How to attach the bowstring of a wooden ladder. How to attach stringers to staircase elements. Fastening steps to a metal frame with self-tapping screws

|| Simple stairs || Stairs with bowstrings || Stairs with stringers ||Spiral staircases || Side-less (hanging) stairs ||External stairs ||Railing for stairs ||Finishing stairs || Staircase lighting ||Staircase repair ||Use of the under-staircase space

Opening in the interfloor ceiling	Making a one-flight staircase on bowstrings	Methods for attaching steps to a string	Making a flight of stairs
Installation of a flight of stairs	Rotary staircase with intermediate platform	Stairs with bowstrings and winder steps

There are several ways to attach your feet to the bowstring. The most in a simple way the steps can be secured using support bars or corners (see Fig. 66, c, e). To do this, nail or screw along the tread line to the bowstring wooden blocks or metal corners with holes for screws. The steps are attached to support bars or corners using screws. Despite the fact that this method is the simplest, it is rarely used in practice. A flight of stairs made using this method looks rough and can be placed in utility rooms or other places where high aesthetic requirements are not imposed on the stairs. In our opinion, the implementation of this method is available home handyman without high qualifications, so we will not dwell on it in detail. Sometimes the steps are simply attached to the bowstring and secured with screws screwed in from the front side (Fig. 66, d). This method is called end-mounting. But in this case, the fastening strength is low, since the steps are held in place only by screws. Therefore, this method can be used only in exceptional cases when other fastening is impossible. The loads on such steps should be minimal. The fastening method using a secret groove made in the bowstring helps to avoid this drawback (Fig. 66, b). In this case, the step receives additional emphasis on the edges of the groove and the possible load on such a step increases.

Fastening in groove with remainder(Fig. 66, a) is quite reliable. To do this, two counter grooves are cut out in the string and the steps, with the help of which fastening is performed. The advantages of this method include its greater reliability. In addition, the strings of such a ladder will never come apart during operation. Essentially, this method is a transitional option from a ladder with bowstrings to a ladder with stringers. Appearance such a staircase will look more like a staircase with stringers. The disadvantages of this method include the artificial lowering of the load-bearing capacity of the step and string due to counter-grooves. When loads are applied to the step from the groove side, the wood fibers may peel off, and half of the step may break off. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to additionally secure the front edges of the steps. Therefore, despite the apparent advantages of the method of fastening into a groove with a remainder, it is not used very often. The installation of railings in such a staircase is carried out according to the methods of fastening to stairs with stringers (that is, not to a bowstring, but to a stringer, which will be discussed later).

Fastening steps using various tenon joints are shown in Fig. 74. Such connections are called middle knitting. Despite the complexity of manufacturing, these connections are durable and have improved aesthetic qualities compared to the methods described above. Let's look at them in more detail.

Rice. 74. :
a - in a wide groove; b - in a narrow groove with one shoulder; c - into a narrow groove with two shoulder pads; g - award with one shoulder pad;
d - reward with two shoulder pads; e - reward with flat spikes; g - using dowels

Connecting steps using dowels(Fig. 74, g) is considered the least labor-intensive. But in this case, the load-bearing capacity of the steps will be determined only by the strength of the dowels and walls of the sockets in the steps. Therefore, this method can only be used when large loads will not be applied to the steps of the stairs. The diameter of the dowels in this case should be maximum (8-10 mm), and their number on one side of the step should be at least three. Dowels should extend into solid wood at a distance of at least 20 mm.

Connecting steps using spikes(Fig. 74, e) more durable. But difficulties in accurately marking spikes and sockets impose certain restrictions on its use. The strength of the steps in this case will be determined by the strength of the spikes made in their sides and must comply with regulatory requirements.

Connected to the award with one or two shoulder pads(Fig. 74, d, e), made in the form of a beveled solid spike (dovetail type), holds the bowstrings so that they do not diverge in different sides. With this method, there is no need to perform additional fastening of the flight of stairs to prevent possible divergence of the bowstrings. However, the use of the award fastening method is limited by the fact that the step tenon can only be inserted into the bowstring groove from the side position. Therefore, this method can only be used in flights of stairs made without a reference line of bowstrings.

Narrow groove joints with one or two shoulders(Fig. 74, b, c) are quite effective. But they are used less often due to the fact that they have to perform additional work for the manufacture of shoulder pads, which also weaken the strength of the steps.

