In 1762, Starov, among the first gold medal graduates, left the walls of his alma mater, then lived in Paris, where he worked in the workshop of the famous European architect and author of outstanding buildings, Charles de Wailly. Afterwards, the artist studies Italian architecture, in particular he is interested in monuments of the Renaissance and antiquity.
In 1769, Ivan Yegorovich fulfilled his first private order - he was entrusted with the construction of a dacha for the Prosecutor General Prince Dolgoruky. Already in next year the architect is engaged in Demidov's dacha on the Peterhof road, and then, by order of Empress Catherine II, designs palaces for estates in Bobriki and Bogoroditsk, which, unfortunately, suffered a sad fate: the Bogoroditsky Palace was burned in 1941, and Bobrinsky turned out to be a very strange idea - it was practically It was constantly empty, required significant capital investments, and then was completely dismantled into bricks by Count Bobrinsky, the Empress’s natural son Alexei.
Since the mid-70s, the architect has systematically carried out construction orders from Grigory Potemkin, worked on the reconstruction of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, took part in the construction of the Trinity Cathedral, rebuilt the Anichkov Palace and erected park structures in it.
However, Starov's most famous building in St. Petersburg is the Tauride Palace - the architect not only designed it, but also supervised the progress of work on its construction and decoration of the interior.
In 1784, Ivan Yegorovich was appointed chief architect of the Office of its Construction Imperial Majesty houses and gardens." In this position, the artist works in the Marble, Winter, Chesme and Anichkov palaces. Starov's last major work was the design of a large cathedral for the Kazan convent.
In 1796, after the death of Catherine the Great, Paul the First ascended the throne, and by his decree relieved Starov of his position. So, Ivan Yegorovich remains out of work.
The founder of Russian classicism died on April 5, 1808 after a serious long illness.
Architect Starov is a famous Russian architect who was involved in construction and design various buildings. He worked in St. Petersburg and the province of the same name, in Yekaterinoslav and Kherson. All his works are made in the style of classicism. The most famous of them are the Trinity Cathedral in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, the St. Sophia Cathedral in the Tsarskoye Selo area, the Tauride Palace, the Prince Vladimir Cathedral, the Pellinsky Palace, the country palaces on the estates of Sivoritsy and Taitsy, and the Nikolskoye-Gagarino estate.
early years
Architect Starov was born in St. Petersburg. He was born in 1745. At the age of 10, he was admitted as a student to the gymnasium at Moscow University. A year later, having performed well in his studies, he received a transfer to the gymnasium at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
Initially, the future architect Ivan Starov showed a passion for art. Therefore, after successfully graduating from high school, he entered the Academy of Arts. His first teachers were the architect Alexander Filippovich Kokorinov and the French professor of architecture Jean-Baptiste-Michel Vallin-Delamote.
Education
Having received a first-class education, the hero of our article went on a trip abroad. As a pensioner of the Academy of Arts from 1762 to 1768, he lived and worked in Paris. At that time, a pensioner of the Academy of Arts was understood as a graduate of the Imperial Academy who received an appropriate monetary allowance. In essence, these were analogues of modern government or commercial grants.
In France, the young man had the opportunity to further improve his skills. In most cases, retirees spent the money to travel to Italy or France, where there were plenty of opportunities to hone their talent. It is worth noting that only best students who completed the course with a Big Gold Medal. Starting from the 18th century, boarding was paid for three years, later this period was increased to six.
Architect Ivan Starov did just that. In Paris, he studied with one of the largest representatives of French classicism, Charles De Wailly, who had a great influence on both him and the entire Russian architectural tradition. The architect Starov also studied in Rome.
Homecoming
Returning to St. Petersburg, the hero of our article first of all set about the project of the gentry cadet corps. For the successful completion of the work in 1769, he was officially recognized as an academician.
After this he received the position of associate professor. Later in 1770 he was promoted to professor.
Among his most ambitious projects, it is worth noting the plan for the formation of the city of Nikolaev at the mouth of the Southern Bug and Ingul rivers in the area of the built shipyard. This plan by a talented architect was distinguished by regular blocks and straight lines.
