House made of timber instructions. Building a house from timber: types of building timber, design features, stages of building construction. Features of building houses from laminated veneer lumber

: where to start, what to pay attention to first when constructing timber house when construction ends.

Before starting construction, many developers experience anxiety, a premonition of fuss and problems. Don’t worry, anxiety happens to most people, because not every year you have to build own house. Many are building for the first time, once and for all. Without experience, it is difficult to remain calm and unperturbed.

There are constant thoughts in my head: will they deceive me, will they follow the rules when building my house, will the house turn out to be solid and reliable, will there be enough money, etc.?

If you are building with a company "Chukhloma Estate", then don’t worry and be sure that your log house will be built as it should, in accordance with the Contract. “Chukhloma Estate” has been on the construction market since 2001, during which time we have built so many wooden houses from logs and from timber, that we have lost count of them.

The main thing for us is to build a house with high quality, so that our customers are satisfied with our work and continue cooperation in the future, recommending our company to their relatives, friends and acquaintances. And this is only possible if our customers are satisfied with our houses and our carpenters.

So, where does the construction of any house begin? That's right, from the foundation...

1.Construction of a foundation for a house made of timber

Construction of the foundation is the first stage in the construction of a house made of timber.

The most common types of foundations that are erected for timber houses are (MZLF), pile-grillage And pile-screw foundation.

Of these three, the most in demand is pile-screw foundation. Due to three factors: price, production speed and the ability to install it at any time of the year.

The pile-screw foundation has the most low price manufacturing, in comparison with all others, this is the decisive factor in its choice among most developers. Moreover, there is no need to wait for some time until it is ready. As a rule, one day of light is enough to screw the piles into the ground. The next day you can begin installing the frame on it.

Since houses made of timber are built year-round, the construction of other types of foundations is problematic, especially MZLF, because concrete does not set well in the cold, and it is difficult to dig a trench for it in frozen soil.

Thus, if you want to build a house inexpensively, then pay attention to a pile-screw foundation. It has proven itself well at our customers' sites. Houses made of timber and even logs, built by our company “Chukhloma Estate” 10 or more years ago, stand firmly on a pile-screw foundation, without complaints from customers.

A foundation with a grillage is something between a pile-screw and a strip foundation in terms of price and manufacturing principle, so it is acceptable for those who are hesitant to make a choice in favor of the first and who have a fairly large house.

For those who decided to build thoroughly, to build big house for several generations, it is worth choosing a shallow strip foundation. This is the most expensive type of foundation, but also the most reliable. There is no doubt that it will stand under the house for its entire service life. It is especially suitable for overall dimensions.

2. Types of timber, installation of a log house

After you have the foundation ready, a team of carpenters begins the second stage of construction - erecting a log house on it.

If the foundation is pile-screw, then before installing the house, a strapping row is installed on the pile-screw foundation, which will connect all the piles protruding from the ground.

The strapping uses a regular beam with a cross-section of at least 100x150 mm: the larger the structure, the more rooms it has, the more complex the foundation and the more piles, the thicker the beam should be.

The strapping row must be processed, because the timber is in contact with the metal, and this is not the best environment for materials with opposite properties. Antiseptic treatment of the strapping row is mandatory!

In this article we will consider the construction of a log house only from, which is a building material from natural wood, manufactured mechanically without using chemical exposure: timber with natural moisture and chamber drying.

The first type of timber includes , and to the second dry profiled timber.

Regular timber differs from profiled timber in price - it is the cheapest and, therefore, affordable wooden building material due to the fact that it undergoes minimal processing.

During its manufacture, the wood layer is removed until a block of the required cross-section is obtained. Therefore, it is slightly rough to the touch, as carpenters jokingly call it “shaggy timber”.

Log house from simple timber requires either additional processing of the walls in the form of sharpening and grinding, or cladding with other wall material.

From ordinary timber they build not only houses, but also other types of buildings: outbuildings, garages, sheds, gazebos, it is used for the production of strapping rows and beam floors in floors and ceilings.

It has tenons and grooves on both sides, with which it closes in the wall when assembling a log house from it.

Both simple and profiled “raw” timber have a humidity of 25-40%. The level of humidity depends on the period of manufacture and the environment, because wood is a hygroscopic material that has the ability to take and release moisture into environment. The longer the timber is exposed to natural moisture outdoors, the drier it becomes.

Dry profiled timber- the most expensive type of wooden building material among all types of solid timber, since it undergoes additional drying in a heat chamber. Its humidity, according to GOST, should be 12-20%.

In appearance, it is no different from profiled timber with natural moisture: it has the same grooves on both sides, smooth surfaces on the other two sides. A log house assembled from profiled timber does not require additional treatment of the walls, because they are smooth, without roughness, and have a beautiful wood texture. To preserve the integrity of the timber of the log house, the walls must be treated with an antiseptic and, if desired, given some shade.

