Recently, at new construction sites and sites undergoing reconstruction, the use of the most modern system fire extinguishing with finely sprayed water.
TRV ( water mist) is an almost ideal system. With high fire extinguishing efficiency, the consequences of using expansion valves are minimal. Besides, modular systems The expansion valves are self-contained and do not require any power supply or additional water tanks. Not the least factor is that TRV is essentially harmless to humans. All this suggests a wide field for using these settings.
EI FOG "Water Mist" systems are a completely new fire extinguishing concept, where as fire extinguishing agent water is used, supplied under high pressure to produce droplets no larger than 100 microns. This system provides the following benefits:
- reducing the cost of purchasing tanks and water storage tanks;
- there is no need to section the protected volumes, just like when using volumetric extinguishing installations;
- minimizing the damage caused by the fire extinguishing agent, for example, the damage caused by water when the sprinkler or deluge installations of conventional spray are activated, with a droplet diameter of 0.4 - 2 mm.
System EI FOG "Water Mist" promotes the creation of fine mist, which quickly fills the protected volume of the room, while reducing the oxygen concentration. The effectiveness of fire extinguishing is significantly increased, while using a minimum amount of water.
Thanks to such a significant reduction in the amount of water consumed, compared to conventional sprinkler systems, the damage caused during fire fighting is minimized.
Water mist has a high heat capacity and a significant total active surface area of the droplets, which makes it possible to sharply reduce the temperature in the fire zone and stop the chemical combustion reaction.
All these factors make it possible to safely evacuate people who were in the room, as well as create conditions for normal operation special personnel equipped with portable fire extinguishing equipment.
Due to the fact that fire extinguishing systems EI FOG "Water Mist" do not contain chemical additives, the installation can be considered absolutely environmentally friendly.
All of these advantages contribute to ensuring that fire control and extinguishing processes are carried out in the best possible way.
Using the EI FOG System
Automatic fire extinguishing installations with finely sprayed water ei fog water mist are used to extinguish fires of classes A (solid combustible materials), B (flammable liquids), C (flammable gases) and E (electrical installations under voltage up to 1000 V) in buildings, structures and premises for various purposes with categories by fire danger A, B, B1 and B3. The system can be used to extinguish live cables up to 30,000 V.
This fire extinguishing system, which uses water mist, complies with international standards IMO A 800, A 913 and NFPA 75. Currently, the system is certified by the Federal State Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia.
Compare the advantages of a fire extinguishing system based on expansion valves over traditional water fire extinguishing systems:
| Comparative characteristics | Quantitative indicator | |
| Traditional water PT system | High pressure water mist system | |
| Diameters of used pipelines, mm | 16 - 159 | 16 - 59 |
| Estimated extinguishing area, m² | 120 | 90 |
| Maximum number of simultaneously operating sprinklers, pcs. | 10 | 10 |
| The amount of flowing water from one sprinkler in 1 minute. | 57 | 16 |
| Quantity pumping groups | One in every 20 floors (due to limitation pressure up to 10 atm. under the control unit) |
One for all floors |
| Standard time for water to flow out of the sprinkler, min. | 30 | 6 |
| Amount of spilled water from one sprinkler during a standard time, l | 1710 | 96 |
| Amount of spilled water from 4 sprinklers (average number of sprinklers opened) during the standard time, l | 6840 | 384 |
| Amount of water spilled from 10 sprinklers during the standard time, l | 17100 | 960 |
| Specific gravity of spilled water for an apartment area of 150 m², kg/m² | 1140 | 6,4 |
| The height of the layer of spilled water in an apartment with an area of 150 m² in the presence of a sealing layer in the interfloor ceiling, cm | 11,4 | 0,6 |
| Consumption of one hand nozzle from an internal fire hydrant, l/min. | 150 | 20 |
| Maintainability | Main view connections - welding |
Application quick couplings |
| Designated service life, years | at least 8 | at least 10 |
| Actual service life, years | more than 10 | over 30 |
| Weighted average cost of 1 sq. m of protected area, rub | ||
Warehouses: features of fires
Today, not a single warehouse complex or production room cannot do without a highly effective fire extinguishing system. Considering that the majority of material assets stored in warehouses are flammable, easily flammable materials or are stored in flammable packaging, systems fire alarm and fire fighting are for everyone storage facilities mandatory.
The features of warehouses and logistics complexes are: large area and height of premises, availability different zones warehousing, installation of high, up to the ceiling, racks, narrow passages between them and between storage areas, the presence of unheated warehouses, a large number of material assets stored there, the loss of which in a fire or damage due to contact with a fire extinguishing agent can be very expensive.
