Time notation in English? What are am and pm? Clock time in English for beginners Sentences with clocks in English

In English, numbers indicating the time are often followed by the mysterious letters am or pm. What is the meaning of these abbreviations and how are they deciphered?

Incomprehensible letter symbols with dots “a.m” and “p.m” are used when indicating European time, which is calculated in a 12-hour format, and not in the usual 24-hour format. For Americans, the day is divided into 2 halves - from 12 at night to 12 noon and is marked with the letters a.m., and the rest of the time is marked with p.m.

In other words, the abbreviation "a.m" is the time before noon: from 12 o'clock at night to 12 o'clock the next day. It stands for Ante meridiem, a Latin phrase that translates as “before noon.” The time from noon to 12 o'clock at night is designated by the abbreviation "p.m" - this is the time after 12 o'clock in the afternoon. It stands for Post meridiem, which means “after noon” in Latin.

Thus, in English, when indicating time, it is not necessary to say or write the word “o" clock after each digit. You can simply say “it is 5.” But to indicate that it is five o’clock in the evening, you need to clarify - it is 5 p.m.

National features of time notation

In America, the 24-hour time format is practically not used in everyday life; it is used mostly by technicians, police officers, military personnel, and people in professions that require precision. This designation of time is called “military time”.

In documents, Americans mark midnight as 11:59 p.m., and noon as 12:01 a.m., in order to avoid legal incidents and other discrepancies.

Europeans are already accustomed to this type of time calculation, but we are closer to our native 24-hour format, it eliminates confusion with “noons.” In the world, almost all mechanical watches (with hands) are marked according to the English system, that is, the 24-hour format. Electronic ones can show time using two systems. So, in America, for example, clocks showing am and pm are quite common.

Learning by example

Meaning of abbreviations a.m./p.m. best learned through examples. So:

  • 1 a.m. means 1 am;
  • 2 a.m., 3 a.m. and so on, until 8 a.m. mean 2 am, 3 am and 8 am;
  • time from 9 a.m. and until 11 a.m. considered "late morning" from 9 to 11 am;
  • 1 p.m. - it's 1 o'clock in the afternoon, 2 p.m. - 2 pm and so on, until 6 p.m. (six pm) and until 11 p.m. (11 p.m);

It can be expressed differently as follows:

Examples with translation

  • 03:17 a.m. m - Three seventeen in the morning (three seventeen in the morning).
  • 04:40 p.m. — Four forty p.m. in the afternoon (four forty days).
  • If the exact time is specified, a specific hour without minutes, this hour is called + “o" clock.
  • 10:00 - ten o'clock (ten hours).
  • 09:00 — nine o’clock (nine hours).
  • It is five fifteen AM. — It’s five fifteen in the morning.
  • It's seven thirty PM. — It’s seven thirty in the evening.
  • Examples of tenses in sentences
  • This letter we must send out at 3 a.m. — We must send this letter at 3 am.
  • Roger Brown arrived in New-Jersey at 7:44 A.M. — Roger Brown arrived in New Jersey at 7:44 am.
  • Opening Hours: Monday - Saturday 8 am - 8 pm, Sundays 10 am - 7 pm. — Opening hours: Monday - Saturday from 8 am to 8 pm, on Sundays from 10 am to 7 pm.
  • Tomorrow I’ll wake up at 7 am, no the latter. — Tomorrow I will wake up at 7 o’clock in the morning, not earlier.
  • Their flight to Boston would leave Glasgow at 7:10 a.m. Friday. — Their flight to Boston will leave Glasgow at 7:10 am on Friday.
  • Today I’m going to work up to 9 p.m. — Today I’m going to work until 9 pm.
  • My wife usually wakes up at 5 a.m. — My wife usually wakes up at 5 am.
  • We estimate him here by 11:25 p.m. — We estimate that he will be here before 11.25 pm.
  • Open today: 7:00 am – 10:00 pm. — Opening hours today: from 7:00 am to 10:00 pm.