In 1794, the already famous architect Ivan Yegorovich Starov became an adjunct rector. For several years he was the chief architect of the commission on the stone structure of Moscow and St. Petersburg.
The biography of Ivan Yegorovich Starov is of interest to many connoisseurs of architecture. The architect died in 1808 at the age of 63. He was buried in St. Petersburg at the Lazarevskoye cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Personal life
Starov was married to Natalya Grigorievna Demidova, the daughter of a famous domestic entrepreneur, botanist and philanthropist Grigory Akinfievich. He continued his father’s work, founding two factories, was also known as the creator of the first private botanical garden in Russia, and was considered a correspondent of the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus.
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During his career, Starov's father-in-law was noted effective management Demidov factories. While often remaining in the shadows, he did a lot of useful and important things for his family. In particular, he achieved the division of the inheritance between the brothers and gave the children a first-class education. His three sons traveled throughout Europe for many years, gaining knowledge in a variety of industries. Largely thanks to him, it was possible to preserve the collection of the German naturalist and physician Georg Steller, which consisted of 80 unique plants.
Starov was a guarantor at the wedding of Natalia Pulcheria’s sister with the director of the Academy of Arts, Alexander Filippovich Kokorinov.
Notable projects
Architect Starov created almost all of his buildings in the style of classicism. One of his very first striking works was the Trinity Cathedral of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
The place for it was determined by the Italian architect Trezzini; it was planned to build Nevsky Prospekt to this point. The original design was created by Schwertfeger. It was supposed to be a grandiose structure with two imposing bell towers topped with spiers. The cathedral was founded in 1722. However, as the building settled, cracks appeared, so the project was suspended indefinitely. In 1744, the construction site began to be dismantled down to the “sole.” By 1755, the cathedral was dismantled, although it was already roughly finished.
In 1763 it was announced new competition among architects, but Empress Catherine II did not like any of the projects. Only in 1774 did they return to construction again, entrusting it to Starov. Two years later, the Empress approved the project he proposed. In 1778, the ceremonial foundation of the temple took place. The consecration took place in 1790. From that moment on, the Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky, the work of the architect Starov, actually became the capitular church of the order.
The Tauride Palace is one of the most famous buildings built by the hero of our article. Initially, this was the St. Petersburg residence of Grigory Potemkin. Its construction was carried out from 1783 to 1789 in the style of classicism.
The palace was located on Shpalernaya Street, next to the Tauride Garden. It was built by order of Empress Catherine II, who wanted to please her favorite. About 400 thousand rubles in gold were spent on its construction. It is worth noting that Potemkin himself visited it infrequently, since he was mainly involved in governing Novorossiya. In 1791 he came to him in last time to win the heart of the empress from his new rival, Platon Zubov.
Complex
The basis of Ivan Starov’s Tauride Palace was a two-story central building located in the depths of the front courtyard. Initially the palace was open to the Neva. This architectural perspective lasted until the construction of a water tower opposite the palace, as well as other structures related to the city waterworks.
It is worth noting that the facade of the main building is distinguished by a Doric portico, and the garden building is distinguished by a semi-rotunda with a balcony. Two outbuildings small size topped with domed towers.
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Currently, the palace complex includes a house garden master, built in 1794 by the architect Volkov.
Ivan Starov built the Church of the Resurrection from 1782 to 1785 at the Volkovsky cemetery.
The one-story stone building was founded in 1782 on the site of a previously existing wooden church. The second tier of the bell tower, which was located above the refectory, was crowned by a spire, which was added much later, in 1831.
The general composition of the building is standard version for Russian architecture of the 17th-18th centuries. In it, the refectory, the bell tower and the main building of the church are organically connected into a single whole.
The hero of our article built iconic buildings not only in the capital. The Potemkin Palace by Ivan Yegorovich Starov was built in the small Belarusian town of Krichev. Work was carried out from 1778 to 1787. Today it is considered a true monument of architecture from the era of classicism.
In his original plan the building looks like a monogram of the letters “P” and “E”, which mean the initials of the Count and Empress himself. A garden park was laid out nearby, from which only isolated trees have survived to this day.
