7th Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR. State security bodies of the USSR and Russia: from the Cheka to the FSB (7 photos)

Security disappeared along with this country. However, the memory of him is still alive not only in the post-Soviet space, but also far beyond its borders.

The KGB has carried out countless special operations that had a serious impact on the development of political situation in the world. Many memories of one of the most effective intelligence services in the world have survived to this day through folklore. Hundreds of anecdotes, myths, common nouns and more.

Creating a structure

Immediately after the victory of the revolution, the new people's government created special forces in the USSR. The de jure State Security Committee appeared only in 1954. At this time, after Stalin's death, quite large-scale reforms took place. Security agencies have also undergone changes. The KGB, in fact, existed long before that, it just had different names. The department was fairly autonomous, and its leaders played a significant role in the political system of the party. Especially, starting from the so-called when the party began to slowly move away from its previous ideals and become increasingly mired in the quagmire of bureaucracy and nomenklatura.

In post-war times, until 1954, a large-scale counter-espionage program in the USSR continued. The State Security Committee was directly involved in it. There were a huge number of spies, intelligence officers, informants, and so on. However, during Khrushchev's reforms, personnel were significantly reduced. As it became known from documents published in Russia, almost half of the people were laid off.

Hierarchy of the KGB

Employees of the Soviet intelligence service controlled all processes in the country and abroad that could threaten the security of the people. The central administration was located in Moscow. Also, each republic had its own central committees. Thus, the order from Moscow was given to the republican departments, of which there were 14, and then to the localities.

There were also departments in each city, district, and autonomy. Chekists, as the employees of this service were popularly called, were engaged in the investigation of particularly important or high-profile crimes, counterintelligence, and the search for spies and political dissidents. One branch was responsible for this. There were others too.

Departments

This is the border security department, which protected the state cordon and prevented the entry of potentially dangerous persons and the exit of unreliable elements. The counterintelligence department, which was engaged in anti-espionage activities. Foreign Intelligence Department. He organized special operations abroad, including security ones. There was also a department that dealt with ideological issues abroad and in the USSR. The State Security Committee paid attention to this direction Special attention. Employees were directly involved in the control and creation of artistic products. Agents recruited foreign cultural figures to promote communist ideals.

Known covert operations

One of the most famous KGB operations was carried out in 1945. was rebuilt after the destruction of the war. At the beginning of February, a children's health center opened in Crimea. The ambassadors of the United States and Great Britain were invited to the opening ceremony. At the end of the celebration, the pioneers sang the original anthem of the United States of America as a tribute to the military alliance. Next, the flattered Harriman was given a wooden coat of arms self made. The unsuspecting ambassador hung it above his desk. The coat of arms contained the “Zlatoust” bug, which had no analogues at that time. It could work autonomously without power sources. He allowed the intelligence services to bug the ambassador's office for 8 years. After discovering the listening device, the Americans tried to copy it, but were unsuccessful.

Military operations

The State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR was often involved in various military operations. One of the very first was Operation Whirlwind. In 1956, a rebellion began in Hungary against the ruling party, which was loyal to the USSR. The State Security Committee immediately developed a plan to eliminate the rebel leaders.

At the end of November, bloody fighting broke out in Budapest between supporters of the nationalist counter-revolution (many of whom supported the Third Reich in World War II) on the one hand, and the Hungarian security services along with Soviet troops on the other. The USSR State Security Committee did not take part in them, but developed a plan to capture one of the rebel leaders, Imre Nagy. He was hiding in the Yugoslav embassy, from where he was tricked and handed over to the Romanian side, where he was arrested.

The invaluable experience gained helped the KGB in the next similar operation in Czechoslovakia, where the counter-revolutionary rebellion also had to be suppressed with the help of Soviet troops due to the inability of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia to do this on its own.

The USSR State Security Committee was formed in 1954 and existed until 1991. The memory of one of the most successful intelligence services in the world survives to this day.

KGB KGB USSR State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR from March 13, 1954 to December 1991 earlier: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR MGB of the USSR after: MSB USSR State, USSR KGB Dictionaries: Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations of the army and special services. Comp. A. A. Shchelokov... ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations

Contents 1 Central apparatus of “illegal” intelligence of the KGB of the USSR 1.1 Heads of department “S” of the PGU of the KGB of the USSR ... Wikipedia

Main article: Illegal intelligence Contents 1 The central apparatus of the “illegal” intelligence of the KGB of the USSR ... Wikipedia

Border troops of the USSR State Security Committee ... Wikipedia

Academy of Foreign Intelligence (AVR) higher educational institution, which trains operational officers for the Foreign Intelligence Service and other Russian intelligence services. Former Red Banner Institute named after Yu. V. Andropov of the KGB of the USSR ... Wikipedia

The Foreign Intelligence Academy (FIA) is a higher educational institution that trains operational officers of the Foreign Intelligence Service and other Russian intelligence services. Former Red Banner Institute named after Yu. V. Andropov of the KGB of the USSR ... Wikipedia

Books

KGB of the USSR in Afghanistan 1978 1989 To the 20th anniversary of the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan, V. S. Khristoforov. This publication, based on documentary materials, tells about daily activities and participation in hostilities in Afghanistan in 1978-1989. intelligence and...
KGB USSR 1954-1991 Secrets of the death of a Great Power, O. Khlobustov. The State Security Committee of the USSR rightfully belonged to the strongest intelligence services in the world. . Based on archival documents, this book not only introduces readers to history...

The FSB, or Russian Federal Security Service, is one of the successors to the USSR Committee (KGB), an organization known for its terror and intelligence activities that operated in the Soviet Union in the 20th century.

Security - Cheka - OGPU - KGB - FSB

The history of the FSB includes a number of name changes and reorganizations after the Russian Revolution of 1917. Officially, it bore the name KGB for 46 years, from 1954 to 1991. Repressive organizations have long been part of the political structure of Russia. The functions of these organizations were significantly expanded compared to the role of the political police played by the secret police during the reign of Tsar Nicholas II.

In 1917, Vladimir Lenin created the Cheka from the remnants. This new organization, which eventually became the KGB, was involved in a wide range of tasks, including espionage, counterintelligence, and isolating the Soviet Union from Western goods, news, and ideas. Which led to the fragmentation of the Committee into many organizations, the largest of which is the FSB.

History of the creation of the FSB of Russia

In 1880, Tsar Alexander II formed the Department for the Protection of Public Safety and Order, known as the "Okhranka". This organization at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. dealt with various radical groups inside Russia - spying on their members, infiltrating them and neutralizing them. With members of the secret police in the leadership of various revolutionary groups, the Tsar was constantly aware of events and could easily prevent any potential attack. For example, between 1908 and 1909, 4 out of 5 members of the St. Petersburg Bolshevik Party Committee were members of the Okhrana Branch. Nicholas II was so confident in his power over these groups that in November 1916 he ignored warnings of an imminent revolution.

After February democratic revolution Lenin and his Bolshevik Party secretly organized forces and, on the second attempt, carried out coup d'etat. Lenin was a staunch supporter of terror and admired the Jacobins, the most radical French revolutionaries of 1790. He appointed Felix Dzerzhinsky as chairman of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD), whose main purpose was to fight the enemies of the regime and prevent sabotage throughout the country. The history of the Cheka (FSB) began with its creation on December 20, 1917 to increase the efficiency of the NKVD. The Extraordinary Commission became the basis for the later KGB. Lenin appointed its chairman Dzerzhinsky, a Polish nobleman who spent 11 years in prison for terrorist activities against the Tsar.

