The winch is one of the oldest devices that facilitates the movement of heavy objects, invented by man much earlier than he knew the laws of physics. The principle of operation of the winch is based on the rule of leverage: by applying minor forces to the handle, you can move and lift quite heavy objects. Winches and hoists are widely used on the farm for lifting building materials, dragging loads, and even for plowing land. Winches, powered by manual or electric drive, are also indispensable for lovers of off-road travel.
Buy a winch or make it yourself? Which winch design is better? The answers to these questions depend on how often you plan to use it and what loads you move. Winches with manual drive require the application of force, but do not depend on the availability of electricity. An electric winch can move heavy loads without any effort on your part, but it must be powered or battery-powered. Below are the designs of several winches that you can make with your own hands; which winch to choose is up to you.
Winch made from a cable and a piece of pipe
A version of the simplest winch, which can be made literally from scrap materials and in a few minutes, is popular among car enthusiasts. This design is a cable rigidly attached to a piece of pipe placed on an axle. The axle is driven into the ground or secured in some other way. Any lever is slipped under the bottom turn of the cable: a shovel handle, a pipe, a strong pole. By rotating the lever so that the cable is wound around the pipe, you can move a fairly heavy object, for example, a stuck car. This device cannot be called a full-fledged winch, but it performs its functions.
Manual winches include any devices that allow you to move loads and are manually driven. The most common winches drum type: a cable is wound onto a reel, and the reel is rotated using a handle through a gearbox: a worm or a sprocket system different sizes. The higher the gear ratio, the less force is required to apply to the handle.
For efficient operation The hand winch must be rigidly fixed to a stationary object; for this purpose, mounting holes are made on the winch frame. The handle is connected to a shaft on which a small sprocket is rigidly fixed. The coil is rigidly connected to a large sprocket, which has a clutch with a small one. The cable is attached at one end to the reel, and a carabiner or hook is attached to the other end.
Do-it-yourself winch with manual or electric drive
If you have the skills to work with a welding machine, you can make a winch yourself from scrap materials.
You will need:
- Pipe rectangular section for making a frame;
- Pipe or finished drum shaft;
- Sheet metal for drum discs, thickness 3 mm;
- Threaded rods M10-M12, 24 cm long – 6 pieces, nuts;
- Tube with a diameter of Ø14 – 6 identical pieces of 20 cm;
- Large and small sprockets and chain;
- Hubs for attaching the drum to the shaft and for attaching the shaft to the frame;
- Lever for manual drive, petrol or Electrical engine, operating from a ~220 V network or a car battery;
- A cable of the required length with a carabiner at the end;
- Welding machine and electrodes;
- Grinder with cutting and grinding disc;
- Paint and primer for metal;
Set of wrenches.
Winch manufacturing technology:
- According to the drawing, a 20x20 mm rectangular pipe for the frame is cut with a grinder. All connections made perpendicularly are obtained by cutting the workpieces at an angle of 45 degrees.
- Lay out the workpieces on a flat surface. Weld the winch frame using welding machine pointwise at the junction of the workpieces. Check the perpendicularity of the corners and the consistency of the dimensions, after which the seams are completely welded. Weld the platform from sheet metal with longitudinal grooves for mounting the drive motor. Remove scale and burrs with an angle grinder grinding wheel.
- Sand the frame, cover it with a metal primer, and after drying, paint or enamel in two layers.
- Start making the drum. Two circles of the same diameter are cut out of sheet metal - approximately 30 cm. A hole is drilled in the center of each circle according to the diameter of the shaft, and six holes are also made at a distance of 7-8 cm from the center. Drill holes for fastening the hubs - 4 on each disk. Attach the hubs to bolted connection. The drum disks are fastened with studs: each stud is secured in one disk, a Ø14 tube is put on it, after which a second disk is put on the studs and tightened onto the nuts and locknuts.
- The drum is mounted on a shaft. The shaft can be made from metal pipe suitable diameter or use a ready-made shaft made of high-strength steel from any mechanism. On the shaft with outside a large sprocket is attached to the drum - you can use a sprocket from a motorcycle gearbox, for example. Hubs are installed on the protruding parts of the shaft to secure the drum to the frame.
