Carnations are beautiful flowers, divided into many types: Chinese, Turkish, garden, indoor, spicy. This flower is quite popular among gardeners for its long flowering, variety of petal colors, and unpretentiousness. Grow cloves in your own area or indoor pot not difficult, this plant takes root ideally as a perennial or annual, it all depends on the variety.

This type of clove is most often used for garden growing. The biennial forms a lush bush up to half a meter high. Carnation flowers cover the entire surface of the bush in an even and dense layer, forming a colored cloud. This is one of the most popular types of this plant. Southern Europe is considered the birthplace of the Turkish carnation, where the flower has taken root well in the wild.

Although Turkish cloves is a perennial; gardeners prefer to renew the plant every two years due to a sharp decrease in flower production. In the first year the plant forms a lush bush, and in the second it begins to bloom profusely for several months. In the third year, Turkish carnation practically loses all its decorative qualities.

The most popular varieties of Turkish carnation include the following: Red Monarch, Kupferrot, Vice Risen, Mirage.

Dutch carnation

This type of flower is known to everyone, because it is the one that is grown in greenhouses and sold in flower shops. The stems of the flowers are long - more than a meter, gnarled, the leaves are small, narrow, dark green. Dutch carnations are divided into three subspecies of varieties: tall (for sale), medium-sized and low-growing (for gardening flower beds). It was from the Dutch carnation that Chabot and Grenadine, which are considered to be separate types of flowers, originated.

This type of carnation can be either an annual or a biennial, it all depends on its growing area. In the southern regions, this plant most often grows for two years, in regions with a temperate climate - one. This is a fairly heat-loving species, but tolerates light frosts easily. The plant does not form a lush basket; the stems of this type of carnation are quite fragile, with big amount nodes The leaves are small, dark green. The flowers are double, with a large number of petals, up to 7 cm in diameter. The color of the flowers is very diverse, it all depends on the variety. Shabot carnations are very fragrant, have a long flowering period, and when cut, remain fresh for a long time in water.

The most popular varieties of this species: Zhanna Dionysus, Aurora, Luminette Mixt.

This type of two-year-old carnation is unpretentious and frost-resistant, which makes it possible to grow flowers even in regions with a temperate climate. The plant is medium-sized - the stem height is no more than 45 cm. Carnations form a rather lush bush with a large number of knotty stems. A well-developed basket has more than 180 stems with flowers. The flowers of this type of carnation are very large, very double, with a wide range of colors. In the first year a large basket is formed, the second year is characterized by a long and abundant flowering. The frost resistance of the carnation species allows it to overwinter in the ground without any consequences for the plant.

This kind annual plants It is distinguished by its unpretentiousness, good germination and high flower yield. The height of the bush does not exceed 40 cm, the stems are knotty, with a large number of narrow leaves. The flowers are slightly double, 6-7 cm in diameter. The flower petals are paired, with teeth along the edge. The colors of the flowers are very variable, some varieties are multi-colored. A distinctive feature of the species is the burgundy stripes along the petals.

Carpet stunted carnations

Alpine carnation

The height of the stems is 15-25 cm, the baskets of the bush are very lush, which creates the feeling of a carpet. The flowers are bright red, small, with a purple eye. It develops and grows well in poor soils, is easy to care for, and is suitable for forming borders and rockeries.

Lush bushes form a continuous carpet. The height of the stems is 15-20 cm, the flowers are small, up to 2 cm in diameter. The petals are slightly fringed, most often colored white or pink color. The species is distinguished by abundant flowering and ease of care.

Sandy carnation - lush flowering

Deltoid carnation

The bushes form a dense turfy carpet through which the soil is not visible. The height of the stems is 10-15 cm, the flowers are small, double, most often painted in white, pink and purple. It has high decorative qualities due to long and abundant flowering. The species is considered self-sowing, since after flowering it produces a large number of seeds with high germination rates.

Video - History of carnations: diversity of species

Growing cloves in garden plots

Soil selection and preparation

Carnation is a heat-loving plant that blooms beautifully on sunny places. Flowers do not tolerate shade and excess moisture, which immediately affects color production.

Plants grow well in neutral soils that are well fertilized. Peat, loamy and sandy soils are also suitable for flowering beauties. On heavy soils, the plant's flowering capacity decreases, so in the place where you plan to plant carnations, it is advisable to dilute the soil with sand or peat.

If the soil on the site is acidic, it needs to be deoxidized using dolomite flour.

Carnation has a positive attitude towards natural and mineral fertilizers and responds with abundant flowering. Before planting seeds or seedlings, it is advisable to add potash fertilizer without chlorine and nitrophoska to the ground. If the soil has been prepared since winter, you can fertilize it with manure. You cannot apply fresh manure under the cloves in the spring; the plants may “burn out.”

Growing carnation seedlings

Clove seeds ripen in a box. Carnation reproduces different ways: seeds, cuttings, layering. It all depends on the type of plant. Perennials are most often renewed and propagated vegetatively; annuals and biennials are usually sown in open ground or germinated with seedlings.

Step 1. Preparing the soil and seeds

It is customary to sow carnation seedlings at the end of winter or at the very beginning of spring. To germinate seeds, you can use ready-made soil or make your own soil. The soil needs turf soil and peat in equal proportions. Sand must also be included in the mixture, but in smaller quantities than the other components. It is recommended to calcinate the sand before mixing for disinfection.

Growing carnation seedlings

Step 2. Filling the pots with soil

The prepared mixture is scattered into boxes or pots. It is advisable to thoroughly water the soil with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Before planting the seeds, the soil should be well moistened.

Step 3. Sowing seeds

The seeds are immersed 1 cm in the soil and covered with a little sand on top. This is necessary for better germination of the material. After planting, the containers should be covered with film, creating a greenhouse effect. Optimal temperature for seedling germination - 18-20 degrees.

Step 4. Care of crops

After the first shoots appear, the process of plant hardening begins. The film must be removed and the pots with sprouts transferred to a room where the air temperature does not exceed 12-13 degrees. You also need to provide young plants with good lighting, at least 12 hours.

Watering seedlings depends on the quality of lighting. If the plants are under special lamps, the sprouts can be watered abundantly. If the sprouts need daylight, watering should be very moderate, otherwise there is a risk of triggering the development of fungal diseases.

Step 5. Picking the carnation

It is best to pick plants out of the box when the sprouts have produced 2 leaves. Plants need to be replanted in soil of the same composition. It is recommended to plant sprouts every 3 cm; the distance between rows should be at least 5 cm.

It is important to know. Experienced flower growers advise planting flowers directly into cassettes during the first picking, which will allow the formation of a strong root system. This method also makes it easier to transplant plants into open ground and protect seedlings from infection with various diseases.

Step 6. Transplanting cloves into the ground

At the end of April, seedlings need to begin to be prepared for transplanting into the ground. Preparation consists of hardening and pinching the seedlings. Hardening off should be done daily, but make sure that the plants are not in a draft. Pinching the growth point is carried out when 5 leaves appear on the shoot. This will allow a lush bush to form.

