The photograph used in the title photo collage is:
Http://www.baku.ru/photos/18/97/32/189732.jpg
The third paragraph of the house legend indicated in the first chapter () indicates the Moorish style, which was used in the architecture of house No. 23.
How true is the house legend?
Which elements of the Moorish style are present and which are absent on the facade of the house?
On the façade of the house there are no pointed, horseshoe-shaped or scalloped arches characteristic of the Moorish style.
At the same time, out of six simple (circular) arches, three arches are above French balconies the second floors are combined into an arcade. And this is already an element of the Moorish style.
On the facade of the house there is no abundance of domes and friezes characteristic of the Moorish style, but there are quite a lot of cornices.
There are other elements that can be attributed to the Moorish style.
First of all, this is the presence of a vertical link of two bay windows and a balcony, which can be compared to Moorish turrets protruding from the wall.
The presence of various stucco moldings is also characteristic of the Moorish style. But there is one distinctive touch here that is unusual for this style.
The fact is that characteristic feature The Moorish style, like all the art of the East, is the absence of images of living creatures in the ornaments.
On the façade of the house, under the homeowner’s monogram, you can still see an image of a woman’s head.
However, in the house legend, the architecture of the house is clearly tied to the Moorish style, which is not due to the presence or absence of elements corresponding to the style architectural elements, A main feature facade, characteristic only of this house.
This is its complete asymmetry. If the typical Moorish style is characterized by abundance and pretentiousness of decor, then the architecture of the house is saturated with a variety of architectural elements themselves.
And if you apply a grid to the house, visually dividing the facade into three parts vertically and five parts horizontally, you can see that each division has its own type of elements, and as a result, the facade of the house is as if assembled from fifteen different mosaic segments.
The presence or absence of balconies in each segment (regular, French, bay windows), the abundance of shapes and designs of window and balcony openings, combined with a variety of decor, all this could be the reason for classifying the architecture of the house as Moorish style.
Take, for example, the already mentioned arches. On the left side of the house they are concentrated in an arcade above the French balconies of the second floor. The remaining three are already located vertically on the right side of the facade, alternating through the floor: the gateway arch is a blind (without a through span) arch above the third floor balcony - a wide arch on the fifth floor spans the entire width of the balcony.
In the same arcade, the outer arches rest on abutments, of which only the central ones are placed above semicircular pilasters, while the outer ones are suspended and simply protrude from the wall...
The keystone, usually built into the arch, is located above the arches in the arcade. And above the rest of the rectangular window and doorways On this floor there are the same keystones, but of a hypertrophied-increased size. The same keystones can also be discerned in the shallow rustication above the fifth floor balcony in the central part of the building...
There is no point in describing all the similarities and at the same time differences between the architectural elements of the house; they are already visible in the title photo.
But no matter what term is applied to the style of the house, one thing remains clear - the originality and even uniqueness of the architect’s creation...
I will continue my further analysis of the architecture of the house in the next chapter...
()
Reviews
Dear Genady!
Judging by the fact that the project was created in 1910, it could not be purely Moorish, which you proved: Moorish motifs are present, but in a rather diverse company. This seems to correspond to eclecticism, but by the end of the 19th century it was supplanted by the “new style” - modernism, which by the second decade of the 20th century was also disappearing from the scene. One way or another, the “Moorish style” of this house, as you described, is a myth. In this regard, the interiors of the house - staircases, doors, room layout - are of particular interest.
What is known about the architect? If his archive has been preserved, then perhaps it is possible to find an image of the missing important element on the attic. What could be there that was deliberately destroyed? The owner's family coat of arms or a sign of belonging to a confession?
Sincerely,
There is very little information about the architect.
The most complete one is here: http://ru.hayazg.info/ Sarkisov_Vartan_Stepanovich
But there are also mistakes here: the houses listed in Khagani are Nos. 21 and 23. In fact, Nos. 23 and 25. The 25th house is the Union of Composers.
By the way, I took part in the projects of the Metropol Hotel and the Polytechnic Museum in Moscow
The house was massively populated in 1920 by residents of nearby houses, interior interiors underwent significant redevelopment, rooms were reduced to 16-20 square meters. With high ceilings (5 meters on the first floor and 4.5 meters on the subsequent ones), high pencil cases were obtained.
Only on the third floor, a huge hall of 50-60 meters with access to a bay window was preserved in its original form until the 70s. But even in the 70s, the tenant divided it into several rooms.