The palace itself is two-story; on the main facade you can see the central rhizolith. On both floors in the center there were round halls of impressive size. The windows of the central risalit were lancet, and those on the side ones had original sandriks. Internal layout, according to the custom of that time, was enfilade. It was changed radically in the middle of the 20th century. In total, the palace had about sixty spacious rooms. The front group was located on the ground floor, crowned by a vestibule with a staircase and an oval-shaped hall. All rooms were richly decorated with stucco decorations, and throughout the courtyard there was a system of tiled fireplaces.
Behind the palace there was a stable and orchard. Catherine II first arrived in Krichev in severe frosts in the winter of 1787, when she was traveling through the Crimea. She dined and spent the night in the palace. The next morning she left for Cherikov.
Fate of the building
ABOUT future fate Little is known reliably about this work by the architect Ivan Starov. One can only say that Potemkin lost the building, either by losing it at cards or by selling it. The nobleman Jan Golynsky, who became the new owner, did not save the palace during a fire in the 1840s, when it was significantly damaged.
Moreover, over time, Golynsky’s descendants decided to remake it in accordance with their contemporary fashion trends. Above the windows located on the second floor, lancet sandriks were fashioned, which have not survived to this day. A risalit with faceted pylons in a pseudo-Gothic style appeared at the central entrance.
In 1917, all valuables were nationalized by the Bolsheviks, and a school was opened in the building itself. In the 1950s, a boarding school was located here. By that time, the palace had fallen into disrepair and was in a very dilapidated state. Work on restoration and restoration began only in the 80s of the 20th century. They were mothballed for almost two decades. In 2008, the restoration was officially completed. The building now houses the registry office and the local history museum.
Architect Starov is a famous Russian architect who was involved in the construction and design of various buildings. He worked in St. Petersburg and the province of the same name, in Yekaterinoslav and Kherson. All his works are made in the style of classicism. The most famous of them are the Trinity Cathedral in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, the St. Sophia Cathedral in the Tsarskoe Selo area, the Tauride Palace, the Prince Vladimir Cathedral, the Pellinsky Palace, the country palaces on the estates of Sivoritsy and Taitsy, and the Nikolskoye-Gagarino estate. Architect Starov was born in St. Petersburg. He was born in 1745. At the age of 10, he was admitted as a student to the gymnasium at Moscow University. A year later, having performed well in his studies, he received a transfer to the gymnasium at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Initially, the future architect Ivan Starov showed a passion for art. Therefore, after successfully graduating from high school, he entered the Academy of Arts. His first teachers were the architect Alexander Filippovich Kokorinov and the French professor of architecture Jean-Baptiste-Michel Vallin-Delamote. Having received a first-class education, the hero of our article went on a trip abroad. As a pensioner of the Academy of Arts from 1762 to 1768, he lived and worked in Paris. At that time, a pensioner of the Academy of Arts was understood as a graduate of the Imperial Academy who received an appropriate monetary allowance. In essence, these were analogues of modern government or commercial grants. In France, the young man had the opportunity to further improve his skills. In most cases, retirees spent the money to travel to Italy or France, where there were plenty of opportunities to hone their talent. It is worth noting that only the best students who completed the course with a Big Gold Medal could count on boarding. Starting from the 18th century, boarding was paid for three years, later this period was increased to six. Architect Ivan Starov did just that. In Paris, he studied with one of the largest representatives of French classicism, Charles De Wailly, who had a great influence on both him and the entire Russian architectural tradition. The architect Starov also studied in Rome. Returning to St. Petersburg, the hero of our article first of all set about the project of the gentry cadet corps. For the successful completion of the work in 1769, he was officially recognized as an academician. After this he received the position of associate professor. Later in 1770 he was promoted to professor. Among his most ambitious projects, it is worth noting the plan for the formation of the city of Nikolaev at the mouth of the Southern Bug and Ingul rivers in the area of the built shipyard. This plan by a talented architect was distinguished by regular blocks and straight lines. In 1794, the