Materials and tools for work:

1. Buttons on the leg with a relief pattern;
2. — mass for creating molds;
3. Baked polymer clay, I used plastic (marble swamp);
4. round shape;
5. Baby powder;
6. Knitting needle.

Operating procedure:

Part 1 “Making molds (casts)”

1. Dust the textured surface of the button with powder. Remove excess powder with a brush.

   

2. Roll out a layer of Sculpey Mold Maker clay onto work surface, on which we will subsequently bake the resulting mold. The thickness of the layer should be a couple of millimeters greater than the height of the button from which we have to take an impression. Learn more about how to roll out a layer of the required thickness.
3. We evenly immerse the outer part of the button into the prepared layer of mold maker. To make it easier to “press” it evenly into the plastic, I used a cutter with a smaller diameter than the button itself.

   

4. Carefully move the mold-maker towards the button so that it tightly adheres to the edges of the sample.

   

5. We pass the knitting needle through the eye of the button and remove the button from the mold maker with a straight upward movement. The quality of the beads that we will make depends on the quality of the resulting casts, therefore, if the cast is not quite even or the pattern is “blurred” when the button is removed from the plastic, then it is better to crumple the mold-maker and start all over again.

   

6. Now, using a round cutter with a diameter larger than the resulting cast, we cut off the excess mold-maker around the cast. It is very important that the button print is strictly in the middle.

   

7. In order not to distort the shape of the impression, bake the resulting mold together with the cutter in an oven at a temperature of 110-130°C for 20 minutes. It is necessary to take two identical impressions from one button.

Now that the molds are ready, you can begin making the lentil beads themselves with a textured surface.

Part 2 “Making lentils with a double-sided textured surface”

The process is extremely simple:

The bead is ready! Its further decoration depends on your ideas. You can bake it as is. Or you can apply a powder-pigment like VIVA Décor or Pearl Ex on the raw (unbaked) plastic with sliding movements of the brush, as I did. Or tint an already baked button with acrylic paints.

All that remains is to talk about how to calculate exactly the amount of plastic so that it strictly fills the entire cavity of the mold.

An extruder comes to the rescue in solving this issue: we charge it with plastic and squeeze out the sausage. The shape of the nozzle used does not matter. Using a ruler, we make markings on the sausage in increments of 1 cm. We experimentally determine how many centimeters of such a sausage fit into our casting mold: that is, for example, we take a 4 cm sausage “by eye,” roll up a bead, pierce it with a pin, fold a sandwich and look at the result. Was plastic surgery not enough? Then add another centimeter of sausage to these two centimeters and make a bead again, and so on until you achieve the desired result. On my third attempt I managed to find the right volume of plastic and now I know that for a specific shape I will need 6.5 cm of sausage square section from any polymer clay. In this way, you can measure plastic to make beads of the same size.

Instead of an extruder, you can use a pasta machine: roll out a layer of clay and use a small cutter, for example, a round one (the shape doesn’t matter), cut into circles. In this case, the measure of the required volume will not be the centimeters of the sausage, but the number of plastic circles of the same thickness and diameter.

And finally one more small idea for the production of beads textured on both sides with a groove along the edge. To make such a bead, we will take more plastic than the mold can accommodate. That is, instead of 6.5 cm of the same sausage, we take 8 cm. We squeeze the “sandwich” leaving a gap between the two casts.

Coloring various surfaces not only can it give them an updated look, but also often helps protect the product from rust or even minor mechanical damage. Using paint for home renovation is inevitable, however, there may be certain obstacles to acquiring the required composition: the consumer may be scared off by the high price of the product, or it may not be available at all in the provincial wilderness.

In such situations possible solution there will be problems self-production dye.

Peculiarities

Regardless of the type, most people perceive paint as a purchased product, but preparing it with my own hands at home is not so difficult. As a rule, such a mixture contains only 2-3 main ingredients that must be included, which can be purchased on the market without any problems.

Expensive paints and varnishes best brands at the same time they can show much more high quality due to inclusions various additives, however, for unpretentious use, homemade paint will also work.

Making your own paints allows you to significantly save on buying expensive paint and make the product exactly the type and color you need.

It is quite possible that such a material will be somewhat inferior to expensive industrial analogues, say, in terms of durability or ability to withstand negative influences. external influence, however, for conditional small repairs in the garage, this option is ideal.