I'll drag the information here:
He received his primary education in Shushi. Then he was sent to Tiflis, and graduated from the real gymnasium with honors in 1894. After graduation, he moved to St. Petersburg and entered the architectural faculty of civil engineers at PIGI. He graduated from it in 1899 and received the specialty of civil engineer. In 1901 he moved to Moscow.
In 1901-1905 - was a supernumerary technician of the IGP SO.
In 1903-1905 - Architectural technician at the Prison Department of the IHL.
In 1907 he moved to Baku and immediately received a number of projects.
He took part in the design and construction of the buildings of the Metropol Hotel and the Polytechnic Museum in Moscow, built a number public buildings in Baku.
He began his teaching career in 1905-1906. When the Construction Institute was opened in Baku in the 1920s, he was invited as a lecturer and also served as head of the department.
In 1931 he was awarded the title of professor. In 1941 he received the title of Honored Scientist.
In 1932 - became president of the Union of Architects of Azerbaijan.
Projects and buildings
In Moscow
Metropol Hotel building
Building of the Polytechnic Museum
Baku Party School building
Building of the House of Composers
Large residential buildings in Baku (buildings No. 21, No. 23 on Khagani Street (formerly Molokanskaya), houses on Krasnovodskaya and Nikolaevskaya streets)
Apartment buildings of the Baku merchants
Achievements
Professor (1931)
Honored Scientist (1941)
Miscellaneous
One of his students was the famous architect Martin Tovmasyan.
Vardan Sargsyan died on March 29, 1955 and was buried in the Christian-Jewish cemetery in Baku. In September 2007, by order of the Azerbaijani government, Baku's Christian-Jewish cemetery was completely destroyed.
Sincerely,
PPS I got everything mixed up, clarifying information from the Armenian encyclopedia.
House 25 is the Azerbaijan Writers Union,
And the Union of Composers is already house number 27
Here is another house of this architect, the house of the Mirzabekov brothers on Istiglaliyat Street (formerly Nikolaevskaya, then Kommunisticheskaya):
http://www.baku.ru/photos/12/69/49/126949.jpg
http://www.baku.ru/photos/20/97/06/209706.jpg
And this is the so-called house of Landau (who was born and lived in this house) on the corner of Nizami (Torgovaya) and Samad Vurgun streets (Krasnovodskaya, Krasnoarmeyskaya):
http://dic.academic.ru/pictures/wiki/files/76/Landau_house_in_Baku.jpg
Good evening, Genady!
More correctly - night, but it is so light that the tongue does not dare to say “night”...
This is how I interpreted the information about the architect:
- He was educated in St. Petersburg and worked in Moscow. Consequently, he was a representative of Russian architecture and had to create in line with the direction that was characteristic of it during the period of independent activity of V.S. Sarkisov.
- Apparently this period began in 1907, after he arrived in Baku and began receiving orders for projects. And at the turn of the 1900-1910s. This is precisely the transition to neoclassicism, so only, probably, an architectural historian can determine for sure the style in which he designed his buildings. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that main role The customer could play a role in determining the type of building, but you never know what might come into his head!
- I didn’t find V.S. Sarkisov is among the list of architects who took part in the design of the Metropol. Perhaps in those years he acted as an engineer, according to his education, and not as an architect.
P.S. I can’t respond promptly - it’s summer!!
Sincerely,
Are you interested in the personality of the architect not only in connection with the history of your house? You have provided quite detailed information about his career.
Good afternoon, Valentina!
The information on the site I indicated is, of course, far from ideal and needs clarification. There are simply no others. You have to accept them as they are. But there is no desire to do this, especially since all the archives are in Baku.
The personality of the architect itself doesn’t bother me much, so in the essays themselves I wrote about him to the bare minimum. Necessary when describing a house.
And in the title itself I added a question mark, as I intended from the very beginning.
Sincerely,
Thank you, Genady!
I just guessed from the coffee grounds what style your house was built in. You haven't lost interest in him, have you? I mean house).
Sincerely,
Of course not!
Perhaps the symbolism of the house has much in common with the symbolism next door(No. 25. But the available photos do not allow us to clearly examine everything and draw any conclusions. Maybe I’ll ask one of the Baku residents to shoot and send close-ups of the neighboring house.
As a matter of fact, there is one indirect information that house 25 belonged to Melikov, but already to Tigran. And another piece of information says that the 27th house belonged to Tigran.
Considering that our house and the 25th house had practically the same yard and a common entrance through the gateway, it is possible that all these Melikovs are relatives.