Selecting an automatic fire extinguishing installation. Rationale for the use of finely sprayed water (MAW)
The main regulatory documents that serve as the basis for the design of fire extinguishing installations are the federal law No. 123-FZ and SP 5.13130.2009 “Systems fire protection. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules." For large and complex facilities, including warehouses with a cargo storage height of more than 5.5 m, special technical specifications(STU), which determines the type of installation for a given specific facility.
Along with the requirements regulatory documents By fire safety it is necessary to take into account the features of such objects and calculate the economic efficiency of the selected fire extinguishing agent, as well as know all its features and disadvantages.
Fires in warehouses due to high density combustible load are characterized rapid growth temperature and an increase in the area of the fire, which significantly complicates their extinguishing and leads to serious material damage. Often a fire in a warehouse that is not equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing system leads to complete combustion of the materials stored in it and collapse building structures because of high temperature.
Fire extinguishing systems in warehouses and production workshops should be aimed primarily at quickly localizing the fire and preventing significant material damage. A large concentration of flammable materials requires large amounts of water for fire extinguishing. As a rule, the main task when designing systems automatic fire extinguishing at such facilities is to ensure their sufficient water supply. In the absence or insufficient flow of water supply, there is a need to equip reservoirs or reservoirs to store fire-fighting water supplies.
In conditions of water shortage, fire extinguishing with finely sprayed water (MAW) is of particular interest. The efficiency of this method in some cases is significantly higher than conventional large-droplet systems, and their implementation requires significantly less consumption and water supply.
The main advantage of such a system is significant water savings. Thanks to sprayers of this class, four times less liters of water are consumed, and droplets with an ultra-small diameter (no more than 100-150 microns) cause less damage to the room and its interior, while dealing with the source of fire much more effectively.
For premises for storing cellulose-based materials (paper, wood products), food and pharmaceutical warehouses, warehouses with complex and expensive electronic equipment Finely sprayed water (FW) is the most acceptable solution.
At the same time, we must not forget that finely sprayed water should not be used to extinguish class D fires, as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:
Explosive when interacting with water (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);
Decomposes when interacting with water, releasing flammable gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides);
Interacting with water with a strong exothermic effect ( sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);
Self-igniting substances (sodium hydrogen sulfate).
Fire extinguishing mechanism of TRV installations
Finely sprayed water (MAW) is an effective and economical means of extinguishing fires. Thanks to the use of water supplied under fire as a fire extinguishing agent high pressure, and the production of droplets no larger than 100-150 microns creates a fine mist that quickly saturates the protected volume of the room, while reducing the oxygen concentration, significantly increasing the effectiveness of fire extinguishing using a minimum amount of water.
In addition, when water evaporates in the combustion zone, steam is formed, which temporarily prevents the gas exchange of combustion products with oxygen, and also participates in reducing the oxygen concentration near the combustion zone.
Water mist, having a high heat capacity and a large total active surface area of the droplets, sharply reduces the temperature in the fire zone, stopping the chemical combustion reaction. The rapid spraying and high cooling effect of the water mist make it possible to evacuate occupants even while the fire extinguishing system is operating. Thus, in addition to cooling, water implements two more extinguishing mechanisms: insulation and dilution.
Advantages of using water mist installations (MAW)
The main advantages of extinguishing warehouse premises with modular automatic fire extinguishing installations using finely sprayed water:
Autonomy of the technological part of the installation from external sources. The TRV system does not require a supply of water or electricity.
TRV systems demonstrate high extinguishing efficiency combined with low consumption of fire extinguishing agent;
Complete safety when the expansion valve is exposed to people and material assets if the modules are filled clean water without additives;
Extended fire extinguishing activity. At the end of the installation, water mist hangs in the room for another 10-15 minutes and continues to enter areas with elevated temperature. This is especially important for suppressing smoldering processes and preventing re-ignition.
Minimum material costs when restoring and bringing fire extinguishing modules with finely sprayed water MUPTV into working condition after activation. There is no need to dismantle the modules; water is poured into the module itself on site.
Finely sprayed water has a high smoke-precipitating ability. Practice proves that after the installation of finely sprayed water has been activated, there is no need to turn on the smoke removal system.
Due to the supply of a very small amount of fire extinguishing agent for fire extinguishing, no additional devices are required to remove it after the installation has been activated.
Environmentally friendly (certified, safe additives for humans are used);
Easy installation, Maintenance and operation;
The method of storing the fire extinguishing agent and propellant gas can be combined or separate. Water is used as a fire extinguishing agent in accordance with GOST 2874, which may contain various additives that preserve the quality of water and increase the efficiency of the extinguishing process. With certain additives, finely atomized water modules can be used at temperatures down to – 50 0C.
