DIY Gauss Gun
Since they have already started to appear in one of the articles with Gauss guns, or in another way Gauss Gun which are made with your own hands, in this article I publish another design and video footage of a Gauss gun.
This Gauss gun powered by battery in 12 Volt. You can see it in the picture.
This article can also be used as an instruction, as it describes in detail the assembly of the gun.
Gun characteristics:
Weight:2.5 kg
Projectile speed: approximately 9 m/s
Projectile weight: 29 g
Projectile kinetic energy: approximately 1.17 J.
Charging time of capacitors from the battery through the converter: 2 sec
Charging time of capacitors from the network through the converter: about 30 seconds
Dimensions: 200x70x170 mm
This electromagnetic accelerator is capable of firing any metal projectiles that are magnetic. A Gauss gun consists of a coil and capacitors. When leaking electric current through the coil, an electromagnetic field is formed, which in turn accelerates the metal projectile. The purpose is very different - mainly to scare your classmates. In this article I will tell you how to make such a Gauss gun for yourself.
Block diagram of Gauss Cannon
I would like to clarify this point. structural diagram the capacitor is 450 Volts. And 500 Volts come out of the multiplier. Absurd. Isn’t it? Well, the author didn’t take this into account a bit. We set the capacitor to at least 500 Volts.
And now the multiplier circuit itself:
In the scheme field is used transistor IRF 3205.With this transistor charging speed a 1000 uF capacitor for a voltage of 500 volts will be approximately equal to 2 seconds(with 4 amp/hour battery). You can use the IRL3705 transistor, but the charging speed will be approximately 10 seconds. Here is a video of the converter working:
The video multiplier contains an IRL3705 transistor, so the capacitors take a long time to charge. Later I replaced the IRL3705 with the IRF 3205, the charging speed became equal to 2 seconds.
Resistor R7 regulated output voltage from 50 to 900 volts; LED 1 indicates when the capacitors have been charged to the required voltage. If the multiplier transformer is noisy, try reducing the capacitance of capacitor C1, inductor L1 is not necessary, the capacitance of capacitor C2 can be reduced to 1000 µF, diodes D1 and D2 can be replaced with other diodes with similar characteristics. IMPORTANT! Switch S1 is closed only after voltage is applied to the power terminals. Otherwise, if voltage is applied to the terminals and switch S1 is closed, the transistor may fail due to a sharp voltage surge!
The circuit itself works simply: the UC3845 microcircuit produces rectangular pulses, which are fed to the gate of a powerful field-effect transistor, where they are amplified in amplitude and fed to the primary winding of a pulse transformer. Next, the pulses, pumped up by a pulse transformer to an amplitude of 500-600 volts, are rectified by diode D2 and the rectified voltage charges the capacitors. The transformer is taken from a computer power supply. The diagram shows dots near the transformer. These points indicate the beginning of the winding. The method of winding the transformer is as follows:
1 . We cook a transformer taken from an unnecessary computer power supply (the largest transformer) in boiling water for 5-10 minutes, then carefully disassemble the W-shaped ferrite core and unwind the entire transformer.
2
. First, we wind HALF of the secondary winding with a wire with a diameter of 0.5-0.7 mm. You need to wind it from the leg at the point indicated in the diagram.
Having wound 27 turns, we remove the wire without biting it off, insulate 27 turns with paper or cardboard and remember in which direction the wire was wound. THIS IS IMPORTANT!!! If the primary winding is wound in the other direction, then nothing will work, since the currents will be subtracted!!!
3 . Next we wind the primary winding. We also wind it from the beginning indicated in the diagram. We wind it in the same direction in which the first part of the primary winding was wound. The primary winding consists of 6 wires soldered together and wound with 4 turns. We wind all 6 wires parallel to each other, laying them out evenly in 4 turns in two layers. Between the layers we lay a layer of insulating paper.
4 . Next, we wind the secondary winding (another 27 turns). We head in the same direction as before. And now the transformer is ready! All that remains is to assemble the circuit itself. If the circuit is made correctly, the circuit works immediately without any adjustments.
Converter parts:
The converter requires a powerful energy source such as a 4 amp/hour battery. The more powerful the battery, the faster charging capacitors.