Sowing clove seeds in open ground

Seeds are sown in the ground in early May. Frosts of at least 4 degrees are not dangerous for the seeds; on the contrary, hardening will benefit the plants. Bush types of carnations are best planted at a distance that corresponds to the height of the shoots: tall - 45-50 cm, medium-sized 30-40 cm, low-growing - 20-25 cm. The distance between rows must be maintained in the same way. Carnation seedlings grown on window sills are planted according to exactly the same principle. But the landing time is the end of May, when the likelihood of night frosts is minimal.

Propagation of perennial carnations

Perennial carnation species can be propagated vegetatively; this method helps preserve the species characteristics of the mother plant. Since the lateral stems of carnations are branched and powerful, bushes are often propagated by cuttings. The procedure is carried out at the end of May. Healthy and powerful cuttings are selected and cut to a length of 10 cm; it is desirable that the cuttings have several nodes. The cutting must be cut at a strict angle. Then you should make a vertical cut on the bottom of the cutting, dividing the shoot into two parts by a third of the length. With this cut, the shoot is stuck into well-moistened soil and slightly compacted. If the procedure is carried out correctly, after a couple of weeks roots and then shoots appear on the cuttings.

Reproduction by layering is similar to cuttings, but the cut side shoot is not immediately separated from the mother bush. Separation is carried out only after the shoot produces its first shoots.

Plant care

pretty carnation unpretentious plant, which does not require constant watering. With proper lighting and the absence of stagnant water in the soil, plants will delight with friendly flowering all summer.

The location of plants in sunny and well-warmed places is also determined by the fact that young shoots of carnation are very sensitive to night and day temperature changes in spring. Temperature fluctuations have a particularly negative effect on young bushes that have not reached the flowering stage.

It is important to know. If the soil in the area is very waterlogged, it is recommended to make drainage before planting: a cushion of sand or crushed stone that can remove excess moisture from the roots.

Biennial plants that begin to bloom only in the second year of growing season should be protected from the cold during the winter. To do this, the bushes are covered with spruce branches so that a vault is formed from the needles, protecting the shoots.

With timely fertilization, carnations often begin to bloom again in one season. To provoke re-blooming, you need to cut off the stems with wilted buds at a distance of 8-10 cm from the ground. Then the soil at the roots of the bush needs to be loosened, complex fertilizer for flowering plants should be added and watered thoroughly. After 3-4 weeks, the bush produces new shoots, and the carnation continues to bloom until late autumn.

Fertilizer should be applied after transplanting seedlings into the soil or emergence of seedlings several times a season. Cloves take all types of fertilizers well; the only thing that needs to be excluded is fresh manure.

Growing carnations Shabo - photo

Video - How to grow cloves correctly

Diseases and pests

This pest “specializes” only in carnations; it does not need any other flowers. The results of the activity of this insect are visible to the naked eye: the flowers begin to fade, the petals quickly begin to fall off. This is due to the fact that insects settle in the flower head and begin to suck the juices from it. Special pesticides help get rid of aggressors.

Mole crickets, scoops

These pests literally chew the flowers into pieces, completely destroying the receptacle. The stems and leaves of plants are also affected by these insects. If measures are not taken, then in a week a brood of insects can completely lime a flower garden.

Heterosporiasis

The disease is caused by fungi. Gray spots appear on all flower organs, sometimes with a red border. If action is not taken, the spots begin to grow and unite. This leads to drying out and deformation of the plant. The fungus persists on all parts of the plant and pruning the bush will not lead to a cure; only special drugs can help.

This disease is caused by waterlogged soil or excess nitrogen. When rust occurs, pads form on the undersides of the leaves in which fungal spores mature. After ripening, the pustules burst and the spores infect other parts of the plant or fall on neighboring bushes. When affected by rust, the plant begins to dry out.

Growing cloves is not marred by virtually any problems. The only thing a gardener needs to know is that carnations are a cross-pollinating plant, so it is not recommended to plant flowers of one variety next to flowers of another variety.

Carnation Shabot Description

The Shabot carnation is distinguished by a compact bush, shoots are round, knotty, bare, with a waxy coating, narrow bluish-green leaves 4 - 12 cm long and 0.4 - 0.7 cm wide. Plant height is from 30 to 60 cm.

The flowers are fragrant, simple, semi-double or double, large 4 - 7 cm in diameter, of various colors - yellow, pink, white, cream, salmon, red. The petals of double flowers are often intricately curved, corrugated, folded, and deeply dissected.

This is a light-loving and heat-loving plant. The buds tolerate frosts of 2 - 3°, and the leaves tolerate lower temperatures. The Shabot carnation is distinguished by its slow development; from sowing to flowering it takes 4-6 months. Flowering is remontant, begins in early July and continues until frost. In bright sun, the flowers fade greatly, especially varieties with a pink color. The drier and hotter it is, the faster they fade. The flowering time of one flower is 5 - 10 days.

Shabot carnations are grown mainly for cutting, as well as flower decoration of ridges, flower beds, mixborders, for potting, landscaping balconies and loggias. Cut flowers are stored in water for 5 - 10 days and tolerate transportation well. Old varieties are suitable mainly for cutting.

Winters in open ground only in the southern regions. In central Russia, with shelter, it can normally overwinter in the garden.

Does not tolerate fresh manure and stagnant rainwater. Carnations grow best in loose, deep, permeable, fertile soils mixed with lime.

The seeds ripen 1.5 - 2 months from the beginning of flowering. Prolonged rains cause rotting of the petals and ovaries, therefore only in areas with dry and warm autumn possible seed production of cloves. There are 500-600 seeds in one gram. Seeds remain viable for 3 - 4 years. The yield from one plant is 2 - 2.5 g.

Shabo carnation varieties

La France – light pink;
Jeanne Dionysus - pure white;
Pink Queen - hot pink;
Marie Chabot - sulfur yellow;
Etinselyan - bright red;
Aurora – salmon pink;
Legien d'Oner - dark cherry;
Mikado – lilac;
Fire King – red-orange;
Luminette Mixt - with different flower colors.

Carnation Shabot currently has a new group F1 hybrids, which are used to decorate flower beds. The development period of such varieties from sowing to flowering is about 12 weeks. They bloom profusely with double flowers that densely cover the plant and have small height(15 - 20 cm), compact bush. This group is referred to in the literature as F1 Dwarf mixture. There are a number of varieties of Chabot carnations, grouped under the name Child of Nice, which have very large flowers with a wavy edge of the petals.

Carnation Shabot Growing

Carnation Shabot Growing from seeds

Growing Shabot cloves from seeds is quite a troublesome task. Since it blooms 5-6 months after sowing, seeds for seedlings are sown in winter (January-February) and, in extreme cases, at the very beginning of March. It is important not to miss this time.

Pour soil into the seedling container, spill it with water, then lay out the clove seeds. Then lightly sprinkle the seeds with soil (I usually lightly press the soil with my hand) and cover the container with cellophane film. It is necessary to regularly ventilate the crops. Shoots appear at a temperature of 23-25 degrees in about a week and a half.