Red Terror

Soon Iron Felix began making changes to the Cheka. The history of the FSB in December 1920 was marked by the transfer of the organization's headquarters from St. Petersburg to the former office of the All-Russian Insurance Company, where it remains to this day. The Cheka itself conducted the investigation, made arrests, tried itself, kept them in concentration camps and executed them.

The history of the FSB-Cheka includes the murder of more than 500,000 people between its creation in 1917 and its renaming in 1922. “Red terror” became common practice. From each village, the security officers took 20-30 hostages and held them until the peasants gave up all their food supplies. If this did not happen, the hostages were shot. Although such a system proved effective in maintaining Lenin's ideology, to improve economic relations with the West, the Cheka was dissolved and replaced by an equally brutal organization - the State Political Directorate (GPU).

Initially, the GPU was under the jurisdiction of the NKVD and had less powers than the Cheka. With Lenin's support, Dzerzhinsky remained chairman and eventually regained his former power. With the adoption of the USSR Constitution in July 1923, the GPU was renamed OGPU, or United State Political Administration.

Holodomor

In 1924, Lenin died and was succeeded by Joseph Stalin. Dzerzhinsky, who supported him in the battle for power, retained his position. After the death of Iron Felix in 1926, Menzhinsky became the head of the OGPU. One of the main tasks of the organization at that time was to maintain order among Soviet citizens when Stalin turned 14 million peasant farms into collective farms. Bloody history The FSB also includes the following fact. To meet the need for foreign currency, the OGPU forcibly seized bread and grain to sell for export, creating a famine that killed more than five million people.

From Yagoda to Yezhov

In 1934, Menzhinsky died under mysterious circumstances and was replaced by Genrikh Yagoda, a pharmacist by training. Under his leadership, the OGPU began to conduct research in the field of biological and chemical weapons. Yagoda liked to conduct experiments on prisoners personally. He was shot under Stalin after confessing to the murder of Menzhinsky in order to lead the OGPU.

The KGB had an umbrella structure, which consisted of similar committees in each of the 14 republics of the USSR. In the RSFSR, however, there was no regional organization. State security committees throughout Russia reported directly to the central authority in Moscow.

The leadership of the KGB was carried out by a chairman, approved by the Supreme Council on the proposal of the Politburo. He had 1-2 first and 4-6 just deputies. They, along with the heads of some departments, formed a collegium - a body that accepted important decisions regarding the actions of the organization.

The main tasks of the KGB covered 4 areas: protecting the state from foreign spies and agents, identifying and investigating political and economic crimes, protecting state borders and state secrets. To carry out these tasks, from 390 to 700 thousand people served in the six main departments.

Organizational structure

The 1st Main Directorate was responsible for all foreign operations and intelligence gathering. It consisted of several units, divided both by the operations performed (intelligence preparation, collection and analysis) and by geographical regions of the world. The specifics of the work required the selection of the most qualified personnel from all departments; the recruits had good academic performance, knew one or more languages, and also firmly believed in communist ideology.

The 2nd State Administration exercised internal political control over Soviet citizens and foreigners living in the USSR. This department prevented contacts between foreign diplomats and residents of the country; investigated political and economic crimes and maintained a network of informants; kept an eye on tourists and foreign students.

The 3rd Main Directorate was responsible for military counterintelligence and political supervision of the armed forces. It consisted of 12 departments that oversaw various military and paramilitary formations.

The 5th Main Directorate, together with the 2nd, dealt with internal security. Created in 1969 to combat political dissent, it was responsible for identifying and neutralizing opposition among religious organizations, national minorities and the intellectual elite (including the literary and artistic community).

The 8th Main Directorate was responsible for government communications. In particular, it monitored foreign communications, created ciphers used by KGB units, transmitted messages to agents abroad, developed safe equipment communications.

The GU was responsible for protecting borders on land and at sea. It was divided into 9 border regions, which covered 67 thousand km of the USSR borders. The main duties of the troops were to repel a potential attack; suppression of illegal movement across the border of people, weapons, explosives, contraband and subversive literature; monitoring of Soviet and foreign ships.

In addition to these six GIs, there were at least several other directorates, smaller in size and scope:

The 7th handled surveillance and provided personnel and Technical equipment to monitor the activities of foreigners and suspicious Soviet citizens.
The 9th provided security for key party leaders and their families at the Kremlin and other government facilities throughout the country.
The 16th ensured the operation of telephone and radio communication lines used by government agencies.

How vast and complex organization The KGB, in addition to these departments, had an extensive apparatus that ensured the daily functioning of the organization. This is the personnel department, secretariat, service personnel technical support, financial department, archive, administration department, as well as the party organization.

Decline of the KGB

On August 18, 1991, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was visited at his government dacha on the Black Sea coast in Crimea by several conspirators, including Lieutenant General Yuri Plekhanov, head of the presidential security service, and Valery Boldin, Gorbachev's chief of staff, who felt that the party is under threat. They suggested that he either resign or renounce presidential powers in favor of Vice President Gennady Yanaev. Following Gorbachev's refusal, guards surrounded his home, preventing him from leaving or communicating with the outside world.

At the same time, in Moscow, the Alpha group of the 7th Directorate of the KGB received orders to attack the Russian parliament building and seize control of it. The unit was to conduct covert reconnaissance of the building on August 19th, and then infiltrate and capture it on August 20th and 21st. Contrary to the expectations of the members of the State Emergency Committee, the group led by Mikhail Golovatov decided not to carry out the operation. They delayed it until opposition forces led by Boris Yeltsin gathered to defend the building.

After the conspirators realized that the coup was poorly planned and would be unsuccessful, they tried to negotiate with Gorbachev, who was in their captivity. The President refused to meet with members of the State Emergency Committee. Some of the putschists were arrested and the coup was crushed.

The Gang of Eight included the vice president, the chairman of the KGB, a member of the Defense Council, a member of the Supreme Council, the chairman of the Association of State-Owned Enterprises and the Minister of Internal Affairs. Seven of them were arrested and convicted. The eighth shot himself in the head before his arrest.

After the coup attempt, Vladimir Kryuchkov, who had been chairman of the KGB for three years, was replaced by Vadim Bakatin, who had previously served as interior minister from 1988 to 1990, who then called for the dismantling of the State Security Committee. This position then became the reason for his removal and the appointment in his place of Boris Pugo, who subsequently supported the putsch.

Renaissance

Although the KGB formally ceased to exist, in 1991 it was divided into parts, which together performed the same functions as the Committee.

The Foreign Intelligence Service, created in October 1991, took over the tasks of the 1st Main Directorate for conducting foreign operations, collecting and analyzing intelligence.

The Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information was formed on the basis of the 8th Main Directorate and the 16th Directorate and is responsible for communications security and the transfer of intelligence data.

8-9 thousand military personnel who once made up the 9th Directorate were attached to Federal service security and the Presidential Security Service. These organizations are responsible for protecting the Kremlin and all important departments Russian Federation.

The history of the Russian FSB under its current name began after the Ministry of Security was disbanded in 1993. It included 75,000 people from the second, third and fifth GU. Responsible for internal security in the Russian Federation.