Nitrogen gas is used as a propellant gas technical GOST 9293, air, mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
Modular fire extinguishing installations with finely sprayed water correspond to the climatic version “UHL”, location category “4” according to GOST 15150-69, but in the temperature range from 5°C to 55°C. Degree of protection of electrical equipment from external influences according to GOST 14254 IP 33 or IP 54.
Installation pipelines should be made of galvanized or of stainless steel. The pipelines must be sealed at maximum pressure Pwork.max. (13 MPa) and withstand the test pressure Fig. = 1.25Rrab.max.
Operating principle of a water mist fire extinguishing installation
The operating principle of the TRV installation is as follows:
1. The fire alarm system detects a fire and issues an electrical signal to the shut-off device on the water mist fire extinguishing module's starting cylinder.
Features of fires in hotels
Modern hotel complexes are usually located in multifunctional high-rise buildings. In addition to hotel rooms, they include premises of other functional purpose: administrative, sports, cultural and leisure, service, healthcare, educational, economic, parking, etc.
Today, the hotel industry is characterized by a high degree of automation and a tendency to minimize service personnel.
Features of fires in hotel complexes include the following:
there are a large number of people in the building at the time of the fire;
fires often occur at night, and most of them start in rooms with limited access to people;
The duration of fire extinguishing is approximately 3 to 5 hours;
fire causes great material damage. Fires that occurred in hotels are divided into the following main groups: fires caused by smoking;
fires that occurred during hotel renovations;
fires caused by incandescent lamps;
fires caused by violations of fire safety rules during installation electrical appliances;
fires in kitchens;
fires in areas where people live.
Typically, a fire occurs due to non-compliance with fire safety measures. And, despite the fact that they are clearly stated by law, many premises owners ignore them. However, statistics show that every hour one person dies in a fire and another 20 receive burns and injuries of varying severity, and every 5 minutes a new fire starts in the country. Hotels and hostels belong to a high-risk zone - these are buildings in which there are always a lot of people, and many of the guests, while on vacation, lose their vigilance and neglect basic fire safety rules.
Rationale for using TRV Fire extinguishing with finely sprayed water in hotels is especially important, since it is there that high extinguishing efficiency is required and minimizing damage from water spills is important.
Typically, fires in hotel complexes develop according to the following scenario:
During the first 10–20 minutes, the fire spreads linearly along the combustible material. At this time, the room is filled with smoke and it is impossible to see the flames. The air temperature in the room gradually rises to 250–300 degrees. This is the ignition temperature of all flammable materials.
After 20 minutes, the volumetric spread of the fire begins. After another 10 minutes, the glazing begins to fail. Inflow increases fresh air, the development of the fire increases sharply. The temperature reaches 900 degrees.
Burnout phase. Within 10 minutes it is achieved maximum speed fire. After the main substances burn out, the fire stabilization phase occurs (from 20 minutes to 5 hours). If the fire cannot spread to other rooms, the fire goes outside. At this time, the collapse of burnt out structures occurs.
That is why it is of great importance to have in the building automatic system fire extinguishing
At the same time, the water fire extinguishing system has a number of disadvantages:
– causes damage to property and interiors by spilling large amounts of water;
– due to the high intensity of irrigation, powerful pumps and large diameter pipes are required.
The average time to extinguish a fire when using fire extinguishing installations with finely sprayed water is several minutes, the estimated operating time of the installation is 10 minutes, thus, the fire is extinguished at the stage of the first phase, which makes it possible to almost completely avoid the consequences of the fire for people and material assets.
The demand for water mist equipment is growing every year. Both modular installations of finely atomized water and automatic installations for extinguishing fires with finely atomized water of an aggregate type have found widespread use.
Water mist fire extinguishing installations are divided into 2 types:
modular (with cylinders);
using high pressure pumps.
Modern fire extinguishing systems in large premises are complex system pipes and tanks that provide quick and reliable fire prevention. One of the most common fire extinguishing modules is the Garant TRV, which is very popular due to its high efficiency.
TRV fire extinguishing systems are units whose operating principle is based on fire extinguishing using water, the particle size of which is in the micron range. Water is supplied to special nozzles under high pressure; the nozzles spray it with a droplet size of no more than 200 microns, resulting in a colloidal mixture resembling fog. Due to the high flow rate, such a mixture fills the room very quickly, and moisture covers almost the entire surface area various elements located in the room. Due to this it is achieved high speed fire extinguishing with a very low volume of water consumed.
