A fairy tale about a soft sign
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Once upon a time in the alphabet garden there lived a very strange letter - a letter that once lost its sound. And the name of this letter was - Soft Sign was very friendly with many letters, so he decided that he could take a place after the hissing ones. L approached the feminine nouns and politely said: |
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“My night, thing and face, My daughter, stove, brooch, My dear, beautiful ones, Do you need my help, Beloved! |
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Kind feminine nouns with letters touched H(che), SCH(share), AND(same), Sh(sha) at the end of the word and agreed to be friends with Soft Sign . |
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Explain why you need to write a soft sign (b) in these words?
Pay attention to what kind of nouns these are. These nouns are feminine. So we will write a soft sign (b).
But the fairy tale did not end there. Read (listen) further.
B was delighted. He ran to masculine nouns, which also end in hissing sounds, and shouted:
But masculine nouns did not want to lose their strength and strength of character. They told b:
“Please, do you hear, never, ever bother us!”
Name the words with a sibilant at the end. Is a soft sign (b) needed here?
Explain why the soft sign (b) is not needed when writing these words.
(f.r.) for writingPlay carcass(m.r.)
Determine whether it is necessary to write a soft sign at the end of the following nouns:
trembling(?)
brooch(?)
rich(?)
knife(?)
youth(?)
Look and remember!
Read the writing instructions carefully soft sign (b) in nouns with a sibilant at the end.
Determine which word is the odd one out in each line.
Check if you identified the extra words correctly. Check yourself .
Read the proverbs. Explain their meaning. Explain the spelling of nouns with a sibilant at the end.
A lie does not make a person beautiful.
A smart friend is half the road.
Every thing is good in its place.
To lead a speech is not to weave bast shoes.
Replace (orally) the phrases with one word with a sibilant at the end. Say this word and explain whether you need to put a soft sign at the end of this word.
Football competition.
A person who treats the sick.
Small money.
Part of the day from evening to morning.
Young people.
Waterproof, lightweight clothing against rain.
Black bird, the herald of the coming spring.
The item that Emelya rode.
Close friend, friend.
Explain to the teacher (maybe in the video room) or to an adult.
Check if you completed the task correctly. Check yourself .
Read the poem.
Learn this poem by heart. Tell it to an adult or teacher (maybe in the video room).
Read the proverb. Explain to adults or a teacher (maybe in the video room) why the word “lie” is written with a soft sign.
The fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it, a lesson for good fellows.
Look carefully at the poster.
Repeat when you need to write b in nouns with a sibilant at the end.
After the hissing ones. We will set out for you the rules that say when you should not do this and when it is strictly necessary to do it.
These rules are based on what part of speech we are talking about, in what declension and in what part of the word.
Soft sign after hissing ones - setting rule
We put a soft sign:
- The soft sign after sibilants must be written in feminine nouns if they are singular in the nominative and
Example words: night, gap, daughter, lie, thing, baldness.
Example in a sentence: The queen gave birth that night to either a son or a daughter.
2. In verbs of the second person in the singular, subject to the present or future tense on endings after sibilants.
Example in a word: you will, you will become, you will cook, you will remember, you will believe, you will do.
Examples in sentences: If you know, if you believe, then you will be with me and will not soon stop loving me.
- xia, the soft sign is preserved. Example: you return, you strain, you intend.
3. In singular verbs, in endings after sibilants.
Example in a word: Cut! Eat it! Hide it!
Addition: If you add an ending to these verbs - xia, the soft sign is preserved. Hide! Don't be foolish!
Examples in sentences: Vadik, don’t fool around and hide!
4. In verbs that are in the imperative mood before endings - those, - those.
Example: smear - smear - smear.
Example in a sentence: Children! Do not Cry!
5. In verbs of the indefinite person, including before the ending -xia.
Example words: oven - bake, lie down - lie down.
Example in a sentence: These rivers take a long time to flow.
6. In adverbs it is necessary to enter a soft sign after the hissing ones at the end of the word.
Example: All at once, at a gallop, backhand, wide open.
Example in a sentence: He let his horse gallop, and backhanded the air with his sword.
Exceptions: I can’t bear to get married.
7. In particles with hissing endings: I mean, you see, you see, only.
Example words: I mean, just.
In a sentence: What a hooligan!
