frying surface, you need to pay attention to the parameters specifications, cost and user reviews. All this information can be obtained on our website.
Features of choosing a frying surface
- Electrical and gas devices, which depends on the availability of energy, in the first case the connection is made to a regular 220-volt outlet, but for high-power devices a voltage of 380 volts is required. When choosing, remember that electrical surfaces They take a little longer to heat up than gas ones.
- Surface texture - smooth - for frying seafood and poultry, eggs and pancakes, corrugated - for cooking large pieces of meat; after frying, attractive dark stripes remain on them. The combined surface is divided into two zones (smooth and corrugated), for each of which separate temperatures are set.
- Material of manufacture. Glass-ceramic equipment is the most hygienic, but not shock-resistant; cast iron and carbon steel are not scratched and are easy to clean. Teflon coated surfaces require careful handling and special tools for turning the product.
- Surface area depends on the number of seats in the hall and the popularity of the establishment.
- Floor or tabletop equipment is the first for large enterprises, as it has high power, the second is mobile and is purchased for cafes or outdoor trade.