After the first shoots appear, you need to remove the cellophane so that they have more light and do not stretch. If possible, it is better to illuminate the sprouts with a fluorescent lamp, since the daylight hours are still too short. If there is no such lamp, we can advise you to somehow install foil from the side of the room around the container with seedlings, which will reflect the light and add the missing lighting to the seedlings. Alternatively, you can sow Chabot cloves in a juice box, the inside walls of which are covered with foil. Or you can place the seedling container in a box or box, lined with foil on the inside. At night, cover the sowing again with cellophane. This must be done in order to create optimal conditions germination for those seeds that have not yet sprouted. We stop covering with cellophane overnight when all the seeds have sprouted.

It is necessary to water the crops moderately and carefully so as not to harm the delicate carnation seedlings. In conditions of insufficient lighting, waterlogging is dangerous for seedlings. As the seedlings grow, it is worth adding soil to the stems, since young carnation seedlings are weak and fragile.

If the shoots are too frequent, they need to be pruned. But even if the plants do not interfere with each other and are located quite sparsely, you can still pick them out. Each picking stimulates the seedlings to actively grow and develop; they seem to awaken from hibernation and begin to change before our eyes. During the period of seedling development, two picks can be made. The first one is in the phase of two true leaves, just plant it sparser. The second somewhere in April, already in individual pots or disposable cups.

To keep the carnation bushes compact and dense, you need to periodically pinch the tops of the shoots.

Carnation Shabot Planting and Care

Carnation Shabot Planting

In May-early June, we transplant the grown and hardened seedlings of the Shabot carnation into the garden, placing the bushes at a distance of about 20 cm. We plant the carnations in fertile, permeable soil. We choose a site in the garden that is sunny and bright. Carnation Shabot is quite unpretentious, quite cold-resistant and drought-resistant.

Planting Shabot carnations is not such an easy task. This especially applies to planting seeds. Propagation by seeds has other disadvantages. This especially applies to self-collected seeds. If we sow terry varieties, then some of the plants will not be terry. To maintain the purity of the variety, you need to propagate Shabot cloves by cuttings. Some experience of this has already been accumulated in central Russia.

Propagation of carnation Shabot by cuttings

For propagation, it is recommended to dig up and preserve in winter the uterine bushes of plants with the most beautiful double flowers, so that in March you can begin cutting them. A carnation bush can be dug up in the fall, planted in a pot and kept, for example, on a cool, light windowsill at a temperature of 18 degrees. Throughout the winter, the bush is pruned and watered occasionally.

In March you can start cuttings. Cut cuttings about 8 cm long, making an oblique cut immediately below the node. Cuttings are rooted in water or in containers with wet sand under a film. Rooted cuttings can be planted in pots. Young plants are transplanted into open ground at the beginning of summer. They bloom earlier than those sown this year.

There is another way to take cuttings from Shabot carnations. In the fall, before the onset of cold weather, you can cut off faded flower stalks with lateral vegetative shoots from the bushes. These shoots can be tied and buried in the ground to a depth of 15 - 20 cm. We also pour a hillock of earth on top and mulch it all with fallen leaves, peat, sawdust, etc. Having dug up the plants in the spring, you can immediately take cuttings.

Lateral vegetative shoots need to be broken out. For those suitable for rooting (about 5 cm long and slightly larger), remove 1-2 rows of lower leaves. Then we cut the cloves. We cut cuttings that have two nodes. We make the lower cut directly under the knot, the upper cut slightly away from the knot. Delete lower leaves on the resulting cuttings. We immediately plant the cuttings in a garden greenhouse for seedlings. Almost all cuttings take root. They also bloom much earlier than usually happens with Shabot carnation seedlings.

These young plants from cuttings usually have less large flowers compared to mother plants and bloom less profusely. But how much time and effort we spend on growing seedlings is saved.

Care

Caring for Shabot carnations involves regular watering, weeding, and loosening.

When flower stalks appear, next to each bush you need to place a support peg and tie the growing flower stalks to it. The stems of the Shabot carnation are quite fragile - they can break in a strong wind.

Fertilizing is carried out at intervals of 2 weeks, starting from the time of planting. Cloves do not like fresh manure; it is better to add well-rotted organic and mineral fertilizers to the soil.

For the winter, the Shabot carnation should be well covered. Then, with a snowy and mild winter, it can easily overwinter in the open ground. Before frost, you can dig up a bush of Shabot carnation and transplant it into a pot. This will extend flowering for another couple of months.

Having such an attractive name, the plant attracts attention for a reason. Its chic velvet look delights and fascinates. It stands great both in the flowerbed all season until frost, and as a cut flower for a bouquet. Carnation Shabot belongs to the carnation family, the existence of which has been known since ancient times. Back then, cloves were used not so much for decoration as for flavoring, enhancing the taste of dishes and healing. Breeders from wild species have created a huge number of species and varieties that differ in color, size, shape and stress resistance to weather conditions.

The hybrid species - Shabot - is a plant with a long growing season before flowering, so seedlings are prepared long before the start of the summer season. The plant is fastidious in care, but has its charm. Double and semi-double flowers on long stems, linear bluish-green leaves collected at the base of the bush, a wide variety of colors. There are monochromatic representatives and mixed ones, where the color goes from dark to light or combines several different tones of the same range.

Description of carnation Shabot

In Russia, the Shabot clove is distinguished as a separate independent representative of the clove family. Western countries consider this hybrid a variety garden carnation. Both versions have the right to exist, the main thing is that beauty is not lost from this. This bush species is compact and is often used for bouquet cuttings, and landscape designers love to decorate park and city flower beds with them.

The root of the plant lies at a depth of 10-20 cm, which is enough to obtain nutrients from the lower layers of the soil. The rhizome is long, strong, without lateral shoots.
Thin, linear leaves are collected at the base of the bush, creating a slight shade that will save the plant from drying out during the scorching sun.
From the root there are long, strong, about 60 cm, stems, on which buds with a diameter of 6 cm bloom.

Shabot attracts insects and humans with its unique, exquisite aroma, similar to the morning breeze of the southern sea; you can even feel the warm taste. To preserve the aroma, the petals are collected, dried, and created into sachets, which are used in decoration and simply as a natural flavoring.

Color palette varied, it ranges from delicate pastels to bright, saturated, dark colors. There are yellow, red, burgundy, purple, pink, beige, and white representatives. By combining several flower bushes in one flowerbed, you can create a three-dimensional composition or a thematic image.

Growing difficulties

Shabo begins to bloom six months after planting, which is not always convenient. December frosts, lack sunlight may not give good results germination and growth. The seedlings are prepared in advance so that by the end of May full-fledged bushes are formed, ready for transplanting. Flowering continues throughout the summer until the first frost, which depends on the climatic characteristics of the region and local weather changes.

Is Chabot carnation annual or perennial?

In general, the plant is a perennial, but in frosty winters it dies without additional protection, therefore often grown as an annual.

Despite the difficulties of growing, the plant has gained recognition among flower growers for its beautiful appearance and aroma. Following agricultural technology, anyone, both a beginner and an advanced specialist in floristry, can grow carnations.

When to replant Shabot cloves?

The plant does not tolerate cold, so when the daytime temperature drops to 10 degrees Celsius, the bushes are dug up and brought into the room where growth continues. So in any region you can save the flower until next year.