Manufacturing methods

For handmade There are many recipes for painting at home - it all depends on the type of paint and varnish material that you plan to prepare. It should be noted that It’s better to buy too complex types of paint (like façade or heat-saving) because they contain a huge amount of additives. Everything else you can and should try to do yourself.

Slate

Chalkboard paint paints any surfaces in such a way that an imitation is obtained chalk board. Ways practical application There can be quite a lot of such finishing material, but first of all, children’s eyes should light up - it’s very convenient to write on a painted surface with chalk!

The composition is absolutely non-toxic even in the factory version, so its use in a nursery is quite appropriate. Home option differs from the one sold only in that the surface scratches faster.

The simplest method involves simply adding two spoons of cement to a glass of any acrylic paint.

There is a more complex recipe: to three parts of acrylic paint, add one part of matte varnish based on the same acrylic, cement (or putty, or grout) and water. In both cases, the mixture is thoroughly mixed. The creator chooses the coloring at his own discretion.

To turn a wall or furniture into a full-fledged slate board can be mixed with cement and a small amount of magnetic chips - then the resulting substance will be able to attract metal objects. It is not difficult to calculate the amount of such crumbs: the more there is, the higher the magnetic properties of the dye.

Oily

Paints used by artists for oil painting, in their recipe are very similar to their construction counterparts, and people of art traditionally prepared materials for creativity on their own.

The most difficult thing to get is pigments, that is, coloring substances. You won’t be able to prepare them yourself, so all you have to do is buy them in a store or order them online. The manufacturing process can be toxic, so you should take care of the products in advance personal protection: respirator and gloves.

The procedure should be carried out only in a well-ventilated area.

It is worth mentioning separately that ready-made composition may react with metal, therefore metal utensils are not suitable for such operations.

Then everything is simple: the pigments are thoroughly mixed with linseed, nut, poppy or hemp oil. There is no exact proportion, but the manufacturer’s task is to completely wet the pigments and bring them to a homogeneous liquid state with a minimum of oil used, otherwise the paint will quickly turn yellow when dried. For kneading, use a glass rod or a special artistic tool - a palette knife..

You can also add a little wax (provides a matte finish), resin (adds shine) or turpentine (helps thin the mixture).

Acrylic

Making acrylic paint is not difficult in words, but its composition includes many ingredients that are unlikely to be found in the home of an ordinary person. As is the case with oil paint, you will have to independently find and select ready-made pigments that are mixed with water to obtain a colored paste. After this, the resulting liquid dye is combined with an acrylic dispersion, which will also have to be purchased specially. The density of the composition is adjusted by adding required quantity water.

Since going to the store for complex ingredients is a must, you can explore the possibility of using other additives. Special antifreezes will help the paint and varnish material better withstand low temperatures, fire retardants will make the composition resistant to high temperatures and fire.

Textured

For the stylish modern renovations characteristic is the use of textures that differ significantly from smooth and even surfaces. For wall decoration, a special textured paint, which is a cheaper substitute for expensive repairs using natural stone, sand and so on.

The variety of finished products cannot be repeated at home, but the most simple varieties It’s quite possible to do it yourself.

The basis for such experiments will be acrylic paint any type. To give it a characteristic rough texture, you need a filler, which can even be made from ordinary putty.

For something more intricate, you can head to hardware store behind granite crystals or construction sand, which will give the paint the appropriate texture.

Specialists Special attention point out that the use of ordinary river or sea sand instead of clean construction options is not recommended due to the heterogeneity and size of the fraction, and this does not contribute to good adhesion.

Other options

Paint Recipes different types are quite numerous and strongly depend on the type of surface to be painted and the required properties. In particular, huge the so-called Finnish paint . It is heat resistant and designed primarily for wood, but also suitable for concrete and different types roofs.

A large bucket of this paint requires: 8 liters hot water, 1 kg of rye flour, 1 kg of iron sulfate, 120 g of kitchen salt, 0.8 liters of drying oil and 4 kg of ocher. The same recipe can be found everywhere on the Internet, although in each case the proportions may differ slightly. For painting roofs, a Finnish recipe with twice the drying oil content is usually used.

