What is the best way to glue wood? Wood glue: which one to choose? It is worth highlighting a number of characteristics of the glue

Very often, during various repair work at home or at personal plot You may be faced with the need for high-quality gluing of various wooden elements together. Or with a more complex problem - the need to glue wooden elements with other materials. The eternal question arises - how can this be done, and what glue is best? would be better suited to solve this problem?

Moreover, presented at modern market The variety of adhesive compositions of the most different price categories introduces additional confusion to the buyer - after all, you want to do everything reliably, without overpaying “for the brand.” So, in fact, such a varied assortment only makes it difficult to choose.

So before you go to the building materials store, you need to thoroughly study the main characteristics of various adhesive compositions, decide what exactly you need to glue, clearly limit your financial capabilities in solving this issue and understand what you will need to purchase. Because, you yourself understand perfectly well, any seller is interested in selling you the most expensive product possible - and if you yourself understand what you need, then the likelihood of losing money on overpayment will become much less.

Assortment of different types of glue

Types of glue and main characteristics of the chemical composition

The characteristics that mainly determine for what purpose what kind of glue is used include the following:

The drying period is the time that must pass from the moment the glue applied to the surface of two elements hardens and it can be verified that the parts are firmly connected and will not come apart.
Bonding density is a value determined by the force that must be applied in order to separate two glued surfaces.
Moisture resistance is determined by the humidity level at which the glue begins to lose its properties.

In the vast majority of cases, when working with wood, the following types of glue are used:

BF glue;
epoxy adhesive;
casein glue;
hot melt adhesive for wood (resistant to elevated temperatures);
polyurethane wood glue;
polyvinyl acetate glue (PVA);
syndeticone glue;
glue “Moment” (a variety intended for wood);

One of the most reliable compounds, but at the same time very toxic. Even its fumes, which occur when heated, are poisonous.

The main criteria according to which the adhesive composition is evaluated

Two things are of greatest importance when choosing an adhesive: it chemical composition and quality (which in turn is determined by the three characteristics mentioned above). Great importance also depends on the nature of the work being carried out. Agree, it’s one thing to glue furniture that will be indoors all the time; doing it is a completely different matter. facade works or gluing any elements that are constantly located on the street. In the second option, it is clear that much more stable glue will be needed.

Requires high strength adhesive that is resistant to high humidity and the action of light, and in addition - immunity to various unfavorable factors of biological origin.
What is also interesting is that it is necessary to take into account not only the nature of the work being performed and the location where it is carried out, but also what types of wood will need to be glued together. This is due to the fact that when choosing an adhesive composition, the moment that matters is whether elements consisting of the same type of wood or different ones will be glued together.

In this way, PVA glue is applied to the prepared adhesive surface. It is the application in a thin strip that allows you to connect even the most small parts. However, in this way it will be possible to glue only wood to wood

That is, the main goal for any adhesive composition is to form an inextricable connection between parts. Chemical basis Any glue is a binder or adhesive component, and in addition - a solvent or storage agent. In the event that technological process provides instant hardening, it will be necessary to include a special crystalloid hardener in the adhesive composition. And if it is necessary for the glue to maintain its properties for a certain amount of time, a stabilizer is needed. There are some types of adhesives that contain plasticizers - thanks to this, the adhesive composition becomes resistant to low temperatures and high humidity. In principle, on each package of glue its composition is indicated and you can find suitable composition, clearly understanding what you need and what each component provides will not be difficult.

IN in this case The turner violates safety rules - he plans to work with a highly toxic compound and doesn’t even bother to put on gloves. This may cause burns or allergic dermatitis

Below are the characteristics physical and chemical composition the most commonly used adhesive mixtures.

PVA (polyvinyl acetate glue)

This container is remembered by everyone who has ever worked with wood - PVA has been used for more than 100 years and does not lose its relevance

Ideal for securely gluing parts made of all types of wood. It is completely non-toxic and harmless to health. It can be applied to the surface to be bonded, regardless of its configuration; in addition, this composition is characterized by a long storage period and is designed for a maximum load of up to 60 kg per 1 cm².

Technical characteristics of PVA glue: in the vast majority of cases it is used for gluing furniture and various parts made of any type of wood. The only drawback This glue is that it has a low moisture resistance. That is, it cannot be used to glue wooden surfaces that are located on the street. In addition, the use of PVA is not recommended if it is necessary to glue wood with any other materials.