Conversion table from AM and PM to 24 hour format

24 hour format 12 hour format In colloquial speech
00:00 (midnight)12:00 a.m. (midnight)Twelve at night
01:00 1:00 a.m.One o'clock in the morning
02:00 2:00 a.m.Two nights
03:00 3:00 a.m.Three nights
04:00 4:00 a.m.Four nights
05:00 5:00 a.m.Five in the morning
06:00 6:00 a.m.Six in the morning
07:00 7:00 a.m.Seven in the morning
08:00 8:00 a.m.Eight in the morning
09:00 9:00 a.m.Nine in the morning
10:00 10:00 a.m.Ten in the morning
11:00 11:00 a.m.Eleven in the morning
12:00 (noon)12:00 p.m. (noon)Twelve days
13:00 1:00 p.m.One o'clock
14:00 2:00 p.m.Two days
15:00 3:00 p.m.Three days
16:00 4:00 p.m.Four days
17:00 5:00 p.m.Five days
18:00 6:00 p.m.Six p.m.
19:00 7:00 p.m.Seven pm
20:00 8:00 p.m.Eight pm
21:00 9:00 p.m. mNine pm
22:00 10:00 p.m.Ten pm
23:00 11:00 p.m.Eleven pm

1 Voiced expressions on the topic


Additional words and expressions

time- time; clock- watch; hour– hour; second– second; minute– minute

What time is it?(What is the time?; What o"clock is it?) - What time is it (what time is it)?

About the watch

watch– watches (pocket, wrist); alarm clock– clock with alarm; cuckoo clock- Cuckoo-clock; tick, tick(of a clock) – colloquial. ticking (of a clock)

clock-face- clock face; hand– clock hand; hour hand- hour hand; minute hand- minute hand; second hand- second hand

2 Time notation in English

The designation of time in English is somewhat different from that adopted in Russian. To indicate exactly the number of hours numerals are used with words o"clock or a.m. And p.m., wherein a.m. stands for morning, A p.m.day or evening:

6 o"clock- 6 hours;
7 p.m.- 7 pm;
4 a.m.- 4 a.m.

(a.m., A.M.- abbreviation from Lat. the expression ante meridiem, meaning "before noon";
p.m., P.M.- abbreviation from Lat. expression post meridiem, meaning "after noon")

To indicate hours and minutes two options are used:

1. Only used numerals, if necessary with the addition a.m. And p.m.:

nine thirty two– nine thirty two
nine thirty two a.m.– nine thirty-two in the morning (9:30 to noon)
two fifty– two fifty
two fifty p.m.– two fifty days (2:50 p.m.)

2. Expressions like “two minutes to one”, “seventeen minutes to five” are used. To do this, use numerals denoting the number of minutes with the preposition past, if you mean first half of the current hour,
with a pretext to, if you mean remaining minutes until the next hour:

ten past five– ten minutes past six (literally ten minutes after five);
twenty past eight in the evening- twenty minutes past nine in the evening;
thirteen minutes past twelve in the afternoon– thirteen minutes of the first day;
five to six- five to six;
twenty to eleven at night– twenty five minutes to eleven in the evening;
nineteen minutes to seven in the morning- nineteen minutes to seven in the morning.

At the same time, the numerals 10, 15, 20, 25 And 30 can be used without mentions of the word minutes, after all other numerals denoting the number of minutes, the use of words minute or minutes Necessarily. In this case, the following options are used to clarify the time of day:

in the morning– morning ( from 01.00 to 11.59)
in the afternoon– day ( from 12.00 to 16.59)
in the evening– evenings ( from 17.00 to 21.59)
at night– nights ( from 22.00 to 00.59)

(More information about the time of day can be found.)

The construction used to denote half an hour is half pasthalf an hour after specified hour:

half past twelve- half past twelve;
half past six- half past six;
half past twelve at night– half past midnight;
half past six in the evening- half past seven in the evening.

The word used to denote a quarter hour is quarter with a pretext past, if you mean quarter of the current hour, with preposition to, if you mean It is a quarter to one:

quarter past six– quarter past seven
quarter to three- a quarter to three
quarter past six in the morning– quarter past seven in the morning
quarter to three in the afternoon- quarter to three days

Please note that in constructions with a preposition past in English the previous hour is used, not the next one, as in Russian.