Propagation of Shabo cloves by seeds

The seed method of growing Shabot cloves is considered the simplest, so after the seeds ripen they need to be collected.

Collecting seeds

It is not easy to obtain seed material on your own; this is due to late flowering and short-term warm autumn weather. For full ripening, the plant needs dry, sunny weather with above-zero night temperatures. This condition is difficult to comply with in the territory middle zone Russia, but in the south of the country it is possible. Therefore, seeds are often bought in a store, where you can choose a suitable representative among a wide variety. To independently collect seeds in regions with early autumn frosts, the bushes are transplanted into tubs with soil and brought into a warm room.

There are about 500 seeds per 1 g, they are so small. Germination rate is high, up to 90%, but the sprouts themselves are very thin, even water can injure them. Before purchasing, it is better to check the collection time, which not all manufacturers indicate on the package. The flower remains viable for three years from the moment the seeds ripen, otherwise the attempt to grow seedlings will fail.

The seeds need about 40-60 days to ripen, so the inflorescences are cut off, tied with transparent fabric, polyester or tulle, and waited until the flower dries completely. Ripe seeds spill out easily, so a prepared canvas bag will come in handy.

Soil for seedlings

Light soils with neutral soil are ideal for Shabot. alkaline reaction, sold under the “universal” stamp. Such substrates contain required amount mineral and organic fertilizers, and the ratio of peat, sand, soil is ideal for flower crops. If you prepare seedling soil yourself, you will need soil from the proposed flower bed, peat, and river sand, which should be half as much. Before planting, the soil is watered with a universal solution of mineral fertilizers to ensure full growth of the plant.

Preparing containers for seedlings

The seeds are not large, so the sprouts do not need much space at the initial stage. Small cups up to 6 cm with drainage holes for root watering and root ventilation. Perforating the bottom will help avoid stagnation of water, which is dangerous for seedlings due to the appearance of rot and wilting of leaves. All containers must be disinfected so that the roots do not get a fungal infection during germination. A weak solution of manganese is suitable, which is poured over or soaked for 10-15 minutes.

Growing Shabot cloves from seeds When to plant

Sowing time should be carried out six months before planting in permanent places o, when the average daily temperature rises above 10 degrees. The southern regions are planted in early May; in regions with a sharply continental climate, the dates are shifted by a month. If the sowing time falls in December-January, then it is necessary to take care additional lighting. Natural light in the room will not be enough; special fluorescent lamps and botanical light sources that imitate the sun's rays will be suitable.

The seeds are not immersed in the ground, but scattered over the surface, and calcined sand is sprinkled on top. This way, it will not be difficult for thread-like shoots to break through the top layer of soil.

Advice. To calcinate the sand, it is enough to place it in an even thin layer in the oven or oven for 20-40 minutes at a temperature of 60-100 Cº. Calcined sand will help avoid damage by blackleg at the seedling stage.
Pre-soaking in a growth stimulator is not required: shoots appear quickly without an additional activator. Seeds are difficult to move into the soil after soaking; they stick together and are unevenly distributed over the surface of the nursery.

It is better not to make grooves, but to randomly distribute them over the surface at a distance of 1 cm from each other. This way, each sprout will have enough space to develop, and the space between the rows will not be empty.
When picking, the sprouts are easily separated from each other, they root system does not intertwine with each other.
The top of the nursery is tightly covered with film until the first shoots appear, then the film is removed.
If condensation appears, shake it off and ventilate the greenhouse daily to ensure a sufficient amount of oxygen.

Conditions for growing carnation seedlings Shabo

A little light is required, but the daylight hours should be at least 8 hours. The temperature for germination should be no higher than 20 Cº. If the thermometer rises higher in the room, it is necessary to ventilate more often. Even 15 Cº is not dangerous for seedlings; carnations do not experience discomfort. High temperatures slow down seed germination, so any jump in the thermometer will adversely affect the sprouts.

Soil moisture should be high, but without stagnant water, which causes rot in the plant.
Daily morning spraying with a spray bottle will help prevent the top layer of soil from drying out, and the seedlings will receive the required amount of water. Watering can only be done with a fine spray bottle, without bringing the stream of water close to the ground, otherwise the top layer of soil will be eroded.
Water can be used from settled, melted or rainwater collected outside the city in a clean area.

The first shoots can be observed after 4-5 days; they are easy to notice by the whitish tubercles on the surface. The bulk of the sprouts will appear in a week, so throughout the entire germination period it is necessary to maintain a temperature of 20-22°C. As soon as the first shoots hatch, the film must be removed - the seedlings need oxygen and a large amount of light.

Advice! Low temperatures down to 12-15 Cº will not allow the seedlings to stretch. Growing bushes need more light, but less heat. The north side of the apartment is suitable; if it is not possible to provide natural lighting, artificial lamps are added. If the seedlings still stretch out, carefully add soil up to the first leaves.

How to pick Shabo carnation seedlings

Early sowing of seeds determines a two-stage transplantation of plants. When 2-4 true leaves appear on the sprouts, it means it’s time to pick. They do the picking very carefully: they pry up the plants with a lump of earth with a paint spoon, a fork or even a toothpick, move them into new cups and plant them in pre-prepared holes.

First transplant: in time approximately a month after the first shoots, when the first true leaves formed. Choose shallow pots with a diameter of up to 8 cm, the soil is the same as when first planted. Watering as needed is better than at the roots using a spray bottle.

Second transplant: when the bushes reach 10-15 cm, such seedlings do not have enough soil in the pot, and cannot be planted in a permanent place for another 3 months. Select containers with a similar substrate with a diameter of 15-20 cm. Compliance with the temperature regime and the appropriate size of the pot allows you to form a branched, lush bush.

For the active development of green mass, you will need nitrogen fertilizer; you can simply double the humus content in the soil. For this purpose, ready-made organic fertilizers in solid or liquid form. Systematic feeding will allow you to grow strong, branchy bushes, and the buds will be large and bright.

The video will tell you how to grow Shabot cloves from seeds from sowing to picking and pinching:

the height of the first pot should not exceed 6 cm;
during the second transplant, the seedlings are transferred to a new place along with a lump of earth from the previous pot;
elongated stems can be deepened into the ground, but no more than 2 cm, up to the first pair of leaves;
it is important to comply temperature regime up to 15 Cº so that the seedlings do not stretch;
in sunny weather, you need to ventilate the room, giving the plant more oxygen;
you can regularly pinch a bush with 5 pairs of leaves every 2-3 pairs, this will form a spherical shape with abundant green mass;
when the color of the stem and leaves changes to a lighter shade, it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizer, preferably a solution for root watering;
bushes affected by blackleg are promptly removed, and the free space is sprinkled with a mixture of wood ash, crushed coal and sand;
after the second picking, the seedlings begin to be hardened, taken out to a balcony, terrace, greenhouse, greenhouse in order to adapt the plant to low temperatures, gradually reducing them to 5 Cº.

Compliance with light and thermal conditions, regular ventilation and pinching of the bush will definitely give a positive result. By the time of planting in a permanent place, the plant will be ready to flower.