Preparation of the adhesive surface - in this case, the surface of glass and wood will be bonded using special glue BF-2

Glue from the BF series specially designed for wood

This composition, unlike PVA glue, allows you to reliably connect not only wood elements together various breeds, but also to glue wood with other materials - glass, plastic. To connect wood and metal, you must use BF glue of the BF-4 and BF-2 series. It should be noted that BF-2, which has good resistance to high humidity and temperature, is best used for interior work, and BF-4 - for external ones.

In order to be able to glue this part, it will still need to be processed with a special abrasive tool

However, in order to achieve a truly reliable connection when using this glue, you must adhere to a certain method of using it.

The glue is applied in several layers:

the first layer (otherwise called the primer) must be allowed to dry for one hour at room temperature or 15 minutes – in special thermal ovens;
and the second (final) layer applied to the already dried first layer will only take a few minutes to harden.

After that, the elements to be glued are connected to each other, allowing the glue to dry and harden completely. The wood gluing performed in this case can withstand high loads– it will be like a fusion.

In this case, the glue was chosen incorrectly - excessive pressure was applied to the joint, and the glued surface simply could not stand it

Thermostatic glue for wood of various species - a reliable and expensive option for gluing wood

As is clear from the name itself, the use of this glue is indicated in cases where it is necessary to carry out work in conditions elevated temperature air. Its application is carried out only with the help of special “guns”, which ensure the release of a thin stream of glue.

Another important advantage of this technique is the ability to glue even the smallest wooden products. This adhesive composition hardens in just a few seconds. Gluing wood using this composition is one of the most reliable.

In this case, we have to glue wooden parts and every mm of this part is important. So the processing is done on a lathe

General rules that must be followed when gluing together both wooden elements and wood with other materials

Regardless of what type of adhesive composition is used, these rules will be the same in all cases and following them guarantees high-quality, reliable connection surfaces:

Pay attention to this craft - in this case, the round parts were connected using heat-resistant glue. It's very difficult to do this because small area contact of surfaces

Glue that is suitable for both joining wooden surfaces, and for connecting glass and wood. Moisture resistant, used for outdoor

But this is special assembly adhesive. It is suitable not only for gluing wood and glass, but also stone, iron and organic glass. Hardens very quickly, is not susceptible to moisture, and is resistant to high temperatures.

Conclusion

With the correct choice of glue and compliance with all the requirements for carrying out this work, it becomes possible to obtain strength indicators at the gluing site higher than the wood itself. In principle, this can be done even using the simplest PVA.

So there is no point in purchasing any special compounds - any surfaces can be reliably connected using the same simple glue, which is always on sale at affordable price. You just need to understand what exactly needs to be glued and observe safety measures during work aimed at connecting surfaces using an adhesive composition.

They are used to not only connect two surfaces, but also various types keyed connections. Working with wood itself is simplified if you have glue at your disposal and you can firmly connect the elements. Today's varieties of glue are durable, high quality and relatively inexpensive. In this article I will tell you what you need to know before making an informed choice. the best option for your works.

Wood glue- the king of all fastening materials. The white glue is synthetic and sold under the name PVA (short for polyvinyl acetate). Yellow glue or Brown– usually called aliphatic latex. These types of adhesives are easy to apply and tend to be very strong. In any case, wood glue will be useful to you in classic wood-to-wood joints or when repairing furniture elements. It is relatively inexpensive, easy to use, washable with water, non-toxic, odorless and can be used everywhere.

All this, of course, is good, but wood glue is afraid of moisture, so to speak - this is its “ Achilles' heel" Manufacturers like to call their products “water resistant”, but don’t follow their lead. This just means that the product will not disintegrate if water gets into its composition. If you are assembling exterior elements, you will need something more suitable, as a period of rainy weather will turn PVA or aliphatic latex into an unsteady mush. Three best type Weather resistant glues include epoxy glue, polyurethane glue and, my personal favorite, waterproof PVA. As a matter of fact, most varieties of these adhesives are not able to remain under water level for a long time, but their main advantage is the ability to maintain their strength properties in rainy weather.