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3 How to call the exact number of hours (video)



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4 How to name hours and minutes (video)


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5 Time and clocks in English idioms

like a clock- precise, punctual, like a clock (about a person)
(a)round the clock– around the clock
eat up the clock(kill the clock) – American; sport. play for time
clock in/off– mark the time of arrival / departure from work
clock up– record as an asset, among achievements
face that would stop a clock– very unattractive face; very beautiful face
turn (or put) back the clock- turn back time
five o'clock shadow– stubble, unshaven
against the clock- for a limited time, for a limited time



it beats my time- that beats me
sell time– provide airtime (for a fee on radio or television)
pass the time of day with smb.- say hello, exchange greetings
not before time- It is high time
it is only a question of time– colloquial it's just a matter of time
take your time!- do not hurry!
next time lucky- better luck next time



a bit over a minute- a minute or two
a minute over- not a minute more
up to the minute– ultra-modern



zero hour (= H-hour)– the hour chosen to start something; decisive hour, time "H", appointed hour,
the small hours (= wee hours)– pre-dawn hours; first hours after midnight
happy hour– “happy hour” (time when alcoholic drinks in the bar are sold at a discount)
pumpkin hour- the appointed hour (when the carriage turns into a pumpkin - in the fairy tale about Cinderella)
every hour on the hour– exactly at the beginning of every hour (at zero–zero minutes)
on the half hour– every half hour
hours on end (for hours on end)- endlessly
(at)all hours- all day long
after (office) hours- after work
to keep late hours- sit up late
one's finest hour– finest hour
rush hour- peak hour
ungodly hour- inopportune hour


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6 Time in English proverbs and sayings

One cannot put back the clock.
You can't undo the past.

Lost time is never found again.
You can't get back lost time.

A stitch in time saves nine.
One stitch, but on time, is worth nine.

Time is money.
Time is money.

Procrastination is the thief of time.
Don't put off until tomorrow what you can do today.

Take time by the forelock.
Strike while the iron is hot.

An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.
The morning is wiser than the evening.

The darkest hour is just before the dawn.
The darkest hour is closest to dawn.


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7 Games, songs and fairy tales in English on the topic: clocks and time (flash)

About the Greenwich meridian

Greenwich Meridian, the prime meridian passing through the city of Greenwich - site of the old Greenwich Astronomical Observatory in Great Britain. It serves as the beginning of the countdown of geographic longitudes and time zones of the globe. Universal time (mean solar time of the Greenwich meridian) is counted from midnight and differs by 3 hours from Moscow (15 hours Moscow time corresponds to 12 hours universal time).
The Greenwich meridian was adopted as the point of reference for longitude around the globe in 1884. Until this time, different countries used their national prime meridians (in France they used the “Paris Meridian”, in Russia – the “Pulkovo Meridian”).

Exercises and puzzles on the topic: clocks and time (in English)

Children's songs on the topic: clocks and time (in English)

Hickory dickory dock

The clock

Inside Big Ben

"Big Ben" is a large bell (weighing more than 13 tons) on the clock tower of the British Parliament, the name is also often referred to the clock and the tower as a whole. Officially, until recently, the tower bore the name of St. Stephen; since September 2012, it changed its name to “Elizabeth Tower”. The tower was erected in 1858, the clock was put into operation in 1859. Since then, Big Ben has become one of the most recognizable symbols of Great Britain.

Big Ben and Little Bens

Charles Bury, the architect who built the Palace of Westminster, asked Parliament for a grant in 1844 to build a clock on St. Stephen's Tower. The mechanic Benjamin Valliami took on the task of constructing the clock. It was decided that the new clock would be the largest and most accurate in the world, and its bell would be the heaviest, so that its ringing could be heard, if not throughout the empire, then at least throughout its entire capital.
When the clock project was completed, disputes began between its author and the authorities regarding the required accuracy of the clock. The Astronomer Royal, Professor George Airy, insisted that the first chime of the bell every hour should be accurate to one second. The accuracy had to be checked hourly by telegraph linking Big Ben with the Greenwich Observatory.
Valyami said that such precision is not possible for watches exposed to winds and bad weather, and that no one needs it at all. This dispute lasted for five years, and Airy won. Valyamy's project was rejected. The watch with the required accuracy was designed by a certain Dent. They weighed five tons.
Then considerable efforts began to cast the bell and debates in parliament on this matter. It is to this time that versions of the origin of the name “Big Ben” are attributed. The versions are as follows: this is either the name of the chairman of the parliamentary commission, Benjamin Hall, or the name of the famous boxer Benjamin Count.