Wide groove connection(Fig. 74, a) is devoid of all the previously mentioned disadvantages and therefore is used most often. Therefore, in the future we will talk about this connection, calling it simply a groove connection. With this method, the step with its end fits into a groove made in the bowstring, providing a sufficiently large bearing capacity flight of stairs.

So, if you decide to attach the steps to the groove, then you should make precise markings. The boundary of the groove should be taken as the line of the tread made when marking the bowstring. A piece of board with a width and thickness equal to the corresponding dimensions of the steps can serve as a template for marking. For it, you can use the segment obtained during the manufacture of steps. To mark, the template is applied to the line of the bowstring obtained during preliminary marking, and traced with a pencil, obtaining the contours of the groove.

A flight of stairs can be made with or without risers. IN in this case the riser is not a mandatory part of the flight of stairs and its production is dictated the following conditions. If children use the stairs, then between the elements of the flight of stairs there should be no gaps exceeding 10-15 cm. Therefore, in order to prevent the child from sticking his head between two steps, the space between them is completely or partially covered with a riser (Fig. 75) (called sometimes muted).

Rice. 75. :
1 - riser; 2 - tread; 3 - bowstring (kosour); 4 - railing post; 5 - connection of the riser with the tread (in a narrow groove)

In addition, a solid riser can serve as an additional reinforcement of the step against sagging if the thickness of the board from which the step is made is insufficient. The presence of a solid riser makes the flight of stairs closed, so accidentally fallen objects and debris cannot fall through the gaps in the flight. But most often the installation of risers is dictated by purely aesthetic considerations. If you decide to make a staircase with risers, then their marking and fastening can be done using all the methods we have listed for steps. If the strength of the steps is sufficient, then to simplify the design of the stairs, you can omit the grooves for the risers, limiting yourself to attaching them to the step and to the “end” with a bowstring. The length of the riser in this case will be less than the length of the step by twice the distance at which the step enters the groove of the bowstring. Such a riser should be placed symmetrically relative to the step.

Installing a wooden staircase is not difficult, even beginners can handle it perfectly Wooden stairs are the most common option staircase structures leading to the second floor of a two-story mansion, cottage, or even a yacht on a pontoon. The individuality of wood gives a home its uniqueness and unique character. In addition, a wooden staircase fills the house with notes of warmth and comfort, which cannot be said about staircases made of stone or metal. But besides positive points, the wooden staircase also has its own negative sides– they are more susceptible to damage and wear than others.

Step-by-step installation of wooden stairs

Before you begin installing stairs to the second floor, it would be correct to first process all the component parts of the product. For this purpose, antiseptic agents are used that protect the tree from fungi and various infections. Varnishes, paints and drying oils can give the stairs a more aesthetic appearance. After all this, the wood needs to be thoroughly dried.

Installing a wooden staircase is step by step process. The first step is to collect parts to which access will later be limited. Then the internal parts are installed.

First you need to decide on the appearance of the staircase, the type of its construction and, of course, the location

Installers can assemble the stairs, but to save money, you can do it yourself. This is usually done by two people. First, determine the location of the staircase and its appearance. If the hall has a large enough space, then the staircase can be placed in the center of the room, so it can serve as an interior decoration. If the space is not large, then it is better to make the structure modest and compact. After all this, you can begin assembling the staircase itself.

Step-by-step installation of stairs:

• Install wall stringers; for this purpose, holes are drilled in the wall and secured using wood grouse or dowels;
• We assemble the outer string or bowstring. Here all parts are attached to liquid nails;
• Installation of steps. They are bolted to the supporting stringers;
• Fencing assembly. Installation and fastening of railings.

When assembling a ladder with your own hands, you must comply with all the requirements stipulated by GOST. You also need to take into account the strength of the floor on which your stairs will be located and possible loads. The smallest load your ladder should withstand is 400 kg.

How to attach a ladder to a wall

You need to attach the ladder to the wall so that it is reliable and durable; the safety of operation will depend on this. The methods of attachment are also different. They depend on the type of your staircase, its weight and type, as well as on the material from which the walls and the staircase itself are made.

You can attach the ladder to the wall using different fastening systems. Each mount requires non-standard solutions and individual approach.