Forward to the past...

After years of terror among Soviet citizens, who constantly feared brutal interrogations by KGB officers or being sentenced to work in harsh labor camp conditions, the Committee for State Security ceased to exist under its former name. However, many still live in fear of this cruel and repressive organization. The history of the Russian FSB is full of glaring facts. Writers whose works were considered anti-Soviet and who never saw their books in print became victims of the 5th Main Directorate of the KGB. Families were torn apart as Committee agents arrested, tried, and sentenced millions of people to Siberian labor camps or death. Most of those convicted did not commit any crimes - they became victims of circumstances, being in the wrong place at the wrong time, or because of a careless remark made at home. Some of them were killed simply because KGB agents had to fulfill quotas, and if there weren't enough spies within their jurisdiction, they would simply take innocent people and torture them until they confessed to crimes they didn't commit.

It seemed that this nightmare was gone forever. But the story of the Cheka-KGB-FSB does not end there. The recently announced plans to create the Ministry of State Security on the basis of the SVR and the FSB bring to mind the Stalinist structure of the same name, which was designed to protect the interests of the ruling party.

A brief history of the special services Zayakin Boris Nikolaevich

Chapter 48. Cheka-GPU-OGPU-NKVD-NKGB-MGB-MVD-KGB-MGB-FSK-FSB of Russia

The original name of the Cheka appeared on December 20, 1917. After the end of the civil war in 1922, the new abbreviation was GPU. Following the formation of the USSR, the OGPU of the USSR arose on its basis.

In 1934, the OGPU was merged with the internal affairs bodies - the police - and a single Union-Republican People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs was formed. Genrikh Yagoda became People's Commissar. He was executed in 1938, as was the subsequent People's Commissar of State Security Nikolai Yezhov.

Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria was appointed People's Commissar of Internal Affairs in 1938. In February 1941, the People's Commissariat of State Security - NKGB - was separated from this united structure as an independent one.

In July 1941 he was again returned to the NKVD, and in 1943 he was again separated into long years into an independent structure - the NKGB, renamed in 1946 into the Ministry of State Security. Since 1943, it was headed by Merkulov, who was executed in 1953.

After Stalin's death, Beria once again united the internal affairs bodies and state security bodies into a single ministry - the Ministry of Internal Affairs and headed it himself. On June 26, 1953, Beria was arrested and soon executed. Kruglov became Minister of Internal Affairs.

In March 1954, the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR was created, separated from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Serov was appointed its chairman.

After him, this post was successively occupied by: Shelepin, Semichastny, Andropov, Fedorchuk, Chebrikov, Kryuchkov, Shebarshin, Bakatin, Glushko, Barsukov, Kovalev, Putin, Patrushev, Bortnikov.

Any state can only be called a state when it is able to ensure its security by methods and means available to it.

A universal remedy that has been used in all eras, on all continents and in different conditions are the intelligence agencies. Despite all the differences, intelligence services have common features. Any party, even the ruling one, must be controlled by the intelligence services.

First of all, this is secrecy, the use of unconventional and, often, secret methods of working with agents and special technical means.

The significance and effectiveness of the work of special services naturally varies depending on historical conditions and, accordingly, the tasks assigned to them by the political leadership.

After the crisis of the 1990s, Russian intelligence services regained their former important. Thanks to the fact that the former head of the FSB from 1998 to 1999, Vladimir Putin, became the country's president, the prestige of the security services structures increased.

The head of the Kremlin has never hidden his sympathy for this organization. He formulated his credo in the following phrase: “Chekists are never former.”

This phrase allows us to draw a conclusion about the continuity of the organization and state that its history will never be revised: the predecessor of the FSB was a devoted Soviet KGB, which, in turn, originated from the Cheka - the Extraordinary All-Russian Commission to combat counter-revolution, profiteering and sabotage, founded by the Bolsheviks on December 20, 1917.

Until the collapse of the Soviet Union, a monument to its founder Felix Dzerzhinsky adorned the Lubyanka, the square in front of the organization's headquarters near the Kremlin. There has been talk of its restoration several times in recent years.

Putin again raised the prestige of the KGB-FSB; he not only provided many of his former colleagues leading positions in politics and economics, but also returned to the FSB almost all the power of the KGB.

Putin's predecessor and anti-patriot of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, at the behest of America, deliberately destroyed the omnipotence of the KGB, dividing its functions between several organizations, deliberately making them competing.

Today, the FSB is again responsible for state security, counterintelligence and border protection - only foreign intelligence remains independent.

Currently, together with the army, the FSB is the largest recipient budget funds and is not subject to any serious control.

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Appendix 9. Key dates in the history of the KGB of the USSR

February 8- The Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee made a fundamental decision on the advisability of removing operational security units from the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

March 13- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the formation of the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

On the same day, the Council of Ministers of the USSR approved the “Regulations on the First Main Directorate of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.”

March- The USSR’s proposal to include the United States in the system of collective security in Europe and to discuss the issue of the USSR joining NATO. The Western powers rejected this proposal.

April 19- Resolution of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee “On the release from exile of those previously convicted of anti-Soviet activities.” Those sentenced to imprisonment for up to 5 years were released.

30 June The decision of the CPSU Central Committee “On measures to strengthen the intelligence work of state security agencies abroad” was adopted.

In particular, a foreign counterintelligence unit was created.

May 20- Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the creation of an intercontinental ballistic missile and launch into space artificial satellite Earth.

August 3rd- Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on lifting restrictions on special settlers - kulaks.

May 11–14- Warsaw meeting on joint defense and security in Europe; The Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance was signed between Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, the GDR, Poland, Romania, the USSR and Czechoslovakia - the formation of the Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO) - a military-political organization opposing NATO.

29th of October- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the early release and repatriation of German prisoners of war convicted in the USSR for war crimes.

28 January At a meeting of the Political Advisory Council of the Warsaw Pact Organization (WTO) in Prague, its participants adopted a Declaration of readiness to cooperate with all countries to take measures aimed at ensuring European security and eliminating the threat of a new war.

February 14–25- XX Congress of the CPSU (1,430 delegates from 7,215 thousand members and candidates for party membership). The congress proclaimed a policy of peaceful existence of states with different political systems; supported the mass rehabilitation of victims of political repression.

25 February- N.S. Khrushchev’s report to the delegates of the congress “On the cult of personality and its consequences.”

2nd of March- dispersal of a youth demonstration in Tbilisi in defense of I.V. Stalin under the slogans “Down with Khrushchev!”, “Molotov - to the head of the CPSU!”.

5th of March- Resolution of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee on familiarizing all communists and Komsomol members with N.S. Khrushchev’s report on the cult of personality of I.V. Stalin.

March 5–9- demonstrations and rallies of many thousands in Georgia (Tbilisi, Batumi, Sukhumi, Kutaisi, Rustavi) for the abolition of the decisions of the 20th Congress of the CPSU on the cult of personality of I.V. Stalin.

April 28- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on lifting the special resettlement regime from deported peoples.

November 4- decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to provide military assistance to the Provisional Government of Hungary led by Janos Kadar. November 4–5- Operation Whirlwind - Soviet troops under the command of General - P.N. Lashchenko entered Budapest.

November 24- resolution of the CPSU Central Committee on the restoration of national autonomy of the Chechen and Ingush peoples.