- Install the drum with the shaft on the frame, securing them with external hubs and bolts. An electric or Gas engine with a small sprocket rigidly fixed to the output shaft. Put on the chain and adjust its tension by moving the electric motor along the platform in the rectangular mounting grooves to the optimal position. The chain should not sag, but too much tension is not advisable - wear on the sprockets will increase, and the chain may also break. You can check the chain tension by rotating the drum with your hands - it should not hinder the rotation of the drum when unwinding the cable.
- Wind the cable around the drum, securing its end to the shaft. The second end of the cable is equipped with a durable carabiner. For ease of movement, the winch is mounted on a frame with a wheel pair using a shank.
- The shank on the opposite side is designed for attaching the winch to the car. In this case, it is recommended to close the drum protective casing, preventing dirt and precipitation from getting onto the cable.
- If the drive is planned to be universal, then a handle can be mounted on the outside of the shaft. In this case, in the absence of fuel or electricity, it will be possible to use the winch manually.
The presented winch design is simple and reliable, and although it does not have the ability to switch gear ratios, reverse and other auxiliary functions, it performs the task of moving heavy loads in a horizontal plane perfectly. If it is necessary to lift a load to a greater height, such a winch can be used in combination with a manual hoist or simply by throwing the cable over a strong support.
Thus, in today's lesson we looked at creating a manual winch with your own hands, subscribe to our group and stay updated on all the important news!
The winch is an indispensable device, as in household, and in the garage. Lift a roll of roofing felt onto the roof, throw a couple of bags of cement into the second floor window of a private house under construction, pull the engine out of the hood, and drag the broken car itself into the garage... This is an incomplete list of tasks that can easily be done alone with its help.
Drum-type devices for lifting or moving heavy objects differ in the way they transmit torque. From school course physicists we know how the shoulder works. Losing in speed or distance, we gain in strength. The phrase of Archimedes: “Give me a fulcrum, and I will turn the Earth upside down” precisely describes the principle of operation of the winch.
IMPORTANT! When working with such a device, the support points are the body and the place where the winch is attached. Both elements must be reliable.
A manual winch, with the help of an attached shoulder, increases human strength so much that one operator can move cars or lift weights of several hundred kilograms. With the same (from a mechanical point of view) principle of operation, these devices have various ways execution.
Manual drum winch - varieties
A hand winch with a drum is a classic of the genre. Except common element– the pulley on which the cable is wound, the devices have Various types drive.
A large, main gear is firmly attached to the drum. The entire load falls on it, and on the fastening. Therefore, the reliability of the elements must be at the proper level. In mesh with the main one, there is a small driving gear.
The ratio of the number of teeth is the value of the gear ratio. In other words, gain. The drive gear is integral with the drive shaft. Because the we're talking about O hand tools– a handle for rotation is put on the shaft.
The length of the lever also affects the degree of reinforcement. The larger the handle arm, the less effort you need to apply.
With the help of such devices, you can single-handedly lift several centners of cargo or move a car weighing 2-3 tons. At the same time, the rotation speed of the drum is quite high.
The design consists of two or more pairs of gears, each of which has a gain of tens of times. With sequential engagement, these coefficients add up, multiplying the force.
back side medals – proportional reduction in speed. Having such a winch, you can slowly vertically lift loads of more than a ton, but if you have to work with two bags of cement, the lifting time will stretch for tens of minutes.
A suspended hoist in a garage is used as a lifting device. The equipment helps to move heavy objects and make car repairs more convenient. Armed with the necessary components, you can assemble the hoist with your own hands.
A lifting hoist, also called a hoist, can be manual or electrically driven for automated use. According to technical characteristics, the equipment is a mechanism for lifting and moving various loads, including car parts.
