The genus belongs to the myrtle family myrtle (lat. Myrtus), which has 20-40 plant species. In nature, this plant grows on almost all continents - in West Africa, in the state of Florida in the USA, in North America and off the Mediterranean coast in Europe.
Representatives of the genus are low evergreen shrubs or trees. The leaves on the branches grow opposite, leathery to the touch, whole. Flowers grow from leaf axils, are collected in short racemes, grow either singly or in clusters.
It's quite popular in indoor floriculture a plant that is used in medicine and perfumery - essential oil is obtained from the leaves and shoots of the plant. If you follow all the care recommendations, the plant will grow well and for a long time. room conditions. The plant has phytoncidal properties.
Planting and caring for myrtle (in brief)
- Bloom: from early to mid summer.
- Lighting: bright diffused light.
- Temperature: in spring and summer – 18-20 ºC, in winter – no higher than 10 ºC, but better around 5 ºC.
- Watering: from spring to autumn – abundant, as soon as it dries upper layer substrate in a pot. During a cool winter, you only need to ensure that the earthen lump does not dry out completely.
- Air humidity: During the growing season, myrtle should be regularly sprayed with warm water. This is not required in winter.
- Feeding: from spring to autumn - every week with complex mineral fertilizer. In winter, fertilizing is not needed.
- Rest period: in winter. When placed on the north side, the dormant period lasts up to three months; on the south side it is half as long.
- Trimming: the bush is formed annually at the beginning of active growth.
- Transfer: young plants need to be replanted annually, and adults - once every 2-3 years.
- Substrate: 2 parts humus, clay, turf soil and peat and one part sand. Or: humus, turf, peat soil and sand in equal parts.
- Reproduction: seeds and cuttings.
- Pests: whiteflies, mealybugs, scale insects, thrips and spider mites.
- Diseases: Myrtle can suffer from low air humidity and improper watering.
- Properties: is medicinal plant, successfully competing with antibiotics.
Read more about growing myrtle below.
Myrtle – photo
Caring for myrtle at home
Lighting
Because myrtle needs a lot of bright diffused light; placement on windows on the east and west sides is considered optimal. On northern windows, the myrtle flower at home may bloom sparingly, and on southern windows in summer period you will have to protect the plant from direct rays. In summer, you can expose myrtle to fresh air, providing shading from midday sun rays. The plant must be gradually accustomed to a large amount of light.
Temperature
In summer and spring, the temperature should be 18-20 °C, because... indoor myrtle needs cool air. In winter, the temperature should not exceed 10 °C, and optimally should be around 5 °C. If the plant overwinters at temperatures above 10 °C, there is a risk of the plant shedding its leaves. The room must be ventilated regularly.
Watering myrtle
You need to water the myrtle with soft water, and before watering you need to let it settle for 24 hours. IN spring-autumn period Water abundantly immediately after the top layer of soil dries. In winter, watering is reduced, but at any time of the year you should not let the earthen ball dry out, nor should you allow it to become waterlogged. If the soil is dry, the pot with the plant must be immersed in a container of water.
Spraying myrtle
During the spring-autumn period indoor flower myrtle should be regularly sprayed with settled soft water, because the plant needs high humidity air. If the plant overwinters at low temperatures, then there is no need to spray.
Feeding myrtle
In spring, summer and autumn, the myrtle houseplant needs fertilizing with fertilizers for indoor plants. The plant needs to be fed every week at this time.
Myrtle dormant period
If the plant overwinters on the north side, the dormant period lasts up to three months. When wintering on the south side, this period is halved.
Pruning myrtle
The plant can and even needs to be pruned. When pruning the upper shoots, the plant will take the form of a bush; When trimming the side trees, the tree, if not trimmed at all, will have a pyramidal shape. It is better not to prune side shoots frequently, because... The trunk of the plant is not very strong, and frequent pinching reduces the abundance of flowering. In a couple of years you can grow beautiful lush bushes, because... The myrtle flower grows quite quickly in indoor conditions.
Transplanting myrtle
Young specimens require annual replanting, and older ones every two to three years. When replanting a plant, the base of the trunk is not covered with substrate. For cultivation indoor plant Several soil mixtures are suitable for myrtle: the first is two parts of peat, clay, humus, turf soil and one part of sand; second - humus, turf, peat soil and sand are mixed in equal parts; the third mixture is ordinary greenhouse soil. Be sure to have drainage so that water does not stagnate in the pot.
Myrtle from seeds
Myrtle seeds are sown on top of the substrate, after which the same substrate is poured thin layer on top of the seeds. Soil mixture made up of vermiculite and peat, or peat and sand. Before planting seeds, the soil is watered and treated with a fungicide. After planting the seeds, cover the container plastic film or glass, periodically water, ventilate and keep the temperature around 19 °C. The seedlings should sprout in one to two weeks, and after they have a pair of true leaves, they are planted in individual pots with a mixture of equal parts of sand, turf, peat and humus soil. Seedlings may not grow for some time after transshipment, after which the development of the young plant will resume. The next transfer is done after the roots have completely filled the pot, after which I care for the seedlings as if they were adults. At the age of five, home myrtle begins to bloom.
Propagation of myrtle by cuttings
Cuttings can be propagated both in July and January. For propagation, semi-lignified cuttings from 5 to 8 cm long are taken, a good half of the leaves are cut off, and the remaining ones are shortened to reduce moisture evaporation. It would not be superfluous to treat the cut site with a root formation stimulator. The cuttings are planted in bowls or boxes with a mixture of coarse sand and leaf soil. The container with the cuttings is covered with film or glass, placed in the shade, watered and ventilated, and the temperature is kept at 18 to 20 °C. Within 3-4 weeks, the petioles take root, after which they are planted in individual pots 7 cm in diameter with a mixture of equal parts of sand, turf, peat and humus soil. To stimulate flowering, the plant is watered abundantly and pinched. When the myrtle roots fill the entire pot, transfer it to a slightly larger pot. Myrtle blooms at home, grown from cuttings, after 3-4 years.
Myrtle toxicity
Myrtle leaves can cause headaches and nausea in sensitive people.
Healing properties of myrtle
Myrtle kills germs and bacteria, including diphtheria and tuberculosis bacillus. The plant purifies the air, kills staphylococcus and streptococcus. Helps with acute respiratory infections and flu.
Diseases and pests of myrtle
Myrtle leaves turn yellow, fall off and curl. When there is insufficient light, new leaves grow small and pale, and the stems become elongated. With excessive light, the leaves turn yellow, lose their shine and curl. At high temperatures and lack of light, myrtle can shed its leaves.
Myrtle leaves are falling. When the soil dries out, the myrtle sheds its leaves - you need to shorten the shoots by half, spray and water the plant more abundantly. Young leaves will begin to appear in a couple of weeks.
Pests of myrtle. Keeping myrtle at high temperatures contributes to damage
On the windowsills of apartments and offices you can often see a compact tree, delighting with fragrant flowers. This is myrtle, grown since ancient times. The plant got its name from the aroma of flowers. "Myrtle" translated from Greek language means "incense." In this article we will talk about caring for myrtle at home.