Here is the converter itself:
Converter printed circuit board - bottom view:
This board is quite large and after a little work, I drew a smaller board in Sprint-layout:
For those who are not able to make a converter, there is a version of the Gauss gun from a ~220 volt network. Here is the circuit of the multiplier from the network:
You can take any diodes that maintain a voltage above 600 volts; the capacitance of the capacitor is selected experimentally from 0.5 to 3.3 μF.
If the circuit is created correctly, it will work immediately without any settings.
My coil is 8 ohm. It is wound with varnished copper wire with a diameter of 0.7 mm. The total length of the wire is about 90 meters.
Now that everything is done, all that remains is to assemble the gun itself. The total cost of the gun is about 1000 rubles. The cost was calculated as follows:
- Battery 500 rub.
- The wire can be found for 100 rubles.
- All sorts of little things and details 400 rubles.
For those who want to make the same gun as mine, here are step-by-step instructions:
1) Cut out a piece of plywood measuring 200x70x5 mm.
2) We make a special mount for the handle. You can make a handle from a toy pistol, but I have the handle of an insulin injection pistol. A button with two positions (three outputs) is installed inside the handle.
3) Install the handle.
4) We make fastenings on plywood for the converter.
5) Install the converter on the plywood.
6) We make a protective shield on the converter so that the projectile does not damage the converter.
7) Install the coil and solder all the wires as in the block diagram.
8) We make the body from fiberboard
9) We install all the switches in place, secure the battery with large ties. That's all! The gun is ready! This gun fires the following projectiles:
Projectile diameter 10 mm, and length 50 mm. Weight 29 grams.
Raised body gun:
And finally, a few videos
Here is a video of a Gauss gun in action. Shot into a corrugated cardboard box
Shot at 0.8mm thick tile:
Hello, dear friends! Today I want to talk about how to make an electromagnetic Gauss gun. It is a type of electromagnetic weapon, also called the "Gaussian Electromagnetic Mass Accelerator". This gun was invented by the German scientist Karl Gauss. But unfortunately, this method of mass acceleration is used mainly in amateur homemade installations because it is not effective enough for practical application as a weapon.
How does a Gauss gun work?
A Gauss gun consists of a solenoid coil with a plastic tube passing through it, into which a metal projectile is inserted on one side. To fire a shot, a charged capacitor of large capacity and high operating voltage is connected to the solenoid. An electromagnetic field arises in the solenoid, which, at the moment the discharge current pulse flows from the capacitor, draws the projectile into the solenoid and accelerates it. The design of the gun is so simple that any novice radio amateur can assemble it from scrap materials.
But it should be remembered that the manufacture of weapons in some countries is prohibited and punishable by law! It should be taken into account that this is just a working model of a Gauss gun with a muzzle energy of about 1.5 J and is used only for recreational shooting at light bulbs, jars and cardboard boxes. The conclusion follows from this: - Do it boldly and do not be afraid of anything! As cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin said: -Let's go!!!
Materials you will need:
- A plastic tube corresponding to the diameter of the bullet. But unfortunately, I couldn’t find the tube, so I made a barrel out of paper, wrapped it around a pencil and smeared it with glue.
- Any diode 1.5 A
- Bulb 40 Watt 220 V, 60 Watt 220 V possible
- Button with contacts that close when pressed 1.5 A
- Circuit breaker of at least 40 A
- Copper wire in varnish insulation with a diameter of 0.5-0.7 mm
- Electrolytic capacitor 1000 uF 450 V, you can use an assembly of capacitors. The larger the capacity, the better it shoots. The operating voltage of the capacitors used is at least 250 V.
Particular attention should be paid to the manufacture of the solenoid coil; the power of the shot and the range of the bullet depend on the correct manufacture. The solenoid winding is wound with varnish insulated wire with a diameter of 0.5-0.7 mm and contains 200 turns. We wind the wire turn to turn, fill each layer with nitro varnish and wrap it in paper.
I wound the winding of my gun in five layers with 0.5 mm wire, in each layer I got 40 turns, for a total of 200 turns. I measured the coil resistance with a multimeter and it turned out to be 8 ohms.
I made bullets for the Gauss gun from ordinary construction nail with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 200 mm.
How to shoot a Gauss cannon?
We plug the plug into the socket and press the “Charge” button; as soon as the light goes out, the capacitor is fully charged.
Press the “Fire” button. A shot occurs, the bullet flies out of the barrel at high speed.