Why is it sometimes that a soft sign is not written after a hissing character?
No need to write:
- In nominative case nouns.
Example: rook, kalach, stag, bream, knife.
Offer: A swift flew up to our window.
2. In nouns that are in the plural and genitive case.
Example: clouds, steep, shoulders, Grisha, between, puddles.
Example sentences: Unfortunately, no pears were served for breakfast today.
3. In short form.
Example: powerful, hot, good, volatile, melodious, handsome.
Offer: He was both good-hearted and handsome...
4. In pronouns with a sibilant at the end.
Examples: yours, ours.
Considering the above, the spelling of a soft sign after a sibilant differs depending on many factors - part of speech, declension, number, as well as the presence of exceptions to the rules.
Primary school teachers give their students rhyming versions of the rules - for easier memorization.
Rules in verse!
Nouns "many"
Nouns "my" -
We are not putting up any sign!
In verbs and adverbs
The sign is always written
And in short adjectives
We never write!
The purpose of the lesson: study the spelling “b after hissing feminine nouns at the end.”
Lesson objectives:
- educational:
- introduce the new spelling “Spelling a soft sign at the end of nouns after sibilants;
- developing:
- developing the ability to analyze; instill independent work skills;
- development of attention and visual memory of students;
- educating:
- cultivate a culture of communication, the ability to work individually and collectively; instill a love for the Russian language.
Lesson type: explanation of new material
Teaching methods: search, verbal, practical
Technologies used: problem-based learning, information and communication technologies, developmental learning.
TCO: projector, screen, computer.
Equipment:
- cards with tasks for research work;
- presentation 24 slides (POWER POINT environment);
- Russian language textbook for grade 3 (authors L.M. Zelenina, T.E. Khokhlova, “Prosveshchenie” publishing house, 2007, educational complex “School of Russia”);
- algorithm for working “Nouns with sibilants at the end”;
- forms for testing knowledge.
During the classes
I.
Organizing time.
Slide number 1.
Checking students' readiness for the lesson. On the students’ desks: a textbook, a notebook, a diary, a pencil case, and additional material that the teacher distributed for work.
- Write down today's date and the name of the work in your notebooks.
II. Calligraphy.
On the desk:
w w w w
- What sounds do the letters represent? w, w, h, sch?([zh] - consonant, hard unpaired, voiced paired sound, [w] - consonant hard unpaired, voiceless paired sound, [h"] - consonant soft unpaired, voiceless unpaired sound, [ш"] - consonant soft unpaired, voiceless unpaired sound).
- What is the soft sign used for? (b – indicator of softness of consonants; b – dividing).
- Write the letters correctly in calligraphy.
III. Formulation of the problem.
Creating a situation leading to the formulation of a learning task
On slide number 2:
P...l...to, in...r...by, to...nki, s...l...vy, m...dark, m...dve, help...shch.
- Read the words.
- Name the spelling patterns in the words. (unstressed vowels, ь - an indicator of the softness of consonants; ь - dividing). Explain spelling.
- Write the words in two columns.
- By what criteria will you distribute the words into two columns? (V one I'll write down the words in a column where the soft sign appears as softness index, and in another column with dividing soft sign).
- What vowels did you insert? Name them.
- How did you distribute the words into two columns?
Examination. (Slide No. 2, click)
- What did you think about while working? (where to write the word “help”).
(Slide No. 3)
- What sound does the word end with? (soft, sizzling).
- Let's close the soft sign and say this word. What did you notice? (the word is pronounced the same way as with a soft sign).
- Is a soft sign needed to indicate the softness of the consonant [ш]? (No).
- So, the soft sign performs some new work, which we will learn about in this lesson.
IV. Creating a problematic situation.
(Slide No. 4)
Orally: Replace the phrases with one word:
It can be oral and written - speech
A person who plays the trumpet is a trumpeter
A place where people swim and sunbathe - the beach
A plant from the ground grains of which rye bread is baked - rye
- What did you notice in the words? (for some reason, in some words a soft sign is written after the hissing word, but in others not).
- What problem is facing us? (we need to find out when a soft sign is written at the end of nouns after sibilants, and when not).
V. Children's discovery of new knowledge.
- Now we will work in pairs.
- Read the task and, after discussing the problem, complete it. Draw a conclusion.