already famous architect Ivan Yegorovich Starov became an adjunct rector. For several years he was the chief architect of the commission on the stone structure of Moscow and St. Petersburg. The biography of Ivan Yegorovich Starov is of interest to many connoisseurs of architecture. The architect died in 1808 at the age of 63. He was buried in St. Petersburg at the Lazarevskoye cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Starov was married to Natalya Grigorievna Demidova, the daughter of a famous domestic entrepreneur, botanist and philanthropist Grigory Akinfievich. He continued his father’s work, founding two factories, was also known as the creator of the first private botanical garden in Russia, and was considered a correspondent of the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus. During his career, Starov's father-in-law was noted for his effective management of the Demidov factories. While often remaining in the shadows, he did a lot of useful and important things for his family. In particular, he achieved the division of the inheritance between the brothers and gave the children a first-class education. His three sons traveled throughout Europe for many years, gaining knowledge in a variety of industries. Largely thanks to him, it was possible to preserve the collection of the German naturalist and physician Georg Steller, which consisted of 80 unique plants. Starov was a guarantor at the wedding of Natalia Pulcheria’s sister with the director of the Academy of Arts, Alexander Filippovich Kokorinov. Architect Starov created almost all of his buildings in the style of classicism. One of his very first striking works was the Trinity Cathedral of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. The place for it was determined by the Italian architect Trezzini; it was planned to build Nevsky Prospekt to this point. The original design was created by Schwertfeger. It was supposed to be a grandiose structure with two imposing bell towers topped with spiers. The cathedral was founded in 1722. However, as the building settled, cracks appeared, so the project was suspended indefinitely. In 1744, the construction site began to be dismantled down to the “sole.” By 1755, the cathedral was dismantled, although it was already roughly finished. In 1763, a new competition among architects was announced, but Empress Catherine II did not like any of the projects. Only in 1774 did they return to construction again, entrusting it to Starov. Two years later, the Empress approved the project he proposed. In 1778, the ceremonial foundation of the temple took place. The consecration took place in 1790. From that moment on, the Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky, the work of the architect Starov, actually became the capitular church of the order. The Tauride Palace is one of the most famous buildings built by the hero of our article. Initially, this was the St. Petersburg residence of Grigory Potemkin. Its construction was carried out from 1783 to 1789 in the style of classicism. The palace was located on Shpalernaya Street, next to the Tauride Garden. It was built by order of Empress Catherine II, who wanted to please her favorite. About 400 thousand rubles in gold were spent on its construction. It is worth noting that Potemkin himself visited it infrequently, since he was mainly involved in governing Novorossiya. In 1791, he came to it for the last time to win the heart of the empress from his new rival, Platon Zubov. The basis of Ivan Starov’s Tauride Palace was a two-story central building located in the depths of the front courtyard. Initially the palace was open to the Neva. This architectural perspective lasted until the construction of a water tower opposite the palace, as well as other structures related to the city waterworks. It is worth noting that the facade of the main building is distinguished by a Doric portico, and the garden building is distinguished by a semi-rotunda with a balcony. Two small wings are topped with domed towers. Currently, the palace complex includes the house of a garden master, built in 1794 by the architect Volkov. Ivan Starov built the Church of the Resurrection from 1782 to 1785 at the Volkovsky cemetery. The one-story stone building was founded in 1782 on the site of a previously existing wooden church. The second tier of the bell tower, which was located above the refectory, was crowned by a spire, which was added much later, in 1831. The general composition of the building is a typical version for Russian architecture of the 17th-18th centuries. In it, the refectory, the bell tower and the main building of the church are organically connected into a single whole. The hero of our article built iconic buildings not only in the capital. The Potemkin Palace by Ivan Yegorovich Starov was built in the small Belarusian town of Krichev. Work was carried out from 1778 to 1787. Today it is considered a true monument of architecture from the era of classicism. In