For home use often do decorative types paints, for example stained glass or for glass painting. In most cases, the base is the same acrylic paint, and all that remains is to understand what to add so that the composition acquires the desired properties. Thus, marker paint is obtained by adding polyurethane and epoxy resin, which provide it with smoothness and elasticity combined with water-repellent properties.

Any paint becomes fireproof by adding the right types fire retardant, and the metallic color can be complemented by a characteristic texture through the addition of metal chips.

Rubber and powder paints, widely used in the automotive industry, are perhaps the only paint and varnish materials that are usually not made at home due to the complexity of the process and the inability to obtain all the necessary ingredients of proper quality.

For those who are just experimenting with creating homemade paints, a few more proven tips will be useful:

• When mixing wood paints (in particular, for furniture), the use of a fire retardant in the recipe is mandatory, because only this component guarantees that the surface will not contribute to the spread of fire.
• If a painted surface requires centuries of service, it is foolish to rely on water-based paints. The widespread use of acrylic dispersion as a base is precisely due to the fact that such a base is very durable, which is why it is worth paying extra for it.

)5 E 04 E 21/20 WRITING TO THE CERTIFICATE OF INVENTION and painting the edges of elements in colors, differing in that, to reduce the labor intensity of work and enhance the dynamic effect in a wide range, the surface is formed from volumetric elements of inclination of edges to the main surface are less than 20 with the ratio of the area of ​​the Texture to the area of ​​the main surface not less than 1.06, and one oriented edges of the elements are of the same color. p. 1, distinguishing the edges of the implementation of the paint torch, the clone of the edges of 2, the method in that the colors at an angle of inclination less than the angle on the surface are 35 new if short. yellow - like orange and figuratively: red blue. The color-dynamic activity of the surface, i.e., its ability to actively change color, even with a slight change in viewing angle, does not depend on the physical dimensions of the texture elements, i.e. , a surface with an arbitrarily small texture can be just as active as a surface with a large texture, provided that their raster elements are similar. Both regular and chaotic raster surfaces can be used as color-dynamic ones, for example, according to STATE COMMITTEE FOR INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES State Committee for Science and Technology of the USSR (71) Moscow Research and Design Institute of Objects of Culture, Recreation, Sports and Health Care, (54) (57) 1. METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING DURATIVE TEXTURED SURFACES, including forming a surface from volumetric elements having inclined edges on the front surface. The invention relates to construction, mainly for decorative finishing of external and internal surfaces elements of buildings and structures. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the labor intensity of work and enhance the color-dynamic effect in a wide spectral range. In Fig. Figure 1 shows the facade of a color-dynamic surface, each element of the texture of which is made tetrahedral with the edges colored in four colors; in Fig.2- section A-A in Fig, 1; in Fig, 3 section B-B in Fig. 1. When considering color-dynamic surfaces with fairly small texture elements, an additive shift occurs in the colors visible to the observer from a given point. If the observer sees only the red edges of the texture elements, the surface is perceived as red, different color speckles with the angle of the axis not the surface. surface color, the color of the surface (shown in Fig. 1-.3) can vary in the spectral range, orange, yellow, green-violet. purple surfaces with gravel, sand, etc., textures. When considering sufficiently large planes with a color-dynamic surface, spectral “stretching” effects arise. For example, the left edge of the plane may look red, the right - blue, the bottom - yellow, the top - purple. The colors of the intermediate sections are determined by the corresponding additive mixtures and form spectral stretches. The most important property of color-dynamic surfaces is their ability to actively respond by changing color to the deformation of their shape. When forming textured surfaces from volumetric elements with clearly defined inclined edges, it is necessary that the angle of inclination of the edges of the elements to the main surface was at least 20, since at smaller angles the color-dynamic effects are little noticeable. When forming surfaces from elements that do not have clearly defined edges (gravel, sand), it is necessary that the ratio of the surface area of ​​the Yaf texture, taking into account the surface area of ​​the volumetric elements) to the area of ​​the main surface RAO was at least 1.06, P = - φ,06 RAO The ratio P can be called the texture coefficient of a given surface. The method of manufacturing a textured surface, taking into account the specified geometric parameters, is determined by the material used and existing technology its processing. For example, metal, synthetic, glass items with textured surfaces can be produced by casting, pressing, rolling, etc. Iedelia made of concrete and ceramic products by the method of molding and pressing, etc. Not the actual textured surfaces can also be produced, but separate volumetric elements that allow the formation of a textured surface by their subsequent joining. To impart color-dynamic properties to the fabricated textured surface, texture elements of approx. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 are required B 0 45 50 55 increase from different sides V various colors in such a way that all equally oriented edges (sides) of the elements are painted in the same color. Technologically, such painting can be carried out using paint spraying devices - various spray guns, airbrushes, paint spray guns, as well as stationary industrial installations. Painting of products can be done in two ways: a) on a conveyor - when moving products past fixedly installed nozzles of paint spraying devices; b) when moving paint spraying devices relative to fixedly installed products, which can also be done manually), In both cases, the most significant thing is that the angle of inclination of the axis of the paint spray created by the device must be less than the angle of inclination of the edges of the texture elements to the main surface by 3-5. Painting of texture elements in different colors is carried out in stages or simultaneously - when the products move relative to the nozzles of paint spraying devices stationary installed on different sides, each of which paints only the edges oriented towards it in its color elements of texture. During stage-by-stage coloring, “masks” can also be used, allowing various images to be “imprinted” on the surface of the product. In relation to this invention, the term “coloring” should be used broadly. “Coloring” should also be understood as any methods of application to differently oriented faces texture elements of any substances (not necessarily dyes), differing in color, tone or optical properties. For example, color-dynamic surfaces can be obtained by spraying easily destructible protective substances onto some faces of the elements, followed by galvanizing other faces. Thus, different metal coatings can be applied to differently oriented faces.