A log house is being erected from timber. Both types of locking connections in the corners retain heat well when high-quality manufacturing, because have a complex configuration that does not allow outside air to pass through.

A log house made of timber is built either on a shrinkage basis or on a turnkey basis.

3.Construction of a house from timber for shrinkage

The phased construction of a house from timber implies that the construction of a building for shrinkage or turnkey determines the further order of work.

The construction phase takes longer because the house is built from timber with natural moisture.

A house made of “raw” timber shrinks up to 10% in the first year of construction. This means that it will decrease in height, because... the timber in the rows will dry out and shrink. During this period, when wooden building materials will sag, windows and doors cannot be installed to avoid formation in the walls. Because window and door frames will prevent this, will keep the upper rows from subsidence while the lower ones will shrink freely.

Thus, the upper crowns, which will be held by windows and doors, will not be able to tightly close with the lower ones and gaps will form between them. That is why they build a house from timber with natural moisture for shrinkage, so that the rows of the house during shrinkage can tightly close together and “grow” to each other.

To do this, after the construction of the log house, openings are made in those places where windows and doors will be installed so that there is ventilation inside the house.

The house must be covered with a roof to protect it from precipitation, you can do it right away permanent roof, under the weight of which shrinkage will occur faster.

Shrinkage occurs for about six months, its most intense stage occurs in the first 3-4 months.

4.Construction of a turnkey timber house

A house is being built from kiln-drying timber, because... it gives less shrinkage, up to 3-5% in the first year of construction. With this construction option, windows and doors are installed immediately, but taking into account shrinkage, technological compensation gaps are made above them.

Expansion gap- this is the distance between the beam and the window or door frame, which gradually decreases during shrinkage. Insulation is placed into the void of the gap and covered with cash on top. Over time, the beam will lie on the box, tightly pressing the insulation with its weight, and the distance between the window and the beam will disappear.

5.Roof installation

In order for the roof to be reliable and not to be carried away even under the pressure of a strong hurricane, a number of technological conditions must be met during its construction.

First of all, you need to provide a strong frame-rafter system: rafters - edged board 50x150 mm and sheathing - edged board 25x150 mm. The rafters are installed in increments of 0.6 m, the distance between the sheathing is 20-30 cm. These are the optimal technological standards for constructing the roof of a timber house. They are suitable for all types of roofs.

The main types of roofs are gable, broken line(attic) and hip.

The most difficult to manufacture, because The rafters on it are not solid, but with a break. Therefore, to the construction sloping roof must be approached with special care to ensure that it is sufficiently reliable. Only an experienced team of carpenters should be involved in its construction.

Good craftsmen with skills are also needed in the manufacture of other types of roofs, especially if a special roof window is being built.

6.Finishing a house made of timber after shrinkage

Finishing a house made of timber after shrinkage is The final stage in the construction of a house from timber with natural moisture.

After six months, the main shrinkage of the timber frame has already occurred, so you can begin installing windows and doors, interior and exterior decoration: laying finished floors and ceilings, installing stairs, conducting electrical wiring, etc.

It must be borne in mind that imperceptible shrinkage will occur for up to a year, therefore, as in the case of building a turnkey house from timber, the necessary compensation gaps are made above the windows and doors.

So, now you know the stage-by-stage construction of a house made of timber, in what order it occurs. Of course, this description is given in general terms, because for each stage of construction you can write a whole instruction on several sheets, since they all have their own characteristics, each has its own nuances.

But you have already learned the most important things, what you need to pay attention to first.

The most important condition for building quality wooden house- conscientious and skilled craftsmen. These are the people who work at the Chukhlomskaya Usadba company.

Examples of phased construction of a house made of timber for shrinkage with photos and videos:

Construction of a house from timber according to the design for shrinkage:

Construction of a house from 6x9 timber according to a shrinkage design:

Project of a house made of timber with a terrace

Start of construction of a house made of timber for shrinkage according to the "Committee" project

Reading time ≈ 4 minutes

It must be admitted that lately it has become fashion trend relocation from urban to rural areas. Of course, this decision is not easy to make and you need to understand that considerable troubles lie ahead for the displaced. The first thing that comes to mind is to remove a private house or repair the old one, but in this article we will talk about how to build a house from timber with your own hands.

We immediately need to decide on the criteria to which we will gravitate when designing and building a house, namely, relative cheapness, warmth of the room and comfort.

The customer is strongly recommended, regardless of the chosen material and method of construction, to delve into all stages of the construction process on his own, because only then can he achieve a positive result and get what he really wanted.

Advantages of building a house from timber

Of course, it is imperative to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the technology that will be used. First of all, you need to look at photos and videos of how to build a house from timber with your own hands.