9 January- Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet “On the restoration of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic as part of the RSFSR.”

May 27- Soviet-Hungarian agreement on legal status Soviet troops temporarily stationed on the territory of the People's Republic of Hungary.

July 28th - 11 August- VI World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow. It was attended by 34 thousand delegates from 31 countries.

November 14–16 A meeting of representatives of 12 communist and workers' parties of socialist countries adopted a Declaration condemning "dogmatism and revisionism."

November 16–19 A meeting of representatives of 64 communist and workers' parties adopted the Peace Manifesto.

January 8- The Soviet government sent proposals to the governments of all countries to stop " cold war", including the conclusion of a non-aggression pact between the Warsaw Department and NATO

May 20–23- Meeting in Moscow of representatives of communist and workers' parties of the CMEA member countries.

May 24- a meeting of the Political Advisory Council of the Warsaw Department in Moscow sent Prague to the NATO states a draft Non-Aggression Pact between NATO countries and the Warsaw Warsaw Party.

20th of December- in Moscow, on Dzerzhinsky Square, a monument was unveiled to the “knight of the revolution”, chairman of the All-Russian Chess Federation. E. Dzerzhinsky (Sculptor E.V. Vuchetich. Monument dismantled 24 August 1991).

January 10- the actual restoration of diplomatic relations with Cuba after the rebels entered Havana.

September 18- speech by N.S. Khrushchev at the session of the UN General Assembly with a declaration on general and complete disarmament.

September 28 - 4 October- visit of the delegation led by N.S. Khrushchev in China. An attempt to convince Mao Zedong of the need to recognize the principle of peaceful coexistence of countries with different political systems.

1st of May- in the Sverdlovsk region at an altitude of 22 km, a US CIA U-2 reconnaissance plane was shot down. The ejected pilot G.F. Powers was detained and taken to Moscow.

16th of May- a conference of 4 powers opened in Paris - the USSR, the USA, Great Britain and France. Failure of negotiations due to N.S. Khrushchev demanded that the American side make an official apology for the CIA reconnaissance action on May 1 and stop reconnaissance flights over the territory of the USSR.

April 18th- Protest of the Soviet government against the landing of anti-Castro forces in Cuba with the support of the United States (in the Bay of Playa Heron).

5 May- introducing amendments to the Criminal Law, providing for death penalty for economic crimes.

June 3–4- meeting N.S. Khrushchev with US President John Kennedy in Vienna. Negotiations failed due to N.S.’s demands. Khrushchev's concessions from the United States on the issue of West Berlin.

5th of August- A meeting of the Political Consultative Committee of the Warsaw Pact states adopted an appeal to the government of the GDR with a proposal to take measures against subversive activities from the territory of West Berlin.

August 13- a wall was erected overnight between the Western and Eastern sectors of Berlin, designed to prevent the transition of citizens of the GDR to the Federal Republic of Germany and to complicate the conduct of intelligence and subversive activities against the GDR.

Dismantled in 1989

October 21- by decision of the XXII Congress of the CPSU, the body of I.V. Stalin was taken out of the Mausoleum on Red Square and reburied near the Kremlin wall.

June 1–2- strikes and riots in connection with the announcement of a 25–30% increase in food prices.

The most massive riots occurred in the city of Novocherkassk, Rostov region. Several people were killed during the suppression of the unrest.

June 10th- decision of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee to conduct the strategic operation “Anadyr” to create a Soviet military missile base in Cuba.

22 of October- US President J.F. Kennedy, in an address to the nation, announced the establishment of a naval blockade of Cuba and the demand for the withdrawal of Soviet ballistic missiles from Cuba. The beginning of the “hot stage” of the Cuban missile crisis.

the 25th of October- message from N.S. Khrushchev J. Kennedy on the USSR's agreement to withdraw missiles from Cuba under UN control if the United States refuses to seize Cuba.

February March- trial in Leningrad of I.A. Brodsky on charges of parasitism (sent into exile for forced labor on a collective farm).

June 14- The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) presented the CPSU with a list of 25 points accusing them of “deviating from communist ideas.”

An open letter from the CPSU Central Committee to the “Chinese comrades” with a response to the accusations made. the 14 th of July- break in relations between the CPSU and the CPC

June 20- at negotiations in Geneva, the USSR and the USA agreed to establish direct teletype communication (“red telephone”) between the White House and the Kremlin.

August 4- in the Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of South Vietnam, the US Navy destroyer Maddox was attacked by “unknown”, presumably “North Vietnamese” torpedo boats. The “Tonkin Incident” became the reason for the start of American bombing of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV).

10th of August The US Congress granted President L. Johnson the right to use the US Armed Forces in Southeast Asia.

10th of August- Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces on the rehabilitation of the Volga Germans (the autonomous republic has not been restored).

5th of April- The USSR began supplying the Democratic Republic of Vietnam with surface-to-air missiles to repel US air raids.

September 27 and 29 The KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR arrested writers A.D. Sinyavsky and Yu.M. Daniel for transferring his works for publication abroad.

5th of December- the first human rights action in Moscow, organized by V.K. Bukovsky: a rally on Pushkin Square demanding the release of A.D. Sinyavsky and Yu.M. Daniel.

February 10–14- trial of A.D. Sinyavsky (7 years in prison) and Yu.M. Daniel (5 years in prison) - the first open “political” trial in the post-Stalin period.

October 8-18- rallies of Crimean Tatars in Andijan, Fergana, Tashkent, Samarkand and other cities in connection with the 45th anniversary of the formation of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The protesters were dispersed by police and soldiers.

November- the magazine “Moscow” began publishing the novel by M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita".

June 5 1967 G.- the beginning of the Six Day War between Israel, the United Arab Republic and Jordan. 10 June- the USSR broke off diplomatic relations with Israel.

June 17- The first thermonuclear bomb was tested in the People's Republic of China.

September 5- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the abolition of decisions of 1944 with sweeping accusations against the inhabitants of the Crimean peninsula.

April 21- in the city of Chirchik (Tashkent region, Uzbek SSR) a demonstration of Crimean Tatars took place demanding freedom of resettlement to Crimea. The police detained about 300 people.

April 30- publication of the first issue of the non-periodical “human rights” bulletin “Chronicle of Current Events”. (Published until October 1972).

Based on the issue of the bulletin, the Moscow prosecutor's office opened a criminal case under Art. 70 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (“Anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda”).

June- publication in uncensored “samizdat” of an article by Academician A.D. Sakharov “Reflections on progress, peaceful coexistence and intellectual freedom.”

July 24–26- a meeting of Meskhetian Turks at the Government House in Tbilisi (Georgian USSR) demanding a return to their native places.

25-th of August- a protest on Red Square by 7 people against the entry of Internal Affairs troops into Czechoslovakia (the trial of the detainees took place on October 11).

2nd of March- Soviet-Chinese armed conflict on the Ussuri River in the area of the island. Damansky.

March 13- the 15th department of the KGB of the USSR was formed for the creation and operation of special objects for the war period.

March - August- numerous armed conflicts on the Soviet-Chinese border.

May- arrest of “dissident” A.A. Amalric, whose essay “Will the Soviet Union before 1984? was published in Holland.

2 June- formation of the “Bureau of Relations of the KGB of the USSR with publishing houses and other media” (“Press Bureau of the KGB”).

November 17- Soviet-American negotiations on the limitation of strategic nuclear weapons began in Helsinki.