Application

3826612, 07.12.1984

MOSCOW RESEARCH AND DESIGN INSTITUTE OF CULTURAL, RECREATION, SPORTS AND HEALTH FACILITIES

FEIST ANDREY ALEXEEVICH

IPC / Tags

Link code

Method for manufacturing decorative textured surfaces

Similar patents

In the circuit, the timing is measured, according to the sequence in which they are reached, and control signals for carrying out the process are formed from them. This invention has the advantage that at least one elementary component can be continuously and accurately measured on test flows, even in the case of low concentration. This is ensured, on the one hand, by simultaneous by measuring the radiation effect of the scattering background, and on the other hand, by measuring such a scattering background, which, like the scattering background on which the effect of the measured elementary component 296331 is superimposed, is exposed to the influence of the matrix and the concentration of the analyzed element. The device is especially effective in detecting components where the result from the measure is not...

Directed radially, which provides some distance between the linear sides 27, 28 of the coils and the base 32 of the permanent magnet 12. 15 Since in all coils 18 the current flows in the same direction, creating magnetic fields in the same direction as the fields of the permanent magnets 12 , then demagnetization of the permanent magnets is prevented, which would occur if the current flow in the coils is in the opposite direction. A variant of the device is possible in which the current in all coils flows in a direction in which the created magnetic field is directed in the axial direction opposite to the direction of the field, created by 30 permanent magnets 12. In such a device, permanent magnets move in the direction...

Tortsov. A nut 8 is installed on the body 4 of the valve 2, connected to it with the possibility of their mutual rotation. On the body 4, an element 9 is mounted with a tie, articulated with the body 3. The nut 8 partially encloses the tie element 9 when the flow section of the device is open. On the guide surface of the valve 2 there is a recess 10, on both sides of which there are sealing elements 11, and inside the valve there is a channel 12 with an outlet on its outer surface. In the body 4 there are windows 13 through which the valve 2 is connected with a nut 8 by means of liners 14, the inner surface of which fits into the groove 10, and the outer surface fits into the groove of the nut 8 and is fixed in the axial direction. washer 15 and retaining ring 50 16. Between the bodies...

Glass products can be made using a variety of methods - casting, rolling, pressing, drawing or blowing.

When casting glass melt, special steel molds are used, with the help of which various architectural, construction and art products. The same method is used in the manufacture of discs for lenses of complex optical technology.

Manufacturing and production of glass products

The glass production process involves the sequential implementation of the following technological operations:

• preparation of raw materials, their grinding and drying;
• production of glass batch - preparing a mixture of components while maintaining certain proportions;
• glass melting;
• development of materials and products using various molding techniques;
• thermal, chemical or mechanical restoration products in order to improve their properties.