Less Ben
When the clock and bell were already raised and mounted, it turned out that the cast iron hands were too heavy, and they were cast from a lighter alloy. The clock was opened on May 31, 1859. Until 1912, the clocks were illuminated by gas jets, which were later replaced by electric lamps. And the chimes sounded on the radio for the first time on December 31, 1923.
After St. Stephen's Tower was hit by a bomb during the Second World War, the clock became less accurate.
These watches gained incredible popularity both in England and abroad. In London, many "Little Bens" appeared, small copies of St. Stephen's Tower with a clock on top. Such towers - something between an architectural structure and a living room grandfather clock - began to be erected at almost all intersections.
The most famous "Little Ben" is located at Victoria railway station, but in fact in almost every area of ​​London you can find a little Ben.

Alexander Voronikhin, bbcrussian.com

You can ask the time in English in various ways:

  • What's the time?
  • What time is it?
  • What time is it now?
  • Do you know what time it is?
  • Could you tell me the time, please?
  • Have you got the time, please?

All 6 options are almost identical, the differences lie only in the formality of communication. If you are asking a stranger for the time and are trying to be tactful, use the polite form with “could.”

Typically English notation for time periods

We all know four periods of time: morning, afternoon, evening and night. In English, the prepositions “in” and “at” are used to indicate one of these periods:

  • in the morning - in the morning;
  • in the afternoon - during the day;
  • in the evening - in the evening;
  • in the / at night - at night.

The British and Americans are accustomed to dividing the day into 12 hours or into the first and second half of the day. You can often find the following abbreviations on alarm clocks or watches:

  • a.m. (lat. ante meridiem) - before noon.
  • p.m. (lat. post meridiem) - after noon.

In other words, from 00:00 to 12:00 is a.m., and from 12:00 to 00:00 is p.m.

3 ways to say the exact time in English

There are three ways to tell the time: the first will immediately make you look like a foreigner, the second - a European, and the third - a military man.

1. Pronounce hours and minutes as they are

You can pronounce the numbers as they are, and a foreigner will understand you without difficulty. However, such a phrase will sound very dry.

  • 6:25 - It's six twenty-five (six twenty-five).
  • 8:05 - It's eight O-five (eight zero five). No “zero”; zero in English sounds like [əu].
  • 9:11 - It "s nine eleven (nine eleven).
  • 2:34 - It's two thirty-four (two thirty-four).

2. Divide the hour into a whole, a quarter and a half.

O'clock

To denote whole hours, the phrase o"clock is used. No minutes with o'clock are indicated.

  • 10:00 - It's ten o'clock.
  • 5:00 - It's five o'clock.
  • 1:00 - It's one o'clock.

Past and To

The following prepositions and particles are used to indicate minutes: “past”, “after”, “of” and “to”. Moreover, the word minutes is omitted altogether. The prepositions “past / after / of” are used to denote a part of an hour from one to 30 minutes and are translated as “after”:

It"s 10 minutes past/after/of 4 - 10 minutes after four or 10 minutes after five.

The particle “to” indicates the time from 31 to 59 minutes. In Russian we translate it with the preposition “without” or “before”:

It"s 20 minutes to 8 - 20 minutes before eight or twenty minutes to eight.

Quarter and Half

The English reserve two words for quarters and halves: “quarter” and “half”. The first can be used both with “past” and “after”, but the second can only be used with “after”.

  • It's a quarter after one - a quarter after an hour, one fifteen.
  • It's a quarter to four - a quarter to four, fifteen to 4.
  • It's half past six - half after six, half past six.

12:00

Noon or midnight is indicated by the following options:

  • twelve o"clock (both);
  • midday = noon (noon);
  • midnight (midnight).

Exact preposition at

The preposition at is used in cases where we want to associate a specific time with a specific event or object.

  • The bus arrives at midday (12:00). The bus arrives at noon.
  • The flight leaves at a quarter to two (1:45). The plane takes off at one forty-five.
  • The concert begins at ten o'clock. (10:00). The concert begins at ten o'clock.

3. We tell time like soldiers

The US military uses 24-hour military time or "military time". Calculations occur in hundreds and tens.