With photo report and others auxiliary materials can be found on the corresponding page of the site.

Firstly, it is pleasant to be in a wooden house - this is an important fact. Secondly, the construction of such a house occurs quite quickly. (The box can be built by four people in 4 days).

Thirdly, if you use the technology mentioned in this material, V timber house You can move in immediately after completion of construction. Fourthly, the skill that would be an integral part of construction by other methods is not at all necessary.

It is important to identify the disadvantages. The main disadvantage is that a material such as wood is used, the harvesting of which is carried out using completely unacceptable methods, that is, they violate the environment. Secondly, a house made of timber cannot be abandoned without finishing. Despite the inexpensive construction, you need to be prepared for the fact that you will have to spend an impressive amount of money on finishing, completion, coating the timber with an antiseptic to protect rotting and fungus, etc. In addition, the building will need to be insulated, especially if it is built in areas with cold winters.

Construction technology

Of course, it is best to design a house made of timber with your own hands. One of the first steps is the labor-intensive marking for dowels.

Here it is better to contact a professional who could help with this stage. The technology is such that on each marked beam, dowels are drilled immediately: from above and from below, and this is done strictly according to a tape measure. As a result, if everything is accurately cut and trimmed, the timber easily fits one on top of the other.

It is necessary to determine the sequence of actions. For clarity, we recommend watching a video of building a house from timber with your own hands.

The first thing you need to do is prepare workplace: some skeleton is made, then the beams are moved. Those with a hump are naturally placed on top, etc. That is, it is necessary to mark the beams - which one will go where. Another builder no longer thinks about which side will be the top and which will be the bottom - he already plans, seeing the markings. Next, other types of markings are made: end markings, etc.

For construction country cottages various wall materials, each of which has its own characteristics. Many private developers who want to have environmentally friendly and comfortable housing that does not require large construction costs choose timber. Today you can build a log house using modern, improved materials and technologies, resulting in a beautiful, reliable and durable cottage. What types of houses are made from profiled timber, photos and descriptions of the construction process are in our article.

If you are thinking about how to build a house in the forest, then timber is the best option.

What is timber

This is a building material that is made from wood by hewing. It has a square or rectangular cross-section. Minimum size in cross section - 10 by 10 cm, maximum - 40 by 40. It is quite durable and “warm” natural material, allowing you to build houses on light inexpensive foundations. Timber made of resinous wood saturates the cottage premises with phytoncides (useful bactericidal substances). In addition, it belongs to vapor-permeable materials. Thanks to this, a microclimate favorable for humans is formed inside the house.

The correct geometry of the timber facilitates the process of assembling a log house and allows you to build walls without cracks and gaps. During manufacturing, the timber is processed special compounds, protecting it from moisture, insects and rodents, while making the wood fire resistant. After completing all stages of manufacturing, the material is dried using special equipment, as a result of which it shrinks by about 10%. There is also timber with natural moisture, which dries (settles) under normal conditions for several months.

Professional developers use the following types of timber to build a house:

profiled;

insulated.

Profiled

This wood material With rectangular cross-section, which has recesses designed for the most tight joining of individual bars with each other. The front side of such a beam can be round or flat. The inner side is usually flat. Profiled material eliminates the possibility of cracks in the wall. Thanks to the notches, the construction of the log house is very quick and easy.

Glued

Glued laminated timber is made from individual lamellas, which are pre-dried and then glued together with non-toxic glue. Thanks to the different directions of fibers in the lamellas, the glued material is very durable. It hardly shrinks. Such material can be longer, which increases its versatility in use.

Insulated

This version of the timber is distinguished by the presence of a hole between the front and back sides. This hole is filled with cellulose. The result is a material with improved thermal insulation characteristics.

On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects from construction companies, presented at the exhibition of houses “Low-Rise Country”.

Wood type

Timber for building houses is made from species that are less susceptible to rotting and rodents than others. Mostly it is larch, spruce or pine. The tree with the most attractive characteristics is larch. It is durable, fireproof, and does not rot even in sea water. The resin secreted by larch acts as a natural antiseptic that protects it from insects. The only disadvantage of this type of wood is its high cost.

More economical options spruce and pine are considered. Spruce is looser in structure and has many knots. However, when the right approach High-quality construction timber is made from it. Pine is more practical in all respects. In terms of its characteristics, it is second only to larch.

Which material to choose

Currently, profiled and laminated timber are especially actively used. The choice between these two options is based on their differences. Thus, laminated wood is produced in a wider range of standard sizes. Due to the fact that the lamellas can be “joined” in length, laminated veneer lumber can reach 18 linear meters, while profiled material has a length of up to 6 meters.

The thicker the wall elements, the better than walls it retains heat. However, solid profiled material with a cross-section of more than 200 cm is rarely used, since thick beams are difficult to dry. Glued has fewer restrictions here too. If desired, you can purchase laminated veneer lumber with a cross-section of 275 mm.