I would like to remind you about safety precautions:
- Do not point the gun at pets or people
- Don't look into the trunk
- Don't shoot at metal objects to avoid rebound
- Do not touch the contacts of a charged capacitor to avoid electric shock.
And now about the most important thing... Ballistic tests of the Gauss cannon.
The gun was tested from a distance of 15 centimeters to the target. The maximum range of a bullet is about 2 meters. It shoots absolutely silently, only the impact of the bullet on the cardboard box is heard.
In conclusion, I would like to say that the current model of a Gauss gun is ideal for demonstrating the capabilities of a solenoid and the electromagnetic induction that occurs in it when the capacitor releases the accumulated energy. And also for entertaining shooting at boxes, jars and light bulbs.
Do you want to surprise your friends? Build a Gauss cannon with your own hands!
And be sure to watch the video in which you will see how the Gauss cannon fires.
See you in new articles!
Hi all. In this article we will look at how to make a portable electromagnetic Gauss gun assembled using a microcontroller. Well, about the Gauss gun, of course, I got excited, but there is no doubt that it is an electromagnetic gun. This device on a microcontroller was designed to teach beginners how to program microcontrollers using the example of constructing an electromagnetic gun with their own hands. Let's look at some design points both in the electromagnetic Gauss gun itself and in the program for the microcontroller.
From the very beginning, you need to decide on the diameter and length of the barrel of the gun itself and the material from which it will be made. I used a 10mm plastic case from a mercury thermometer because I had one lying around. You can use any available material, which has non-ferromagnetic properties. This is glass, plastic, copper tube etc. The length of the barrel may depend on the number of electromagnetic coils used. In my case, four electromagnetic coils are used, the barrel length was twenty centimeters.
As for the diameter of the tube used, during operation the electromagnetic gun showed that it is necessary to take into account the diameter of the barrel relative to the projectile used. Simply put, the diameter of the barrel should not be much larger than the diameter of the projectile used. Ideally, the barrel of the electromagnetic gun should fit the projectile itself.
The material for creating the projectiles was an axle from a printer with a diameter of five millimeters. From of this material and five blanks 2.5 centimeters long were made. Although you can also use steel blanks, say, wire or electrode - whatever you can find.
You need to pay attention to the weight of the projectile itself. Weight should be as low as possible. My shells turned out to be a little heavy.
Before creating this gun, experiments were carried out. An empty paste from a pen was used as a barrel, and a needle as a projectile. The needle easily pierced the cover of a magazine installed near the electromagnetic gun.
Since the original Gauss electromagnetic gun is built on the principle of charging a capacitor with a high voltage, about three hundred volts, for safety reasons, novice radio amateurs should power it with a low voltage, about twenty volts. Low voltage means that the projectile's flight range is not very long. But again, it all depends on the number of electromagnetic coils used. The more electromagnetic coils are used, the greater the acceleration of the projectile in the electromagnetic gun. The diameter of the barrel also matters (the smaller the diameter of the barrel, the further the projectile flies) and the quality of winding of the electromagnetic coils themselves. Perhaps, electromagnetic coils are the most basic thing in the design of an electromagnetic gun; serious attention must be paid to this in order to achieve maximum projectile flight.
I will give the parameters of my electromagnetic coils; yours may be different. The coil is wound with wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm. The winding length of the electromagnetic coil layer is two centimeters and contains six such rows. I did not insulate each new layer, but began winding a new layer on the previous one. Due to the fact that the electromagnetic coils are powered by low voltage, you need to get the maximum quality factor of the coil. Therefore, we wind all the turns tightly to each other, turn to turn.
As for the feeding device, no special explanation is needed. Everything was soldered from waste foil PCB left over from production printed circuit boards. Everything is shown in detail in the pictures. The heart of the feeder is the SG90 servo drive, controlled by a microcontroller.
The feed rod is made of a steel rod with a diameter of 1.5 mm; an M3 nut is sealed at the end of the rod for coupling with the servo drive. To increase the arm, a copper wire with a diameter of 1.5 mm bent at both ends is installed on the servo drive rocker.
This simple device, assembled from scrap materials, is quite enough to fire a projectile into the barrel of an electromagnetic gun. The feed rod must extend completely out of the loading magazine. A cracked brass stand with an internal diameter of 3 mm and a length of 7 mm served as a guide for the feed rod. It was a pity to throw it away, so it came in handy, just like the pieces of foil PCB.