Epoxy adhesive Available in several versions, the setting time of which ranges from 5 minutes to 24 hours. The glue is very strong and completely waterproof. On the other hand, it is relatively expensive and heterogeneous. You need to rub the components to be glued together so that the connection becomes strong in the future. Despite these drawbacks, I always keep a tube of five-minute epoxy glue on hand. It may be useful to you for quick repair wooden products and other non-porous surfaces.

You may meet polyurethane glue everywhere. Polyurethane is a one-component adhesive similar to thick maple syrup. Polyurethane adhesive appeared about 10 years ago, and is popular for three reasons. Polyurethane is used when gluing wood and any other non-porous material, such as metal, plastic or glass. It also foams when dry, filling local unevenness in the joined surfaces. The adhesion force decreases with increasing distance between the elements, but with small gaps the connection is still quite strong. The ability of polyurethane glue to fill microscopic cavities is used when gluing painted surfaces.

Waterproof PVA- another type of glue. It is easily washed off with water until it dries, but, unfortunately, this possibility is irreversible. When the glue dries, it becomes almost insoluble in water. Currently, this type of glue is the cheapest and most widely used when working with wood. It is advisable to use Type-2 and Type-3 of this glue.

Why does someone use ordinary PVA if waterproof is much better? There are two reasons - storage time and price. The chemical components that make PVA waterproof cause the glue to quickly deteriorate during storage.

There are at least 40 types of glue in the world. Luckily, you'll only need to select a few to get your elements to stick together over time.

Back row, left to right.

Type-2 and Type-3 adhesives are ideal for working on exterior elements. This is the most latest lineup waterproof adhesive created specifically for wood.

Wood glue has been used everywhere for decades because it is very strong, easy to use and washes off easily with water.

Thick, cavity-filling adhesive – the best choice for interior elements.

Front row, left to right.

Polyurethane is a one-part, water-resistant adhesive that can bond painted elements like no other adhesive.

Five-minute epoxy glue is something you should always keep on hand if you suddenly need to glue two heterogeneous surfaces.

IN Everyday life situations often arise related to various works with wooden surfaces and wood products different breeds. To repair or make something yourself, it is not always appropriate to use nails or screws, so the question of choice arises effective remedy, which can be used for fastening. Most often the choice is in favor of glue, but not all adhesive compositions recommended for working with wood.

Peculiarities

Wood glue is used everywhere, but the specifics of gluing such material are somewhat different from joining surfaces made of rubber or plastic. The technology for performing this work does not involve drying or pressing the elements against each other. The tree needs a different approach, which depends on the individual characteristics of each individual species. Today, the range of adhesive compositions is presented on the market with a wide variety of products.

But in this diversity, it’s easy to get confused and not figure out which products will be optimal for a given situation.

To do right choice composition that will provide the most durable connection, the following factors must be taken into account:

characteristics of the material - degree of adhesion, resin content;
the characteristics of each material that will be attached - wood with plastic or wood with wood;
level of load on the adhesive seam;
conditions for further use of the product.

You should also take into account the features of the adhesive composition, among which are:

gluing density level;
moisture resistance of products;
time required for complete drying;
multifunctionality of glue;
adhesive strength;
product toxicity indicators.

Kinds

Products for gluing wood have different compositions and areas of application. Most materials are positioned as universal products, for which fastening wooden elements is only one of the areas of use. Other products are produced as single-purpose formulations, so they are not intended for contact with other types of materials.

There are several different compositions.

PVA glue sometimes called dispersive adhesive.

The main characteristics of such products are:

lack of toxicity, so the composition can be used indoors without additional measures security;
quick adhesion to the surface;
unlimited service life of the product;
Can be used on any surface.

The disadvantage of this glue is the method of diluting it, which is based on adding water, which negatively affects the reliability of fixation in rooms with high level humidity. To ensure high-quality gluing of elements, it is recommended to add wood dust to this glue.

Epoxy adhesive is a two-component composition, the use of which requires mixing substances in a given ratio. The product provides strong fixation and is universal in terms of application. Epoxy compounds are waterproof, resistant to aggressive substances and fuels and lubricants. The time for complete hardening depends on the thickness of the applied layer. The disadvantages of the material include the need to provide protection skin and overspending, since calculate exactly how much is needed ready solution for surface treatment, impossible.

BF- a type of glue that includes several options for the product. For wood materials, series 2 and 4 are recommended. This composition has the feature of very fast hardening. On average, this requires 50-60 minutes, but provided that the humidity and temperature are within normal limits.