Hardening off seedlings

Gradual acclimatization of the plant will avoid stress when the bush takes a long time to take root and the start of flowering is delayed. It is important to provide the seedlings with comfortable conditions; adaptation to night temperatures should be gradual. To do this, take containers with seedlings out onto the balcony every day, first for a short time, and later for the whole day.

In pots for decorating a balcony, veranda, or gazebo, it does not require replanting from a second pot. The plants are first put indoors at night until the air temperature drops below 10 Cº, and then hung along the edge of the balcony for the whole summer.

When to plant Shabot carnation seedlings in the ground

Having been well acclimatized to low temperatures, the Shabot carnation is not afraid of short-term spring frosts, when the thermometer drops to 0 Cº, a common occurrence in central Russia and the northern regions. Seedlings can be transferred to open ground to a permanent place in early May. In the south of the country, where spring comes earlier, the dates are shifted back by 3-4 weeks, to the beginning of April.

Soil requirements

Cloves respond well to organic fertilizers, but do not tolerate fresh manure. To ensure soil fertility, rotted compost and river sand are added for air exchange and good permeability. Peat will provide protection from stagnant water and make the soil light. Better fit earth with a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction.

Active growth requires a lot of nutrients, which is not found in sand and clay, so this soil is not suitable for cloves. The flowerbed needs to be prepared in advance; it is better to start in the fall so as not to delay the growing season. In the fall, phosphate fertilizers and humus are applied, and in the spring, a mineral complex is applied.

How to plant Shabot carnation seedlings in open ground

The plant, together with a lump of earth, is placed in a previously spilled warm water hole, ensuring the same level of penetration.
The lower leaves should not be in close contact with the ground, this will protect against the development of putrefactive diseases.
The distance between the bushes is approximately 20-25 cm if we want to create a dense carpet. Sparse plantings are done at a distance of 40-50 cm.
After planting, water well and mulch the ground with a 2-3 cm layer of humus. This will retain moisture and provide excellent nutrition for developing plants during subsequent waterings.

Secrets of growing Shabo carnations in the garden

To grow large inflorescences on long stems, which are needed for bouquet cutting, you need to follow simple rules, and do not forget about the fastidiousness of the plant:

Systematic abundant watering will avoid weak development of the bushes, and mulch applied in time will protect against drying out of the soil and oxygen starvation of the roots (soil air permeability will significantly improve).
Loosening the soil provides additional aeration, the roots receive a sufficient amount of oxygen. It is important to carry out the procedure after heavy watering or precipitation.
A week after planting in the ground, the plant is fed with nitrogen solutions, the procedure is repeated a second time during the period of active budding with complex mineral fertilizers.
Tall species require artificial support.
If large buds are needed, then the side shoots are cut off so that all the energy and nutrients go to the central shoot.
An unheated greenhouse will not help ensure early sowing, but it is excellent for hardening.

In the fall, you can move the pots with the plant indoors, but it is better to reduce the temperature to 15-20 Cº. If the seed method is unsuccessful, do not despair; you can prepare cuttings. To do this, in the spring, shoots are cut off from the mother bush and placed in wet sand so that they have time to sprout roots. This method speeds up the growing season, but the buds will be smaller.

The Shabot carnation will fill a garden or city flowerbed with a charming aroma and will delight you with its magnificent blooms throughout the warm season.

Perennial carnation Shabo wintering in the garden Shelter for the winter

Chabot can easily overwinter in the garden if the gardener is not too lazy to perform a number of operations.

In the fall, the carnation bushes are pruned by a third, along with the faded buds. Trimmed shoots can be buried in the garden for the winter and used for cuttings in the spring.
The shoots are carefully tilted (you can first make an earthen roller so as not to break the shoots), sprinkled with a layer of soil of at least 20 cm.
Cover the top with a thick layer of straw or hay (about 50 cm). Such a shelter will reliably protect the Shabot carnation from frost.

In the spring, after the snow melts, the straw is first removed, and when the ground thaws, the shoots themselves are freed (it is important that the frosts have already passed). Carefully inspect the bush, cut out all damaged or rotted sprouts.

Is it possible to keep Shabot carnations at home in winter?

Particularly valuable varieties of Shabot carnations can be dug up in the fall and transplanted into pots in order to keep them at home in winter. To do this, bushes with a lump of earth are dug up and carefully moved into a pot, trying not to disturb the integrity of the earthen lump.

The planted Shabot carnation is cut to a third of its height and watered with a small amount of water. Gradually, the bushes are watered less and less, and the temperature is reduced (by placing it, for example, on a loggia, and when it is completely cold, the pot is moved to the northern window sill).

Around mid-February, the flowers are placed in a warm, well-lit place and begin to be watered abundantly. It is also important to feed with fertilizer for flowering plants to stimulate the growth of shoots and the formation of flower buds. The regrown axillary shoots are used for cuttings of Shabot carnations.

The mother plant is freed from dried old shoots (they need to be carefully cut off) and planted back in the garden in the spring.

How to propagate Shabot carnation from cuttings

Shabot carnation cuttings are a common propagation method. For this:

Cut cuttings 5 cm or more long.
Remove the lower leaves.
Keep in a solution of heteroauxin or root according to the instructions.
Planted in prepared containers with soil for flowering plants.

Moisten the substrate and cover the containers with cling film, a plastic container or glass to create greenhouse conditions.
Ventilation is carried out daily.
When the first shoots appear, they begin to harden the seedlings, arranging air baths without shelter, gradually increasing the time.
When the plants get used to it, the film or glass can be removed.

Ready seedlings can be planted in the garden under established warm weather no frost. Such plants will bloom much earlier than those grown from seeds.

Video about cuttings of Shabot carnation:

Carnation Shabo at home

Many passionate gardeners enjoy growing Shabot at home. Since the hybrid is a perennial, the plant feels great in an apartment and blooms profusely. The main condition is to water it on time, feed it often (every two weeks is possible) and provide good ventilation.

Carnation Shabot prefers low temperatures up to 24°C and long daylight hours. In winter, the plant can be provided with a period of rest, starting in September. To do this, reduce watering and move the beauty to a cold place with a temperature of 12-14°C. In February, they return to a bright, warm windowsill and begin to water and feed abundantly. The beauty immediately puts out new shoots and flower buds.

After 4-5 years, the bush will begin to age, but this is not a problem: you can use its shoots for cuttings or re-sow the seeds for seedlings.

Shabo carnation varieties with photos and descriptions

The plant has been known since the 19th century, when the Shabot species with its insignificant varietal diversity. Some representatives are known and popular today among gardeners and florists. On family tree estates and dachas, the flower was passed down from generation to generation, preserving the connection of time.

Luminette Mixed is a tall, terry variety with long flowering. Continues to hold buds after transplantation into flower pot and moving into the house.

Knight Series Mixed dwarf terry variety blooms for up to six months, so it is perfect for balconies, terraces, and loggias. Once the temperature drops, the pots can be brought home.

Marie Chabot with yellow, bright inflorescences has been known since the 19th century. A popular variety among gardeners due to its elegant appearance.

Mikado will fill the garden purple flowers, and cutting for a bouquet will become a beautiful accent.