In terms of environmental friendliness, profiled material, which is made without the use of glue, is considered more attractive. But in this matter, it should be remembered that responsible manufacturers use adhesives only from the class of safe compounds. In addition, profiled timber also does not remain completely environmentally friendly, since it must be coated with protective substances.

The level of vapor permeability of profiled timber is higher. At the same time, glued material gives minimal shrinkage, has higher strength and is a more fire-resistant type of construction wood. In addition, a house made of laminated veneer lumber can be prepared for moving in immediately after assembly, and a building made of profiled material should last about six months until the shrinkage process is completed. In general, the performance of laminated wood is more acceptable, but profiled wood costs about 30% less, so it is no less in demand.

Recently, insulated (or double) timber has been increasingly used. Houses made from it are warmer and stronger than from glued ones, since it is a structure made of wood, insulation and cross joints. Insulated timber weighs less than glued timber and is cheaper. However, before building a wooden house from this type of timber, you need to think carefully about its disadvantages. The main one is the rapid destruction of insulation, which cannot be replaced.

double timber

Video description

Laminated timber and thermo-timber, differences and cost of a turnkey house made of thermo-timber - see the following video:

Construction stages

The technology for building a house from timber is not particularly different from building a cottage from other building materials. But there are still some nuances.

Project

The engineering basis of a timber house should be a high-quality professional project created by specialists who know how to properly build a house from timber. In architectural development, all characteristics of the material are taken into account, and solutions are used that enhance the advantages of wood buildings.

The timber is ideal for the construction of small and medium-sized houses. But if you wish, you can build a large wooden mansion with complex architecture. In any case, the length of the walls is calculated taking into account the standard length of the timber (6 meters). In order for the designed log house to be built quickly, while leaving a minimum of waste, the length of the walls, a multiple of 2 or 3 meters, is included in the design.

Purchase of materials

Materials are purchased in accordance with the architect's calculations. It is very important to purchase all the necessary timber in a single purchase. This is especially true for profiled wood, where the percentage of moisture content can vary significantly between batches.

Site preparation

Any construction begins with site preparation. At this stage, old buildings are dismantled, trees and shrubs that may interfere with construction are removed, and the ground is leveled.

Foundation

Timber cottages are built on strip foundations. Such a foundation is built in several steps. First, they dig a trench around the perimeter of the future building. Sand and crushed stone are poured onto the bottom. All this is compacted well. Next, wooden formwork is installed and concrete is poured.

Subfloor

The construction of the timber building itself begins with laying the lower crowns and arranging the subfloor. At this stage, it is very important to know how to build a house from timber so that it turns out warm and dry. The first step is to ensure effective waterproofing of the foundation. After this, the first crown is laid from carefully processed beams. Next, the floor is installed.

For the subfloor, logs are first laid - usually with a cross-section of 150 by 100. To increase the reliability of the structure, a support made of wider beams is also laid. Floor boards are laid across the joists. Waterproofing, insulation and vapor barrier are placed on top. After this, the subfloor is laid with 40 mm thick boards.

Box assembly

The walls of the log house are laid out by layering crowns. All crowns are pulled together using dowels. Internal and external wall structures are erected simultaneously. For attaching internal partitions to inside of the front walls, cuts are made through the row, into which the ends of the partition beams are recessed.

Roof

The roof consists of rafter system, battens for fastening roofing and the coating itself. First, the upper crown is tightened by laying solid beams with a section of 100 by 150. Then they are made of boards and installed rafter legs. After this, the pediments are laid out.

To lay the covering, a sheathing is constructed. After this, the roof is insulated and the covering is laid.

Windows and doors

Door and window openings are framed by racks. It is very important to provide a competent system of grooves and technological gaps around the openings so that double-glazed windows and doors do not interfere with the natural shrinkage process. Otherwise, the wooden elements may become deformed and crack.

Video description

Installation plastic windows in a timber house

Insulation

In construction timber houses Often a practice is used in which walls are built from a material with a small thickness, and then an insulation system is installed. You can insulate a house from the outside or from the inside. To make wood last longer, it is better not to cover it with insulation from the outside, but to internal insulation. In this case wooden wall it is insulated with hydro and vapor barrier, then insulation is installed, and another layer of vapor and waterproofing is installed on top. The insulating pie is covered with plasterboard, after which you can decorate the walls with any facing material.

Communications

All communications are connected to the house, according to a previously prepared project. Special attention is paid to safety precautions when laying the electrical network and arranging the heating system.

Video description

Communications in a timber house

Finishing

Timber walls do not need front finishing. The exception is houses with insulation. Usually, after the construction of the insulating pie, the walls are decorated with panels under natural wood so that the facades of the house and its interior walls formed a single harmonious composition.