The ladder must be able to support your weight when going up and down between floors. Therefore, what material the wall is made of is very important. It is recommended to attach stairs to walls made of concrete or brick, in a word, to load-bearing walls or to the strongest walls of the house. The structure cannot be mounted on plasterboard walls.

The process of installing a staircase structure should be approached competently, since the safety of the future staircase will depend on this

There are types of fasteners:

• Spiky;
• Mechanical;
• Glue.

For more reliable fixation, the elements are glued before fastening. The main safety factor for a staircase is not only the material from which your structure is made, but the quality of the fasteners.

Load-bearing staircase pillar: how to fix it to the floor

When building a staircase, the main task is to make it strong, reliable and durable. To do this you need to install correctly bearing structures stairs. They can be a stringer, a bowstring or a supporting pole.

It is necessary to fasten the staircase post, like the stringer, efficiently. After all, they will support the entire heavy staircase structure.

The main fastener for poles is a screw - a hairpin. Thanks to its hardened metal rod, the ladder post will be securely fastened. For the job you will also need other tools: drill, drills and wrenches.

You can make a staircase reliable and durable if you install the supporting structures correctly

Ladder post fastening diagram:

• First, we drill holes in the post and in the base;
• We tighten the screw - hairpin into the base with a key;
• Then we install the post on a screw - a hairpin and insert it into the gearbox;
• The gearbox mark should look down and coincide with the very axis of the screw - stud;
• Use a hex wrench to tighten the post to the base;
• We close the hole with the gearbox with a wooden plug.

Attaching a ladder post to the floor is not simple task. But using new ideas and materials, you can do this quickly and easily.

How often do wooden stairs need repairs?

One of the problems that all residents of private houses face is the repair of wooden stairs. It wears out quickly if a large number of people climb and descend on it, doing this quite often. The structure is deteriorating.

Repair of wooden stairs can be cosmetic, routine or major. The type of repairs you make depends on the extent of the damage to the staircase.

Cosmetic repairs are painting the stairs and improving their appearance. Maintenance, mainly performed in case of breakdown individual elements your design. A major overhaul is a complete reconstruction of the staircase. It is performed if the main part of the staircase is dismantled.

A wooden staircase requires constant care, because its functionality and appearance depend on it

Main indications for overhaul stairs:

• The steps and the entire structure as a whole creak;
• The railings are wobbly;
• The steps are bent or broken;
• The array of stringers has rotted;
• The bowstring cracked;
• The balusters were damaged.

In order to repair the structure, you need to dismantle the damaged parts of the lift, or the stairs as a whole, and replace them with new ones.

DIY installation of a wooden staircase (video)

Wooden stairs are usually more troublesome than stone or wooden stairs. You can manufacture and install such stairs, as well as repair them, yourself, or you can take a price list and choose an organization that will perform these works in your home. Choose an organization that is licensed for this type of work. After all, in the case of a poorly made staircase, you can file a lawsuit against this organization.

Wooden steps should be attached to a concrete staircase in such a way that the created structure ensures safe movement along it. At the same time, the structure itself should not be knocked out of existing interior, but fit harmoniously into it. Let's figure out how to achieve this.

Wooden steps - we will improve the concrete staircase>

Concrete staircase structures are rightfully considered to be the most durable and reliable. Such structures last for many decades and can withstand heavy loads without problems. You can build them yourself by building them using publicly available and inexpensive Construction Materials– sand, cement, crushed stone. The disadvantage of any concrete staircase is that it does not look the best in terms of appearance. in the best possible way. This problem can be easily solved. You can decorate the building with any decorative material, starting from natural stone and tiles, and ending with fibreboards or natural wood.

Wooden staircase

Owners of private houses most often use solid wood for cladding staircase structures made of concrete. It's not cheap. But also the results finishing works, made using this material, turn out amazing without the slightest exaggeration. The use of wood allows you to create a special atmosphere of luxury and chic in your home. Finishing the stairs with solid wood also has a number of important advantages. Natural material:

• perfectly protects the structure from operational damage (concrete spalling):
• makes it possible to mask base defects;
• accumulates heat;
• causes pleasant tactile sensations (wood is very pleasant to the touch).

Caring for wooden steps is quite simple. Moreover, their service life is estimated at many years. True, for this you will have to take care of the material in advance - treat it with special impregnations that protect the products from the sun and moisture.

Choosing the type of wood for finishing - what are the options?