So, there is plenty of room for search and reflection. There is only no information:-((Maybe it will appear someday...
Moorish style in the interior can hardly be confused with any other. Perhaps, you really need to be a lover of oriental flavor in order to choose this particular style for your interior.
It is noteworthy that, despite the obvious oriental orientation, it was created by Europeans rather than representatives of Arab culture. And, as is typical for Europeans of all generations, there was a lot mixed into the Moorish style. At a minimum, the Moorish style absorbed many elements of Egyptian culture. The first state to experience the influence of Moorish culture was France (where Napoleon Bonaparte returned literally on the eve of his African campaign).
The main feature of the Moorish style is the abundance of floral patterns. First of all, the walls are decorated this way. Together with the carpets typical of Arab culture as a whole, the ornament creates a unified composition. Another typical feature of the Moorish style in the interior are columns that are lined with ceramic tiles, as well as arches with sharp tops and an abundance of niches. One more characteristic feature Moorish style in the interior are mosaics made of small tiles. Often the walls of rooms are finished wood panels or fabric draperies. The walls are covered with decorative carvings and stucco (even the columns are lined with it).
In addition to carpets, Moorish style in the interior it involves the use of a large number of pillows and curtains. They are also decorated with floral patterns. To some extent, this is due to the strict prohibition in Islamic culture of depicting people and animals. However, geometric patterns, as well as imitation of Arabic script, also have their place. As for the interior color, the Moorish style does not imply the use of any specific combinations. This means that you can experiment with color with a certain amount of boldness.
Another original attribute of the Moorish interior is chests. They are used instead of cabinets for storing clothes and household items. Chests can be either completely wooden or with forged elements.
Modern designers design in Moorish style both individual rooms and entire houses. Since this variety oriental design has a relaxing effect, very often rest rooms, living rooms and bedrooms are decorated this way. In rare cases (if appropriate space is available), smoking rooms can be designed in this form.
If you have a warm attitude towards oriental flavor, love floral motifs in the interior and ceramic tiles, you will like the Moorish style. And you will hardly have the desire to redo everything in a month. 
It is difficult to confuse the Moorish style in the interior with any other, since in itself it is very original and extremely closed. This destination is definitely not for everyone. Only connoisseurs of Islamic culture can understand it. Room design in in this case looks more like a tent; photo examples are replete with ornaments, columns, and vaults.
In the seventh century, Islamic countries united into a powerful empire. A massive synthesis of cultural traditions led to the formation of a separate bright design. Contemporaries nicknamed it “Saracen style.” The Moorish style, as we know it, gained popularity during the time of Bonaparte and bears a significant Egyptian imprint. Brought by Napoleon to France, it took root in the prevailing Empire style at that time, and from there it spread throughout Europe and, admittedly, was well received.
When using a rare style in the design of your home, you should consider its main character traits to preserve the authenticity of the painting. The photographs are full of different colors, domes and arches.
Moorish design characterized by the abundant use of floral patterns and carvings in wall decoration. This decor flows smoothly into traditional Islamic carpets, creating a holistic composition. Characteristic Moorish finishing elements are columns lined with ceramic tiles, pointed arches and the ubiquitous arrangement of niches.
Floral patterns are also appropriate when selecting bedspreads, pillows and curtains. When choosing textiles, remember that in the Muslim tradition, depictions of people and animals are strictly prohibited. To better convey the spirit of that time, it is better to focus on geometric patterns and script imitating Arabic writing.
As for the Mauritanian color range for style, then thanks to eclecticism, you can safely experiment with the main color. Influence different nations made the use of both rich colors, such as red and blue, and pastel shades, such as pink and yellow, relevant.
Chests will add credibility to the interior. This beautiful and functional item long years successfully replaced customary cabinets in Muslim homes. Forged elements chests, repeating in decoration modern furniture, will harmoniously fit into the interior.
Elements of Muslim architecture can be seen in the interior of the kitchen. Vaults and arches will also be relevant here. Ceramic tile with intricate oriental patterns can be laid out both on the floor and on the walls of the kitchen. The ornament can be transferred to the facades kitchen set using a design from a photo.
When further selecting furniture, you should choose an ottoman over a sofa that is more familiar to us. Chairs should be replaced with large pillows and ottomans. Moorish design involves low tables in hexagonal or octagonal shapes. Tables can be covered with hammered copper sheet or decorated with mother-of-pearl to recreate the complete authenticity of the style.