  • 23:00 - twenty three o’hundred;
  • 15:00 - fifteen hundred hours;
  • 17:50 - seventeen o’fifty.

“You need to report to the office at fifteen hundred hours today. After that you can leave at seventeen o’fifty.”
“You need to report to the office at 15:00. At 17:50 you can be free.”

Time table in hours and minutes

For better memorization and consolidation of the material, I will provide a detailed table with numerical examples of time notation.

When composing phrases and sentences, as well as in colloquial speech that mention the time of day or night in English, the following are used: in, at - as prepositions of time, language constructs: half past - half after, quarter past - quarter after and other English words and phrases. Let's talk about all this in more detail and in order.

What time is it in English.

First, let's look at a few examples:

Example 1.

How do you say 8 hours 15 minutes in English?

  • Quarter past eight - [ˈk(w)ɔːtə pɑːst eɪt ] -
  • - fifteen minutes past eight;

In this example quarter - quarter, past - in a temporary sense indicates a later action: later, for, after, eight - eight, The literal translation looks like this: a quarter after eight, and the semantic translation into Russian: fifteen minutes past eight.

Example 2.

As it will be in English 17 hours 30 minutes.

  • Half past five - [ hɑːf pɑːst faɪv ] -
  • - half past six;

half - half, past - after, five - five; half after five- half past six.

Example 3.

How to say it in English: 20 hours 25 minutes.

  • Twenty-five past eight - [ˈtwɛnti faɪv pɑːst eɪt ] -
  • - twenty-five minutes past eight;

Twenty-five - twenty five, past - after, eight - eight, twenty five minutes after eight- twenty-five minutes past nine.

Example 4.

As it will be in English 18 hours 40 minutes.

  • Twenty to seven - [ˈtwɛnti tuː ˈsɛv(ə)n ] -
  • - twenty minutes to seven.

Rules of use:

Rule 1.
When to use - o"clock.

When you call time without minutes, (eight, five, two hours) the word is used - o "clock - [ əˈklɒk ]. Example:

  • It"s five o"clock in the morning - [ɪts faɪv əˈklɒk ɪn ðə: ˈmɔːnɪŋ] -
  • - It's five o'clock in the morning.

If you say time with minutes, (one hour fifteen minutes), word - o "clock not used. Instead, use: past or to.

Rule 2.

In what cases to use: past - [ pɑːst ] and to - [ tuː ].

  1. If you're talking about time before 30 minutes inclusive, are used pretext past - after , for example, in Russian we say: twenty five minutes past eight, and in English they say: Twenty-five past eight - [ˈtwɛnti faɪv pɑːst eɪt ]; verbatim - twenty five after eight, but the correct translation into Russian is: twenty five minutes past eight.

    If you want to say 15 minutes of an hour, then you should use the word quarter - quarter, example: Quarter past eight - [ˈk(w)ɔːtə pɑːst eɪt ]- fifteen minutes past nine.

  2. If the time is more than 30 minutes, use the preposition to, which in this case is translated as - to. For example, 18:40, in Russian we will say - twenty minutes to seven, and in English they say - Twenty to seven - [ˈtwɛnti tuː ˈsɛv(ə)n ]; literally - 20 minutes to seven, semantic translation: twenty minutes to seven
Rule 3.

Using the preposition at - [ æt ].

The preposition at is used to indicate a specific point in time, for example:

  • I get up at six o"clock every morning - [aɪ ˈɡet ʌp æt sɪks əˈklɒk ˈɛvri ˈmɔːnɪŋ] -
  • - I get up at six o'clock every morning.
Rule 4.

Use of the preposition in - [ ɪn ]

The preposition in in a temporary meaning indicates the moment or period of time, part of the day, time of year and can be translated into Russian as: during, for, through and is used in cases where you need to indicate a specific period of time, for example:

  • I have class in 10 minutes - [aɪ hæv klɑːs ɪn ten ˈmɪnɪts] -
  • - I have class in 10 minutes.
Additionally

In everyday life, the British usually use the twelve-hour format and add which part of the day the time belongs to. For example:

  • It"s seven o"clock in the evening - [ɪts ˈsɛv(ə)n əˈklɒk ɪn ðə: ˈiːv(ə)nɪŋ] - it's seven o'clock in the evening.