According to legend, myrtle grows in the Gardens of Eden. Adam managed to carry away a branch of the tree of paradise when he was expelled for his sins, as a memory of life in paradise. The twig took root in the warm and humid climate of the Mediterranean, spreading throughout the world. Greek legends claim that the goddess Aphrodite wore a wreath of myrtle branches. For its delicate fragrant flowers, the plant has become a symbol of love and fidelity. Until now, in some countries, flowers or a sprig of myrtle are added to the bride’s bouquet, symbolizing fidelity in marriage.
Under natural conditions, the flower grows in Mediterranean countries with a subtropical climate. He is evergreen shrub or a tree growing up to two to three meters. There are many varieties found in nature, growing in America, Australia, and Asian countries.
It is decorated with small bright green leaves located on the branches opposite each other. Small leaves on short cuttings become pointed at the ends. white flowers, Pink colour grow in groups in racemes or singly. There are types of myrtle with simple or double flowers, with different numbers of petals. After flowering, fruits appear on the plant - berries of the drupe type.
Myrtle among flower growers is valued not only for appearance and the scent of flowers. Its main advantage is the presence of phytoncides and essential oils in leaves, flowers and fruits. They purify indoor air, which leads to a reduction in colds and increased efficiency and stress relief. Therefore, the myrtle tree can be found in office premises.
An infusion made from the leaves and flowers is used to cleanse the face. In some countries, myrtle leaves and fruits are used as a seasoning for dishes.
Types and varieties of myrtle with photos
The indoor plant has the shape of a small tree that does not grow more than 60 cm, which allows it to be grown among other indoor flowers.
marsh myrtle
marsh myrtle is one of the most resistant to low temperatures. It grows no higher than one meter and has the shape of a bush with straight branches. It differs in that it can withstand the snowy winters of Russia. The leaves fall off in the winter, and in the spring the plant blooms again. Found in sphagnum bogs, lives up to fifty years. It is distinguished by the presence of poison in the plant, so it should not be allowed to get into the food of animals.
Myrtle Variegant
Myrtle variegata characterized by bright, variegated leaves with amber-colored dots and stripes along the edges. Snow-white flowers with a beige tint and golden stamens have an exquisite aroma. In addition, the plant purifies the air, reducing the content carbon dioxide. To obtain beautiful leaf color, it is necessary to provide bright light for the plant. It is grown indoors in loose soil, using fertilizers.
Myrtle Hymen (Bride's Happiness)
One of the varieties of common myrtle is called Hymen. Under natural conditions, the shrub grows up to 3-5 meters. Indoors its height does not exceed one meter. This variety is called “the bride’s happiness”; its flowering twig is used in wedding bouquets. Flowers and fruits have a strong aroma.
Myrtle macrofolia
Myrtle macrofolia also a species of common myrtle. It has large leaves up to five centimeters long and grows up to four meters. Like other types of myrtle, it has a healing effect and kills bacteria. Used to treat gastrointestinal diseases and sinusitis.
Myrtle of Tarentina
Differs in dwarf size Tarentine myrtle. Its elongated leaves do not exceed one and a half centimeters. Is different abundant flowering, miniature flowers are collected in groups. Is different rapid growth, but in an apartment it does not grow above one meter. Develops well if basic care requirements are met:
- regular watering;
- spraying;
- sufficient amount of sunlight.
Myrt Komunnis
Myrt Communis has the shape of a tree, which in its habitats is also called a dead tree. In its homeland it grows up to five meters, is distinguished by elongated leaves and abundant flowering.
Lemon myrtle
Lemon myrtle got its name from its lemon aroma. Habitat: Australian tropics. Used to obtain essential oil, make seasonings and spices.
Common myrtle
In indoor floriculture, the most widespread common myrtle. In nature, it grows as a shrub up to four meters high. At home it grows in the form of a small tree. It differs from other species in having oval leaves and fragrant, small flowers. This type of plant is ideal for growing bonsai.
Keeping at home
A native of the subtropics prefers summer temperatures ranging from 22 to 24 degrees Celsius. In summer best place for myrtle there will be a balcony with shading on hot days. Although the flower loves bright sunlight, it is still advisable to protect it during hot hours light curtain or a screen. To achieve flowering, it is advisable to place the pot with the plant on the south side. Although it will grow on window sills located on the east or west side.
If it is not possible to take myrtle out to the balcony or garden, then it is better to place it near an open window in the summer. It is one of the few plants that are not afraid of drafts, but love fresh air. Therefore, the room where the pot with the plant is located needs to be ventilated frequently.
For the winter, it is advisable to provide the plant with a cool temperature, but not lower than ten degrees. If it is not possible to take it to a cool room, then the watering and spraying schedule should be adjusted. In winter, it is recommended to water once a week. In an apartment, the pot is placed close to the window glass; it can be fenced off with additional glass or film to protect it from the flow warm air. If possible, you can try to take the myrtle into the cellar. Some gardeners provide the plant with a cold winter in this way.
If the plant remains in the apartment, then during the short winter day it needs additional lighting special phytolamps or fluorescent lamps.
Caring for myrtle at home
A native of the subtropics needs a lot of light and abundant watering. But at the same time, you should not allow water to stagnate in the pot, otherwise you will not be able to avoid rotting of the roots. IN winter period During dormancy, watering is reduced, especially if wintering occurs in cool conditions. For irrigation, settled water at room temperature is used. In summer, in addition to spraying, myrtle likes to take water treatments in the shower.
Top dressing
From spring to autumn, myrtle needs regular fertilizing with mineral fertilizers. The choice depends on how you want the plant to look. If you want to get a lush green tree, then you need to use nitrogen fertilizers. If you want to achieve abundant flowering, then pay attention to complex fertilizers for flowering plants with phosphorus additives. Must be used weekly throughout the summer. In winter, the number of feedings is reduced to one every month and a half.
Bloom
As already mentioned, for flowering myrtle should be located on a southern windowsill. If the watering and lighting regime is observed, but the plant does not bloom, it is necessary to look for flaws in its care.
Let's list possible reasons:
- Too sudden change in lighting. If you need to move myrtle from a place with low light to bright light, then this should be done gradually.
- Flaw fresh air.
- Lack of moisture and spraying.
- If the crown was pruned in the spring, the growth of branches will increase. But the plant will not bloom this year. In order for myrtle to bloom the next year, the formation of the crown should be carried out in the summer, after flowering has ended, or in winter.
- For flowering, it is necessary to feed the plant with fertilizers, which contain much more phosphorus than nitrogen.
- If a plant is affected by pests or diseases, then one should hardly expect it to bloom, because all its energy goes into survival.
Pollination of flowers is necessary to obtain seeds. In the garden, this procedure can be carried out by insects, but indoors it is necessary to carry out pollination yourself - with a soft brush. Ripe seeds are dark blue in color. They can be used to grow new plants.
Planting and replanting myrtle
A myrtle houseplant is replanted in several cases:
- after the purchase;
- annual replanting for young plants;
- replanting adult plants after three to four years.