La France, candy pink, has become a classic representative of the Chabot look. Thanks to its beautiful color, it is in demand among amateur and professional flower growers.

The Pink Queen is bright pink with double flowers.

Fire King has a rich red color and is often grown as a cut flower for special commemorative occasions. Symbolism of the Soviet period, when carnations were considered an inexpensive, beautiful gesture of self-expression.

Jeanne Dionysus is boiling white in color with semi-double inflorescences.

Legien D'Honaire cherry color.

Agricultural holdings offer a varietal mixture for beginners, when the gardener is just getting acquainted with the plant. New varieties of Shabot for sophisticated gardeners who will appreciate the improved characteristics of the flower. New varieties are distinguished by active growth, rapid budding, and long flowering.

How varied are carnations! Graceful flowers Chinese, bright colors Turkish, lush curtains grass and terry hats Shabo– no matter what type decorates a flower garden, a luxurious plant will not leave anyone indifferent.

Strong carnations that have reached flowering age easily withstand weather fluctuations, practically do not get sick, and their lush bluish-green bushes, flashing with bright colors and delicate tones, are magnificent throughout the season. Despite the unpretentiousness of most species, it is important to take into account the basic requirements for planting, the need for nutrients, watering and reproduction characteristics.

Site selection and soil preparation

Most carnations prefer neutral or slightly alkaline soils, does not do well on acidic and heavy soils. Flowers grow best on fertile sandy loams and loams, moderately moistened and fertilized.

Plants do not tolerate the application of fresh manure and spring stagnation of water, which has a particularly detrimental effect on perennial species that overwinter in the ground - , sandy, spiny and gray carnations.

Plants love the sun and thrive in sun-exposed flower beds and garden beds, but can also develop well in the light, sparse partial shade of trellises and pergolas that cover the plantings in the midday heat. This will preserve the flowers longer and allow more lush bushes to develop. At the same time, in the open sun the color of the petals is richer and brighter.

The area for planting seedlings or sowing seeds should be level, protected from the wind, with grooves around the perimeter to drain moisture. Soil at spring planting processed in the fall, digging with shovels and adding well-rotted manure or compost in the amount of 8–10 kg per 1 sq. m. m, as well as lime on acidic soils.

It is not necessary to apply other fertilizers, and if in previous seasons the site was fertilized with manure, the soil is simply dug up, removing weeds and remnants of vegetation.

Features of reproduction

Cloves are propagated in two main ways: seed– through seedlings or sowing in the ground, and vegetative– cuttings, layering and dividing bushes.

Seed propagation

The method of seed propagation is effective for obtaining planting material of varieties And, can be achieved by sowing and , sandy, gray and grass.

Growing through seedlings gives early lush flowering, for this purpose seeds different types Carnations are sown at the following times:

Chabot and Grenadine– in January-February in greenhouses;
Chinese– in March-April in greenhouses;
Turkish– in May-June in greenhouses.

To sow seeds of any type, prepare nutritious soil by mixing:

humus (compost) - 5 parts;
turf soil - 2 parts;
sand - 1 part;
high-moor peat (neutral reaction) – 2 parts.

Seedlings are kept at a temperature of 12–15°C, good lighting and moderate watering with the obligatory drainage of excess water. They pay special attention to lighting in January-February, when the need for lighting arises.

Chinese cloves When the fifth leaf appears, pinch it off, which will give more luxuriant bushes. Young plants are replanted twice - when the first true leaf appears and when there are four leaves in a mixture prepared according to the same recipe as for sowing seeds.

Many types work well sowing in the ground. It is important to consider that although plants love light and warmth, they are quite cold-resistant, but do not tolerate frost. Therefore, sowing begins in April-May, and if there is a threat of frost, the seedlings are covered with agrofibre.

Blooming for the second year Turkish cloves, in addition to growing seedlings in greenhouses, they are sown immediately in a permanent place in May-June, then thinning the seedlings every 15–25 cm.

Chinese carnation and species wintering in the ground are sown in open ground in mid-April or November as winter crops. Perennial low-growing species – grass and sandy give abundant self-seeding, and at the end of spring the bushes can be planted or, if desired, left there, allowing a dense flowering carpet to form.

Cuttings

Garden varieties and hybrids, in particular Chabot and Grenadine, and Turkish cloves, may not fully convey selection differences, and therefore they are often propagated by cuttings. Seedlings often produce single or semi-double flowers and grow higher or lower than normal.

Carnation cuttings are a more labor-intensive method of growing than seed cuttings, but in this way you can get flowering plants required quality and preserve the desired variety. In addition, all types of carnations take root well and a sufficient amount of planting material can be grown.

Uterine bushes Shabo They are dug up in the fall, planted in pots, and at the beginning of winter the shoots are pruned and the plants are stored in the basement. In mid-January, the bushes are brought into a lighted room or placed in greenhouses at a temperature of 12–15°C and watered. After some time, shoots begin to develop from the axillary buds, and cuttings with 2–4 buds are cut from them.

An oblique cut of cuttings is treated with a root formation stimulator, for example, Kornevin, and planted in a light sandy loam soil mixture, covered with film, glass or jars. Rooting lasts 2–3 weeks.

Dividing bushes and layering

Perennial species overwintering in the ground - grass, blue and, in addition to seed propagation and cuttings, can be successfully propagated dividing bushes. For this in early spring carefully separate a section of turf with the root system and emerging shoots, and plant it in a permanent place. After transplantation, the bushes are watered, favorable conditions the plants will bloom this same year.

Reproduction layering possible for varieties with creeping shoots, for example, shoots readily take root grass and blue cloves. At the same time, it is possible to achieve the formation of roots on knotty shoots Chinese cloves or Grenadine.

Long stems are pinned to wet ground with a bent piece of wire, sprinkle with damp soil and regularly water with sprinkling. A sign of the formation of a new plant is the appearance of young shoots above the buried area.

Planting in open ground

Vegetative propagation of some types of carnations using cuttings is carried out throughout the season. planting cuttings in open ground. This method simplifies the propagation process, making it less labor-intensive, and allows you to obtain young plants in any quantity.

Valuable varieties are most often propagated by green summer cuttings Turkish cloves and Grenadines.

Green cuttings with 3–4 pairs of leaves are cut in late May or early June. An oblique cut is made under the internode, treated with a root formation stimulator, sprinkled with foundationol powder and planted in a light soil mixture.

Support after landing high humidity, covering the ridges with film and spraying frequently. Rooting lasts 20–25 days, and in the fall the plants are planted in a flower garden.

Transplanting of all types in open ground is permissible no earlier than the threat of spring frosts has passed, that is, in mid-May. Plants are planted in an area prepared in the fall, leaving the following distances between the carnation bushes:

Chabot, Grenadine, Margaret– 30–40 cm;
Turkish– 15–25 cm;
Chinese– 20–25 cm;
feathery, grass, sandy– 25 cm.

If you want to create a continuous border or cover the soil with creeping flowering shoots, the gaps between bushes for planting low-growing varieties are reduced to 10–15 cm.

Planting begins in cloudy weather or, if this is not possible, seedlings are planted in the evening. The plants are watered, the soil is mulched with high-moor peat and half sand.