The compositions must be applied in two layers with short intervals. The fourth series of glue is frost-resistant products. The disadvantage of BF is the need for mandatory preliminary cleaning of the wooden surface with degreasing.

Heat-resistant adhesives, produced in the form of rods. To work with such products you will need a special gun. The scope of application of the products mainly concerns fastening small parts or sealing defects in a wooden surface.
Wood adhesives. To work, the products need to be prepared. Wood glue is based on organic protein, which is the main adhesive substance. It is necessary to connect different wood materials: hardboard, paper, cardboard, wooden products. The natural composition ensures safety of use.

The origin of the main component of carpentry compositions is different.

Products are classified based on the type of raw materials.

Mezdrovy. The main component in such products is a substance that is formed during the processing of animal skin. The material can be produced in the form of flakes, tiles or powder.
Bone. The raw materials for it are the bone remains of animals. The products have an average price. It is better to use a transparent composition instead of unrefined mixtures with impurities.

Casein. Widely used in aircraft modeling and shipbuilding. It is neutral to dampness and forms a strong connection. To prepare the composition, you must strictly observe the proportions and time interval.
Fishy. It is prepared from the remains of fins and scales. The composition is considered a professional product intended for gluing surfaces with varying degrees of hardness. The glue has a fairly high cost, so it is positioned as furniture glue and is used for repair or restoration of expensive furniture.
Moisture-resistant solution. You can prepare it yourself using slaked lime and cottage cheese, which has recently curdled.

There is a certain technology for making wood glue. To do this, the dry mass is poured with water and left for 6-12 hours so that the composition completely absorbs moisture. Then the remaining water is drained, and the mixture is heated in a water bath until the substance is completely dissolved. The cooking process requires periodic stirring. It is important to control the process so that the mixture does not boil. The glue is applied strictly in the direction of the wood fibers, then the elements are pressed against each other and fixed. The main disadvantage of the product is the reduction in gluing efficiency in the case of wood moisture content exceeding 10%.

Syndeticone glue. It is prepared from wood glue with the addition of lime and powdered sugar. The product is distinguished by a high level of strength of the connection of elements. The adhesive is waterproof and resistant to chemicals. The disadvantage of the product is considered quite long process preparation, since the mixture for the solution must be kept in water for 24 hours.
Glue paste. It is prepared on the basis carpentry staff, wood ash and chalk. The material performs well when priming and puttying wood.
Polyurethane products. It is the most expensive among the above range. The material has a number positive features. The area where the composition is applied perfectly withstands high dynamic loads.

This material is ideal for repairing furniture, such as chair legs that become loose over time. The composition is also highly resistant to various temperatures, moisture and solar radiation. Wooden structures that are used in extreme conditions, it is better to glue with just such a composition.

Scope of application

One- and two-component PVA adhesives are used for gluing indoor surfaces. And two-component products with a hardener can easily be purchased for working with boards located outside the premises - stairs, garden furniture, window or door structures. Polyurethane liquid adhesives perfectly glue wood to wood, as well as ceramic tiles, plywood, metal and plastic. Products are considered ideal option for oily wood species. The alloy adhesive creates connections without fixing with a clamp and ensures the connection of parts with small gaps.

The contact composition forms an elastic seam that is resistant to mechanical stress. The glue ensures reliable fixation of textiles during production upholstered furniture and gluing large plastic parts on wood.

Superglue is most often used at home because it is a quick-drying compound. However, in addition to this, it is widely used for wood. It is indispensable for fastening wooden elements small size and intermediate fixation of parts. The composition is recommended for sealing cracks on wooden surfaces, and can also be used to repair cutting kitchen board with your own hands.

Bone glue is an ideal product for working with antique furniture.

How to use?

Each type of wood glue requires compliance with individual rules, which affect the scope of application.

TO general methods worth mentioning:

the need to clean working surfaces before applying the composition;
carrying out test assembly without using glue.

Because parts that cannot be pressed together when applying slight pressure cannot be glued. The already connected parts using the composition must be fixed with clamps until the material dries completely. On average, the product hardens within a day. Glue, as a tool for fixing wooden elements together, is ancient and very effective option, which has greatly enhanced its properties thanks to the latest technological developments. Any product contains detailed instructions about application on packaging.