After purchasing a new plant, it is recommended to replant it in new soil. In this case, it is necessary to check the condition of the roots and trim them if necessary. The main thing is not to overdo it, so as not to harm the plant. Let's look at the step-by-step process of transplantation:
- To remove the root system from the pot without damage, it is recommended not to water the soil for several days.
- The next step is to grab the base of the plant and, turning the pot over, remove the root ball.
- You need to take a sharp wooden stick and carefully remove the soil between the roots, holding the plant with its roots down.
- The roots are treated with a stimulator such as “Kornevin” so that the plant takes root better.
- A new pot must be selected according to the following rule: it should be 2 times smaller in diameter than the crown of the tree. A layer of drainage (expanded clay) is poured onto the bottom of the pot. You can prepare soil for myrtle yourself or purchase it at flower shops.
- A small layer of soil mixture is poured over the drainage.
- The plant is carefully placed in the pot and covered with soil. It is necessary to ensure that the neck of the plant is not covered with dust.
- On last stage the earthen mixture is thoroughly watered, then the pot is transferred to a shaded place.
The earthen mixture is prepared from the following ingredients:
- peat soil (30%);
- turf land (30%);
- humus (20%);
- river sand (20%).
Before use, it is advisable to neutralize the earthen substrate from possible pests.
Crown formation
The formation of the myrtle crown is divided into two types: pinching and pruning. Pinching young shoots can be done at any time. This will increase the density of the crown, but the number of flowers on the tree will decrease.
Trimming the shoots allows you to give the plant the desired shape. If crown formation is not carried out, the crown will eventually acquire a pyramidal shape. When the top is cut off, the plant turns into a shrub. A very small plant must be given time to strengthen before forming a crown by pruning.
Pruning can be done in the spring, but then you are unlikely to see flowering this year. It is better to prune shoots after flowering, in autumn or winter. Typically, branches are cut to 1/3 of their length.
Bonsai
Myrtle is well suited for growing bonsai. The bends of the trunk and branches are formed using thin rigid wire, guy wires, and the crown is formed by cutting and removing leaves from the bottom of the branches.
Ways to propagate myrtle at home
Myrtle can be propagated using classic methods: from cuttings or seeds.
How to grow myrtle from cuttings
This procedure is best done in winter or summer. You can use twigs obtained by trimming the crown. Cuttings are cut from the lower or middle branches so that their length is about 5-8 centimeters. The lower leaves should be removed, the oblique cut should be treated with a stimulator for root growth.
The cuttings are planted in a mixture consisting of sand and sphagnum moss. If it is not possible to purchase moss, then coarse sand is mixed with leaf soil. Cover the container with cuttings with film and place them in a slightly shaded place. room temperature. Periodically, the film must be removed and the cuttings ventilated. Germination occurs within approximately a month. After the appearance of new leaves, which indicates successful rooting, you can plant the cuttings in separate pots. New plants begin to bloom in the third or fourth year.
Propagation by seeds
Growing myrtle from seeds at home requires more time to obtain flowering plant, but those who like to experiment can try it.
Seeds are placed in a prepared moistened mixture of peat and sand at a shallow depth, sprinkled with a thin layer and covered with film or glass.
Myrtle seeds have sprouted
Important! It is necessary to ventilate the seedlings periodically.
After two weeks, sprouts appear.
After two leaves appear, the seedlings are transplanted into separate pots using the transfer method. Further replanting is carried out when the roots fill the pot. Plants from seeds begin to bloom at the age of five.
Care errors
When growing myrtle, there are different problems, often associated with improper plant maintenance.
- The leaves turn black. Usually associated with overwatering. It is necessary to reduce watering and loosen the soil. The soil can be replaced.
- Yellow leaves indicate a lack of moisture in the soil and air.
- Shedding leaves may mean poor water quality or a too hot place, drying out the soil.
- If myrtle leaves fall off after a change of environment, then this is an indicator of stress or insufficient watering.
- Myrtle leaves dry out and curl. This indicates violations in care, movement or insufficient watering. Sometimes myrtle sheds its leaves in winter when the air is extremely dry. Don’t despair, the plant may sprout new leaves in the spring.
- The leaves have become sticky. This is a sign of a scale insect attack. See the next section for treatment measures.
Pests
Myrtle becomes vulnerable to pests if conditions are violated. The table provides a list of the main pests and diseases and measures to combat them.
| Signs | Cause | Treatment |
| Dark spots on leaves, sticky coating. | Defeat by scale insects | Removing scale insects with a swab moistened with soapy water. Then treat with an insecticide. |
| Myrtle leaves dry and curl | Insecticide treatment. | |
| The appearance of a whitish web on the underside. | Spider mite | Washing with soap or tobacco solution, treating with insecticide. |
| White fluff-like coating on leaves and twigs. | Remove pests mechanically, then treat with Aktara according to the instructions. | |
| They form light spots on the upper side of the leaf and dark spots on the bottom. | Thrips | Treat with Actellik. |
| Myrtle dries out and develops poorly | Root rot | Inspect the root system, remove diseased roots. Replant into new soil. |
Although growing myrtle requires almost daily attention, especially in summer, the result will please you not only with its appearance, but also with the creation of a family-friendly atmosphere.
Myrtle is a very beautiful and showy plant with fragrant leaves and flowers. The myrtle tree is not the most capricious specimen of garden fauna, but it is also quite demanding. Caring for and growing myrtle at home will require a lot of attention and care, since only in caring hands will it reveal its full potential.
The entire aerial part of myrtle contains a large amount of essential oil, which is used in alternative medicine to treat a wide range of diseases. Common myrtle will become a decoration for many years and decades not only in the house, but also on the balcony, terrace or garden.
The myrtle tree is one of the oldest cultivated plants. Thanks to various sources, there is evidence that many centuries ago the myrtle plant was grown as an ornamental garden tree. Flowers were given great importance back in Ancient Greece, where he personified innocence, youth and beauty.
There are many beliefs and legends associated with myrtle:
- in ancient times it was an integral part of the holiday in honor of Venus;
- during the Renaissance it served as a symbol of youth, marital fidelity and eternal love. Thanks to this, many people now believe in the sign that bridal bouquet the bride should contain a sprig of myrtle, as a sign of a future strong union;
- There is a superstition that myrtle in the house is the key to a good atmosphere, warm relationships, and a friendly family;
- According to legend, when passing by a myrtle bush, you should pick a leaf or twig if you want to live for many years and maintain good health and good spirits.
The evergreen myrtle is a tree or shrub from the Myrtaceae family with white fragrant flowers. The homeland of myrtle is the Mediterranean zone (North Africa, Southern Europe).
Myrtle is a very slow growing plant, annual growth is no more than 10–15 cm.
Myrtle leaves are lanceolate, dark green, opposite, on short petioles. The leaf blades contain myrtle oil. If you look through a sheet at a bright light source, you can see small dots and stripes, which contain oil.