The program for the atmega16 microcontroller was created in AtmelStudio, and is completely open project for you. Let's look at some settings in the microcontroller program that will have to be made. For maximum efficient work electromagnetic gun, you will need to configure the operating time of each electromagnetic coil in the program. The settings are made in order. First, solder the first coil into the circuit, do not connect all the others. Set the operating time in the program (in milliseconds).
PORTA |=(1<<1); // катушка 1
_delay_ms(350); / / working hours
Flash the microcontroller and run the program on the microcontroller. The force of the coil should be enough to retract the projectile and give initial acceleration. Having achieved the maximum projectile reach, adjusting the coil operating time in the microcontroller program, connect the second coil and also adjust the time, achieving an even greater projectile flight range. Accordingly, the first coil remains switched on.
PORTA |=(1<<1); // катушка 1
_delay_ms(350);
PORTA &=~(1<<1);
PORTA |=(1<<2); // катушка 2
_delay_ms(150);
In this way, you configure the operation of each electromagnetic coil, connecting them in order. As the number of electromagnetic coils in the device of an electromagnetic Gauss gun increases, the speed and, accordingly, the range of the projectile should also increase.
This painstaking procedure of setting each coil can be avoided. But to do this, you will have to modernize the device of the electromagnetic gun itself, installing sensors between the electromagnetic coils to monitor the movement of the projectile from one coil to another. Sensors in combination with a microcontroller will not only simplify the setup process, but will also increase the projectile’s flight range. I did not add these bells and whistles and did not complicate the microcontroller program. The goal was to implement an interesting and simple project using a microcontroller. How interesting it is, of course, is up to you to judge. To be honest, I was happy like a child, “grinding” from this device, and the idea of a more serious device on a microcontroller matured. But this is a topic for another article.
Program and scheme -
Almost every resident of the CIS has at least heard about such a wonderful game as “Stalker”, because it tells us about an alternative reality in which, after the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, a rupture of the noosphere occurred, from which everyone who was there was irrevocably changed, both physically, as well as mentally. Mutants, artifacts appeared, as well as many research centers studying the anomalous nature of the region. One of their achievements was the Gauss gun. In this article we will tell you in detail where to find this gun in different mods, parts of Stalker, as well as a little history.
History of creation
This type of rifle first appeared in the first part of “Stalker,” which was called “Shadow of Chernobyl.” At the penultimate location “Pripyat” the player was met by multiple enemy forces, they were everywhere, even on the roofs of abandoned houses, from which they fired at us with Gauss. The rifle itself is incredibly rare, and if you didn’t kill the Monolith correctly, then we can safely say that you won’t touch it again in the game. There is also a chance that the corpse of this fighter will fall, but there will be no cartridges for the rifle at all. All this is due to the fact that the development of the first part was carried out in incredible haste, many types of weapons were cut out, not to mention locations, cars and much more.
If we talk about mentions of this rifle, then in the “Dark Valley” location, right opposite the bandits’ base, we could save a stalker from a bloodsucker, for which he thanks us with the information, they say, on a pig farm they sell a Gauss gun for only 800 rubles. We go there, give the stalkers 800 rubles, which at the very beginning of the game can change a lot, but in return they give us nothing, and even more: we are kicked out of the territory of the pig farm, because... They don’t have any Gauss rifle, and this money will go to charity. After this, you can calmly kill them, and the “Ghoul” stalker will drop a special “Viper” silent rifle.
This all happened in the first part, but now in the second, whose name is “Clear Sky”, you can quite easily find this rifle. The right to purchase it is given to players whose actions are impeccable (statistics can be viewed in the PDA), after which every merchant will happily sell you Gauss and the first generation exoskeleton.
“Call of Pripyat” tried to be as similar as possible to the first part, which, in fact, happened, because in this part the rifle is taken again from the roof and again from the corpse of a fallen “Monolith” soldier. After picking it up, a special quest is activated, which we will talk about a little later.
Real analogues
Fortunately, and maybe unfortunately, such weapons exist in the modern world, although they are quite stationary. In the Stalker series of games, we were given to understand that the Gauss cannon is mobile and so deadly only because of its autonomous power source. The power of the game and real guns are slightly different. But they're both still incredibly deadly.