You can refine a concrete staircase different wood. The cheapest option is solid pine. Such products are easy to process with your own hands, they are light in weight, which facilitates the process of installing steps. But you need to understand that pine boards are not ideal in terms of strength properties. With intensive use of stairs, they quickly fail and lose their attractive appearance. The durability of pine structures is also negatively affected by the variable indoor microclimate. Boards dry out and become loose with temperature changes, and also lose their initial properties under the influence of moisture.

Wood for arranging steps

For these reasons, steps are most often made of walnut, oak, maple, larch, beech and birch. If your budget for finishing the stairs is unlimited, you can choose more expensive types of wood - iroko, lapacha, merbau, wenge, teak. Their exotic appearance is complemented by excellent performance characteristics.The most durable products are made from beech. Steps made from this wood are built to last for centuries.. But processing beech wood is very difficult. It is almost impossible to cope with this material on your own. You may have a lot of problems when installing steps from it.

It's easier to work with oak boards. In terms of strength, they are not much inferior to beech wood, but they are much easier to process.

There is also a problem here - the high cost of solid oak. Not everyone can afford to purchase such finishing material. concrete stairs. There is an exit! Instead of oak products, you can use those made from larch. They are cheaper in price, and in most respects they are identical to solid oak. Choose the material for cladding structures taking into account your financial capabilities and personal preferences, and then you can get a staircase in your home that is impeccable in all respects. It will decorate the interior of your home and give you a feeling of comfort.

Installation of steps - start with a concrete base and substrate

The first step is preparing the concrete base. If the staircase was built by professionals, there will, of course, be no significant defects on its surface. In this case, you just need to level the base using easy-to-use. If there are noticeable differences in height on the surface of the structure, you will have to do additional work on the stairs. You will have to install a special underlay under each step. It is made from plywood. Such a substrate and concrete base will be able to properly level and, in addition, will protect the structure from mechanical loads, acting as a shock absorber.

Installation of steps

You need to purchase 1–1.5 cm thick plywood sheets, cut out substrates from them, focusing on the size of the steps. Then prime the surface of the stairs well, apply to pieces of plywood (with reverse side) wood glue and mount them in the intended place. Be sure to check the correct position of the substrates on the staircase structure with a building level. The plywood should be additionally secured. Glue will not be enough to securely fix the substrates to concrete steps. Fastening plywood products is usually done with dowels. They are installed on both sides of the steps. Decide for yourself the number of hardware required, remembering that the plywood must adhere firmly to the base.

Installation and fastening of “clothing” for the stairs - we do it together

Now cut the treads and risers from your chosen wood, focusing on the dimensions of the staircase. Installation wooden products always starts from the bottom of the structure according to the following scheme:

1. Drill three holes at the bottom of the riser (at the end). Their depth is taken to be about 1.5 cm, their cross-section is no more than 0.5 cm. The holes should be located in the middle of the riser and on both sides.
2. Screw 6mm diameter bolts into the holes made. They will play the role of anchors. Their ends must protrude above the structure by about 7–8 mm.
3. Bite off (cut off with a grinder) the bolt heads.
4. Place the riser to the first step (to its end), mark on the floor the places where the anchors fall, and drill holes in the marked areas. Then you need to fill the resulting “holes” with resin (epoxy).
5. Mount the riser in the designated place. fasten this element to the plywood substrate using liquid nails. Coat a piece of plywood with this adhesive, and then carefully place the riser on it (the screwed-in anchor bolts must be inserted into the holes that were made on the floor).

Arrangement wooden steps

Some craftsmen fasten risers and plywood with universal self-tapping screws or suitable sized nails. This option can also be used. But such work should be carried out as carefully as possible so as not to damage the wood and fairly thin plywood products. The next step is installing the tread. To do this, you need to cut a special groove in it. It will be located at the joining point of the end (upper) of the already mounted riser and the installed tread.

Now everything is easier. Attach the next riser to the second end of the mounted tread (it must be secured with self-tapping screws). Then coat the groove and plywood backing with adhesive and install the first stage. To ensure that it grips well, it is advisable to place something heavy on it. The remaining steps are installed in a similar manner. After installing the wooden steps, be sure to fill any gaps and sand them. After sanding, you can treat the wood with stain. When it dries, apply varnish to the steps. The latter is usually used three times. Varnish the steps once, wait for the composition to dry, then repeat the procedure twice.