The myrtle flower is axillary, bisexual, has a pleasant smell, five white petals are attached to a thin peduncle. Common myrtle flowers bloom in June-July. After flowering, edible round or ovoid fruits (berries) of dark or light color with a diameter of 5–8 mm are formed. One fruit berry contains 10–15 seeds. IN natural environment The flowers of the plant are pollinated by insects; indoors, the procedure is carried out independently using a brush or a cotton swab. The fruits ripen in November-December.
IN landscape design have become popular recently standard plants. A myrtle trunk is a way to lift shrubs and give the plant an unusual appearance with a bare, even trunk without a single branch and a lush crown at the top.
Myrtle is a medicinal flower; preparations based on it have tonic, antiviral, stimulating and antibacterial effect. Like any medicine, myrtle can bring both benefit and harm. Currently, in pharmacies, you can purchase a plant extract, which, in fact, is a natural antibiotic. Disinfecting and refreshing the air in the room, the flower carries positive energy, creating a favorable, healthy atmosphere at home. Healing preparations based on myrtle are used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases.
Women should use myrtle with caution during pregnancy and during breastfeeding, To old people. A flower pot with myrtle in the bedroom at the head of the bed can cause insomnia and severe headaches, as a result of which it should be placed away from the sleeping areas.
Bloom
Myrtle tree - beautiful flowering plant with white fluffy flowers. Myrtle blooms (photo above) are observed throughout the summer and until mid-autumn. Myrtle begins to bloom if the watering regime is followed, the location is chosen correctly and there is enough lighting. Probably the myrtle does not bloom due to the frequent change of location of the flower. If you constantly move it from place to place, the plant does not have time to adapt to changes in lighting. You should gradually move the flower to a new place with brighter lighting.
Too much low humidity air, a poorly ventilated room are possible reasons for the lack of color of the myrtle tree. When sick, the plant does not bloom; all its energy goes into recovery and survival.
Plant species
About 40 species are included in the myrtle genus, but indoor culture Only one is grown - the common myrtle. In its natural environment, the myrtle tree is found in North Africa, Western Asia, on the islands of the Caribbean, and on the Mediterranean coast. Many varieties of myrtle are grown in botanical gardens, greenhouses, garden plots and at home. Varieties of myrtle differ in height, shape and color of leaves, so the Luma myrtle reaches 25 meters in height, and mini-variants of the myrtle tree grow no higher than 60 cm.
Common myrtle
The most popular is the common myrtle (Myrtus communis) or myrtle communis, also known as indoor myrtle. However, it was not widely used due to low winter hardiness. Prefers shady places and diffused sunlight. In its natural environment, it can be found under the canopy of large trees, in bushes in the Azores, North Africa, and the lands of the Mediterranean zone. In nature, the plant grows up to 2–5 m, in indoor culture no higher than 40–60 cm, rarely up to 1 m.
The trunk is short with dark brown-red bark. Stems are faceted, bare, rounded. Glossy, smooth, lanceolate, leathery leaves up to 5 cm long and up to 2 cm wide, arranged oppositely in one or three. Thanks to the presence of essential oil, the leaf blades emit a subtle, pleasant aroma. Single flowers, up to 2 cm in diameter, with five white, less often pale pink petals, have a brighter and richer aroma than the leaves.
Flowering begins in June-July in the third year of life. Seeds - black and red berries ripen by the end of October.
The species calmly tolerates a short-term drop in temperature to -10... -12°C, but freezes when exposed to lower temperatures for a long time. If the above-ground part freezes completely, new shoots grow from the root collar in the spring.
TO ordinary appearance include many cultural forms.
Variegata
Myrtus Variegata
A variety of common myrtle. Variegata variety (Myrtus Variegata) or variegated with beautiful two-color leaves.
Green, large, oval-elongated leaves with white strokes and streaks along the edges. With a lack of lighting, the mottled spots fade and disappear. The aroma of flowers and leaves is less pronounced compared to common myrtle.
Bolotny
Myrtle Hamedaphne (swamp)
Myrtle Hamedaphne or Cassandra are other names for marsh myrtle. In nature, it is found exclusively in swampy areas, which is why it got its name. Bog myrtle is the most resistant to low temperatures. Tolerates snowy winters well middle zone Russia. The shape resembles a low, spreading shrub 80–100 cm in height with straight branches. Smooth dark green leaves up to 4 cm in length.
The flowers form racemose inflorescences in the axils of the leaves. During the cold season, Cassandra sheds its leaves. The above-ground part of the plant contains toxic substances that are dangerous to animals. Life expectancy is 40–50 years.
Luma
Myrtle luma
An evergreen tall species of myrtle, in its natural environment reaches 20–25 m in height. The trunk is highly branched, up to 50 cm in diameter, covered with smooth gray-brown bark. Young branches are pubescent. Leaves up to 5 cm long and up to 2 cm wide, opposite, ovoid, taper towards the petiole, the end of the leaf is rounded. The petiole is short, no more than 5 mm, covered with hairs. The leaf surface is smooth, the upper part is a darker rich green color compared to the underside. The leaves emit a strong odor.
Luma myrtle blooms profusely, flowers white collected in racemose inflorescences in the leaf axils. Flowering period October-January. After flowering, a black-purple fruit up to 1.5 cm in diameter is formed; myrtle luma bears fruit from December to March. The tree is winter-hardy and can withstand temperatures down to -7...-10 C.
Most often found in the natural environment in South America at an altitude of 500–1500 m above sea level, along the banks of rivers and lakes.
small-leaved
Small-leaved myrtle
A dwarf variety of common myrtle. Small-leaved myrtle is covered with small leaves up to 2 cm long. It grows no higher than 60 cm. It is often grown at home.
large-leaved
Myrtle macrofolia
A varietal form of common myrtle with large, opposite leaves up to 5 cm long, with a smooth, glossy surface and a pointed end. The plant can reach 3–4 m in height. Stems are tetrahedral. Myrtle macrofolia has medicinal properties; preparations based on it are used in alternative medicine. It has an antimicrobial effect, eliminates pathogenic microbes and bacteria.
How to care for myrtle at home?
At home, myrtle requires very high-quality and stable care. In addition to the main requirements for temperature conditions, watering, lighting and pruning, the plant needs a period of rest. This is the only main difficulty that may arise when growing a houseplant at home. If myrtle sheds its leaves, this is the first sign of improper care and maintenance.
Despite its capricious nature, the plant is quite tenacious and hardy, capable of recovering from freezing and fire, and can live up to 300 years.
Location and lighting
The best option for the plant would be a place with bright, diffused light. The flower loves to be in the fresh air; a place in front of an open window will be ideal for the plant. The window sills of western and eastern windows are the best place for a flower. On the south side, the plant requires protection from intense bright light in spring and summer.
Without compromising its decorative appearance, myrtle can be exposed to direct sunlight for several hours. In summer, a pot with a flower is taken out to open air to a balcony, terrace or garden, the new place should be protected from direct sunlight.
Temperature
At home, caring for myrtle requires close attention. From the beginning of spring until the dormant period, the plant must be kept at a temperature of +18...+20 C. During the dormant period, in winter, the temperature should not be higher than +10 C and not lower than +5 C.