November 24- ratification by the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

December 24- arrest of the compiler of the bulletin “Chronicle of Current Events” N.A. Gorbanevskaya (participant of the protest demonstration on Red Square on August 25, 1968 against the entry of Internal Affairs Troops into Czechoslovakia).

March 19 A. D. Sakharov, V. F. Turchin and Zh.A. Medvedev published an open letter to L.I. Brezhnev, A.N. Kosygin and N.V. Podgorny about the relationship between the level of democracy of society and the achievements of technical and economic progress.

June 15 The KGB department at the Leningrad airport stopped an attempt to hijack an An-2 from Leningrad to Sweden by a group of 16 “Israeli refuseniks” led by E. Kuznetsov and M. Dymshits - one of the first acts of air terrorism in the USSR, which became widely known in country and in the world.

October 15- seizure upon departure from Batumi and hijacking of a flight An-24 to Turkey by father and son P. and A. Brazinkas.

November 4- on the initiative of V.M. Chalidze, A.M. Tverdokhlebov and A.D. Sakharov founded the Human Rights Committee in the USSR.

IN THE USA The memoirs of N.S. were published. Khrushchev.

30th of March - April 9- XXIV Congress of the CPSU (4,963 delegates from 14,455 thousand candidates and party members). The Congress adopted the Peace Program. In the report of L.I. Brezhnev announced the formation of a new historical community in the Soviet Union - the Soviet people.

May 22–30- the first visit in history to the USSR by US President R. Nixon. Signing of a number of interstate agreements, including the “Fundamentals of Relations between the USSR and the USA.”

December 25- The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted the Decree “On the use of warnings by state security agencies as a preventive measure” (with the stamp “Not for publication”).

21st of June- 16 departments of the KGB of the USSR were formed, responsible for conducting electronic intelligence.

June 18–25- visit of the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee L.I. Brezhnev in the USA. During the visit, the following were signed: “Basic principles of negotiations on further limitation of strategic offensive weapons”, Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War.

3 July- The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (34 participants) opened in Helsinki.

October 30- Negotiations began in Vienna on reducing the armed forces of NATO and the Warsaw Pact.

December 17 Chairman of the KGB under the USSR Council of Ministers Yu.V. Andropov is awarded the rank of Colonel General.

July 29 By order No. 0089SE of the Chairman of the KGB of the USSR, Group “A” of the Security Service of Foreign Diplomatic Missions (“Group “Alpha”) was formed.

July 15–21- Soviet-American space experiment "EPAS": "Apollo - Soyuz", which included the docking of US and USSR spacecraft, the creation of the first orbital international space station. The commander of Soyuz -19 is A.A. Leonov, "Apollo" - T. Stafford.

August 1- signing in Helsinki of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (with the participation of the USA and Canada).

October 9- award Nobel Prize peace to academician - “dissident” A.D. Sakharov, and in the field of economics, Academician L.V. Kantorovich (October 17).

December 18- “dissident” V.K., convicted in the USSR. Bukovsky was exchanged for the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Chile L. Corvalan.

January 8- a terrorist act (3 explosions) was carried out in Moscow, organized by the nationalist group of S. Za-tikyan. (Members of the group were arrested in September in Yerevan (Armenian SSR).

14th of April- demonstration in Tbilisi under the slogans of announcing only the Georgian language official language Georgian SSR.

April 27- After the victory of the people's revolution, Soviet advisers began to be sent to Afghanistan.

December 4- demonstration in Dushanbe (Tajikistan) of Germans who did not receive permission to travel to Germany (“refuseniks”).

5th of December An agreement on friendship, good neighborliness and cooperation was signed in Moscow with Afghanistan.

June 16–19- demonstrations in Tselinograd against the decision of the Politburo of the Central Committee on the creation of German autonomy in Kazakhstan.

June 18- signing in Vienna by L.I. Brezhnev and US President J. Carter of the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT 2).

27th of December- overthrow of Afghan President X. Amin, assault presidential palace Taj Beg. The entry of Soviet troops into the DRA begins.

4 January- The US Congress, in connection with the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan, announced the introduction of an embargo on the supply of grain to the USSR and on the transfer of high technologies.

US President John Carter called for a boycott of XXII Olympic Games in Moscow.

January 22- “dissident” academician A.D. Sakharov was administratively expelled to the city of Gorky.

November 30th- Soviet-American negotiations on medium-range missiles began in Geneva.

December 30th- US President R. Reagan announced economic sanctions against the USSR: an embargo on the supply of pipes for gas pipelines, the suspension of negotiations on grain supplies in connection with the introduction of martial law by the government of the Polish People's Republic to stop anti-government protests in the country.

May 24- Yu.V. Andropov was elected Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. V.V. was appointed Chairman of the KGB of the USSR. Fedorchuk.

October 21- The Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee decided to separate the “P” department of the Second Main Directorate of the KGB into an independent department - the line of work of the state security agencies of the USSR.

the 25th of October In 1982, by order of the KGB of the USSR No. 00210, the decision of the KGB Board was announced “On measures to strengthen counterintelligence work to protect the country’s economy from subversive actions of the enemy,” which announced the creation of the 6th Directorate in the KGB (for “protecting the Soviet economy”).

November 12 The extraordinary Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee elected Yu.V. Andropov General Secretary of the CPSU.

December 17- V.M. was appointed as the new chairman of the KGB of the USSR. Chebrikov, V.V. Fedorchuk was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

1st of January- TASS statement refuting R. Reagan’s statement about the USSR’s use of chemical weapons in Afghanistan.

January 4–5- Meeting of the Political Advisory Committee of the ATS in Prague on plans to deploy American missiles in Europe.

5th of April The French Foreign Ministry announced the expulsion from the country of 47 Soviet diplomats accused of espionage (completion of the Farewell case).

May- Russian Orthodox Church The St. Daniel Monastery in Moscow, the former residence of the Patriarch and the Holy Synod, was returned.

August 13 within the 3rd Main Directorate of the KGB, Directorate “B” was formed for counterintelligence protection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and its local bodies (departments in the structure of territorial directorates of the KGB) - the KGB directorate for operational support of the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

September 1- an air defense fighter shot down a South Korean Boeing 747 over the Sea of Japan near Sakhalin.

June 29- a statement by the Soviet government against the US implementation of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI, Star Wars program).

30 June- the first regional 7th branch of Group “A” of the KGB of the USSR was created in Khabarovsk under the leadership of Colonel M.V. Holovaty.

February 20th- CIA officer Edward Lee Howard made contact with the PSU Washington station.

April 23- The UK Foreign Office declared 5 employees of the PSU residency in London persona non grata.

June 25- at a special meeting of the US National Security Council, issues related to the election of M.S. as General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee were considered. Gorbachev." Information about the meeting was received by the KGB PGU from operational sources.

The KGB of the USSR prevented terrorist attacks that were being prepared with the participation of the Interdepartmental Intelligence Directorate of Pakistan.

August 1- at the US Embassy in Rome, the deputy head of the Department of Foreign Counterintelligence (“K”) of the PGU V. Yurchenko asked for political asylum. On November 2, V. Yurchenko returned to the Soviet embassy in Washington.

8 September- The US Congress approved a bill to pay a reward of 100 to 500 thousand dollars to anyone who provides information leading to the exposure of Soviet intelligence officers and agents.