its original plan, the building looks like a monogram of the letters “P” and “E”, which mean the initials of the Count and Empress himself. A garden park was laid out nearby, from which only isolated trees have survived to this day. The palace itself is two-story; on the main facade you can see the central rhizolith. On both floors in the center there were round halls of impressive size. The windows of the central projection were lancet, and those on the side ones had original sandriks. The internal layout, according to the custom of that time, was enfilade. It was changed radically in the middle of the 20th century. In total, the palace had about sixty spacious rooms. The front group was located on the ground floor, crowned by a vestibule with a staircase and an oval-shaped hall. All rooms were richly decorated with stucco decorations, and throughout the courtyard there was a system of tiled fireplaces. Behind the palace there was a stable and an orchard. Catherine II first arrived in Krichev in severe frosts in the winter of 1787, when she was traveling through the Crimea. She dined and spent the night in the palace. The next morning she left for Cherikov. Little is known for certain about the further fate of this work by architect Ivan Starov. One can only say that Potemkin lost the building, either by losing it at cards or by selling it. The nobleman Jan Golynsky, who became the new owner, did not save the palace during a fire in the 1840s, when it was significantly damaged. Moreover, over time, Golynsky’s descendants decided to remake it in accordance with contemporary fashion trends. Above the windows located on the second floor, lancet sandriks were fashioned, which have not survived to this day. A risalit with faceted pylons in a pseudo-Gothic style appeared at the central entrance. In 1917, all valuables were nationalized by the Bolsheviks, and a school was opened in the building itself. In the 1950s, a boarding school was located here. By that time, the palace had fallen into disrepair and was in a very dilapidated state. Work on restoration and restoration began only in the 80s of the 20th century. They were mothballed for almost two decades. In 2008, the restoration was officially completed. The building now houses the registry office and the local history museum. From 1782 to 1788, Starov, together with the Scottish architect Charles Cameron, built the St. Sophia Cathedral near St. Petersburg on the territory modern city Pushkin. It was the titular temple of the Order of St. Vladimir. Initially, there was a wooden temple on this site, which was decided to be demolished. Cameron did the main work, and Starov advised him more and helped him with any difficulties that arose. In 1788, the temple was consecrated in the presence of Empress Catherine II. This Orthodox church is located in the Northern capital in the block bounded by Blokhina Street, Khramov Lane, Dobrolyubov Avenue and Talalikhin Lane. Initially the temple was wooden. It was destroyed by fire in 1772. The fire also damaged the unfinished stone foundation of the temple, which by that time had already begun to be erected. Work was resumed only in 1783, when Starov joined the project. He made a decisive contribution to the design of facades. The temple was consecrated in honor of Prince Vladimir. Nowadays it is considered an architectural monument in a style transitioning from Baroque to Classicism. Its main volume is crowned by a powerful five-domed structure, and the interior is divided into three naves by impressive pylons. Starov worked a little in Moscow. In particular, he designed noble estate Catherine's period, which before October revolution belonged to the princes Gagarin. The house built by the hero of our article rises on a gentle hill. It is distinguished by its picturesqueness, which is facilitated by the complex layout, which includes oval halls and rectangular rooms, reminiscent of Bazhenov’s Tsaritsyn pavilions. The road to the estate itself runs along a pine alley. The front yard is decorated in the fashion of those times. The ensemble includes the main house, which has flat facade, and several two-story brick outbuildings, which are interconnected by Baroque decor and arcs of a brick fence. Behind the palace there is a terrace that goes down to the river. Also on the territory of the estate a service outbuilding, cattle and horse farm yards were built. Among other significant works of Starov it should be noted: Life story Starov Ivan Egorovich(02/12/1745, St. Petersburg - 04/5/1808, St. Petersburg) - an outstanding Russian architect. Born in Moscow in the family of a deacon, he initially studied at a school for children of “persons spiritual rank", then in 1755 he was admitted as a student to the gymnasium at Moscow University, a year later he was transferred to the gymnasium at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, and in 1758 he became a student of the Imperial Academy of Arts, studied with A.F. Kokorinov and