Sheet glass, which is the most common in construction, is made using one of the following methods:

• Pulling. A tape is drawn from hot and viscous glass melt using a special machine, which can pass between rotating shafts through a fire-resistant beam with a special slot (boat) or freely (boatless method). Next, the workpiece is cooled and annealed in the machine chamber. In this way, glass with a thickness of 2 to 6 mm is produced;
• Continuous rental. This method involves pouring glass melt onto a flat surface and rolling it with rollers, the surface of which can be glossy or textured;
• Float method (floating tape). The surface of the molten metal is used to form the glass strip.

The last method is the most modern. Its advantage is a perfectly flat and smooth surface glass that does not require additional grinding and polishing.

Pressing glass products

Pressing is a fairly simple and long-known to mankind method of molding glass products, with the help of which various shaped products are obtained. The technology for this method of processing glass melt is simple. A viscous workpiece of a certain volume and mass is placed in a matrix (mold) and pressed down with a punch. As a result, the glass melt fills the space between the surface of the mold and the punch. Manual, semi-automatic and automatic devices are used for pressing.

Characteristic features of glass products made by this method are the presence of side seams and uneven diameter (the glass at the bottom is always thicker than the walls). Due to their simple and quick production, such products are relatively cheap.

Decoration of glass products

To decorate glass products, a wide range of technological techniques are used that allow you to achieve the necessary artistic and aesthetic effect.

The following methods can be used during the molding process decorative processing glass:

• overlay glass (overcolor);
• colored spots;
• imitation marble;
• bubbles inside the glass;
• textured surface (wavy, rolled or grooved);
• crackle;
• decoration using colored threads, stripes, cords;
• decoration using glass fiber and fiberglass;
• bulk drawing.

Decoration of already molded glass products can be done using mechanical or chemical methods, as well as using various coatings and films.

Mechanical processing methods include the following decoration techniques:

• number grinding;
• diamond edge;
• washer face;
• engraving;
• sandblasting.

Chemical decoration is carried out using hydrofluoric acid and general view called etching. Depending on the characteristics of the technology, a distinction is made between simple (guilloche) and pantograph etching. Deep artistic etching is also used, which is the most labor-intensive and expensive method of finishing glass.

For application decorative coatings and films are used:

• painting;
• silk-screen printing;
• iridescence;
• decals;
• photo printing;
• aerosols:
• luster paints.

Decorating glass during the manufacturing process is simpler and cheaper, so it is used more often than decorating a finished product.

Buy glass and glass products in Moscow

Glass products are used as spectacular decorative elements and can be a wonderful gift or part of exquisite interior. Therefore, many companies are engaged in the production various types glass products. Given the variety of manufacturing and decoration methods, as a rule, companies specialize in one or another type of product.

In Moscow, glass and glass products are manufactured by:

• S-glass - a company specializing in the manufacture glass partitions, doors and other interior elements;
• Stained glass manufactory No. 1 - produces unique stained glass windows;
• Glass Decor is one of the leading companies specializing in decorating glass products;
• Mercury 6 - specializes in the design, manufacture and installation of glass structures of any complexity;
• Rusjam is a company of the Shishejam group, the world leader in the production of glass containers;
• Promsteklo - the company processes broken glass and also produces glass furniture and interior items.

Glass blowers

The production of glass products using the blowing method is carried out by representatives of a special profession - blowers. They roll the glass melts on tiles or in a boiler room, taking into account the shape of the future product. Next are executed technological operations, as a result of which blank jars are obtained that are supplied for further processing.

A professional blower must have an excellent understanding of the technology for producing glass and products made from it. He knows the techniques and methods of blowing glass products, including those with complex configurations and increased dimensions. Blowers must be well aware of all the requirements for the quality of their products and understand possible reasons the appearance of defects and take measures to prevent it.

Glass products manufacturers and suppliers

Many Russian companies produce and supply high-quality glass to the market.

As a rule, each company specializes in a certain type of product, for example:

• "Factory tempered glass» produces high-strength glass used in construction and design;
• Zavod Symbol LLC produces laboratory glass and souvenirs, as well as various containers;
• Steklo Lux LLC specializes in the production of automobile glass;
• Znamensky Composite Plant uses ultra-modern technologies and materials for production building materials, including fiberglass pipes.

The range of glass products is wide and varied, which allows you to find the optimal manufacturer and supplier.