September 13- The British Foreign Ministry expelled initially 25, then another 6 employees of the USSR Embassy, which paralyzed the activities of the PGU and GRU residencies. The USSR expelled an equal number of British diplomats.

September 30th- the taking of 4 employees of the Soviet embassy in Lebanon hostage in Beirut. The operation to rescue the hostages was headed by the USSR KGB resident in Lebanon, Yu.N. Perfilyev. 3 hostages were released on October 30.

The 4th of October- in Washington to contact the deputy resident of the KGB PGU V.I. Cherkashin was identified as US FBI employee Robert Hansen.

5th of December- The US Congress passed Act No. 1082, “Strengthening US Intelligence and Security.”

January 24- the reconnaissance and technical operation of the CIA and the US NSA “Absorb” to collect information along the Trans-Siberian Railway was stopped.

A press conference was held at the press center of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Zubovsky Boulevard about the activities of American intelligence and measures to suppress it.

24 February- agent of the 10th department of the 5th directorate of the KGB of the USSR O.A. returned to Moscow. Tumanov, who worked for about 20 years at Radio Liberty in Munich.

May 7- in Moscow, during a meeting with an agent, a civilian assistant to the US military attaché, E. Says, was caught red-handed.

October 23, 1986- at a meeting of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, the issue of the threat of international terrorism and counteraction to it was considered. Keynote speaker: First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Yu.M. Vorontsov.

V.M. Chebrikov, in particular, reported that so much fissile radioactive material had been stolen around the world that it would be enough to make 10 bombs, equal in power to those dropped on Hiroshima.

The KGB chairman also noted that on the territory of the USSR there are up to 200 anti-Soviet formations with terrorist inclinations, uniting about 3 thousand participants.

December 16- V telephone conversation M.S. Gorbachev invites A.D. Sakharov to return to Moscow.

December 17–18- mass riots (up to 5 thousand participants) in Almaty in connection with the appointment of G.V. as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. Kolbina. During the riots, 1,215 people were injured (2 died), 107 people were subsequently convicted of participating in the riots.

February 11–12- The international conference “Socialism on the threshold of the 21st century” took place in Moscow.

the 6th of May- a demonstration in Moscow by members of the Memory society protesting against the construction of the Victory Memorial on Poklonnaya Hill and demanding official registration of the society.

May 28- a Cessna light aircraft under the control of German citizen Matthias Rust landed on Red Square in Moscow. M. Rust's flight became the topic of discussion at three meetings of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee.

July 6- demonstration of Crimean Tatars on Red Square demanding the restoration of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Demonstrations in support of this demand also took place in Izmailovsky Park in Moscow (July 29), in Fergana and Jizzakh (Uzbekistan, September 13), in Taman and Simferopol (Crimea, October 6).

On December 24, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution “On measures to further stabilize the situation among the Crimean Tatars.”

In July in London at the Sharaton Hotel, he was arrested on charges of collaborating with the KGB since 1971, an emigrant from the USSR, a citizen of Israel, Sh.G. Kalmanovich, subsequently sentenced to 25 years in prison.

(Released early in 1993, returned to Moscow).

August 22- according to the KGB note on work to overcome the tendency for Soviet citizens to leave for permanent residence abroad, the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee adopted a corresponding resolution (No. 81/11).

September 18- clash on interethnic grounds between Azerbaijanis and Armenians in the village. Khojaly (Azerbaijan) on the issue of the future Nagorno-Karabakh. The first use of firearms in this protracted conflict - the “war of the stones” becomes “hot”.

As a result of the riots, 33 Armenians were injured (one of them died) and 16 Azerbaijanis.

September 28- by decision of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, a special Commission was formed “for a detailed study of facts and documents related to the repressions of the 30s - 40s and early 50s” under the leadership of M.S. Solomentseva.

October 21- Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee on the report of M.S. Gorbachev decided to “cover the “blank spots” in the history of the USSR.

October 30- rallies on the Day of Political Prisoners in Leningrad and Moscow (suppressed by the police).

Nov. 1- presentation of the book by M.S. Gorbachev “Perestroika and new thinking for our country and for the whole world.”

November 20–21- rallies in support of B.N. Yeltsin in Sverdlovsk (on October 21, for criticizing Gorbachev at the Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee on November 11, B.N. Yeltsin was removed from the post of First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU).

February 12–13- the beginning of rallies in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region (ICAO) demanding reunification with Armenia.

25 February- pogrom of Armenians in Sumgait ( Azerbaijan SSR) - according to official data, 32 people died. The beginning of bloody conflicts based on interethnic relations in the USSR.

March 4- KGB USSR M.S. Gorbachev was sent “Information on the mass riots that took place in the USSR since 1957.”

March 7- an attempt to hijack a plane with the aim of escaping to Sweden by the Ovechkin family. When the plane was stormed at Pulkovo airport by a special forces group of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate for the city of Leningrad and the Leningrad region, 3 passengers and a flight attendant were killed.

April 2 in the weekly “Arguments and Facts” (No. 14), a column “The KGB of the USSR reports and comments” was opened. The first article published information about exposed employees of the CIA embassy station in Moscow under diplomatic cover, expelled from the USSR in recent years.

June 4- explosion of carriages with explosives at the Arzamas station. 91 people were killed, more than 200 were injured, 150 were destroyed and more than 250 houses were damaged.

July 11- a resolution was adopted by the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, which, in particular, noted:

Instruct the USSR Prosecutor's Office and the USSR KGB to instruct their local authorities to continue working on reviewing cases of persons repressed in the 30s - 40s and early 50s, regardless of the presence of complaints and statements from citizens.

25-th of August- a public council was formed (Yu.N. Afanasyev, A.D. Sakharov, B.N. Yeltsin, R.A. Medvedev, etc.) to create a Memorial to the victims of Stalin’s repressions. January 28, 1989 transformed into the All-Union Voluntary Historical and Educational Society "Memorial".

August, 26th- in Leningrad, representatives of 70 informal organizations of cities and republics formed a coordination group to create the Popular Front of the USSR.

September 5- an unauthorized rally of the “Democratic Union” on Pushkin Square on the anniversary of the adoption of the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on the beginning of the “Red Terror”.

October 1- V.M. Chebrikov was elected Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. V.A. was appointed Chairman of the KGB of the USSR. Kryuchkov.

In October 1988 In Berlin, a meeting of the heads of intelligence services of socialist states took place, as it turned out later, the last in the history of the KGB of the USSR. The Soviet side was represented by the deputy head of the PSU, Lieutenant General V.A. Kirpichenko.

15th of November- a reusable flight was carried out in unmanned mode spaceship"Buran", the Soviet "space shuttle". After 8 orbits (60 minutes), Buran successfully landed “in the given area.”

The ship did not fly above 101 kilometers, so it is considered a stratospheric flight and not a space flight.

The flight of the Soviet shuttle caused serious concern abroad.

At the personal request of M. Thatcher, who visited Moscow on November 16, the Buran program was suspended by M.S. Gorbachev.

15th of November- the 6th Department for Combating Organized Crime was created in the system of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs; in territorial departments its functions were performed by operational search bureaus (ORB).

20 November- a rally was held in Moscow under the slogan “Accelerate the rehabilitation of political prisoners of the era of stagnation.”