As you can see, there are no serious difficulties with the process of finishing a concrete staircase with wood. The main thing is to adhere to the described recommendations and correctly attach the steps using liquid nails and other hardware (nails, screws, dowels). The result of your work will be a chicly designed concrete staircase.

Stairs between floors in country houses equipped with load-bearing beams, which are kosour or bowstring. Both designs are quite reliable, but differ in the way the steps are attached to the beams. A staircase with a bowstring, in which the steps need to be attached to the internal grooves, adapts best to the surrounding interior.

External part hides the joining points, which does not spoil the appearance of the structure. The appearance of the staircase is flat and inclined, the steps are located with their ends between the boards. You can buy a ready-made wooden or metal stringer with a jagged edge, and the fastening is carried out on the teeth for the boards.

The size of a ladder with a stringer is more compact, but less reliable. Owners of multi-storey housing choose different ways, how to attach steps to the string of a wooden staircase, making them open or closed, with the organization of a riser. You can always buy finished project, but if desired, all work can be done with your own hands.

Ladder with a bowstring

The staircase will be more reliable and convenient during active use if the fence is secured to it with balusters. Each support column is attached vertically to the handrail, connecting at the bottom with the beam in increments of no more than 15 centimeters. Such fastening is necessary for the safe placement of the fence and a minimum margin of safety.

Installation of a wooden staircase can be done independently in a short time, but it is necessary to carefully select the wood for the structure to prevent cracking and release of resin over time. Reliable material and competent calculations allow you to install the ladder on for a long time, and none of the parts will let the owner down in terms of service life. Railings and platforms, flights of stairs to any floor must be secured with balusters, so the installation of this element is especially important.

You can fasten balusters on stairs that have a bowstring at their base anywhere, since the fastening is done not on a step, but on a beam. Typically, installation of racks is done with outside in the sidewall load-bearing beam. In this case, screws are used, which are screwed into the grooves and covered with decorative dowels. A baluster is attached to the lamella over the edge through a board the size of which is larger than the bowstring. Such a baluster has a groove at the bottom that fits onto the bowstring. The racks are screwed on top of this structure using self-tapping screws.

Experts recommend fastening the structure when attaching it to the bowstring with wood glue (joining them), and fastening it with clamps. Balusters are placed on the beam using dowels and round tenons for fastening. It is necessary to first make a hole in the rack for them, avoiding any backlash. The dowels are inserted tightly into the racks and fixed with an adhesive solution. The string and the railing are connected by the lower parts of the dowels.

How to attach the stands to the bowstring?

The racks must be secured to the surface of the support beam with studs. This will require regular drill and a miter saw. The materials you will need are the bowstring itself, fencing posts, galvanized studs with a thread of at least M6, and PVA glue in a tube. Typical work sequence:

• It is necessary to mark the places for attaching the railings in the form of racks. If selected complex design, it is recommended that the project be checked by professionals;
• It is recommended to securely fasten the stand and cut off its lower corners, maintaining the angle of the inclined beam;
• Make holes with a diameter of 12 mm for a length of 80 mm;
• Sink the studs into adhesive composition and insert into the holes, leaving 7 centimeters outside;
• Make holes in the bowstring; to do this, the drill bit needs to be secured to 14 mm. Work depth – 10cm;
• The balusters are inserted with pins, and the fixation process starts from the outer pillars.

The step is attached to the string of the staircase by insertion or mounting on supporting parts. These include special bars that are attached to the beam using screws on the tread. The tread itself is attached to the supports with the same screws.

Some experts recommend merging the step. In this case, short bars are used for gluing, which makes the surface not solid, but with longitudinal and transverse seams. You can join them in a checkerboard pattern, which is reminiscent of parquet joining.

The option of arranging a staircase with steps embedded in the bowstring with grooves 2 cm deep is allowed. It is necessary to first mark them, retreating from the edge of the edge, and then insert a tread with a riser inside. The easiest way is to screw the board in from the end with a screw.

The staircase and its string will be reliable and safe if the strings are joined on the balusters. In this case, the beam has several sections, the fastening of which is made in the baluster grooves.

The entire incoming load from the top of the stairs is transferred to the fence posts, so during operation the entire structure becomes a single system. The balusters, step and string will be interconnected. The choice of step type does not affect the strength of the structure, but if the steps are joined together, the surface characteristics will be significantly improved.