Air humidity
Since the plant comes from hot southern countries, it should be provided with a slightly higher than normal humidity level, about 60%. At home, air humidity is quite low, and in winter the air is even drier due to working batteries central heating. Plant care involves not only maintaining water balance, but also periodically spraying the plant with soft, settled or filtered water.
Watering
One of the nuances of caring for capricious plant are correct stable watering. The soil should always be in moderate wet. How to water myrtle correctly so as not to harm the flower? It is necessary to draw up a watering schedule and calculate required amount water.
Myrtle is very sensitive to the watering regime and even a single miscalculation (applying insufficient or too much water) can affect the decorative qualities of the flower. Warm, soft, settled water should be used.
Do not allow the soil to become too dry or waterlogged. Watering is carried out as the top layer of soil dries. As soon as excess water has drained into the pan, it is removed, otherwise the roots may rot. When the soil dries out, do not water the pot with the plant. traditional way, and place it in a container with water. Complete drying of the earthen clod can lead to the death of the flower; in this case, it is almost impossible to revive the myrtle.
Soil for planting and replanting
The optimal soil for planting and replanting myrtle is chosen from three options.
The first soil option for myrtle is an earthen mixture of equal parts of turf, peat soil, humus and sand. The second option is ordinary greenhouse soil. The third - one part each of clay, turf, peat soil, humus and ½ part sand. In this case, you need land with an acidity level in the range of 5–6. To avoid stagnation of water, choose a flower container with a sufficient number of holes in the bottom. The plant is provided with a good drainage layer of expanded clay, broken brick or crushed nut shells.
Feeding and fertilizers
Myrtle is a fastidious plant, so care at home is necessary. Myrtle fertilizers are necessary for full growth and lush, abundant flowering. As a fertilizer, myrtle should be given only special complex mixtures for indoor or container crops. Fertilizing is applied during the period of active growth every 14 days.
The nutritional mixture should always be liquid. Fertilizer is diluted in warm water and apply only the next day after watering.
Any other types of fertilizers and fertilizers (organic, mineral, special garden) are not suitable for myrtle.
Winter care
A characteristic feature of the flower is a long period of rest (hibernation). The duration of the myrtle dormancy period depends on the location of the flower pot in the room. On windows with a northern orientation, the dormant period is 3 months, on western and eastern windows about two months, on southern ones no more than 1.5 months.
Caring for myrtle during hibernation differs from maintaining the flower during the growing season. In winter, watering is limited, the plant is not sprayed, temperature regime within +5...+10 C. If the temperature regime is violated, the flower is kept in a hotter room, the plant may lose its leaves.
Difficulties in growing
Growing myrtle large and healthy is not an easy task. Many people, when buying a flower, soon discover that the plant has a very complex character. Shortcomings and errors during cultivation are reflected in the appearance of the flower.
When a pot of myrtle is placed in a shaded place with insufficient lighting, its leaves begin to turn pale and become smaller. What to do in this case? The first step is to move the flower pot to a more illuminated place. Under intense bright light, leaf plates lose their richness. green color, becoming dimmer. When exposed to direct sunlight for a long time, the leaves wither, become deformed, and the edges become wavy. If myrtle leaves fall, this indicates a violation of the temperature regime; it is higher than permissible.
Myrtle dries out and sheds its leaves if the watering schedule is incorrect, or if there is too much or too little water in the soil.
If the reason why myrtle dries is due to overdrying or waterlogging of the soil, it is necessary to cut the shoots in half. When the soil is dry, watering is carried out as usual. If the reason for dropping leaves is waterlogging of the soil, water with caution, halving the amount of water.
If the soil is very wet, the roots may begin to rot, in which case replanting is required. The first sign of eliminating the cause of improper care is the appearance of new leaves. In case of drying out, when the leaves of myrtle fall off, you can revive the plant by immersing flower pot into a container of water. If the myrtle has dried up, completely lost its leaves, and the branches have lost their flexibility, then in most cases it will not be possible to save it.
Lack of flowering indicates too frequent pruning and lack of fresh air flow (more frequent ventilation is required).
Trimming and pinching
Myrtle is completely calm about pruning and pinching. In its natural environment, the plant has a pyramidal crown shape. To maintain and shape the desired shape the plant needs regular pruning and haircut.
The crown formation procedure is carried out after “hibernation” before the growing season. The shape of the plant can be changed by pinching and trimming last year's growths, leaving 3-4 buds. This will allow new side shoots to form. If you trim the top shoot, the flower will bush, pinching the side shoots - the plant takes the form of a crowned tree with a branching crown.
This process stimulates more accelerated tissue healing, growth and adaptation to new form. During this period the plant needs additional forces. Immediately after pruning, apply a full dose of fertilizer, regardless of the main schedule of planned fertilizing. Applying fertilizer on schedule and after pruning are two independent procedures, even if there is a difference of several days between them, one should in no case replace the other.
After pruning the crown in spring, the growth of branches will increase; the plant will not bloom in the coming summer. For annual flowering, pruning is carried out in the summer, after flowering or in winter. You should make a choice between neat branching bushes and a beautiful flowering plant with a natural crown.
Diseases and pests
The evergreen perennial is quite resistant to disease and attack by insect pests. However, with improper maintenance, violation of temperature conditions, water balance, and improperly selected lighting, it is likely that diseases and pests will appear on myrtle. Myrtle is most often affected by scale insects, aphids, whiteflies, mealybugs, thrips, and spider mites.
Signs of damage by various pests:
- in case of defeat scale insect a sticky coating appears on the leaves;
- light formation in the form of fluff on leaves and twigs indicates the appearance mealybug;
- thrips cause the appearance of light spots on the upper side of the sheet and dark spots on the bottom;
- when aphids leaves dry and curl;
- the formation of a white cobweb on the underside of the leaf indicates damage to the flower spider mite.
Planting and propagation
Myrtle is propagated in two ways - seed and vegetative (cuttings). Both methods give good results, but with the vegetative method, flowering occurs much earlier compared to the seed method. Propagation by cuttings is the only method of maintaining cultivars. Propagation by seeds does not guarantee preservation varietal characteristics. Due to slow growth, grow quickly large plant will not work.
Many people give up the idea of growing myrtle from scratch and purchase an adult flower, since the purchased plant is sufficient large sizes, with a formed crown. Those who bought myrtle in flower shops receive advice and recommendations from specialists on care and replanting after purchase, and pruning. Despite its capricious nature, the plant reproduces well, planting myrtle is quite simple, but difficulties arise in ensuring comfortable, optimal maintenance.
Propagation by cuttings
For this method, cuttings of 6–10 cm are cut from the lower and middle parts of the crown from semi-lignified annual growths. The lower cut is made under the bud at the place of leaf attachment. To minimize moisture loss, some of the leaves on the cuttings are cut off at the base, except for the top ones, which are shortened by half. Select wide, low containers filled with an earthen mixture of equal parts of leaf soil and sand.