The mobile trolley can be placed in any room, regardless of the available space and ceiling height. Depending on the type of design, the load capacity can reach 10 tons. A standard hoist is capable of lifting loads to a height of up to 12 m. The structure consists of the following elements:
- chain hoist, consisting of several blocks connected to each other;
- cylindrical coaxial gearbox;
- disc braking system;
- output shaft;
- hanger with hook.
Where is it used?
The lifting device is used to move loads of various sizes and weights. These could be objects household appliances, metal constructions and automobile spare parts. IN production premises equipment is used to lift loads and place them on top shelves.
Manual hoists are widely used during repair and construction work when there is a need to lift tools and heavy materials.
Varieties of hoist designs
There are several types of design that differ in installation method, design features, control option and others. technical characteristics. Choosing suitable option equipment for the garage, it is necessary to take into account the individual needs and parameters of the room.
Manually driven
Hand hoists are used to lift objects onto small height. The load capacity of manually operated equipment varies from 1 to 8 tons. Traction force on lifting mechanism is 30-65 kgf, which provides a speed of 0.3 to 0.1 m/min. The weight of the structure depends on the material and additional components and ranges from 50 to 400 kg.
Gear manual
Chain hoists with a gear mechanism are used to perform installation work within a garage or in an open space. The equipment is controlled at the load securing point. Gear models are equipped with a hanging hook and are easy to install and operate. Design features gear hoists allow them to be used as independent equipment or as a lifting element for cranes.
Lever
Lever hoist with manual control equipped with a hanging hook and can be secured to support beams or cables. The manual operating principle ensures independence from the presence of electricity. The design provides a locking mechanism for fixing objects in a suspended state.
Worm
Worm hoists, by analogy with other varieties, are used to lift and lower loads. When picking additional elements worm hoists can move objects along an I-beam monorail track. You can hang a stationary hoist on a hook manually or make a complete version connected to a mobile trolley.
How to make a homemade hand hoist: step-by-step instructions
Making it yourself manual hoist, just follow step by step instructions. Equipment can be crafted by following these steps:
- Weld the faucet legs to the I-pipe.
- Position metal corners at 45 degrees to create stiffening ribs that secure the rack. The bulk of the load being lifted falls on this rack, so for additional reliability, spacers need to be welded to it.
- If the hoist is mobile, rollers must be welded on each stand.
- Fix a pipe on the garage ceiling along which the lifting mechanism will move.
- Weld an I-beam in the center of the pipe to secure the roller mechanism.
- Insert the frame crossbar into the pipe.
- Drill through holes on both sides of the holder and fix the lifting mechanism.
Tools and materials
To build a hoist, you must first prepare a set of tools and components. In particular, to create a hoist you will need:
- an I-beam with a length of about 4-4.5 m (the exact length depends on the height of the ceiling in the garage);
- square pipe with dimensions 10x10 cm, 2 pipes with a diameter of 10-12 cm and a length of 2.5 m;
- Bulgarian;
- metal corners 10x10 cm;
- M16 bolts with nuts;
- lifting mechanism.
If you plan to install a mobile hoist, you will additionally need to use 4 rollers. The components are used to move the trolley.
Mounting nodes
One of the important stages in the construction of a mobile structure is the installation of components. First, you need to drill holes in the racks through which a rod with threads at the ends will be pulled. Washers are attached to the base of the rod and nuts are screwed on to limit the divergence of the posts. Then a chain is fixed on each side in the middle of the pole.
In order for the winch to move freely, there should be some slack in the chain. A block with a cable is installed on the chain, running along the middle pillar and fixed from the bottom.
Activation and performance testing
Before each start-up and operation of the hoist, it is recommended to check the functionality of the main elements. The following components are subject to inspection:
- Chain. Since the chain is responsible for holding the object at a height, it is important to check the load capacity. Periodic maintenance involves cleaning the chain from dirt and lubricating it with grease or similar materials.
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A hoist is a device for lifting and lowering a load. In addition, such a mechanism can hold the load in a suspended position. Hoists can be manually or electrically driven. With an electric drive, an electric motor is responsible for the movement of the cables. The manual hoist uses a chain mechanism. Such a device can be gear or lever. In this article I will talk about the principles of operation of a manual hoist.