Zh.B. Wallen-Delamotte. According to the results of the final exams held on September 1, 1761, I. Starov took first place in the architectural class and was awarded a gold medal, which gave him the right to travel abroad to further improve and study European architecture. As a pensioner of the Academy in 1762-1768. he traveled around Europe, studied with C. de Wailly in Paris, and studied ancient architectural monuments in Rome. Upon returning to St. Petersburg, for the first independent architectural project– buildings for the cadet gentry corps, I.E. Starov was awarded the title of academician of the Academy of Arts in 1769 and taught at the Academy. In 1772–1774 I.E. Starov was appointed chief architect of the “Commission on the Stone Construction of St. Petersburg and Moscow.” Here the architect came into close contact with the practice of urban planning. For two years, with his participation, the issues of developing “burnt places” in Moscow, Lyubim and Porkhov were resolved and planning projects were developed for such ancient Russian cities as Pskov, Narva, Veliky Ustyug, Voronezh. Already during this period he showed himself as an architect-urban planner with ensemble thinking. In the early 1770s. I.E. Starov built palace ensembles in Bogoroditsk and Bobriki near Tula. In 1773 he developed a project for one of his best estate ensembles - Nikolskoye-Gagarino near Moscow. The apotheosis of the architectural activity of I.E. Starov in the late 70s of the 18th century was the construction of the Trinity Cathedral of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. The architect worked on this structure, unique in its beauty and grandeur, from 1778 to 1790, while at the same time we remodeled the entire ensemble of monastery buildings. At the same time (in 1783–1788), by order of G. A Potemkin, the architect created his most famous creation - the Tauride Palace in St. Petersburg. This majestic and austere building has become the most striking and recognizable embodiment architectural style, created by I.E. Starov and one of the most striking monuments in the history of Russian architecture. The Tauride Palace was an organic combination of the images of a city residence and a country estate. The Tauride Palace became a role model for many decades. Every wealthy landowner of the empire tried to build on his estate, albeit not too large, but immersed in the greenery of the park, a snow-white house with columns, the center of which was allocated for the front door, and the wings for living quarters. From that time on, the architect worked a lot and fruitfully for G.A. Potemkin. I.E. Starov. He created several architectural estate ensembles on the estates of G.A. Potemkin. On his behalf, in the period between 1786–1790. The architect carries out large-scale design and construction work for the Russian Empire being created in the South. The architect created a master plan for the development of Yekaterinoslav. I.E. Starov brilliantly implemented G.A.’s idea. Potemkin to build an impressive capital city (Potemkin saw Ekaterinoslav as the capital of New Russia), in no way inferior to the best European cities XVIII century The city is planned in accordance with the ideology of classicism - as a network of blocks of the correct geometric shape. In addition, Ekaterinoslav was conceived as “ open city" Instead of the strong fortifications typical of the Middle Ages, the city was surrounded by a network of well-planned boulevards. Unfortunately, during the architect’s lifetime, this project was not realized. Particularly fruitful was the work of I.E. Starov in Kherson and Nikolaev. In 1881 I.E. Starov created a project for the Catherine Cathedral for the city of Kherson (later this temple became the tomb for G.A. Potemkin); in 1782, according to his design, the construction of a palace for G.A. began. Potemkin. These buildings were conceived by the architect as the architectural dominant of the Kherson fortress. Working in Novorossiya, I.E. Starov actually created the architectural image of this region. He creatively combined the forms of strict classicism with the traditions of Moldavian folk architecture. As a result, the buildings he created in Ekaterinoslav, Kherson, Nikolaev have their own original and unique appearance and composition. Unfortunately, the architects who subsequently worked in our region were unable to adequately understand, evaluate and further develop the findings of I.E. Starova. This is one evidence that this architect was far ahead of his time and remained one of the misunderstood and underestimated geniuses in the history of Russian architecture. All these features of the architect’s creativity were especially evident in his works performed for the city of Nikolaev. I.E. Starov arrived in the city of Nikolaev, which was under construction, in the spring of 1790 at the invitation of G.A. Potemkin. Here he developed the basics of a master plan for the development of the city. The project is based on a city