November 22–23 - demonstrations in Tbilisi, Baku and Yerevan demanding the independence of the republics.

November 23- members of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee V.M. Chebrikov and A.N. Yakovlev, secretaries of the CPSU Central Committee G.P. Razumovsky and A.I. The Lukyans submitted a note to the CPSU Central Committee “On urgent measures to restore order and strengthen state, social and labor discipline in the Azerbaijani and Armenian USSR.”

December 1- a group of three criminals, with the aim of leaving the USSR, captured 32 fourth-grade students from school No. 42 in Ordzhonikidze.

6 January- the resolution of the CPSU Central Committee “On additional measures to restore justice to the victims of repression that took place during the 30s, 40s and early 50s."

January 16- Decree of the PVS of the USSR “On additional measures to restore justice for victims of repression that took place during the 30s - 40s and early 50s.”

February 3rd - new president USA George Bush signed Directive No. 1 on national security issues. In accordance with this directive, the Coordinating Committee on Counterintelligence Issues was formed.

February, 15- The USSR government announced the completion of the withdrawal of the Limited Contingent troops from Afghanistan.

A party was held at CIA headquarters in Langley to commemorate the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the DRA.

2nd of March- the strike at the Severnaya mine in Vorkuta marked the beginning of mass strikes of miners in Russia.

April 9- during the operation by the police and troops to oust the participants of the unauthorized rally from the square, 16 people died from asphyxia (suffocation in the resulting crush).

April 21 The KGB Board adopted a decision “On the development of transparency in the activities of the bodies and troops of the KGB of the USSR.” (The statement of the decision of the KGB Board was published in Pravda on May 5, 1989).

April 29- in Leningrad, a heavy nuclear power plant was launched at the Baltic Shipyard missile cruiser project 1144 "Yuri Andropov" - now the flagship of the Russian navy"Peter the Great".

June 7- on I Congress people's deputies USSR established Interregional Deputy Group (MDG) of 388 participants (Yu.N. Afanasyev, B.N. Yeltsin, G.H. Popov, A.D. Sakharov, etc.) in order to “accelerate the implementation radical reforms in the country".

12 June- in Bonn in negotiations with German Chancellor G. Kohl M.S. Gorbachev announced granting Eastern European countries the right to freely choose a political system.

July 15- following the statement of the gathering of the Abkhaz people about their desire to secede from the Georgian SSR and join the RSFSR, 11 people were killed during the clashes that arose in Sukhumi.

In the first half of July, clashes occurred between residents of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan on the border of the two union republics. A curfew has been established to prevent further clashes.

August 4- The Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted a resolution “On the decisive strengthening of the fight against crime.”

11th August The Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee approved the draft Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (N 634–143 of August 13, 1989) on the abolition of the 5th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR.

On August 29, Order No. 00124 of the Chairman of the KGB of the USSR was issued on the abolition of Directorate 5 and the formation on its basis of Directorate “3” (protection of the constitutional order).

August 23- residents of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia held an inter-republican action “Baltic Way” condemning the “Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact” and in support of the demands for independence of the republics.

11 September- By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the disposition of Article 70 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR was changed. It established criminal liability for calls for a violent change in the constitutional order.

22 of October- The Popular Front of Russia was formed at the founding conference in Yaroslavl.

November 13–15 The All-Union Scientific and Practical Conference on the problems of radical economic reform took place in Moscow.

December 2–3- during a meeting on the island. Malta J. Bush and M.S. Gorbachev announced the “cessation of the Cold War.”

December 22- a conference “Gorbachev and the post-Chebrikov KGB” was held at Radio Liberty.

From December 1989 G. The KGB began to publish for limited distribution among the Soviet-party archive the “Information Bulletin of the KGB of the USSR,” which covered current issues of ensuring state security of the USSR.

13th of January- the beginning of the Armenian pogroms from Baku. During the pogroms in the city that lasted until January 19, more than 80 people died. On January 15, the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces introduced state of emergency in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region and in the adjacent regions of the Armenian and Azerbaijan SSR.

February 23- a meeting of representatives of the Central Office of the KGB of the USSR adopted an appeal to the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which expressed alarm about what was happening in the country and bewilderment about the inaction of authorities in violation of the legislation of the USSR.

25 February- the first anti-communist demonstration in Moscow gathered, according to various estimates, from 70-100 to 250-300 thousand participants.

February 27- The post of President of the USSR was established by a resolution of the USSR Supreme Council. On March 15, M.S. was elected the last president of the USSR. Gorbachev.

4th of July- V High school KGB named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky held an Open Day for the first time.

August 9- The Supreme Council of the RSFSR adopted the law “On the Protection of Economic Sovereignty.”

September 19- at a meeting of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR V.A. Kryuchkov took part in the discussion of the feasibility of forming the KGB of the RSFSR.

October 30- a rally dedicated to the “Day of Political Prisoners” was held in the park near the Polytechnic Museum.

7 November- attempt by A. Shmonov on M.S. Gorbachev during a demonstration on Red Square.

November 9- the beginning of clashes in Dubossary between Moldovan and Transnistrian armed formations.

November 23- the resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR “On the situation in the country” was adopted, which additionally entrusted the KGB with the tasks of combating economic sabotage, monitoring the targeted use of imported products and humanitarian aid.

And November- Congress Chechen people elected Major General J.M. Dudayev as head of the Executive Committee.

12 December- speech by V.A. Kryuchkov on television about the connections of national extremists with radical movements supported by foreign intelligence services.

December 13 and 14- explosions occurred in Vilnius: near the building of the Social and Political Center and near the building of the Republican KGB.

During the year, 16 attempts to hijack aircraft abroad were stopped, 9 aircraft were hijacked abroad by criminals.

25 February- at a meeting of the leaders of 6 countries participating in the Warsaw Pact in Budapest, a decision was made to dissolve the military structures of the Warsaw Pact Organization (by April 1, 1991).

April 10th- by a resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR, a Directorate for the management of special units of the KGB troops was created within the structure of the KGB of the USSR (Directorate “SCh” - order of the Chairman of the KGB No. 0 266 dated April 17, 1991).

the 6th of May- President of the RSFSR B.N. Yeltsin and V.A. Kryuchkov signed a protocol on the creation of the KGB of the RSFSR. Major General V.V. was appointed the first chairman of the KGB of the RSFSR. Ivanenko.

12 May Upon entering Israel, the head of the Security Service of the Prime Minister's Office, Shimon Levinson, was arrested on charges of espionage for the USSR.

June 17- during a speech at a closed meeting of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR V.A. Kryuchkov introduced the deputies to Yu.V.’s note. Andropov “On the CIA’s plans to acquire agents of influence among Soviet citizens.”

July 20- the first All-Russian meeting of the leadership of security agencies took place.

August 28 Established by decree of the President of the USSR State Commission to investigate the activities of state security agencies, which was headed by Deputy of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR S.V. Stepashin. A November 28 it was converted into State Commission for the Reorganization of State Security Bodies.

November 7 A demonstration dedicated to the anniversary of the October Revolution took place on Red Square in Moscow. socialist revolution and expression of protest against the political course of M.S. Gorbachev and B.N. Yeltsin. According to the capital city police department, about 400 thousand citizens took part in the demonstration.

December 8 signing by the Presidents of Russia B.N. Yeltsin and Ukraine L.M. Kuchma, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Belarus S.S. Shushkevich agreement “on the termination of the existence of the USSR as a subject of international law and political reality.”