Most a good decision To lift the load and work with it at height, a manual gear hoist is used. This mechanism is designed for raising and lowering loads of various configurations. As the name of this device implies, the mechanism is driven manually. This does not require an energy source. A person who does not have much strength can operate a manual chain hoist.
The operating principle of a chain hoist is not very complicated. This mechanism can be used as independent lift or as part of a crane beam structure. The hoist can be mobile, lever or stationary.
To work with a stationary hoist, the operator must be located directly next to the load. Thanks to the rotating casing, the load can not only be raised and lowered, but also unfolded for more convenient work with it.
The mobile chain hoist is attached to an I-beam profile, along which, using the carriage included in the hoist, loads can be moved in two directions: vertical and horizontal. Such a hoist, which is mounted on a carriage, is called a telpher.
How does a chain hoist work?
A chain hoist consists of two blocks and a chain thrown between them. The lower block has a chain sprocket, and the upper block has two sprockets of different diameters. It is because of the difference in the diameters of the sprockets that the load is lifted more efficiently.
In addition, we should not forget about increasing the efficiency of the hoist due to the block system.
Advantage of chain hoist:
Compactness;
Light weight;
Ease of use;
No energy consumption;
Durability;
Relatively low cost.
You can learn about chain hoists on the website stropu71.ru.
Here you can also purchase cable slings and other lifting mechanisms and accessories for them. The Partner StroyServis company has been supplying lifting and geodetic equipment for about ten years. In addition, the services of this company include the design and manufacture of slings and ropes of any size and type.
The movement mechanisms of hoists, the load capacity of which is 1, 2 and 3 tons, include such elements as a driven and idle trolley, and a traverse. Using the last element, the lifting mechanism is fixed and connected to the movement unit.
The hoist trolleys are attached to the traverse using vertical-type hinge pins. This design ensures a turning angle of the trolley of 15-18 degrees.
Thanks to the hinged design (guide rollers are provided on the vertical axes), the hoist with the movement mechanism freely passes along paths that have a minimum radius of curvature.
Due to the low-mounted electric motor, the movement mechanism of the electric hoist easily overcomes small switches.
The monorail mechanism for moving electric hoists is offered in normal and reduced dimensions.
The movement mechanisms of normal-sized hoists are equipped with one common sidewall on each side. The motor is mounted on one side via a flange. The connection between the motor shaft and the primary gear is realized through the use of a reduction attachment.
A hoist with a movement mechanism of reduced size is characterized by a different type of design. Instead of two, there are 4 sidewalls (two driven and two driven).
On devices with low load capacity and low lifting height, only 1 trolley is provided. The trolley is rigidly fixed to the body using a frame.
For hoists equipped with a pair of trolleys, 2 types of fastening are provided - rigid (frame) and hinged (special bolt).
Variations of fastening mechanisms for moving electric hoists
The design of the lifting mechanism is adapted to fix the unit for moving the load along a horizontal plane. Such mechanisms are being developed for monorail or double-rail tracks. Clamps can be of the following types:
- Rigid (hinged) – for a normal-sized movement mechanism. Pulley hoist 2/1 and 4/1. Figure 4A shows electric hoist with one trolley.
- Hinged (Fig. 4B I) – lifting device not rigidly fixed around the axle and road wheels.
- Swinging or semi-hinged - the lifting mechanism swings. In Fig. 4B shows an electric hoist with two trolleys.
- Non-jointed 2/1 and 4/1. Designed for hoists with reduced dimensions of the movement mechanism. The lifting unit is mounted on the side of the rail track. This design allows you to save useful space.
- Lifting mechanism with a unit for moving along a double-rail track. Fig 6.
Figure 4 shows a diagram of the movement mechanism, which includes an electric motor (2), a gearbox (3), a driving unit (4), and a driven unit (5).
A homemade manual hoist is a good replacement for industrial designs, because it is no less effective. So it’s worth getting such an assistant in your household, and we will help you do it and tell you about this device.
How does a manually driven hoist work?