The cuttings are planted in a moist substrate to a depth of 4–6 cm, at a distance of 5–10 cm from each other, and sprayed. The box with cuttings is covered with transparent film or glass to create a greenhouse effect. Keep the cuttings in a cool room at a temperature of +16...+20 C, with diffused light. Periodically, the container is opened for ventilation to avoid rotting of the cuttings.
Rooting of cuttings occurs by the end of the first month. The first sign of successful rooting is the appearance of new leaves. Next, the cuttings are planted in separate flower pots up to 7–10 cm high with an earthen substrate made of equal parts of sand, turf, peat, humus soil. Water young plants abundantly.
The next transplant, into a more spacious pot, is carried out when the roots of the plant completely fill the flower container.
Myrtle is propagated by cuttings in winter (January-February) and in summer - in July. Myrtle grown from cuttings blooms for 3–4 years.
Propagation by seeds
The process is quite labor-intensive and less effective compared to the vegetative one. To get a new plant from seeds, you need to be patient. Prepare a wide container for sowing, with an earthen mixture of peat and sand in equal parts. Myrtle seeds are placed on the surface of the soil at some distance from each other, and sprinkled with a thin layer of substrate on top. The container is covered with a transparent lid (glass, polyethylene), kept in a warm, bright room at a temperature of +18...+20 C. Ventilate daily, removing the lid for 20–30 minutes to avoid acidification of the soil. The soil should be moderately moist; it is highly undesirable to overdry the soil.
The first shoots when myrtle is propagated by seeds appear by the end of the second week or even earlier.
After the formation of two true leaves, the seedlings are transplanted into individual pots of appropriate size. The earth mixture for picking is prepared from equal parts of turf, peat soil, humus and sand. Stunting after transplantation is a common occurrence for young seedlings. Adapting to a new place, they begin to grow again.
The next transplant is carried out only after the flower pot is completely filled with horses. IN further care for young plants is identical to an adult. Myrtle grown from seeds blooms in the fifth year of life.
Myrtle seeds
Transfer
At home, myrtle is transplanted in the spring. Young trees are replanted annually, then the procedure is repeated if necessary. The first sign of the need for replanting is the appearance of roots from drainage holes flower pot.
For the myrtle transplant procedure, prepare a more spacious pot compared to the previous flower container. The edges of the pot should not extend beyond the crown of the plant. It is necessary to remove the entire root system from the pot together with the earthen ball without damaging it. To do this, the flower is not watered for several days. Holding the plant firmly by the base at the roots, turn the pot over and remove the root ball. The lower roots are carefully released from the ground. A drainage layer is placed at the bottom of the flower container and sprinkled with earth. The plant is lowered into a pot and covered with soil. It is necessary to ensure that the base of the trunk does not go deep into the soil.
The transplantation procedure can stop the growth of the plant; to adapt, the flower is placed in a warm, shaded place.
Transplanting myrtle after purchase
After purchasing, the myrtle must be replanted. Replacing the soil with a new one, more nutritious and enriched with nutrients, will benefit the plant and allow it to grow faster.
Before replanting, you need to carefully monitor the soil moisture - ideal condition 2-3 days after watering. A dried earthen ball will be easier to remove from the pot without damaging the root system. When you remove the myrtle from the pot, be sure to hold it by the bottom of the trunk close to the ground. If it is difficult for the earthen ball to come out of the pot due to overgrown roots, then you should take a sharp tool (for example, a knife) and carefully walk it along the walls of the pot.
The diameter of the pot should be a couple of centimeters larger than the previous one. Drainage is poured onto the bottom (for example, expanded clay), prepared soil is added and the plant is planted, leaving the root collar on the surface. Then the newly planted plant is watered abundantly, and the remaining water is drained from the pan.
Application in medicine
In alternative medicine, the beneficial healing properties of myrtle have been known since ancient times and are used quite widely. Thanks to the presence of a large amount of essential oil and other useful components, myrtle has gained fame as an excellent healer. Myrtle oil is widely used throughout the world and is used in many areas of medicine. Decoctions, inhalations, lotions and tinctures of myrtle are useful for various ailments, prevention and prevention of diseases and inflammation of the female genital, genitourinary, digestive and respiratory systems. You can make decoctions, infusions and tinctures from indoor myrtle at home. It is better to buy essential oil in pharmacies.
Medicinal and beneficial properties of myrtle
Preparations based on the plant (myrtle oil, tincture, decoction) provide:
- astringent;
- wound healing;
- hemostatic;
- antitumor;
- antitoxic;
- anti-inflammatory;
- painkiller;
- and antiviral effect.
The healing properties of myrtle are used for inflammatory diseases of the digestive system (gastritis, ulcers, colic), since preparations based on myrtle have an astringent, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effect.
Myrtle oil, as an infusion for external and internal use, perfectly helps with various seasonal viral and colds. If you have a sore throat, runny nose, sore throat, or flu, it is good to be near the plant, since by releasing phytoncides, myrtle destroys pathogenic microbes, increasing immunity and overall body resistance. When you have a cold, it is useful to chew a couple of myrtle leaves several times a day, this will strengthen your immune system and help you cope with the disease faster.
The calming and analgesic properties of myrtle essential oil for headaches and migraines are very effective.
The plant can be classified as a natural antibiotic, since it contains myrtilin. Myrtle has powerful antibacterial, antiviral and immunostimulating effects.
Contraindications
Unique in its healing properties, myrtle has a number of contraindications. Preparations based on it are not recommended for use during pregnancy, during breastfeeding, with individual intolerance to the components of the oil, as well as for elderly people.
When planning the location of a flower in an apartment, it is highly recommended not to place a flower pot at the head of the bed. The plant can cause sleep disturbances.
Use in cooking
Common myrtle and its cultivated varieties are widely used in different countries with different culinary traditions. It is used as an additive in the preparation of many dishes and drinks. Jam is made from fresh fruits and berries and liqueur is made. Dried fruits are added during production sausages. Myrtle leaves, along with bay leaves, are added to pickles and marinades. The bark and branches of the tree are used to cook meat and fish on the grill or fire; they give the dish a unique aroma. Use the plant as a seasoning for dishes with caution. large quantities it gives the dish a bitter taste.
Application in cosmetology
The beneficial properties of myrtle are widely used in cosmetology. Having a tonic, anti-inflammatory, soothing, nourishing, strengthening effect, myrtle oil is used in various cosmetic preparations. Oil-based creams are excellent for the treatment and prevention of oily, porous, acne-prone skin. The oil allows you to eliminate and prevent the appearance of rosacea, the appearance of clearly defined blood vessels on the skin of the face. The oil nourishes, moisturizes and evens out skin color, gives it a healthy appearance, and relieves inflammation. Myrtle oil - an indispensable tool with increased sweating, seborrhea, weak, brittle and falling hair. Thanks to its strengthening properties, it is possible to significantly reduce hair loss, strengthen hair follicles, improve their structure and general condition.
Application in landscape design
Common myrtle will fit perfectly into any home interior. Thanks to its disinfecting properties, it is ideal for children's and children's game room. The myrtle tree with its capricious nature is suitable only for true lovers of ornamental southern plants. At home, with some experience and a good supply of patience, you can form a crown of a certain shape over the course of several years. Optimal comfortable conditions can transform evergreen tree into a lush, beautifully flowering plant. Currently, in specialized flower shops you can buy myrtle bonsai - a ready-made, formed miniature tree.