The floor in the house is covered with any floor covering. Usually the floors in log cottages are quite warm. However, if desired, you can install a “warm floor” system.

The ceiling can be left open or decorated with tension fabric. Other options ceiling decoration undesirable due to shrinkage.

Video description

Let's talk about materials, about the whole cycle production process, pros and cons of technology:

On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of houses made of laminated veneer lumber from construction companies presented at the exhibition of Low-Rise Country houses.

Conclusion

Every year in the Moscow region they are increasingly building houses from timber. Such houses are built quite quickly. But if you yourself don’t know how to properly build a house from timber, then professional builders can complete all stages in a couple of months. The main thing is to take into account the characteristics of the materials and provide everything to ensure that it lasts as long as possible.

For hundreds of years, our ancestors built houses from wood, during which time many new, modern building materials, but people invariably return to natural materials, and wood is rightfully considered the best of them.

Wooden houses:

warm,
reliable,
beautiful,
durable.

But they have another important advantage: a wooden house is quite simple to build. Having 3 people who know how to use carpentry and plumbing tools as assistants, in one season you can build a good wooden house, from profiled or laminated timber, and with your own hands.

Important: You can lay the foundation in advance while it’s warm, and build the house itself when the cold weather sets in.

What is timber

The most popular are two types. Profiled timber is wooden product, square or rectangular section.

The beam can be smooth, geometrically correct in shape. Or profiled, having a certain profile that allows the product to be joined more tightly at the mating points.

Glued laminated timber appeared relatively recently; it can be called a product of new, advanced technologies.

Visually, it looks like a profiled one. But the production technology is more complex. Glued laminated timber consists of several layers of wood, bonded using a special technology. It is stronger, more durable, and easier to work with.

Important: Profiled timber can shrink up to 50 mm per 1 m, depending on the dryness of the timber. Glued laminated timber shrinks, on average, by 10-15 mm.

The thickness of the timber ranges from 90 mm to 275 mm.

The most popular profile cross-sections are:

100 mm by 150 mm.
100 mm by 200 mm.
150 mm by 200 mm.
180 mm by 200 mm.

With a maximum standard length of up to 12m.

Wall length

Wall width

Wall height

Beam section

150x150 mm. 180x180 mm. 200x200 mm.

Beam length

5 m. 6 m. 7 m. 8 m. 9 m. 10 m. 11 m. 12 m.

We are preparing a project

You won’t be able to build from timber without a project.

It is no secret that in the vast expanses of the CIS there are many countries, but the level of bureaucracy is practically the same. We provide a list of the main documents that you will need to prepare.

A foundation drawing is required, along with a detailed description with a full breakdown of the material, composition, depth, etc. As well as detailed data on the soil, composition, quality, groundwater etc.
Next number, the building plan. You prepare it based on the foundation drawing, but also with detailed description.
Afterwards you need a floor-by-floor detailed plan. In it, indicate in detail the partitions, stoves, fireplaces, windows, doors, etc.
Another one indeed important document, screeding. Simply put, this detailed drawing cross-section of the walls of the house. After screeding, you can place an order for the production of timber, they will make it for you and label it like a designer. Next, just look at the numbers and collect.
Specification of every detail of the house.
Detailed drawing of the roof, with a detailed description of all layers.
Final view of the house.

Please note: take seriously the description of the timber itself, what kind of wood, what kind of profile, level of dryness of the timber, etc. This will eliminate any misunderstandings when ordering.

The package of documents is solid, of course, you can resist, although the work is painstaking, you are quite capable of it yourself. But advice, don’t waste your time. Collecting papers may take longer than the construction itself. Trust the professionals, on our website they will be happy to help you and it will cost you much less than doing it yourself.

Laying the foundation

To build houses from timber, a capital, expensive foundation is not required. These buildings are relatively light in weight.

For construction

Shallow strip foundation. This type of foundation is laid in a trench and has maximum depth up to 50 cm.
Mixed or strip-column foundation. This type is similar to the tape type. But in all important nodes, has reinforcement in the form of concrete pillars.
Columnar. This foundation is based on pillars connected by a concrete or metal grillage.
On screw metal piles or piles with screws. Product modern technologies. Corrosion-resistant metal piles are screwed into the ground and connected with a grillage. The foundation is convenient, also because it is easy to repair.
On wooden stilts, V given time It is rarely used because wood, no matter how you treat it, will still deteriorate in the soil.
On concrete piles. The foundation is excellent, but expensive. To drive a concrete pile, you will need special construction equipment.

To build from timber, the first 4 options are enough. The instructions below, with minor amendments, are suitable for the first 3 types of foundation.