A hoist is a suspended lifting device. It can be manual or with electric drive, the second option is, of course, more common. A hoist, in general, is a special mechanism for lifting or lowering various loads, as well as for moving them. The lifting capacity can be up to 10 tons, and objects can be lifted to a height of up to 12 m - you must admit, not bad for a manually driven mechanism.
Based on these indicators, use this device can be used to move various heavy goods, these can be household appliances - gas stoves or refrigerators, freezers or washing machines etc. Trade workers often use them to put goods on shelves. You cannot do without manual hoists during construction or repair work, where you often have to lift Construction Materials or tools.
An ordinary manual chain hoist has the following main elements: a chain hoist, consisting of movable and fixed blocks connected to each other; two-stage cylindrical coaxial gearbox, which has a manual mechanical drive; output shaft; specialized disc brake; additional load braking system; block pendant with hook. The operating principle is based on traction and load chain systems that have round links. The main types of manual hoists: gear and lever.
Gear manual hoists – is their popularity justified?
The main advantage of this type of hoists is considered to be simplicity of design and reliability. You can’t do without them in many industries: neither in the construction, nor in the mining industry, nor in agriculture, nor at fuel and energy enterprises and others. This device can be used not only indoors, but also outdoors. outdoors, even if there are no power sources. Moreover, such hoists are not only safe to use, but also unpretentious to use and have a durable mechanism.
The gear type of hoists is suitable for working with large loads weighing from 0.5 to 10 tons, and they can be freely lifted to a height of up to 12 m. A special load chain with a hook is designed for such a load, and the available additional drive chain will ensure not only good movement, but also easy movement of loads. You need to control the operation of such a hoist while standing on the ground. The action begins with the drive chain, this device is a stationary mechanism, and its purpose is to raise or lower loads from high shelves.
Monorails are installed indoors to move goods using hoists. Such stationary devices are usually used when there is no need to constantly move and lift loads. They are not designed for a large amount of work, and the movement speed is very low, this must be taken into account when choosing this tool. But at the same time, if you need to lift a fragile product or object, then these are the most successful hoists. Now we need to talk about the competitive model.
Lever hoist – advantageous physics of load capacity
This type of hoist is necessary for working with small loads, the weight of which is no more than 5 tons, and it can be raised to a height equal to the height of a person. It all depends on constructive solution. Raising, lowering and moving is carried out using a lever built into the body. The hoist is controlled by an operator located near the device. Such models are good for tensioning cables and lifting loads. Since they are not suitable for a large volume of work, utility services find use for them.
They are necessary when you need to tension cables or install pipes at the bottom of trenches, as well as for installing hatches. With their help, foresters pull out stumps, and industrialists place heavy equipment in workshops. Often their purpose is to lift a load in order to work with it, like this. It can be different renovation work, for example, in car repair shops. To make working with lever hoists easier, they are additionally equipped with special trolleys.
Worm worm hoists - a compact strongman
In addition to these main types of manual hoists, there are also others. Lately, worm gear hoists are often used. To operate, they are hung stationary or a mobile “cat” is used. This is convenient for moving loads horizontally; such hoists can move along I-beams. There are a lot of models of this type of device. They are used for lifting or holding loads in a raised position; they are also suitable for moving. Everything happens along a special suspended track made of I-beam profile.
Their advantage is that work can be performed in small spaces, and the distance between beams and loads can be insignificant. Such hoists can also be used for work outdoors.
They have some features, for example, a rotating casing (and the design can rotate all 360 degrees) allows you to control work from anywhere, that is, you can raise and lower the load in any position. This creates additional safety; during operation, the operator can be located on the side of the hoists and also from the load itself. Also this type The hoists are distinguished by their reliability, wear resistance and low-heating brake. All this makes them quiet and comfortable. And thanks to the low building height, you can work with this equipment in confined spaces in vertical positions.
Homemade manual hoist - a free household assistant
Often you have to carry out repair work at home, and you need to lift tools and materials. If you buy a manual hoist, it is expensive, and often you don’t have time. In this case, you can do it yourself.