with regular buildings, including regular rectangular blocks and wide straight streets with houses with their main facades facing the “red line” of the streets. It should be noted that of all the urban planning projects of I.E. Stasov, it was probably the Nikolaev project that was implemented most successfully and consistently. The architect created designs for the main buildings, for the main square of the city (Magistratskaya, later Cathedral) - a building (guardhouse) and the Church of St. Gregory (since 1801 - St. Nicholas Admiralty Cathedral). These buildings became the basis of the ensemble of Magistrate (Cathedral) Square, later supplemented by the buildings of the city government and the port office. This square, formed at the beginning of the 19th century, was for a century one of the brightest examples of an architectural ensemble in the classicist style in the southern Ukrainian region. I.E. Starov created a development plan for the village of Bogoyavlensk. Here he used what was popular at the beginning of the 19th century. the principle of radial layout of streets intersecting in the main square of the city. According to the architect's designs, a palace (actually a country estate) was built in Bogoyavlensk for G.A. Potemkin, as well as the Church of the Epiphany. The construction of a palace for Countess A.V. was also planned. Branitskaya (not implemented). Many projects created by I.E. Starovv for G.A. Potemkin were never implemented due to the death of the latter in 1791. In 1786–1798. I.E. Starov is the chief architect of the Office of the Buildings of Her Imperial Majesty's Houses and Gardens. He headed the architectural and design work in the Winter, Marble, Anichkov, Chesme palaces. The architect had to create new interiors in the Winter Palace after the fire of 1837. From 1800 until his death I.E. Starov was at the head construction control during the construction of the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg. With the accession to the throne of Emperor Paul I, the architect was removed from most projects. The role of I.E. Starov in Russian architecture, despite the recognition of his merits, is still not sufficiently recognized. The highest achievements of the contemporary culture of classicism found expression in his works. With his creative discoveries, the architect laid the foundations for many innovations that were developed in the work of architects of subsequent generations. The entire style of I.E. Starov, as noted by art historian I. E. Grabar, “was ahead of Russia by as much as half a century and seems to belong to the 1820s.” Sources and literature: Architects of St. Petersburg. XVIII century / Comp. V. G. Isachenko; ed. Y. Artemyeva, S. Prokhvatilova. – St. Petersburg: Lenizdat, 1997. Kavun M. Architect, who drew Ekaterinoslav [Electronic resource] / M. Kavun. — Access mode: http://realnest.com.ua/information/articles/1791. Voronov V.G. Ivan Starov - the chief architect of the era of Catherine the Great / V.G. Voronov - St. Petersburg: Art, 2008. Vergunov A.P. Russian gardens and parks / A.P. Vergunov, V.A. Gorokhov M: “Science”, 1988. Kuhar-Onyshko N.A. Bogoyavlensk – the cradle of Nikolaev / N.A. Kuhar-Onyshko - Nikolaev: Publishing house. Irina Gudym. 2013. Kucharians D.A. Ivan Starov / D.A. Kucharians - St. Petersburg. : Stroyizdat, 1997. Shkvarikov V.A. Essay on the history of planning and development of Russian cities / V.A. Shkvarikov - M.: Stroyizdat, 1954.early years
Education
Homecoming
Personal life
Notable projects
Complex
Fate of the building
Prince Vladimir Cathedral
Ivan Egorovich Starov, the author of the master plan for Yekaterinoslav, was born on February 23, 1744 in Moscow in the family of a deacon. He studied at a school for children of the “clerical rank.” When the boy was eleven years old, his parents, trying to give him a secular education, sent their son to the gymnasium at Moscow University.
From the very foundation of the Academy of Arts, Alexander Fedorovich Kokorinov taught there. He was one of the first professors of the academy, and in 1761 he became its director. It was in that year that Kokorinov told I.I. Shuvalov about the results of the exams held on September 1, 1761, in which Ivan Starov took first place in the architectural class.
After Kokorinov's death in 1772, Starov designed a tombstone for his grave.
Starov was among the students of the first graduating class of the Academy of Arts, which took place in 1762. The eighteen-year-old architect received thorough theoretical training. Upon graduation from the academy, Starov was awarded a sword, and for his success and undoubted talent - a gold medal, which gave him the right to travel abroad.
In the fall of 1762, Starov arrived in Paris. The years of mastering the achievements of European architecture began. Only on September 1, 1768, the twenty-four-year-old architect returned to St. Petersburg. Of the six years he spent away from his homeland, he lived five in Paris and a year in Italy.