The penultimate step towards the destruction of the USSR.

12 December- resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR on the denunciation of the Treaty on the Formation of the USSR of 1922. Resolution of the Supreme Court of the RSFSR on the secession of the Russian Federation from the USSR.

December 19th- Decree of the President of the RSFSR on the liquidation of the Inter-Republican Security Service, Agency federal security Russia, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and on the creation on their basis of the Ministry of Security and Internal Affairs of the RSFSR (Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR).

December 25- President George W. Bush announced the US recognition of the independence of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

27th of December- M.S. Gorbachev announced his resignation from the post of President of the USSR.

December 26- The Council of Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted a declaration on the termination of the existence of the USSR.

January 14- announcement of the end of the investigation into the case of the State Emergency Committee and the beginning of familiarization of the accused with the case materials.

January 22- solution Constitutional Court Russian Federation on the unconstitutionality of the Decree of the President of Russia of December 19, 1991 about the creation Ministry of Security and Internal Affairs of the RSFSR.

January 24 Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On the formation of the Ministry of Security of the Russian Federation” led by V.P. Barannikov on the basis of the Federal Security Agency and the Inter-Republican Security Service.

1st of February- during an official visit to the USA at Camp David, Russian Presidents B.N. Yeltsin and the United States George W. Bush signed a joint declaration “to end the Cold War.”

In accordance with this declaration, “victims of the Cold War” were amnestied in Russia - Soviet citizens who worked for foreign intelligence services (10 people).

From the book Rokossovsky vs. Model [Genius of Maneuver vs. Master of Defense] author Daines Vladimir Ottovich

The main dates of the life and work of K. K. Rokossovsky 1894 (or 1896), December 8 (20) - born, according to some sources, in the city of Velikiye Luki, according to others - in Warsaw. 1909 - after graduating from a four-year city school, got a job at hosiery factory. 1910 – became an assistant

From the book Kozhedub author Bodrikhin Nikolay Georgievich

The main dates of the life and work of V. Model 1891, January 24 - born in Gentin (Erichov district). 1909 February 24 - graduated from the gymnasium at the Catholic Cathedral in Naumburg am Saale. February 27 - in Cottbus entered the 52nd Infantry Regiment of the 6th as a cadet Brandenburg Division.1910, August 22 –

From the book Aviation and Cosmonautics 2013 10 author

MAIN DATES IN THE LIFE AND ACTIVITY OF I.N. KOZHEDUBA 1920, June 8 (possibly 1922, July 6) - born in the village of Obrazheevka, Novgorod-Seversky district, Chernigov region, in the family of peasant Nikita Illarionovich and Stefanida Ivanovna (before marriage - Veremes). 1929, September - entered the

From the book Legendary Kornilov [“Not a man, but an element”] author

Some significant October dates in the history of aviation October 2 - 75 years from the first flight of the Devuatin D.520 fighter. October 3 - 45 years from the first flight of the Tu-154 passenger aircraft. October 7 - 65 years from the formation of the N.I. Design Bureau. Kamova. October 7 – 50 years since the first

From Rudenko's book. Prosecutor General of the USSR author Zvyagintsev Alexander Grigorievich

The main dates of the life of L. G. Kornilov 1870, Born in Ust-Kamenogorsk on August 18, 1882. Graduated from elementary school. 1883, summer. Enlisted in the Siberian Cadet Corps (Omsk). 1889, August 29. Entered the Mikhailovsky Artillery School (St. Petersburg). 1890, March.

From the book Intelligence began with them author Antonov Vladimir Sergeevich

The main dates of the life and work of R. A. Rudenko 1907, July 17 (30) - Roman Andreevich Rudenko was born in the village of Nosovka, Chernigov province. 1922 - Graduated from the seven-year school in Nosovka. 1924 - Entered sugar factory unskilled workers.1925 – At the Nosovsky party conference of the Komsomol Roman

From the book Aviation and Cosmonautics 2014 03 authors

Appendix 5. MEMORABLE DATES OF THE FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SERVICE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (All dates are given in new calculations) JANUARY January 1, 1900, illegal intelligence officer Elizaveta Yulievna Zarubina, nee Rosenzweig, was born. She came from a wealthy tenant family and

From the book General Brusilov [The Best Commander of the First World War] author Runov Valentin Alexandrovich

Significant March dates in the history of aviation March 2 - 45 years since the first flight of the Concorde supersonic passenger aircraft. March 6 - 50 years since the first flight of the MiG-25 aircraft. March 8 - 60 years since the first flight of the S-58 helicopter. March 11 - 55 years since the first

From the book of the KGB of the USSR. 1954–1991 Secrets of the death of a Great Power author Khlobustov Oleg Maksimovich

The main dates of the life of A. A. Brusilov 1853, August 19 (31) - born in Tiflis in the family of General Alexei Nikolaevich Brusilov (1787–1859). Mother, Maria-Louise Antonovna, had Polish roots and came from the family of collegiate assessor A. Nestoemsky. 1867 - entered Pazhesky

From the book of the RKVMF before a formidable test author Irinarkhov Ruslan Sergeevich

From the history of the fight against terrorism in the USSR Paradoxically, terrorism, as an antisocial phenomenon that has accompanied the history of mankind since pre-biblical times, was precisely at the end of the 20th century. beginning of XXI century has received a planetary scope. Some are inclined to see this as one of

From the book Guards Cruiser "Red Caucasus". author Tsvetkov Igor Fedorovich

Appendix 7. The most important dates in the history of the Soviet Navy in the period from 1818 to 1841. 1918 January 29 (February 11) - Decree of the Council of People's Commissars on the dissolution of the tsarist fleet and the creation of a new, Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet. February 20–25 - From Revel ( Tallinn) to Helsingfors

From the book The Andropov Phenomenon: 30 years in the life of the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. author Khlobustov Oleg Maksimovich

Appendix 1. Key dates in the construction of light cruisers Name of the cruiser Construction plant Readiness as of December 1917, % Decisions made by the Soviet government on the further use of cruisers New names of ships Ship construction plant Date

From the book Konev against Manstein ["Lost Victories" of the Wehrmacht] author Daines Vladimir Ottovich

From the history of the fight against terrorism in the USSR One gets the impression, as former First Deputy Chairman of the KGB of the USSR Filipp Denisovich Bobkov recently wrote with good reason, that terror, terrorism is growing in parallel with the development of world civilization, if not even ahead

From the book How to deal with “agents of influence” author Bobkov Philip Denisovich

Appendix No. 1 Main dates of the life and work of Marshal I. S. Konev 1897, December 16 (28) - born in the village of Lodeyno, Kirov region. 1916, May - drafted into the army, after graduating from the training team he was sent as a junior non-commissioned officer of an artillery division in the South -West

From the author's book

Appendix No. 2 Main dates of the life and work of Field Marshal E. von Manstein 1887, January 24 - born in Berlin, real name Friedrich von Lewinsky. 1900 - enrolled in the cadet corps. 1906 - after passing the matriculation exam, entered the 3rd th

From the author's book

Chapter 1. “Main Points” of the USSR So, I want to tell you what I know. If you look at yourself from the outside, you can see how difficult and in many ways fateful for humanity the 20th century “did not pass me by.” There is something fashionable today in scientific, political and