This style is not suitable for every room in your home, as it encourages relaxation and self-immersion. If you still decide to add a Moorish flavor to the interior of your home, then you should focus on decorating the bedrooms and living room. It is only recommended to introduce some elements into the work premises that will delicately continue the overall theme, but will not disturb the working atmosphere
Moorish style in interior design can be very multifaceted and interesting, but always extremely proportional. The chaotic nature of similar Moroccan style V this option no design. And the colorfulness in the Moorish interior arises from Arabic decor and ornaments on authentic textiles, while the design is based on European ones: symmetry, furniture and principles of organizing living space.
The Moorish style is primarily historically interesting. It shows what is born at the intersection of two cultures - Arab and European - and how it is possible to harmoniously combine all traditions, while creating something new, representing an improved version of both ways of life.
Moorish style in interior design is ideal for decoration country house, dacha, cottage, large apartment from 80-100 square meters of area. He really needs space - large areas, high ceilings, large windows, corridors and halls to feel comfortable and look authentic.
In addition, the Moorish style cannot be implemented in a house where there are no arched vaults or their imitations, special glazing, decorative windows and columns for terraces and balconies.
History of the Moorish style in interior design
Contrary to popular belief that the Moorish style is a product of the culture of the peoples of Mauritania, in fact it is one of the European colonial styles. That is, it was created by the Europeans (the French and the British) with their colonies in North Africa, using local decor, dishes and textiles, bringing furniture from Europe or ordering it from local craftsmen.
At the same time, the Moorish style is implemented on the basis - with patio and a fountain or a small pool, with arched vaults and windows, walk-through living rooms (and there are usually several of them), large fireplaces and sometimes just huge kitchens. Small apartments in apartment buildings And apartment buildings for Europeans, they were also decorated in this chic style and had common living rooms, dining rooms (usually several) and a kitchen.
Now the Moorish style is popular not only in North Africa and France itself (in the south), but also in the USA, Australia, Canada, Great Britain - where modern people with a love for French aesthetics, they want to have a more colorful ethnic interior.
The history of the Moorish style did not end after the colonies gained independence and Europeans left North Africa. Atmospheric interior design in this style is now popular in hotels in Morocco, Egypt and Algeria, in country villas (which are often also rented out to tourists), in mansions and cottages, and apartments in old houses.
What is the difference between Moorish style and Moroccan style?
Moroccan style is a highly specialized style only for Morocco and the southern coast of Spain and often uses ocher palettes as well as blue and white and silver. Spanish, French and Moroccan culture mixes here.
The Moroccan style can also be called Moorish, but if, for example, motifs are used in such an interior, then it definitely goes beyond the Moroccan style and becomes broader, Moorish - multi-national.
Many are mistaken in believing that these styles (Moroccan and Moorish) are national and widespread in their homeland. In fact, only Europeans who came here with a lot of money could afford such luxury and at the same time the basis of European furniture. In general, the Moorish style is more similar to the European (even!) than the Moroccan one. This can be seen in the soft groups in the living room and other European-style furniture.
Another similar style is bohemian, it differs from Moroccan and Moorish in that, in addition to Arabic and European, it also contains Black Sea, Romanian and Bulgarian features and is an even more mixed style due to the fact that it comes from the gypsy lifestyle and interior design.
Thus, the Moorish style is essentially European, if not French, but with ethnic details, finishing materials, lamps and authentic textiles. That is why this style is more preferable for sale in Russia than Moroccan or, where you will need not only ethnic decor, but also furniture, which is very expensive (original) and is simply not sold en masse in Moscow.
Moorish style decor
The decoration often uses wooden carved boxes with paintings, interesting lamps, usually made of iron, textiles with Arabic and Moorish ornaments, gilding for dishes, figurines, and decorative items. Very often, the basis of the composition on a coffee table and dining group are trays - gilded, silver or carved from wood.
Carved ones are popular here desks And coffee tables, intricate and incredibly luxurious authentic lamps and European crystal chandeliers. Mirrors with carved frames, often gilded or silver plated, small ottomans with carved wooden legs and chaise longues are very popular.
Features of the design of a house and apartment in the Moorish style
Alas, it is impossible to create an authentic interior in the Moorish style without galleries, arched passages, niches with unique arched vaults complex design(silhouettes of mosques and other large public buildings in the Moorish style).
Arabic mosaics and North African designs are used more sparingly in the Moorish style than in the Moroccan style. Usually more restrained palettes are popular here, and much attention is paid to floor design. Moorish style flooring, unlike Moroccan style, always looks luxurious and not rustic.