In real life, the name of this gun is “Railgun”; from the name alone you can understand that the barrel of this gun contains two long magnets, and at the very beginning a projectile that is not a dielectric, because will not respond to a colossal magnetic field. A magnetic field of enormous power is created due to high voltage, capable of supplying 19 thousand houses, and this is a small city.
During its flight, the projectile encounters an obstacle, and due to its incredibly high speed (more than 1.5 kilometers per second), it does not require an explosive element, because kinetic energy alone is enough not only for an incredible impact, but also for piercing through almost any obstacle. They plan to equip US Navy warships with the “Railgun” by about 2020, but now full-scale development of a power source capable of charging such a deadly gun is underway. We talked about the real sample, now we need to find out where to find the Gauss gun. By the way, you can get a gun by cheating, but we do not recommend doing this, because... this disrupts the gameplay, unlike custom modifications in which this rifle is fully implemented. There are many similar mods, and finding them is not difficult.
Where can I find the Gauss cannon in Call of Pripyat?
To activate this incredibly interesting quest, you will first need to get to “Pripyat”, but before that, assemble a team of “Givi”, the former “Monolith” and the alcoholic “Dolgovets”, who sits in a tower near the “Yanov” station. Only each of them will need your help. To get one out of debt, for another to find the meaning of life, and for the third to have a good drink. All the quests are incredibly interesting, so we recommend going through them, after which you can invite them with you on a hike through the abandoned tunnels near Pripyat. Upon arrival, you will be greeted by a detachment of military men, thanks to whom you can get this gun.
After negotiations with the military, you are sent on a mission where you need to free the old hospital from the Monoliths. After destroying half of the enemies, there will be a message that a sniper with an unusual rifle has appeared on the roof. Kill the sniper, take the Gauss cannon and go to the general for dry cleaning. After some deliberation, you are sent to Cardan’s ship.
Cardan says that in Soviet times he was a scientist and developed this gun, and to repair it after the scrape in Pripyat we will need to go down to the laboratory near the transformers. After the dialogue, he kindly gives us the key card, and we go down into the dungeon for the drawings of the Gauss rifle. We give all the documents to Cardan, and he gives us the repaired rifle.
Where can you find the Gauss gun in Shadows of Chernobyl?
In this part, everything is much more complicated, because the chance to get a gun will be almost at the penultimate location - in Pripyat. In front of the abandoned stadium, "Monoliths" from Gauss will shoot at you. Every hit on you will be critical, and if it hits you in the head, it will be fatal. It is categorically not recommended to shoot them in the forehead, because this will cause the gun to fall onto the roof, which cannot be climbed in any way, so you will need to run from cover to cover, and then shoot in the side of this fighter. The fighter and his rifle fall to the ground. If you are very lucky, you will find ammo in the corpse's backpack. By the way, it is almost impossible to find cartridges, only from very rare caches. You won't find them at merchants.
Where to find a cannon in Narodnaya Solyanka
Many people ask the question of where to find the Gauss gun of stalker Prokopenko, because the developers from AMK made this quest very, very difficult. To receive it, you will first need to get a pass to the duty territory, then go up to Petrenko and talk to him on various topics, after which she will tell us that a Gauss pistol has disappeared somewhere in the Dark Valley. We run to the pig farm, which was mentioned above, go to the barrel on a support, which is located directly opposite the stone fence, and under the barrel there will be a pistol lying unattended. You can understand this yourself if you open the PDA and look at the screenshot in the instructions for the quest.
Is it possible to improve the Gauss rifle?
As already mentioned, all parts of “Stalker” were created in incredible haste, which is why not all the possibilities were realized, including weapon modifications. Yes, in “Call of Pripyat” and “Clear Sky” there is a mechanism for improving weapons, but not all units. This problem is happily solved by custom modifications. In “People's Solyanka” 2017, you can buy a special case with tools from any merchant, or go to the Bar, where two professors will improve the characteristics of not only the Gauss gun, but also other rare weapons.
What ammunition is needed?
In "Stalker. Call of Pripyat" the Gauss gun has 2 types of ammunition: high-quality, i.e. industrial, handicraft. The two types of ammunition for the same rifle differ only in penetration power, as well as in price, which makes players pay attention to the second option. Factory ones can be purchased from stalkers for about 2,000 rubles, if you are on good terms with the seller. Artisanal can create Cardan for us after completing the quest we talked about above. For a fee in the form of vodka, he will create homemade ammunition for us.