(Slide No. 5)
Exploring words
- Read the word.
- What part of speech is the word?
- Determine the gender of nouns.
- What sound is heard at the end of a word?
- Think about what groups the words can be divided into.
- Write down the words, dividing them into groups.
- How are the words from each group different?
- Draw a conclusion. Try to formulate a rule.
(Slide No. 6). The words on the screen:
Ball, daughter, key, bream, thing, youth, pencil, mouse, snake, night.
Each pair completes the task in their notebooks. Compare their works. They talk about their research at the blackboard.
- Let's check how you distributed the words into two columns. (Slide No. 6, click)
- What is the work of the soft sign in these words? (grammatical, it indicates the gender of the noun. There is a soft sign after the hissing - zh.r., no soft sign - m.r.)
- What conclusion can be drawn? (a soft sign after a sibilant at the end of nouns is written only in feminine nouns in the singular, and for masculine nouns with a sibilant at the end a soft sign is not written).
- This can be written in a diagram like this: (Slide No. 7)
VI. Working with a textbook (rule).
- Let's check if we are right. What does our textbook say about this?
Read the rule on page 69.
- Were you and I right?
VII. Physical exercise.
(Slide No. 8)
- I will name masculine and feminine nouns with a sibilant at the end. If I name a feminine noun, you squat; if you hear a masculine noun, jump.
Game, siskin, night, rook, quiet, daughter, doctor, brooch, Easter cake, mouse, cloak.
VIII. Consolidation of acquired knowledge.
- Everyone on their desk has a work algorithm, using which you will not make mistakes when writing a soft sign after hissing nouns
a) - Using this algorithm, let’s do exercise 58 on page 70
(Commented execution with detailed explanation.)
- What conclusion can we draw from this work? What other work can a soft sign do? (indicates the feminine gender of a noun)
b) - Guess the riddles, underline the letters denoting hissing sounds (with a soft sign in the feminine gender and without it in the masculine gender).
(student - at the blackboard)
(Slide No. 9)
| 1) Sometimes they take it out of me Rivers have their source. And in your hands I will open I am any castle. (Key) 2) There is a hut in the sky, There is a pipe on the hut. There was a noise in the hut, There was a buzz in the pipe. The people see the flame, But it doesn’t simmer (Bake) 3) Mom let a river into the house. The river gurgled merrily, Mom washed clothes in it. And then, and then I swam in the rain. (Shower) 4) This little baby I'm glad even for a bread crumb, Because it's dark before She is hiding in a hole. (Mouse) |
5) Lying between the Christmas trees Pillow with needles. She lay quietly And then suddenly she ran away. (Hedgehog) 6) Duck in the sea, Tail on the fence. (Ladle) 7) If you hit the wall - And I'll jump up. You throw it on the ground - And I'll bounce back. That was! What happened? (Ball) 8) Walks along the loaf, Cutting it. (Knife) |
IX. Practical work.
Now everyone has to experience the role of teachers. (Slide number 10). One student wrote a text, and I can already see errors in it. Correct the mistakes. Write it down correctly.
How many errors did you count? What grade should be given to such a student?
Self-test. (Slide number 10, click)
X. Picture dictation.
(Slides No. 11 – 22)
- Write down in your notebook the names of plants and animals, as well as various objects that you see. ( hedgehog, lily of the valley, swift, reeds, knife, hut, garage, shower, walrus, pencil, ball, doctor).
XI. Test (independent work)
- Now let’s do a little test and check our knowledge.
XII. Generalization of knowledge on the topic.
Our lesson is almost over. Let's remember what problem we worked on today? What have you learned?
XIII. Lesson summary. Reflection.
- What new did you learn about the soft sign today?
- What was easy? What was difficult?
- To make sure that you have understood everything well, let’s do a small test:
(Slide No. 23)
1. At the end of nouns. R. after the hissing ones:
a) a soft sign is always written;
b) no soft sign is written.
2. At the end of nouns m.r. after the hissing ones:
a) a soft sign is written;
b) no soft sign is written.
3. a soft sign after hissing nouns at the end indicates:
a) on the gender of nouns;
b) by number;
Self-test. The correct answers are on the screen, the children check.
(Slide No. 24)
XIV. Homework.
Rule on page 69, exercise 59 on page 70.