Small-leaved myrtle
Today it is the most unusual and unique plant, which is usually classified as a genus of evergreen woody flowers. Its unusual name comes from Latin language"Myrtus". At the moment, there are more than 40 varieties of this flower. When flowering, small white flowers appear on the plant. The leaves contain essential oils, which are often used for medical and cosmetic purposes. A small sprig of myrtle is considered the main symbol of calm, tranquility and peace!
The native regions of the Mediterranean and the Azores, which are located in the northern part of Africa, are considered to be the birthplace of myrtle. In nature, the plant can reach from 3 to 5 meters in height. But bred for breeding at home special types, the size of which spruce is 1 meter.
Myrtle will not only be an excellent decoration for any interior, but will help bring an atmosphere of calm and comfort to your home. With proper care of the flower, it will become a faithful companion for many years, whose development is a pleasure to watch.
So, what needs to be taken into account when growing myrtle at home?
Landing
Planting myrtle quite an easy procedure. It is best to use cuttings for this (a huge number of troubles can arise with seeds).
The cutting will be able to take root very quickly if it is placed in a container of water. As soon as the first shoots begin to appear, you can start planting the flower.
If you pluck the cuttings in the middle or end of the spring season, you significantly increase the likelihood that after planting the plant, the myrtle will grow lush and healthy.
Typically, plant growth can last from 3 to 5 years.
Location and lighting
After the myrtle has been planted, you need to think about where to place it in the house. The most suitable option there may be window sills that will be located from the west or east. If this is not possible, and you have to place the flower on the south side, then it is necessary to protect the plant from direct rays of the sun. Otherwise, the myrtle will not bloom, and its leaves will quickly fade.
It is believed that myrtle tolerates natural light well. But still, you need to be careful. If exposed to the sun for a long time, the plant may get sick and die. It is for this reason that in summer time you need to worry about the appropriate location of the flower in the house.
Pot size
When carrying out the replanting procedure, you need to worry about a new pot for myrtle in advance. If the plant has reached its maximum size or will still grow, then it is best to purchase a pot that will be 2-3 times larger than the original one. You need to pay attention to tall and wide plastic pots, because quite often root system The flower grows greatly and begins to go beyond the edges of the pot. At making the right choice With this accessory, such trouble should not happen.
A pot that is too large is also dangerous. In this case, all the liquid will flow to the bottom, and the root system will absorb it. With prolonged exposure to moisture, the process of rotting may begin. Therefore, it is very important to monitor how often the flower is watered.
The soil
If you plan to grow myrtle in the house, then it would be best to prepare the soil, which will consist of turf soil, ordinary sand and humus. Before planting, all components are mixed together in a 1:1:1 ratio.
When purchasing land from a flower shop, preference should be given to soil for palm trees.
Transfer
After the winter cold has passed, the plant must be replanted. Before this procedure, it is necessary to purchase a convenient and correct size pot and prepare the soil, which will promote the active growth of the Mediterranean plant. The soil can be purchased at a specialized store, or you can prepare the soil yourself. Here everyone has the right to decide for themselves.
First of all, drainage is laid out at the bottom of the pot. For this you can use ordinary pebbles or coarse sand. The drainage layer is standard and is at least 3 centimeters. After this, a little soil is poured into the pot and the plant itself is placed. If the roots are not crowded, they do not bend and do not look out of the pot, then you can continue to cover the plant with soil. Do not sprinkle the myrtle trunk too heavily. It should always be level with the top of the pot.
After transplantation, the flower is watered or sprayed. This is done daily until the plant adapts to the new growth conditions.
An adult plant is replanted every 3-4 years.
Fertilizers and fertilizing
Fertilizers and top dressing for myrtle necessary during the period of active flower growth from March to August. To do this, you can purchase the following fertilizers in the store: “Kemira-combi”, “Kemira-universal” or other types of fertilizers that are recommended for feeding house plants.
If the concentration of fertilizer is quite strong, then it can be diluted with plain water.
Proper watering
Myrtle is a very water-loving flower. Therefore, in no case should you allow the soil to dry out too much. If this happens, the roots will instantly react in a negative way, which can significantly affect the overall health of the plant.
It is best to water the world with boiled or settled water, which will not contain lime. Once every 7 days, the flower must be watered with water, to which a little lemon juice or citric acid. If these components are not sufficient in the soil, then the plant's root system may not strengthen properly.
Temperature
This flower is quite resistant to low temperatures. With proper care, it tolerates winter and late autumn well. So, during periods of severe cold, the optimal room temperature for a flower will be considered to be 7-10 degrees Celsius. The only thing you need to take care of is proper watering. Under no circumstances should the soil of the flower be allowed to become dry in winter.
If it is possible to take the plant to a balcony or loggia, then this can be done in the autumn. Only if the mark drops below 7 degrees, the plant will still have to be moved into the room.
If wintering is unsuccessful, myrtle may shed its leaves. But this is not a reason to get rid of the flower. Already in the first half of February, the plant will regain its strength and take on its previous appearance. True, flowering after this may not happen.
Humidity
The flower loves water and water procedures very much. Therefore, it is believed that it can be sprayed almost every day. The only exception is the winter period. At this time of year, watering should be avoided. The air humidity in the room where the myrtle is located should be at least 60%.
Trimming
Pruning this flower is the only way to change its appearance and shape. The most suitable period for this procedure is spring. If you pinch the branches in a timely manner, the plant will be very lush (pinching can be done at any time when the myrtle needs it).
Possible diseases and pests
If you do not monitor the level of air humidity in the room, then myrtle can be affected by pests such as scale insects, spider mite and aphids.
If you want to see how myrtle blooms, then you should not prune it in the spring. This procedure can be carried out only after the process of active flower blooming has ended.
When flowering, flowers grow on the top of the plant. With proper care and proper lighting, active flowering can continue from early June to late July. At this point, it is necessary to ventilate the room and ensure regular spraying of myrtle.
In order for myrtle to bloom every year, it must be fertilized. We mentioned how to do this correctly a little higher.
Plant propagation
By nature, myrtle can reproduce in several ways. These should include:
1. Reproduction using seeds. This procedure must be carried out between March and April. The prepared seeds are scattered on the top of the ground and a little special substrate is poured on top. You will be able to notice the first shoots within 1-2 weeks. The plant sits in the prepared soil only when the first couple of leaves grow.
2. Reproduction by cuttings. It is better to pre-harvest cuttings in May, August or November. Their length should reach 10 centimeters. Bottom leaves must be pruned, and then the cuttings are sent for rooting. After 1-1.5 months, the young plant can be transplanted into a small pot.
Rest period
In myrtle, the dormant period begins at winter time. That is why it is very important not to disturb the plant with the onset of cold weather. It is important to observe the temperature regime (7-10 degrees with the “+” mark), and reduce the amount of watering and spraying.