Manufacturers

Wood glue on the market is represented by a wide variety of well-known brands. The leaders in this segment are Moment, Titebonde and Titan.

Titebond produced by the company Franklin International. The product is recommended for plywood furniture, wooden floor surfaces, and other types of wood work. The composition does not include solvents, and the main components are natural and synthetic polymers. This feature ensures good adhesion of surfaces to each other.

There is a series of compositions Titebond II Premium, which is in great demand for work on the production of doors and windows. The composition has a high level of moisture resistance, so it performs well when used outdoors. Quite often, decoration is performed using this method. wooden facade various elements.

Company Henkel popular for its products "Super PVA D3 Moment". It is used in industrial purposes, as well as in everyday life for gluing cardboard, paper or plywood. Waterproof PVA glue acts as an additive in concrete solutions, due to which the plasticity of the finished mass increases. D4 compositions indicate a high class regarding the water resistance of the product. Such products are positioned as special-purpose products, and therefore have a high price.

"Moment Joiner"– the best Russian glue, which is an aqueous dispersion that perfectly glues any type of wood, as well as Construction Materials. Professional carpenters note its quick drying, accessibility and durability.

Specialists who work with wood know well that they cannot do without a high-quality adhesive composition, either in the manufacture of furniture or in minor repair work.

Can be used like good old recipes wood adhesives, and purchase modern mixtures that act quickly and efficiently and are actively used in production.

The choice of glue depends on the task at hand. Some options will help connect the parts together, others will fix wooden product, others are suitable for treating joints and protecting from moisture.

Modern adhesive mixtures They are characterized by heat and moisture resistance, rapid hardening, durability and joint strength.

Types of wood adhesives - how to glue them

Let's look at the most popular types of wood glue.

Wood glue. It is traditionally made from animal bones and skins. The adhesive properties are imparted by the protein included in its composition. Until relatively recently, wood glue was actively used in the furniture industry and woodworking. Today it is rarely used, except for manual veneering. It is sold in the form of granules or grains, which need to be dissolved in water using a special glue maker. You can also buy jelly-like glue that is liquefied directly in a glue maker or in a container placed in hot water.
Animal based formulas safe, non-toxic, produce a hard adhesive joint that can be sanded and re-softened. Worthy of attention and moisture-resistant wood glue casein It holds wood, paper, leather, and various fabrics well. Casein powder is mixed with water until the consistency of liquid sour cream is obtained. It is then applied to the parts and left for five minutes. Next, the parts are tightly compressed. It may leave marks, so you need to use it carefully.
Hot melt adhesive. To use hot-melt glue, presented in the form of cylindrical sticks, you need a hot-melt gun. The composition is convenient, hardens quickly, therefore it is actively used for making templates and models. Adhesives are also available in stores in the form of thin sheets. They are placed between the base and the veneer and heated with an iron.
PVA wood glue. PVA is an accessible, inexpensive and convenient option. The PVA water emulsion hardens due to the evaporation of moisture or its absorption by the tree. The non-toxic composition is perfect for performing simple repair work at home. The shelf life is almost unlimited if stored at room temperature. Semi-plastic PVA has a tendency to “creep”, but this property usually manifests itself under increased load. Standard PVA is not resistant to moisture, but manufacturers offer waterproof solutions for outdoor work. Yellow, with a thick PVA consistency, is more resistant to moisture and heat than white and is easy to sand.
Urea-formaldehyde glue. It is considered a waterproof composition that fills cavities well and hardens quickly. Available in powder form, which must be mixed with water and then applied to both surfaces. Some adhesives are made and supplied with a hardener, which is applied to one part, and a mixture of powder and water to the second. The connected parts are additionally fixed for setting with a clamp. When working, be sure to use safety glasses and gloves to ensure access to fresh air.
Resorcinol glue. This option is resistant to various weather conditions, such as sun and moisture. It is two-component, consisting of a hardener and resorcinol-formaldehyde resin. Some types of the mixture are sold immediately in liquid form, or one of the components has a powder composition. After hardening, the glue gives a brown seam, which will be noticeable when working with light wood. For faster hardening, a temperature of at least 15C is required.