XV. End of lesson.
Methodological development of a Russian language lesson in 3rd grade on the topic “Soft sign (ь) at the end of nouns after hissing ones”
This lesson was developed according to the new standards of the Federal State Educational Standard, according to the “Perspective” program. In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, 4 types of educational activities are formed in the lesson: personal, regulatory, cognitive, communicative.
Lesson topic: “Soft sign at the end of nouns after hissing ones”
Purpose of the lesson: to introduce students to the spelling of a soft sign at the end of nouns after sibilants.
Tasks:
Introduce the rule of writing a soft sign at the end of nouns after sibilants;
Learn to plan and evaluate your work
Develop memory, thinking, attention.
To cultivate in students a tolerant attitude towards each other, the ability to listen to the opinions of others and express their point of view;
Foster independence and creative activity.
Didactic materials: handouts (cards)
During the classes.
1. Motivation for educational activities.
Good afternoon guys! Today I would like to start our lesson with a proverb: “Every day adds a piece of wisdom to us”
How do you understand it?
Our knowledge is wealth that we put in a chest, and when necessary, we take out this knowledge and use it.
Let's smile at each other, give each other a good mood. May today's lesson bring us all the joy of communication.
Today in class, guys, you will have to complete many interesting tasks, make a very important discovery, and your helpers in this will be: attention, resourcefulness, and your knowledge.
2. Updating basic knowledge and fixing difficulties
1) A minute of penmanship
Zhzh Shh Shch Shch y
What can you say about these letters? Which one is the odd one out?
Write these letters in your notebook on the first line, alternating them.
Second line: reeds, stove, rye, ball, daughter, baby, crying, youth
What can you say about these words? (this is a noun, singular, ending in hissing sounds)
2) Fixing the difficulty.
Give these definitions in one word:
Football competition (match)
Twelve o'clock at night. (Midnight.)
Little child (Baby)
Hunter's catch (game)
What difficulties did you have in writing words? (Where to write b and where not to.)
What question arises? (Why is ь written after hissing words in some words, but not written in other words).
Who guessed what the topic of today's lesson is? (Spelling ь at the end of nouns after sibilants).
What goal will we set for ourselves in the lesson? (Find out when it is written and when it is not written)
3. Practicing the method of action. Construction of an algorithm for solving a spelling problem
match, midnight, crumb, game
Write words with a soft sign at the end in one column, and without a soft sign in the other.
What unites the words of the first group? (noun, unit h., w.r.) And the second? (noun, singular, m.p.) How do the words of the first group differ from the second? In what gender is a soft sign written and in which is it not written?
What conclusion can be drawn? (for feminine nouns a soft sign is written at the end, for masculine nouns it is not written)
This is your hypothesis, is it correct? The pages of the textbook will help answer this question.
Read the rule, let's compare it with the conclusion we made. Do they match? (Yes)
A soft sign after sibilants is written at the end of feminine nouns. This is a spelling.
Now let's work in pairs and try to create an algorithm for writing a soft sign in the word night (children work in groups independently)
The following algorithm is compiled:
1. Determine the part of speech.
2. Determine the genus.
3. If the noun is feminine, a soft sign is written.
4. If the noun is masculine, the soft sign is not written..
(Check and compare)
Let's return to the words that were written during the penmanship minute, check the correctness of our hypothesis.
– Let us check if you will fall into a trap while performing such a task?
Night.. – night..ka daughter..- daughter..ka
What's the trap?
(This is a completely different spelling).
4. Inclusion in the knowledge system and repetition.
1) - Today we have compiled an algorithm for correctly writing a soft sign at the end of feminine and masculine nouns. And for what? When will this algorithm be useful to you? (When we write a dictation, complete tasks in order to write correctly).
And in order to check whether you have understood everything well, let’s work on our own.
You will find the task for independent work on the cards that are on your desks.
In the words given on the cards, you either write a soft sign or do not write. Prove the correctness of your choice.
Key..., bream..., stove..., thing..., night..., mouse..., pencil..., luggage..., pencil..., small thing..., jam..., ball..., hush...
Exchange cards and check whether your neighbor on the desk completed the task correctly (mutual check).
5. Physical training
We completed the tasks
And a little tired.
And now it's time
Let us all rest, friends.