Methods for attaching steps to a string ladder

Mortise mount

You can make a mortise-type fastening yourself using a drill and manual frezer, chisel and jigsaw, screwdriver. It is also worth preparing screws, plywood, wood slats, risers and treads.

1. The string needs to be marked with a plywood template, in which the tread is cut with or without a riser to the size of the march;
2. Draw a reference line indented from the edge of the edge by 50mm;
3. Make a fastening for guide rails that slide along the top of the board. The template is moved along the material so that the tops of the zigzag steps are located along the reference line;
4. Grooves are made in the bowstring, with the obligatory observance of the angle to the location of the fibers of the material. Reliable way make the correct groove - use a stencil with a hole in the plywood. In this case, you can do it with a jigsaw and drill right size holes;
5. The beam is placed on the trestles, a stencil is placed on top of it so that the tread matches, and a fastening is made;
6. Using a router in a clockwise direction, cut a groove 20 cm deep, after which the corners are processed with a chisel;
7. Having made the required number of grooves, the staircase is assembled, each step in the groove is coated with glue;
8. The risers and treads must be secured with a screw, each step from the outside is attached with screws to the string. A decorative plug is installed on top of the fastener.

Fastening with supports

Fastening steps using metal supports does not require milling. The only tools you will need are a hammer and a drill, nails, screws and metal corners. You need to mark the tread according to a plywood template, then fasten the support block with nails. The metal corners are secured with screws using prepared holes. Each step is connected to the supporting element with a screw.

A staircase with a one-sided string, when the function of the second is performed by the wall, is made as a fastening for steps and balusters. To do this, you need to make a bowstring in which to cut mortise grooves with a router. Treads and risers are assembled into steps. The bottom of the step is attached to a groove on the support beam on one side, and to the baluster on the other.

The lower racks are secured to the floor with bolts, connecting the base of the lower step to them with screws. The second stage is installed, fixed to the fence post (handrail). The back of the bottom step is needed to support the front of the next step, and the middle is fixed to the posts. This principle works for all steps in the ladder.

Quite often people install wooden stairs in their homes. This design is characterized by a long service life, reliability and high strength characteristics. Don't forget about aesthetic beauty.

Installing a staircase requires accurate calculation of design parameters and compliance with all installation rules.

At first glance, installing stairs of this type may seem like a simple task. There are no special parts or mechanisms here. Simple railing and the steps themselves are combined into a single structure. However, installing it is actually quite difficult, since during the installation process you have to deal with numerous nuances that must be taken into account. So, let's look at how to install a ladder.

Scheme of a wooden staircase.

But first, about the necessary supplies for work:

• roulette;
• hacksaw;
• square;
• grinder;
• perforator;
• hammer;
• level and others.

Installation of wooden stairs

Even behind such a simple design there is a very complex technological process. It is best if such work is entrusted to specialists. They will decorate the house with the highest quality and in the shortest possible time. However, in this situation, numerous unforeseen expenses may arise. Installing a wooden staircase for your home with your own hands - best option solving the problem.

A lot depends on how well the wooden staircase is installed near the house. First of all, this concerns the operation and reliability of the design. If the installation is carried out incorrectly, that is, a person does not adhere to the technology, this can lead to a change in the aesthetic appearance, as well as damage.

When installing a wooden staircase for your home, you must adhere to the following rules:

Table showing proper design of stair treads.

1. It is best to carry out the installation by specialists who work for an organization that designs stairs. In this case, they will be responsible for their construction.
2. The installation of the structure is carried out in the place that was originally described in the contract, since all structural elements are made for it.
3. The ladder must be transported to its destination disassembled. In this case, the likelihood of damage to its structural elements is reduced. In this case, the installation of the structure is made from ready-made components.
4. If a person applies for work to a company that makes ready-made flights of stairs, then he will definitely first need to make grooves in the mounting beams for their installation.
5. Only after the railings have been finally adjusted to the floor level can you begin to install the flights of stairs. When adjusting the lower string, it is imperative to take into account the fact that flooring can be laid on the floor.
6. Before you begin installing a flight of stairs, you must make a fence. Only after it is perfectly matched to the future design can further work be continued.
7. To obtain durable and reliable design It is imperative to screw the marches onto self-tapping screws. This makes the structure more durable and rigid. They are fastened in several places around the perimeter, connected through a support post and through a bowstring to the wall.