The installation itself is a tank from which several nozzles protrude; the volume of the tank may vary depending on the model. The TRV module can be seen in Figure 1.
Fire extinguishing procedure
Fine mist water expansion valve modules are highly efficient; the operating procedure includes the following steps:
- Various sensors detect fire and smoke, after which a signal is sent to start the nozzles to spray water;
- Immediately after receiving the signal, the gas generator of the fire extinguishing system is activated, releasing a large amount of inert gas into the module tank, the pressure in the tank increases by several atmospheres;
- When the tank reaches maximum pressure, the duration of the process is equal to fractions of seconds, the safety membrane of the fire extinguishing module is destroyed and water under very high pressure begins to flow through the nozzle.
Most fire extinguishing systems are at constant excess pressure, for example, a fire extinguisher. However, during long-term storage there is a risk of depressurization, which entails the inoperability of this fire extinguishing method. Here, in the standard state of the module, that is, before activation during a fire, there is no pressure in the tank, which makes this unit safe and extremely efficient, since the risk of depressurization is not taken into account here. After the module is triggered, a recharge occurs, which consists of replacing the safety membranes and filling the tanks with water.
Advantages of using TRV modules
Modular expansion valve fire extinguishing has a large number of advantages, which include:
- Due to the creation of aerosols, the surface area of water particles is very large, and water has a large heat capacity, due to which the particles take up all thermal energy and the ambient temperature drops sharply. When the temperature drops chemical reaction combustion in an oxygen atmosphere begins to slow down;
- When extinguishing a fire, a large amount of water vapor is formed, which fills the entire volume of the room, seeps into every pore and crack;
- Due to the micron size of water particles, it is sorbed on the surface of various objects, creating a thin film of water that prevents the further spread of fire;
- These units have higher performance qualities due to the fact that in passive mode they do not maintain any constant excess pressure;
- Low cost of fire extinguishing compared to traditional methods due to low water consumption and low cost of the devices themselves.
When choosing ways to ensure fire safety, you should pay attention to these modules, as they can help save a decent amount of money.
Fire extinguishing module TRV Hurricane
One of the most common fire extinguishing modules with finely sprayed water is the MUPTV TRV Hurricane. Hurricane modules are designed to extinguish primarily class A and partially class B fires; they are not suitable for extinguishing alkalis, alkali metals, some substances that can burn without the presence of oxygen, and so on. This unit currently has 4 varieties, which differ in size, tank volume and other parameters. The main features of this module include:
- There are models with two nozzles, as shown in Figure 2, and with four nozzles;
- The minimum duration of supply of finely sprayed water in these models is at least 3 seconds at a water flow rate of 1 to 6.5 kg/s;
- The module volume varies from 14 to 17 liters depending on the selected model;
- The trigger current of the gas generator on all models is approximately 0.12 A at a voltage of 2 V;
- The working pressure in the housing is 1.2 MPa, which is approximately equal to 12 atm, and the maximum pressure at which the safety membrane ruptures is 1.6 MPa or 16 atm, enormous pressures;
- The service life is at least 10 years when activated at least 5 times during the specified period;
- The fire protection area of class A also varies from 19 to 35 square meters.
The areas of application of these models are huge; currently, hurricane fire extinguishing modules are mainly used in the following places:
- The shops;
- Libraries;
- Parking;
- Cinemas;
- Banks and other institutions.
List of places where it can be used given methods firefighting is huge.
Water mist fire extinguishing installation Garant 30
The Garant 30 water mist fire extinguishing installation is designed to extinguish class A fires. This model is suitable for installation in warehouses, in office premises, V shopping centers and so on. The main features of the Garant 30 module include:
- The tank volume is 35 liters;
- The installation height can vary from 2.5 to 4 meters, depending on the height of the ceilings of the room. There are two types of spray nozzles, which are selected depending on the height of placement;
- The fire extinguishing area is 40 square meters;
- The gas generator trigger current is 0.2 A;
- The operating temperature of the unit is from 5 to 60 degrees Celsius.
Thus, the Garant 30 fire extinguishing module is more applicable for large areas due to its impressive size compared to Hurricane 13.
Fire extinguishing using TRV modules is very effective method fire fighting, characterized by high efficiency extinguishing at fairly low material costs.
Usage automatic installations fire extinguishing with finely sprayed water (AUPT TRV), both with and without additives, is a common practice today. The use of such fire extinguishing systems has proven to be an effective and cost-effective method of fire extinguishing, both in terms of installation and maintenance costs.