Finally
We hope that after reading this article you understand what a Gauss gun is. This weapon is the most powerful, so the demand for it is incredibly high. If for some reason you were unable to get a Gauss rifle, then you can adjust the game configuration, after which it will be sold at the desired merchant.
A Gauss gun or simply a Gauss gun is the dream of almost every beginning radio amateur. Today we will consider a variant of a powerful Gauss gun based on a very simple, but at the same time very powerful converter for its size.
Basis: PWM controller on the UC3845 chip. A fairly common microcircuit, it is used in switching power supplies as a master oscillator. The only drawback of the microcircuit is that it starts to work only when the supply voltage rating is above 9 volts, and the maximum value does not exceed the rating of 18 volts. Thus, a signal with a frequency of 60 kilohertz is received at the base of the field-effect transistor, the signal voltage is about 8 volts, which is enough to open the transition of a powerful field-effect transistor.
Reverse conduction transistor, field-effect N-channel transistors such as IRF3205 and IRL3705 do an excellent job, although you can install the widely used IRFZ44, but it overheats quite quickly. Although the recommended transistors need to be strengthened with a small heat sink. The circuit turns off when the capacitors are charged to a nominal 300 volts, then the white LED begins to glow. The converter has a power of 70 - 80 watts, but it also consumes quite a bit... 9 amperes, at peak up to 12 amperes. As for diodes, both diodes in the circuit must be used high-speed or ultra-fast, there are many analogues and it is not at all necessary to use these diodes, but the circuit works perfectly with them. An 820 ohm resistor should be selected with a power of 1 - 2 watts, since it also overheats.
The transformer is wound on a cup, although you can use ferrite transformers from computer power supplies (the larger one). The primary winding contains 5 turns, wound with 0.7 mm wire in 3 cores. The secondary winding contains 120 turns of wire with a diameter of 0.5 - 0.8 mm.
The converter can be powered by any DC voltage source, of course, if the source can provide the necessary parameters to power the converter. I highly recommend using a battery from an uninterruptible power supply. To reduce the size, you can use nickel-cadmium or nickel metal hydride batteries with a capacity of 1000 mA or more.
The gun itself is made on a plastic pipe with an internal diameter of 9 mm; fortunately, I had a mass of iron rods that freely entered and exited into the pipe, as people say “tail to neck.” The rods were cut to 3 cm in length and sharpened like nails. The winding contains 50 turns of wire with a diameter of 0.9 - 1.2 mm.
Capacitors: Although the converter turns off as soon as the voltage across the capacitors is exactly 300 volts, capacitors with a voltage of 400 volts are still used. It’s even good that there is a voltage reserve, in this case 100 volts. 4 capacitors with a total capacity of 13200 microfarads (each 3300 microfarads) were used. The capacity is fully charged 3 - 4 seconds after turning on the converter.
List of radioelements
| Designation | Type | Denomination | Quantity | Note | Shop | My notepad |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PWM controller | UC3845 | 1 | To notepad | |||
| Q1 | MOSFET transistor | IRF3205 | 1 | To notepad | ||
| D1 | Rectifier diode | UF4007 | 1 | Analog: BYV26E | To notepad | |
| D2 | Rectifier diode | UF5408 | 1 | Analogue: UF5408, BY399, BR207 | To notepad | |
| LED1 | Light-emitting diode | AL307BM | 1 | To notepad | ||
| C1 | Capacitor | 4.7 nF | 1 | To notepad | ||
| C2, C3 | 10 µF | 1 | To notepad | |||
| C2* | Electrolytic capacitor | 4700 µF | 1 | To notepad | ||
| C2** | Electrolytic capacitor | 1500 µF 350 V | 1 | To notepad | ||
| C4 | Capacitor | 22 nF | 1 | To notepad | ||
| C5 | Capacitor | 470 nF | 1 | To notepad | ||
| C6 | Capacitor | 470 pF | 1 | To notepad | ||
| R1 | Resistor | 6.8 kOhm | 1 | To notepad | ||
| R2 | Resistor | 620 kOhm | 1 | To notepad | ||
| R3 | Resistor | 5.1 kOhm | 1 | To notepad | ||
| R4 | Resistor | 680 Ohm | 1 |