Methods of fastening structural parts

Options for attaching steps to the string.

Let's look at how the main elements of the staircase are fastened. Any structure that is installed at home or near it has the same structure.

Moreover we're talking about not necessarily about a wooden staircase. There are always inclined parts and steps here. Another way to call them flights of stairs and platforms. Depending on how the spans are organized, the structures can be single-flight, double-flight or three-flight. There are several different methods for attaching steps:

• they can rest on the bowstrings at both ends;
• one end is attached to the stringer, and the other to the wall;
• one end is embedded in the wall, and the other hangs freely; this method cannot always be used; it is only appropriate if the thickness of the wall is very large.

Methods of attaching steps to a stringer.

Before final assembly staircases for the home must take into account the fact that it must withstand all the loads that await it. After all, not only do people walk on such structures, but also loads move. The rigidity is very important. All grooves that are intended for fastening structural elements with bowstrings must be made in such a way that the elements fit into them with tension, that is, as tightly as possible. Their depth must be the same, and the grooves themselves must have flat plane. This is true for all cases, including when using glue to attach structural elements. It will evenly fill the grooves, giving them the required rigidity and strength. If another fastening method is used, then it is worth using the wedging method.

In this situation, the grooves are made in the form of a trapezoid. Its top will be in front of the bowstring. After installation, the process of wedging begins. After everything is thoroughly coated with glue, we can say that the result is a fairly strong and powerful structure. You can always use nails or screws as additional fasteners.

However, in this case, the appearance of the stairs may deteriorate. To prevent this from happening, the caps must be buried in the wood and then covered with special covers. Now the aesthetics will be at their best. The appearance of the entire structure will not be spoiled. To increase the strength of the ladder, several nails or screws are used for fastening.

Installation of stairs: features

Scheme of fastening the railing posts, lower and upper.

So let's consider self-installation stairs. This is done quite simply. Moreover, all components of the structure are supplied ready-made, but disassembled. Here you need to be extremely careful to comply with all the nuances of the technology.

The first stage is the preparation of the upper and lower marches. The side parts must strictly comply with the parameters of the opening. Markings must first be applied, according to which preparation is carried out. If it is not made by the manufacturer, then you need to do it yourself.

Now we need to move on to preparing the upper support post. Grooves are cut into it, which will serve for fastening top bar span.

For marking, you can use a regular pencil.

With its help, a horizontal line is applied on the lower edge of the groove. Then you need to measure the distance from the ceiling to the floor and draw another line. It should be equal to this distance. Risers are installed in all grooves, and then their lower part is sawn to size.

The assembly of modern stairs for the home is carried out using glue. Only high quality material is used. All structural elements must be glued in the following sequence:

• top support post connects to the side elements of the structure;
• then fencing and railings are added;
• connect the lower ends of the railing and the lower support post;
• The side parts of the structure and the lower stand are glued together.

Only in this sequence should it be done correct installation stairs. Wooden spikes are driven into those parts of the rack that are used for connection. After all the elements are prepared, be sure to give them time to dry completely.

Now you can proceed to assembling the structure. One person cannot cope with this. You definitely need to get help. At least three additional people must be involved in assistance. One of them is located at the top, and the rest are at the bottom.

Next, the ladder itself is installed on the floor and then leveled using a level. Special marks are made on the floor that will serve as markings for future pillars. Holes are made in these places using a drill. They should also be in the pillars, and the same size as on the floor. Fastening is carried out using special bolts. The tread is attached to the cross beam with two nails.

Lonely side part attached to the wall using self-tapping screws or bolts. Quite a lot of them must be used so that the connection is very strong and durable. If necessary, you can do additional cladding on the stairs. This is done using sheets of drywall or other material. Wood can also be used in a similar situation. For example, lining or tongue and groove board. In this case, the wooden staircase will not lose its original beauty and aesthetics.

Summarizing

Thus, the process of installing stairs for the house is completed. There is nothing complicated about it. The main thing is to strictly follow the instructions given above. This is the only way to achieve the desired result. When performing work, be sure to use only high-quality glue. With its help you can get a truly durable and reliable structure.

When performing work, be sure to call help. Only with their help can you achieve high-quality results. Wooden stairs are quite heavy structural element. It needs to be mounted and installed only through the efforts of several people. To achieve the required result, when installing outdoors, you can use specialized equipment.