Young plants obtained by layering are planted in the same way, separating them and placing them in a permanent place no later than mid-June. Bushes grown by dividing mother plants can be planted throughout the season, shaded from the sun in hot weather.

Planting care

Regular watering and fertilizing, protection from pests and diseases are the main techniques for caring for carnations. In addition, weeds should be removed in time and seedlings should be thinned out during seed propagation - weak young plants develop poorly in dense plantings, and when perennials grow weeds and may even die.

Watering

Plants are watered moderately; many perennial species tolerate drought well, slightly losing their decorative properties. At the same time, varietal and hybrid varieties with large double flowers require regular watering - every 7-10 days at the rate of 7-8 liters of water per 1 sq. m.

The next day after watering, loosening is carried out, destroying the crust, or the soil is mulched in advance with peat or humus 5–7 cm thick. This method will save moisture and improve the soil structure.

Fertilizer

Carnation is responsive to fertilizing; fertilized plants have more lush, densely colored foliage and bloom brighter. A week after planting and at the beginning of flowering, complex fertilizers are applied.

The first feeding uses a composition with equal shares of the main elements (nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus) or with a slight predominance of nitrogen. You can fertilize the flowerbed with a mixture of the following composition:

ammonium nitrate 6 g;
superphosphate 10 g;
potassium salt 3 g.

An increased phosphorus content will have a positive effect on the development of the root system. The proposed volume of fertilizer will be enough to feed 10 square meters. m landings. For the same purpose, you can use Crystalon yellow or green

During the bud period, fertilizing with a low nitrogen content and a high potassium content is used. It is enough to carry out two feedings per season. If the bushes Shabo They will be transplanted into pots in the fall, and the plants will be fed again in early September.

Disease and pest control

Perennial species of carnations, if the rules of agricultural technology are followed, mainly in the absence of stagnation of water, rarely get sick. During seed propagation at the stage of growing seedlings, varietal and hybrid plants can suffer from fungal and bacterial diseases, less often - viral infections. Of the fungal diseases, the greatest damage is caused by fusarium, alternaria and rust.

It appears in the form of drying spots with a brown or black surface and a pinkish coating on plant stems, most often at the root collar. When affected by fusarium, leaves and flower stalks turn pale and wither, and the plant quickly dies. To combat the disease, plantings are treated with a 0.1–0.2% suspension of foundationazole, the same drug is poured under the root, and the soil around the plants is sprinkled with dry powder.

It affects leaves and stems and is characterized by the appearance of black spots, further drying out and loss of the affected areas. To combat the disease, use one of the fungicides - copper oxychloride, Ridomil or colloidal sulfur.

When infected, reddish pustules form on the leaves in the form of small tubercles, in which fungal spores develop, spilling out of the pustules as they mature and infecting everything around. Bushes affected by rust are destroyed, and the plantings are treated with Topaz fungicide or copper oxychloride at least two to three times per season. If the lesion is observed in the greenhouse, carry out the same treatments and provide intensive ventilation.

Damage to plantings can also be caused by various pests of garden and flower plants ‒ aphids, mites, caterpillars, mole crickets, wireworms, thrips and others. In case of severe damage, pesticides are used - Decis, Bi-58, Arrivo. For treatments, it is advisable to use harmless herbal preparations based on wormwood, hot pepper, onion, garlic and pyrethrum.

So, when attacked aphids, thrips, mites plantings are treated with onion infusion according to the following recipe:

Take 200 g of chopped hot onions and pour 1 liter of boiled cold water(you can add a handful of onion peels).
The drug is infused for 15–16 hours, strained, squeezed and brought to a total volume of 8 liters.

Used for spraying plantings in the evening and morning hours.

Video about planting and growing different types of carnations

Delightful bright carnations are indispensable for decorating light flower beds and rock gardens, ridges and borders. Species differences between perennial and annual species require a special approach, knowledge of the characteristics of cultivation and reproduction. But the main thing to remember is that all carnations love light, need loose, nutritious soil and cannot tolerate stagnant water.

Among the more than 400 types of cloves, there are one-, two- and perennials. The stem is usually smooth, but knotted and half woody; the leaves of a green-bluish hue have an elongated shape, located in pairs on the stem. There are species with both single flowers and inflorescences; flower sizes vary widely. The aroma of flowers is subtle, elusive, and sometimes it seems to be completely absent. The edges of the petals (there are 5 of them in naturally occurring species) can be smooth or dissected, very impressive double flowers and the ruffled petals seen on some varieties. Petal color palette natural species includes red, pink and white shades. In artificially bred varieties, the petals can be colored cream, purple, yellow, and have a contrasting border or center.

The fruit of the clove is a capsule containing many black, flat-shaped seeds. Seeds are sown in all seasons except winter, both for seedlings and in open ground.

The most popular types are:

Dutch (gardeners especially love Chabot, American, dwarf, grenadine, souvenir de Malmaison);
Chinese;
bearded (Turkish);
garden;
feathery;
White - delicate flowers from pure white to milky. They give these with the aim of characterizing you as bright, charming and positive person.
Black (Turkish) - flowers so dark burgundy shade, which gives the impression that they are black. Popular as a tribute to people at religious and other memorial services.
Sandy - grows in clearings and meadows. At first glance, the vegetation is unremarkable, grassy, with fluffy, delicate flowers. White is also found here in colors. It is listed in the Red Book, so donating this species is out of the question. Among the people, sandy carnation has other names, more popular: dawn, field tear, maiden grass.
Green (Japanese, spherical) is an exotic flower, giving which you run the risk of remaining original forever. It is very rare in our country. Used to create beautiful flower arrangements.
Yellow - despite their attractiveness, plants with yellow inflorescences hint at some wariness. But a yellow flower does not always symbolize negative feelings.
Pink is a symbol of maternal love. Very popular in America on Mother's Day. It is worth noting that such a gift expresses gratitude. The color palette of inflorescences is rich; they can be from pale pink to bright crimson. It can be grown both for cutting and for decorating flower beds and ridges.
Chinese is a bush with a height of 20 to 50 cm, strewn with inflorescences during flowering. various sizes, color and degree of terry. It is widespread due to its unpretentiousness, resistance to frost and lack of moisture.
Remontant - single large flowers. This species is also called Dutch large-flowered or greenhouse. There are red, pink, yellow, purple, bicolor, orange and white carnations. This plant was developed by Dalme, a gardener from France. In any color scheme they are suitable for gifting either singly or in a bouquet.
Short. Perfect for flower beds and ridges. Due to the fact that the stem of the plant is not very high, it does not require staking.
Mountain variety is common in Asia and Europe. All types of flower of mountain origin have found their place in stone gardens.
Grenadine carnation is less popular among amateur flower growers compared to Turkish carnation. "Grenadine" is much better in aroma, appearance and ease of cultivation. The inflorescences are white, scarlet and pink, with varying degrees of terry.
Alpine carnation is native to the Austrian Alps. This compact species is perfect for use in landscape design.
Eastern carnation is a perennial. The height of the plants is small, about 10-35 cm. They are not suitable for cutting, but they look great in flower beds.
Lunar carnation is popular among gardeners. The color of this flower is soft lilac. Often brides choose it for a bouquet. The flower costs a little more than usual. The petals are dense, despite their fragile appearance.
Grayish-blue carnation is another representative of unique colors. It is a representative of perennials. The bushes of this flower are wide and creeping. Well suited for planting alpine roller coaster.
Indian carnation - this plant is not suitable for cutting. It can be grown both in the garden and on the windowsill in pots.
Dutch can be either annual or perennial. The height of the plant is between 30-60 cm. The colors are very beautiful and delicate.