The effectiveness of using TRV is due to the following. The combustion mechanism is based on a combination of a number of factors: the presence of fuel, oxygen and high temperature. Accordingly, to extinguish it, it is necessary to lower the temperature in the combustion zone, reduce the oxygen concentration and isolate the source of the fire from access to oxygen. To effectively suppress combustion, it is necessary to reduce the temperature in the combustion zone. A sharp cooling of the combustion zone can lead to a complete cessation of combustion. By dilution we mean a decrease in the oxygen content in the combustion zone to such values at which the combustion process begins to slow down and die out. Insulation means limiting the access of oxygen to the combustion zone, which leads to the slowdown and extinction of the fire. Insulation can be provided by the properties of OTV. For example, the extinguishing composition OTV-V1, developed by LLC NPK Technologies and Fire Extinguishing Systems, has additives that form a film on the surface of the protected object. This film retains its properties for at least 15 minutes and, thus, isolates the source of fire from access to oxygen, preventing it from re-igniting.
When water enters the fire area, it boils. There is a powerful removal of heat from the combustion zone. In addition, due to the fact that the expansion valve has a droplet size tens of times smaller in diameter compared to the droplet size of sprinkler AUPTs, the surface area of the water that comes into contact with the fire zone increases hundreds of times, and the number of drops in 1 liter of water increases thousands. Abundant vaporization occurs, which significantly reduces the oxygen concentration in the combustion zone. Thus, when using expansion valves, the amount of water required to extinguish the fire zone is reduced tens of times. For example, to extinguish a medium-sized room, several tons of water will be required in the case of using sprinkler automatic fire extinguishing devices, and several tens of liters in the case of using automatic fire suppression valves. When extinguishing expansion valves, an important problem is the “delivery” of a small drop to the combustion zone, because powerful convection currents of hot air prevent this, reducing the effectiveness of extinguishing. Droplet weighting is achieved by the design of nozzles and the use of various additives. For example, LLC NPK Technologies and Systems fire safety» has developed and patented an original extinguishing composition, OTV-V1, and a KSP sprayer, which, in combination with a modular installation, form a complex that ensures the “transportation” of a drop of water into the combustion zone, increasing the efficiency of the extinguishing composition and extinguishing in general.
The use of TRV has a number of significant advantages compared to other AUPTs.
- complete autonomy from external sources. The TRV system does not require a connection to a pipeline or to electricity according to the 1st category. Modular AUPT TRVs with additives based on MUPTV 100-G-VD, produced by LLC NPK Fire Safety Technologies and Systems, are used at facilities where there are no Vodokanal water limits. Modular installations do not require water storage tanks, water supply pumps, or other additional equipment.
- high extinguishing efficiency combined with low consumption of fire extinguishing agent (almost a hundred times lower traditional ways water fire extinguishing).
- safety when exposure to expansion valves affects people and protected objects.
- long-term insulating effect on the fire object. For example, when extinguishing using a TRV installation with additives based on MUPTV100-G-VD “Nimbus”, low expansion foam is formed at the output (the advantages of TRV extinguishing and foam extinguishing are combined). Upon completion of the installation, the foam remains on the surface of the protected object for at least 10-15 minutes, which is especially important for suppressing smoldering processes and preventing re-ignition.
- The AUPT TRV easily returns to operating condition after activation. It is necessary to fill the OTV modules and pump up the pressure using compressor or other source of compressed air;
- The expansion valve has a high smoke settling ability, which is especially important for facilities with large numbers of people.
Today, expansion valve systems are widely used to protect various types of objects.
Living spaces.
Objects with large numbers of people: offices, shopping and entertainment centers and shopping centers.
Cultural objects- museums, art galleries, libraries.
Athletic facilities(rooms under the stands, gyms).
Industrial premises for various purposes. For example, LLC NPK Fire Safety Technologies and Systems has experience in protecting LNPP-2 facilities with modular AUPT TRVs with additives, and has successfully tested its AUPT TRVs when extinguishing electrical equipment with voltages up to 72 kV. The company's assets include the protection of facilities of the State Corporation Rostat, Zarubezhneft, Distillery, etc.
Archives, covered parking lots and parking lots, transport facilities, zoos, stables- far from it full list objects where AUPT TRV will find application. It is necessary to especially note the convenience of modular AUPT TRVs with additives, which consists in the fact that a battery of modules can be installed in any place convenient for the customer, without taking up “vital” space.
The design of fire extinguishing systems based on expansion valves is regulated by the STO (Organization Standards) of the manufacturer of expansion valve installations, as well as SP5.13130.2009.