Tape

Any foundation begins with markings. For marking we use ordinary wooden pegs and fishing line. At a distance of 30-40 cm from the designed wall, we drive in pegs and stretch the fishing line.
The body of the foundation will be marked not by driven pegs, but by a fishing line.

Important: after stretching the fishing line, you should measure the diagonals. The distance along the diagonals must be strictly the same. Even the slightest discrepancy indicates incorrect angles, and you will end up with an asymmetrical foundation.

We remove the soil to a depth of 50 cm. Consider the thickness of the formwork. Check the bottom of the trench for level.
Next we make 2 pillows up to 10 cm each. Sand, plus crushed stone.
Let's start installing the formwork.
We put in waterproofing, the most budget option is roofing felt or thick, technical polyethylene.
We weld or knit a reinforced metal frame.
We fill it with concrete; it is better to fill it all at once, comprehensively. Order a mixer, pour the foundation in one go and wait for it to harden.
Remove the formwork and add a cushion of crushed stone in its place.

Mixed foundation

It differs from the previous strip one by the presence of reinforcing pillars at the corners of the structure and in the most stressed nodes. Therefore, to the above, we add instructions on how to fill the pillars with your own hands.

We drill a hole under each pillar to a depth of 1 m.
We make a similar layer of sand and crushed stone.
We roll up a pipe from roofing felt in 2-3 layers and secure it with tape.
We insert the pipe into the hole, mount the reinforcement cage, 200 mm higher general level foundation.
Before the main pouring, make the base of the pillar. To do this, pour the solution into the pipe and lift the pipe, allowing the solution to spread. When the solution has hardened a little, begin pouring the entire foundation.

Columnar foundation type

The pillars in this foundation can be made as in the previous version, from concrete. So, lay it out of brick, in the form of a cabinet.

Just lay out the cabinet with a well, insert a reinforcement cage inside and fill it with concrete.

The cabinets themselves are leveled and a grillage is mounted on them.

The grillage can be concrete, then formwork is made on the pillars in the form of a bathtub, waterproofed, reinforcement is installed and concrete is poured. Or it is welded from metal, which is attached to the reinforcement frame of the poles.

Making crowns

The crowns are the first row of timber. To build from timber good house, pay careful attention to the installation of crowns.

The video in this article clearly shows installation with dowels.

Making the floor

At this stage, you should lay the foundation of the floor, a rough version. The final finishing will be done along with the interior finishing.

If you are building a relatively small building, bathhouse or garden house. It will be enough for you to lay an additional belt of timber around the perimeter, fasten it to the crown and mount logs on this belt.

But if the house occupies large area, the approach will be slightly different.

If the square footage is large, separate pedestals should be laid out to support the floor, something similar to a separate foundation for the floor.

Depending on the composition of the soil, we lay the columns to a depth of up to half a meter.
We make them square 40x40 or 50x50. Laying pitch is from 50 to 90 cm.
We lay and compact sand and crushed stone in layers up to approximately 10 cm.
We make a small reinforcement frame, up to 10 cm high, install it and fill it with concrete.
Next, we waterproof this base and lay out the brick cabinet up to the level of the beams.
We put waterproofing again and install the beams.
We attach the logs to the beams with self-tapping screws.
Between the joists, using a corner, we install waterproof plywood.
We waterproof and tape all joints.
We lay insulation on top and cover it with a subfloor.

We build walls

If you did everything correctly before, then building walls from timber with your own hands will not be difficult for you.

The profiled timber already has special grooves, they will facilitate the connection.
Make the corner connection as you like; there are 3 types of corner joints:

Back to back.
Half a tree.
Through the root thorn.

Be sure to lay insulation between the beams.
Check the level of each laid beam and fix it with a dowel.
Leave it near the windows technological gaps for shrinkage.

Important: when you install a load-bearing wall or support columns under the roof in a house, you should not rigidly attach them to the roof at first. Secure with self-tapping screws and that’s enough. When the house starts to settle down and you walk around, you will have to adjust the height of the support. When it sits down, secure it completely.

This video will tell you about the intricacies of building walls.

We begin installation of the roof

The roof is a fairly important stage of construction, but you can install it yourself.

First, knock down a template from light boards. You will install the rafters along it.
Next, we set the beginning and end of the structure according to the template.
Between the installed rafters, at control points, according to the level, we pull the strings from the fishing line.
Guided by the strings, controlling the level and template, we install the remaining rafters.
We stuff the sheathing on top and fasten it underneath with a stapler, overlapping the vapor barrier.
We lay insulation under the vapor barrier, between the rafters, and cover it with another layer of vapor barrier.
Next, we finally fix it with the bottom layer of the sheathing; you can now attach the cladding to it according to your taste and budget.
From the top budget option, is a covering on the top sheathing of roofing material and on top of it sheets of slate.