Wood gluing technology - blanks and parts

VIDEO ON THE TOPIC

In general, the gluing order is as follows:

surface preparation,
applying the adhesive mixture,
exposure before pressing,
pressing and holding under pressure,
exposure after gluing.

Surface preparation

To successfully glue wood, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the surfaces, degrease them, and make them smooth and even. The presence of roughness will not help to obtain a better quality seam, so they try to get rid of them.

Glue application technology

Usually the mixture is applied in an even thin layer to both parts. Two-component options are applied differently - a hardener is applied to one part, a resin is applied to the second, and then the parts are connected so that the reaction begins.
Most often, it is impossible to do without clamping parts, for example, using clamps. As a result of close contact, excess glue is squeezed out, and before it hardens, they can be carefully removed with a damp cloth.
If used contact glue, the parts seize immediately after joining. Some types allow you to adjust the position of the parts for some time before setting.
Also depending on the technology and method of fastening wooden parts They are divided into two groups - cold and hot gluing.

Cold gluing of wood

This method gluing does not involve heating the mixture. To work you will need:

glue,
clamp,
vaims,
special clamps.

Vayms are cold pressing equipment, indispensable in gluing parts made of timber, frames, and panels. Cold gluing involves the use of PVAD-based compounds. Due to water based The glue quickly absorbs into the wood and gives a reliable connection. It hardens on average in 15-25 minutes, then requires exposure under pressure for an hour.

VIDEO

Hot wood gluing

This technique is convenient for gluing thin sheets; it involves heating the glue using electricity or steam. Once heated, it hardens in 30-40 seconds.

Presses for gluing wood are divided into:

inclined, horizontal, vertical depending on the location of the shield,
electromechanical, manual, hydraulic, pneumatic depending on the type of drive,
positional and pass-through type based on the operating mode,
steam, electric, HDTV, water depending on the type of heating.

Glue is applied to the parts in advance, then placed in hot-gluing presses. Pressing takes up to 5 minutes, and complete hardening of the glue occurs outside the pressing equipment.

Thus, for high-quality and reliable joining wood parts with glue Today you can use both inexpensive PVA, which are suitable for use at home, and professional types from famous manufacturers. The latter provide a strong and durable connection of parts in industrial scale, facilitate the work of craftsmen in the manufacture of furniture and other wooden structures.

Making furniture with your own hands is becoming increasingly popular both due to the high cost of finished products and due to the large number of raw materials that have become freely available. At home, with a minimum set of appropriate tools, it is possible to assemble viable furniture that will serve well and delight you with its appearance. One of the most popular joining methods is gluing, which makes it possible to obtain durable, monolithic parts. Bonding can be used as an independent fastener or as a backup when used external elements, such as dowels, dowels or screws.

DIY laminated wood

Before gluing, the parts are processed; this is done not only to clean the surface, but also to open the wood pores. When applied, the adhesive composition penetrates through the pores into the wood structure, into the intercellular space, and when hardened, it forms many thin threads (webs) that reliably “stitch” the workpieces together. The strength of a correctly executed seam exceeds the strength of the wood itself; when testing for fracture, the part breaks not at the gluing site, but along the whole wood.

Gluing wood allows you to obtain products with better parameters than solid ones. During the gluing process, elements that are suitable in texture and shade are selected, damaged, cracked and knotty areas are rejected. As a result, the glued parts have greater strength than ordinary ones, and by gluing the finest veneer to the front surfaces, the products are given the appearance the most valuable breeds. Wood glued according to all the rules is much less likely to warp, crack and dry out than solid wood.

How to glue wood. Technology

There are several ways to connect parts when gluing.

Gluing wood into a smooth fugue - joining smooth parts without increasing the penetration area.

Microthorn gluing – increasing the penetration area by 2.5 – 5 mm by creating a toothed relief on the part (using a milling cutter).

Gluing onto a serrated tenon – increasing the penetration area by 10 mm by creating a serrated tenon.

Tongue and tongue gluing (tongue and groove, dovetail, oblique tenon) - additional adhesion due to the groove connection.

Although in certain situations where it is expected special conditions applications, grooved and tenon joints, in most cases, the parts are glued together into a smooth fugue. Modern adhesives penetrate deep into the structure and create a strong joint without additional wood removal.