If there is an excess of moisture, the flower begins to shed its leaves.
In winter, it is also necessary to stop feeding the plant.
Beneficial properties of the plant and toxicity
From the very beginning of its existence, myrtle has been known for its unique and beneficial properties. If we consider it from a medical point of view, it can act as an analogue of antibiotics, since the plant contains bactericidal components. They, in turn, help heal and reduce the symptoms of diseases such as sore throat, flu, prostatitis, migraine and cystitis.
Myrtle can have a beneficial effect on the human immune system. It is recommended to be used as an additional treatment and for preventive purposes.
As for toxicity, there is no confirmation of this fact today. As you know, most myrtle fruits are edible and do not pose any threat to human and animal life.
So, if you are planning to start growing myrtle at home, then you need to know the following facts:
- The plant does not tolerate bright sunlight very well, but it does well with a little shade.
- If there is not enough light, the plant begins to die and shed its leaves.
- The flower is very water-loving, so regular spraying and watering is necessary.
- For an adult myrtle, you need to promptly change the top layer of soil, using mineral fertilizers.
The myrtle tree will be a great decoration for any home! For many years it will favor calm and cozy atmosphere in family!
Most problems with this plant are caused by improper care; myrtle diseases most often manifest themselves in the drying and falling of leaves, and less often in the appearance of spots on them.
IMPORTANT: Myrtle needs frequent but moderate watering and fertilization every summer, regardless of its .
If your myrtle leaves have turned black or the ends of the shoots, then the reason is excessive watering: by constantly flooding the flower, you do not allow the roots to receive oxygen, which leads to their rotting.
This, in turn, has a bad effect on the health of the plant crown.
There are two possible solutions: loosen the soil and water the flower less often, or replant it in drier soil (with a lower content of moisture-intensive components).
ATTENTION! The water in the pan should not stagnate under any circumstances.
If the leaves begin to turn yellow, This means that the myrtle is either overdried as a result of improper watering or dry air, or is in too much sun.
REFERENCE: It feels best on an east or west window. A dried out plant can be revived by providing it with frequent watering. If the reason is still dry air, if possible, move the flower away from the battery and spray it daily with a spray bottle.
What to do if leaves fall off?
If your myrtle suddenly begins to lose leaves, this often happens with, pay attention to the water with which you water it. Settled water is best suited for irrigation, since it no longer contains chlorine, which harms the condition of the leaves. Also, falling leaves may be the result of overdrying; move it to a cooler place.
ATTENTION! Myrtle reacts sharply to dry soil, do not forget to water the plant regularly.
If it started to crumble immediately after purchase, then the reason is the stress experienced by the plant due to a change in conditions. Provide the flower with sufficient air humidity.
REFERENCE: Small young plants can be kept under polyethylene until the condition of the crown improves.
The health of the plant can deteriorate sharply after transplantation, as this is stress for the flower. Provide him with the most proper care, and he will soon recover.
IMPORTANT: Myrtle is evergreen and has no seasonal leaf loss. Therefore, when answering the question why myrtle leaves fall off, look for the reason in improper care or insect pests (they are described in detail below).
What to do if the foliage has dried out?
Most often, the reasons for myrtle drying out lie in improper watering or insufficient air humidity in the room.
Plant demanding watering: The soil in the pot should be slightly moist all the time, otherwise the leaves will dry out and curl.
However, the plant needs to be watered daily. in the autumn-winter period, the frequency of watering can be reduced(unless, of course, the flower is in a hot place). The problem of dry air can be solved by daily spraying; during the heating season, you can place a container of water on the radiator.
ATTENTION: For watering and spraying you should Use only settled water.
Drying can also be caused by excessive feeding; in this case, it is necessary to replant the flower in new soil, washing the roots. This is a risky procedure, but it is the one that can save the plant from death.
Diseases and pests in the photo: 
Impact of temperature
Heat and cold are equally dangerous and can lead to drying out and death of the plant if resuscitation measures are not taken.
As mentioned earlier, for heat and dry air myrtle sheds leaves- what to do to help the plant? You can water and spray the plant daily with a spray bottle; in extreme cases, you can put a plastic bag on the flower to preserve moisture.
It is resistant to air fluctuations and withstands drafts; in addition, in winter it is recommended to keep it in a cool place.
Freezing myrtle is more difficult than drying it. However, such a disaster can happen if you leave the flower near an open window or on the balcony in frosty weather. The reaction to the cold will not be long in coming: most of the leaves will dry out literally within a day.
So what to do if the myrtle dries out? There is a chance to save the plant if the roots have not frozen. The first aid algorithm for a frozen person is as follows: cut off all dried branches, spray living branches with a biostimulant (for example, Epin) and cover with polyethylene.
Pests
It happens that the care is correct, the temperature and humidity are normal, but the plant suffers. What to do if the myrtle has dried up or dropped all its leaves? In the dense crown house plant Many small pests love to settle in.
Myrtle of any kind, and both, are affected by the same insect pests that harm other indoor plants. These are aphids, scale insects, mealybugs, thrips, whiteflies and spider mites.
Aphid settles in colonies on the underside of leaves and feeds on their sap, causing the leaves to curl and dry out. You can get rid of aphids by spraying the plants with a special insecticide (for example, Aktara). Before spraying, remove insects from the leaves by washing the flower in the shower with the crown down. 
Shchitovka, like aphids, they suck sap from plants. Characteristic signs Infestation with scale insects - the appearance of a sticky coating on leaves and shoots. If you find scale insects on a flower, you need to remove them with a cloth or soft toothbrush dipped in a soap solution, and then treat the plant with an insecticide (Actellik is recommended). 
Mealybug It is clearly visible on plants and can be identified by the white fluffy coating on the leaves and branches. Detected pests must be removed, and the plant itself must be watered with Aktara. 
IMPORTANT: Insecticides are very toxic; strictly follow the concentration indicated in the instructions.
Trips- a small insect, the presence of which can be determined by light spots on the upper side of the leaves and dark dots on the back. Thrips harm not only the leaves, but also the buds, so if you want myrtle to delight you with abundant flowering, you need to get rid of thrips as soon as possible. Folk method- water the plant with infusion of garlic or tobacco dust, but more effective way— treatment with “Aktellik”. 
Whitefly looks like a small moth, settles in colonies on inside leaves and feeds on plant sap, like an aphid.
Whitefly larvae are covered with a coating through which chemicals do not penetrate, making it difficult to combat this pest. Adults are removed from the leaves by hand, then the flower is thoroughly wiped with soapy water. After this, the plant must be treated with Actellik.
Spider mite forms a cobweb on the shoots of myrtle, you can get rid of it by thoroughly wiping the leaves and branches and spraying the flower with an infusion of tobacco dust or the same “Aktellik”.
So, it is affected by many insect pests, but fortunately, you can get rid of all of them using systemic insecticides. The main cause of diseases of indoor myrtle is neglect of watering and spraying.
Also in our article you learned about how to care, how to replant, what to do if the myrtle dries out, why the leaves of the plant fall off? Follow the rules of care, and myrtle will feel great.
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