In September 1766, the long-awaited permission came to go to Rome “and stay there for one year and six months in all of Italy.” Subsequently, this period was reduced to a year.
In 1769, Starov completed his first independent project- Land gentry corps. In 1772, Starov was assigned to the “Commission on the Stone Structure of St. Petersburg and Moscow.” In the early 1770s, Starov built palace ensembles in Bogoroditsk and Bobriki near Tula. Two years after the development of these projects, in 1773, Starov built for S.S. Gagarin's magnificent manor house in the village of Nikolskoye, now about ninety kilometers from Moscow.
In the early and mid-1770s, Starov designed and built three original ensembles not far from St. Petersburg - the dacha of A.G. Demidov on the Peterhof road and the estate for the brothers A.G. and P.G. The Demidovs - their brothers-in-law - in Taitsy and Sivoritsy.
In 1774, Starov began to embody in nature one of his most capital works - the Trinity Cathedral of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, which he completed in 1790.
The appearance of the ensemble and the park in front of it from the Neva produced a surprisingly complete impression. This demonstrated Starov’s ability to find a large-scale and stylistically expressive dominant that subordinated all the elements of the composition, merging them into a single whole.
From the mid-1770s creative activity Starova becomes broad and multifaceted. He carries out various architectural works commissioned by outstanding statesman, a man of sharp mind and indomitable energy G.A. Potemkin.
In 1778, Starov developed designs for Potemkin for a pleasure house in Ozerki and a palace in Osinovaya Roshcha. In 1782, he began designing a palace on the Horse Guards site, which was later named Tauride. At the same time (1783-1790) Starov created a residence for Potemkin in Ostrovki on the Neva.
In 1786-1790, Starov carried out large design and construction work for the south of Russia. According to his plans, estates grow on the banks of rivers, palaces, civil and religious buildings, and ensembles are erected in cities. In 1786, Starov built a manor house in Dubrovitsy on the Goryn River. The year 1789 was marked by an abundance of works. The architect designs a manor house, a guest courtyard, and makes drawings for the reconstruction of a church for Dubrovno on the Dnieper, west of Smolensk. a year later, Starov creates a planning project for Yekaterinoslav. The city-forming center of the newly founded city according to this project was the palace built by Starov for Potemkin in 1786-1787.
The master plan of Ekaterinoslav is a bright page not only in creative biography Starova. The plan went down in the history of domestic urban planning. Simultaneously with the development of the general layout, Starov designed a cathedral, government and philistine buildings for the city.
In 1790, Starov built estate houses for Potemkin and his niece Countess A.V. Branitskaya, a church, a fountain and a granite bathhouse in the village of Bogoyavlensk, which he planned on the banks of the Bug. The year 1790 was marked by the design of the city of Nikolaev on the Ingul River and the buildings that formed the main city square - the cathedral, the magistrate's building and "stone shops".
Starov's last work associated with the name of Potemkin is a mausoleum for the all-powerful prince on the estate of A.V. Branitskaya.
One of Starov’s most significant works of 1784-1789 is the palace ensemble in Pella, near St. Petersburg, on the Neva.
Pella is a gigantic palace ensemble, which, in terms of the grandeur of its design and composition, can be compared with the buildings of the architects of the ancient world, distinguished by a subtle understanding of conditions natural environment. Starov masterfully used the features of the territory closed between the banks of the Neva and the Shlisselburg tract.
Starov's last works are the Bogoroditsky Cathedral in Kazan (1796) and the Church of the Intercession in Bolshaya Kolomna in St. Petersburg.
Like many contemporary architects, Starov designed and built a home for himself. Starov's house, built by him in the second half of the 1780s, was located on the corner of the same Simeonovskaya street and the Fontanka embankment. The Starovs moved into their elegant three-story house with their five sons - Alexander, Peter, Pavel, Mikhail and Ivan. Starov lived in the house on Fontanka until 1804, when the architect, already very ill, sold his house on Fontanka and purchased it from the merchant P.E. Gusev is a modest two-story building with a garden.
The architect died in 1808.