How to glue boards together. Options

The wood to be glued must have a moisture content in the range of 8–12%, maximum 18%. If there is a need to glue wet parts, use special composition, as it hardens, it draws moisture out of the wood. When gluing blanks with different humidity levels, a difference of more than 2% is not allowed in order to avoid internal stress in the adhesive seam due to deformation of the wetter part. The temperature of the workpieces being glued varies between 15 - 20⁰С, so work is carried out in warm rooms (18 - 22⁰С). In the cold, most compounds crystallize, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of gluing and complicates the process.

Final preparation of wood (planing, jointing, sanding) is carried out immediately before gluing in order to increase the permeability of the glue and avoid warping. It is important not only to select parts according to dimensions, structure and external data, but also to arrange them correctly.

When gluing along the length, planks of only one type of sawing are used - tangential or radial;
When gluing both along the length and width, alternation is not allowed different parts wood - the core is stacked with the core, sapwood (young, outer part) with sapwood;
The annual rings of adjacent blanks made from boards or bars should be directed towards different sides or at an angle to each other from 15⁰.

The standard thickness of furniture panels is 2 cm, but to glue wooden boards at home, when choosing boards for a board, the expected waste during processing is taken into account, so the workpiece is selected with a thickness of up to 2.5 cm. The excess will be removed during the initial processing, when eliminating defects, and after gluing, when sanding the board. If you dissolve for furniture board board 5 cm thick, you get two blanks with the same texture and shade, which increases the decorativeness of the product. For panels, boards of wood of the same species, up to 120 mm wide, are selected, so that it is possible to properly process the edges of the panel; the length of the blanks must have a margin (2 - 5 cm).

Adhesives

The adhesives used to make laminated wood are divided into two main groups.

Synthetic - obtained on the basis of resins or polyvinyl acetate dispersions (PVA). They are characterized by increased strength of the resulting connection, moisture resistance, and biostability. Disadvantages include the presence of harmful substances that can be released in environment during operation and further operation. Compositions based on phenol-formaldehyde resins are “famous” for this. Modern PVA dispersions and their derivatives are non-toxic and are usually used in household sphere and are considered universal for wood. The bulk of synthetic mixtures are ready for use. Epoxy glue needs finishing; to work with it, the hardener included in the kit is mixed with epoxy resin.

Natural mixtures - animal, plant, mineral. They are safe, provide a strong connection, but are produced in the form of semi-finished products that are prepared before use. How to glue wood with them: when preparing, you must strictly follow the instructions and observe the dosages, otherwise the quality of the glue will not allow you to obtain a strong connection. To prepare the glue, you usually need to dilute the powder concentrate with water to the desired consistency (it may require a certain period of swelling) or melt the solid particles. Direct exposure to fire is not allowed; a “water bath” is used, in which the mass with the addition of water, after swelling, melts to a homogeneous consistency.

How to glue wood

When gluing wooden surfaces, glue is applied to both parts in an even layer. The thickness of the layer depends on the type of glue, its consistency and the type of surfaces being glued - the thinner the wood, the thinner layer. The glue should wet the part, but not excessively; when connecting the elements, an even bead should emerge outward. Glue drips are removed from the surface as soon as they set a little, using a scraper or spatula. Cured excess glue greatly spoils appearance parts and complicates their further processing.

How to glue a piece of wood.

After applying the glue, the parts are kept for a certain period of time, this allows the composition to penetrate deeper, at the same time excess moisture evaporates, and the concentration of adhesives increases. During exposure, the seam should not be exposed to wind or become dusty. Some types of natural glue (bone, flesh) must be applied hot, instantly fastening the parts without soaking, since as the composition cools, the composition loses its properties.

Wood gluing tool

To obtain the most durable connection, when gluing, the wood is pressed - subjected to compression using special presses. At home, improvised tools and means are used for these purposes - vices, clamps, cam devices, frames made of metal corner with clamping mechanisms. The pressure when pressing wood is maintained in the range from 0.2 to 1.2 MPa. In production, large values are possible; at home, such indicators are enough for the structural parts to stick together.

Do-it-yourself laminated wood.

If the gluing technology is followed, the adhesive seam is strong and reliable, and, unlike the method of joining parts with metal fasteners, it does not spoil the appearance.

For those who like to create household items on their own, a topic is open on FORUMHOUSE. You can find out how to organize a convenient corner for working with wood in the article. The video about wooden elements in a country house shows interesting products made by users of the portal.