You may not indicate the part of the day in your letter, but use abbreviations: am, pm.

  1. am - (Latin, ante meridiem) before noon .
  2. pm - (Latin, post meridiem) afternoon .

In American English, the preposition after is often used instead of past. And instead of the preposition to, it is possible to use the prepositions: of, before, till.

Words used in expressions and phrases about the time of day.

English words with transcription and pronunciation in Russian letters, related to the topic: “time and parts of the day.”

The pronunciation of English words indicated in the table in Russian letters does not convey the correct sound and is given as a hint for transcription, you can listen to the voice pronunciation of these words and phrases:

1. English words used in conversations about the time of day and night

Parts of the day, time and date
WordTranscriptionPronunciation in Russian lettersTranslation
How to tell time correctly in English website
o"clock [əˈklɒk] (Oklok) hour, by the hour, on the clock
second [ˈsɛk(ə)nd ] (second) second second, additional, incremental
minute [ˈmɪnɪt ] (mi´nit) minute
moment [ˈməʊm(ə)nt ] (me´ment) moment, moment, moment, minute
hour [ˈaʊə] (a´ue) hour
morning [ˈmɔːnɪŋ] (mo:nin) morning
noon (well:n) noon
afternoon [ɑːftəˈnuːn] (a:vtenu:n) afternoon
evening [ˈiːv(ə)nɪŋ ] (and: vnin) evening
day (day) day
week (vi:k) a week
month (mons) month
year [ˈjiə] (e´a) year
date (date) date time and place, period, time, epoch
tonight (tu´night) tonight (night)
today (today) Today
yesterday [ˈjɛstədeɪ ] (e´staday) yesterday
tomorrow (tu´moreu) Tomorrow
time [ˈtaɪm] (ta´time) time
clock (shred) clock (table, wall, tower), show time
watch (watch) watch (wrist, pocket), watch, watch
timepiece [ˈtʌɪmpiːs] (ta´impi:s) chronometer

And again, Hello, dear friends! We are starting to study the eighth audio lesson of the course of 100 lessons of spoken English. People constantly monitor time, plan their day, rush somewhere, are late, run. We always check the time, look at our watches, and ask passers-by what time it is. When communicating in English, you also cannot do without vocabulary related to time and clocks, so this audio lesson is dedicated to this particular topic.

In any society, people adapt to time and various schedules and routines. For business people, the day is generally planned down to the minute. And if you go abroad on business, then you definitely cannot do without vocabulary about time in English. During the lesson, you will learn to ask in English what time it is, address your interlocutor or stranger on the street, and also answer the question if you are asked in English what time it is.

First, listen to the audio lesson and translation of phrases about time and clocks several times. Then try to remember the translation of the expression yourself when you hear the phrase in English. After this, try to repeat the expressions in English, maintaining the pronunciation of the original. /wp-content/uploads/2015/09/RUEN008.mp3 If you have difficulties at any stage, then switch to the table or rest for 15 minutes and start listening to the audio lesson for beginners online again, repeating all the above steps.


After studying the audio version of the lesson, you can proceed to its text version. The table will clearly demonstrate how each individual word or expression is written and how it is translated into Russian. Since you have already learned numbers and numbers in the previous lesson, learning the time of day in English will be much easier and faster. It will be enough to remember a few new words.

The time
English Russian
Excuse me!Excuse me, please!
What time is it, please?What time is it now?
Thank you very muchThank you very much
It is one o'clockIt's one o'clock now
It is two o'clockIt's two o'clock now
It is three o'clockIt's three o'clock now
It is four o'clockIt's four o'clock now
It is five o'clockIt's five now
It is six o'clockIt's six o'clock now
It is seven o'clockIt's seven o'clock now
It is eight o'clockIt's eight now
It is nine o'clockIt's nine o'clock
It is ten o'clockIt's ten o'clock
It is eleven o'clockIt's eleven now
It is twelve o'clockIt's twelve now
A minute has sixty secondsThere are sixty seconds in one minute
An hour has sixty minutesThere are sixty minutes in one hour
A day has twenty-four hoursThere are twenty-four hours in one day

Voiced expressions on the topic

Watch the video for more details and examples.

Appreciate every second and make the most of every minute, especially abroad. I hope you have a great time! Bye!

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