At all times, wooden houses were considered the warmest and most environmentally friendly. They have high heat and soundproofing properties. If earlier wooden houses were built from logs, then modern ones can be built from ordinary, glued or profiled timber.

A house built from timber has a beautiful and rich appearance, and inside it creates an atmosphere of warmth and comfort. It is very easy to breathe in it, as wood has good air permeability.

The timber differs in manufacturing technology (glulam and solid wood), humidity (dry and natural humidity), and profile. The most popular are profile and laminated timber. They have a rectangular or square cross-section.

The profile beam has a certain profile and resembles a log. Its bottom and top sides are machined so that they fit snugly where they meet. Glued laminated timber has all straight sides.

It must be remembered that during use the wood cracks and shrinks.

Glued laminated timber does not have this drawback, since it consists of pre-processed boards glued together with a special glue. Due to the fact that the beam has a rectangular or square shape in cross-section, it is convenient to lay it. The tongue-and-groove fastening system in profiled timber simplifies installation.

Therefore, even a person who has only a little construction experience can build a house from timber with his own hands. In addition, it is easy to do internal and external finishing, since the geometrically correct shape allows you to obtain smooth surfaces.

Any material can be used for cladding. Thanks to the tight fit of the timber, the formation of cold bridges is eliminated.

Foundation structure

Like any permanent structure, a house made of timber needs a foundation. The foundation is the foundation of the house and the service life of the entire structure depends on its quality.

The most suitable for a wooden house is a strip foundation, especially if it is planned to build a basement or cellar under the house.

It is able to withstand significant loads and does not require special equipment during construction. For silty, wet and loose soils, it is better to build a pile-grillage foundation.

It is different from strip foundation installation of concrete piles in trenches; they can be used as piles asbestos pipes. A solid foundation is possible concrete slab, in this case it acts as a subfloor.

Let's consider phased construction do it yourself the most popular strip foundation. First of all, the marking of the future house is carried out: location external walls and load-bearing internal ones.

To do this, pegs are driven in at the corners and load-bearing walls and the fishing line is stretched. After tensioning the line, you need to measure the diagonals, they should be the same. According to the markings, trenches are dug, the width of which should exceed the thickness of the walls by 10 centimeters.

The depth of the trenches should be below the soil freezing level, but not less than 60 centimeters. At this stage, a pit is dug according to the dimensions of the future basement or cellar pit. The bottom of the trench is covered with a layer of sand and gravel or crushed stone, 10 centimeters each. In order for the sand to be better compacted, it must be moistened. Concrete 5 centimeters thick is poured on top of these layers.

At the next stage, do-it-yourself installation of wooden formwork from 20 mm thick boards is carried out. When installing formwork, spacers are placed inside for strength, and with external parties it is supported by support boards.

The rods are laid along and across the trench, tying the intersections with wire. After reinforcement it is poured concrete mortar. When pouring concrete, to avoid the formation of air bubbles in it, you should use a cement vibrator or compact it manually.

When concrete hardens, it must be constantly moistened so that it does not crack during hardening. According to standards, concrete must harden for at least 28 days. After the foundation has completely hardened, you can begin building the walls.

If you understand that you cannot handle the construction on your own, then you can contact the company and order a house according to your or your project. For example, look at these options for houses made of pine, they are quite well designed, and the company’s experience and quality of materials are not in doubt among the professional community.

Watch our video collection on the topic:

Construction of walls and laying floors

Before you start laying the first crown along the entire perimeter of the base, you need to lay a waterproofing layer over two layers of roofing material. This layer will protect the walls from moisture penetration.

The layers should be laid in the following sequence: a layer of bitumen, a layer of roofing felt, then again a layer of bitumen and a layer of roofing felt. The width of the insulation should exceed the foundation by 30 cm.

Then the construction of the walls begins. Timber is taken for the walls depending on climatic conditions. If frosts do not drop more than 30 degrees, then timber about 150 mm thick is taken. Otherwise, the timber is taken thicker. The main load bears on the bottom trim, so it is advisable to place a backing board made of larch 5 cm thick under the first crown.

It is needed so that in the future, if repairs are required, not everything needs to be changed. lower crown, but only the wedding board.

Boards and all timber should be thoroughly treated with an antiseptic to protect against rotting and harmful insects, as well as flame retardant compounds that protect against combustion.

The first crown is laid halfway across the tree, regardless of how subsequent crowns are laid. There are three corner connection methods:

end to end;
half a tree;
using a root spike.

After the first or second crown, floor logs are laid. If the base allows, then the logs are laid on it; if not, then they crash into the first crown. The rigidity of the structure is ensured by the joists and the finished floor.

Therefore, the thickness of the finished floor depends on the distance between the joists. The smaller the distance between the joists, the thinner the finished floor can be.

For example, with a distance between the joists of 40-70 cm, a floor with a thickness of 25-40 mm is laid. The logs must be laid strictly horizontally. A subfloor made of unedged boards.