Photo gallery

Carnation varieties differ in terms of flowering periods, peduncle length, shape, color and fullness of petals. Low-growing varieties are suitable for planting in rock gardens and along the edges of flower beds

Remontant varieties (their feature is to bloom more than once a year) with a stem length of 60 cm are grown in flower greenhouses and greenhouses for the purpose of subsequent sale. There are also low-growing varieties with a stem length of less than 35 cm. An intermediate position is occupied by medium-sized varieties (stem length 35-60 cm), which are convenient to grow on a balcony or in a flower bed. Dwarf remontant varieties feel great in pots.

Planting perennial garden carnations

To prevent the plant from dying, you need to take into account several rules:

experts recommend planting garden carnations in well-fertilized soil;
before purchasing, be sure to look at the photo of the type so as not to receive a surprise in the form of an unexpected color or size;
types of soil that are most comfortable for such flowers are with an admixture of sand, clay, peat;
prerequisite moderate watering is necessary: if the area is frequently exposed to water, the root system may rot; if watered infrequently, the plant will die.

If you really want to grow such a beautiful plant as a perennial carnation, but the soil does not meet the necessary requirements, you can try to adjust its composition: it is recommended to loosen the sour soil with the addition of dolomite flour, and the heavy soil with river sand or a small amount of peat. But even such actions do not give confidence that the plant will be accepted and will delight its owners with beautiful flowers.

To get timely seedlings, you need to sow the seeds in March, then, if germination is good, you can transplant the cloves into open ground in May.

To do this, you need to prepare one or more small containers filled with soil - sand, peat and earth calcined in a frying pan. Perennial cloves are sown on top of the soil in a container, then lightly sprinkled with sand and covered plastic film, it must be periodically lifted and the condensation formed must be wiped away. For timely and normal germination of the variety, the temperature must be at least 17°C. Planting and caring for this plant requires a little effort and time, but the result will please you. appearance and excellent flowering.

Watering should be done infrequently, as the soil dries out, and after the seedlings have grown two leaves, it must be pruned. The appearance of 4 leaves indicates the need for re-transplantation, and the 5th leaf must be pinched out. An important stage is the hardening process: pots with plants are taken out to Fresh air in the middle of April. A mandatory precaution is to avoid drafts, which can cause harm and the flowers will begin to hurt or die. You can transplant into open ground if the air temperature reaches 16-17°C and there is no sudden change weather conditions.

Carnation: types and cultivation (video)

Growing and caring for seedlings

Clove seedlings can be planted in a box with pre-moistened soil. Then shallow grooves (0.3 cm) are made in the ground, with 2 cm left between them. Next, the seeds are distributed along the grooves (not too thickly), sprinkled with earth (sand), watered with water and covered with transparent cellophane. In the room where the box with seedlings is located, the temperature should not fall below +24°. Periodically it is necessary to remove condensation that appears on the cellophane.

The first shoots can be seen on days 7-10. Then the cellophane is removed during daylight hours; you can also use backlighting.

At night, the sprouts should be covered to protect them from temperature changes.

Used for watering seedlings a small amount of water. It is recommended to add soil to the stem of clove sprouts to give them stability, and generally do this during the growth period. When 2-3 full-fledged leaves are formed, it is necessary to begin planting the seedlings so that they do not have competition for access to light. To obtain compact bushes, the growing point must be pinched, preferably several times. The grown seedlings are hardened off and towards the end of May or early June they are planted in open ground, leaving at least 20 cm of space between the plants.

Clove propagation methods

Reproduction can also be carried out vegetatively - by cuttings, layering. These methods are good because the new plant will have all the characteristics of the species.

A fair number of carnation varieties require propagation by special cuttings. The most the right time for cuttings - the last days of May and the first ten days of June. You should know that carnation cuttings are carried out correctly if the cut is located exactly under the node. The cutting should be approx. 10 cm and 3-4 nodes, the lower two pairs of leaves are cut off. Using a scalpel or a well-sharpened knife, make a straight incision 1/3 of the way deep into the stem, placing the cut in the section of the stem between the two lower nodes. The cut cuttings are stuck into a moistened substrate and placed in a cold greenhouse. Roots will form in 2-3 weeks.

Carnation propagation using layering is often used, especially if it has long vegetative stems (bearded carnation). As with cuttings, you need to make a vertical cut in the area between two nodes and then pin the shoot to the ground, sprinkle with sand and water regularly so that there is always moist soil in the area of the cut. When the roots have developed sufficiently, shoots from the node located above will begin to grow. At this point, the young plant can already be separated from the main bush.

Caring for carnations

In general, caring for a plant is not difficult; the Shabot carnation is considered the most capricious in this regard; using its example, we’ll see what kind of care is required. The flower will grow best on a sunny slope with well-moistened fertile soil, but it can also survive on rather meager lands. A carnation sown in January will bloom in July and will delight you with its blooming view until the first frost. After the flower stalks appear, support restrictions are placed near the bushes that will prevent them from falling apart. If the winter is not severe, but rather mild and warm, then the carnation can spend it in the open ground. Gardeners also practice planting carnations in a flowerpot in the fall so that they bloom longer, placed somewhere on the veranda.

During the period of spring frosts, we strongly recommend covering young carnation bushes, even if it is winter-hardy variety. Adult bushes tolerate frost well in the spring, but for the winter they need to be covered with lutrosil or spruce branches. When the frost ends, the shelter will need to be removed.

Diseases and possible pests of cloves

In order not to harm the plants, experts do not advise planting carnations near any variety of tulips. They can transmit their diseases to her, which will lead to the death of not only the flowers, but the entire seedling. But if you use remedies to treat the resulting diseases, then delicate types of tulips will not withstand this. This is the most significant warning for beginners and experienced amateur gardeners.

Cloves are exposed to such dangers as:

rot;
mites;
insect pests.

You can avoid such problems with the plant if you periodically check for pests in the form of diseases or insects.

Constant waterlogging of the soil can provoke the appearance of fungus. This situation can be solved by enriching, loosening the soil and monitoring its condition.

Scientists have discovered one feature of garden carnations - it does not tolerate constant noise, so it is recommended to place the seedlings away from roads, garages or areas with frequent loud sounds.

Growing flowers in the garden (video)

Varietal cloves respond well to fertilizing with humus. When the carnation fades, the flower stalks should be cut off by 12-18 centimeters, and the plant should be fed with mineral fertilizers (preferably complex), good watering, it’s worth loosening the soil. Then after a month the remontant plant can bloom again. The bush will please the gardener's eye for an average of 4-6 years.