A layer of waterproofing, a layer of insulation, a layer of vapor barrier are laid successively on top of the subfloor, and finally the finishing floor is laid.

In the future, each new crown is laid after the previous one is installed. Insulation is laid between the beams: jute, tow or flax. It is better to use tape insulation of a suitable length, which is secured with a stapler.

The gasket eliminates the formation of cold bridges, prevents condensation from collecting and mold from forming. This allows you to extend the life of the house. The crowns are fastened together using vertical pins - dowels. They prevent the beam from twisting and moving.

Pins can be wooden or metal. Metal ones are more reliable, but they are more expensive. Install the dowels in increments of one and a half meters. They usually pass through 2-3 crowns, holes 3-4 cm in diameter are drilled in a checkerboard pattern.

When laying timber, it is necessary to install window and door frames, cutting the timber to the appropriate length. The boxes are attached to the timber with nails.

If there are no boxes, then temporary risers are installed from unedged boards with the dimensions of future window frames. Internal partitions are made only after the construction of the log house and are cut into the main walls.

If under construction two-storey house, the dimensions of which are more than 6x6 meters, then at least one partition must be installed on the first floor, which will act as an additional support for the floor on the second floor.

After the first floor of the house is laid out with your own hands, the second floor is covered and the construction of the log house continues.

The ceiling acts as a subfloor on the second floor. Waterproofing on the second floor is not needed. The insulation layer is made for best warmth and soundproofing of the floor. On construction market offered wide choose floor coverings:

parquet board;
linoleum;
laminate;
tile;
carpeting, etc.

Any covering is suitable for a house made of timber; it is important that it harmonizes with the interior of the room and fits overall design rooms.

Roof installation

After the walls are erected, the construction of the roof begins. Roofs can be single-pitched, gable, broken, cross, hipped and others. The most popular are gable and broken.

Due to their simplicity, they can be easily installed with your own hands. In addition, the design of these roofs allows the construction of an attic.

Roof installation consists of the following steps:

installation of the rafter system;
installation of a waterproofing layer;
installation of a thermal insulation layer;
styling roofing material.

The basis of the roof is the ceiling. It must be durable and reliable. For its device are used ceiling beams. They are laid in increments of at least one meter. When laying beams, you must use a level to achieve common plane and perfect horizontality.

Then, using rafters, the structure of the future roof is mounted. It is rigidly fixed using crossbars, spacers and racks. First, a frame of rafters is installed, which are laid at a distance of one meter from each other. Then the fronts are laid out with timber or boards.

On last stage The rafters are covered with lathing in increments of at least 40 cm. Next, a waterproofing and thermal insulation layer is installed.

When the roof frame is ready and all layers have been laid, you can begin to lay the roof. The main purpose of the roof is to protect the house from precipitation and external mechanical influences, but it must also be in harmony with appearance the whole house.

The most popular types of roofing materials are metal tiles, slate, ondulin and corrugated sheets. Most cheap option roofing - lay roofing material on the sheathing and cover it with slate sheets on top.

Care and finishing work

If you build a house with your own hands from laminated veneer lumber, then immediately after its construction you can begin finishing works. According to the rules, it takes about two years for a wooden house to shrink. During this time, the tree adapts to the climatic conditions where the house is located.

During this period, it is important to ventilate the room all the time to allow it to dry thoroughly and prevent rotting. After shrinkage, all cracks and cracks that appear on the walls must be sealed using a special mastic and constantly covered up as they appear in the future.

After the log house has shrunk, windows and doors are installed and you can begin to decorate it internally and externally. Houses made of profiled timber do not need finishing; they are beautiful in themselves.

In other cases external finishing involves painting or covering the entire facade facing materials. Interior decoration consists of finishing the ceiling and walls.

If finances allow or it is not possible to build a house with your own hands, you can buy a ready-made one. Prices for such houses depend on architectural project and designs.

Their cost ranges from 7 thousand rubles to 20 thousand rubles per square meter. The more complex the project, the more expensive it is, especially if the house is built according to an individual project.

Below is a table of approximate prices for houses made of profiled timber:

House size, meters	Beam 100×150 mm, thousand rubles	Beam 150×150 mm, thousand rubles	Beam 150×200 mm, thousand rubles
5x5	350	390	450
6x4	450	530	590
6x7	530	610	650
6x8	550	630	690
6x9	739	790	850
7x9	865	895	987

Houses made of laminated veneer lumber are about one and a half to two times more expensive. This is explained more sophisticated technology production.

So that the house lasts long years, you need to constantly look after him. Update regularly every 3-4 years protective covering. Monitor the condition of the foundation; it should not be flooded to avoid rotting. With proper care, a house built from timber with your own hands can become a family nest and will last for decades.