I will name the nouns, and you, if a soft sign is written in a word, squat, if it is not written, you clap: night, tick, thing, trembling, baby, hut, brick, penny, mouse, comrade, ball, oven.
6. Independent work
1) Write down the phrases, insert the necessary words with a sibilant at the end.
Pencil..., cold..., polar..., fragrant..., ambulance..., sonorous...
2) Game “Fourth wheel”
Pencil... cloak... mouse... hut...
Brick... small thing... night... daughter...
Touch...key...things.... bake….
Rook….help…. executioner….kalach….
7. Reflection on learning activities in the lesson.
Tell me, what topic did we work on in class today? What was your goal?
Continue the phrases:
Before this lesson I didn’t know...
Now I know….
Can…
As a result of my work in class I…..
During the lesson I worked...
My mood…
I am very glad that this lesson was interesting and useful for you and that it was easy for you to work in the lesson. Thanks for the work!
Spelling a soft sign at the end of words after sibilants
In Russian, sibilants at the end of words (Zh, Sh, Shch and Ch) are possible in six parts of speech:
In nouns (NIGHT, WATCHMAN, MANY TASKS),
in adjectives (HOT),
in verbs (WRITE),
in adverbs (WIDE),
pronouns (OUR),
particles (ONLY).
Each of these parts of speech for the use of a soft sign has its own special rule.
1. If we have a noun in front of us, then a soft sign is placed after the sibilants only when the word belongs to the III declension (NIGHT). Nouns of the 1st and 2nd declension with a sibilant at the end are written without a soft sign (MANY CLOUDS, BRICK). Don’t forget that patronymics and surnames ending in -ICH are nouns of the second declension and are written without a soft sign. For example: SERGEEVICH, RYURIKOVICH, VOYNOVICH.
2. If the word answers the question WHAT? and is a short adjective, then after the hissing one at the end a soft sign is not needed (HOT, MIGHTY).
3. Verbs with a sibilant at the end are always written with a soft sign. For example: LOOK or LOOK (in the form of the second person singular of the present or future tense), CUT (in the imperative mood), BURN (in the indefinite form). Please note that in verbs the soft sign may appear after the sibilant and not at the very end of the word, but before the postfixes -СЯ or -TE, for example: BATHING, HIDE.
4. At the end of adverbs after hissing ones, a soft sign is always written (WIDE, JUMP, AWAY), except for exceptions: UZH, MARRIED, UNBEARABLE.
5. Pronouns with sibilants at the end are written without a soft sign, for example: OUR, YOURS.
6. The particles ISH, ONLY, Bish are always written with a soft sign.
Exercise
We already knew this and did not stop him from managing things in his own way; but between us was an officer who had recently been transferred to us. (“Shot”, A. S. Pushkin)
Petrovich had a skein of silk and thread hanging around his neck, and on his knees was some kind of rag. (“The Overcoat”, N.V. Gogol)
This is exactly how they first took and suspected these, what's their... Kokh and Pestryakov. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
Finally, the poor guy became, in some way, unbearable, and decided to get through by storm at all costs, you know. (“Dead Souls”, N.V. Gogol)
This expression said that she decided to endure her misfortune without complaining, and that her husband was a cross sent to her from God. (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
The sun was just beginning to rise from behind the clouds; the air was fresh and dewy. (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
And just think about what and who - what insignificance can be the cause of people’s misfortune! (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
He knew that this story contributed to the glorification of our weapons, and therefore he had to pretend that he did not doubt it. (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
As soon as he began to say something that did not satisfy the purpose of the accusation, they took a groove, and the water could flow wherever it wanted. (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
They say that his mother was very pretty, and it seems strange to me why she married so unsuccessfully, to such an insignificant person... (“Poor people”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
I told him... Don't cry for me: I will try to be both courageous and honest all my life, even though I am a murderer. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
The whole battle consisted only in what the Cossacks of Orlov-Denisov did; the rest of the troops lost several hundred people in vain. (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
It will fall on its own when it is ripe, and if you pick it green, you will ruin the apple and the tree, and you will set your teeth on edge. (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
Nikolai, in two words, bought for six thousand_seventeen stallions for selection (as he said) for the horse-drawn end of his repairs. (“War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy)
On the other side of the fence, the old man was whittling a hoop and did not see Levin. (“Anna Karenina”, L.N. Tolstoy)
Nothing could come out now except falsehood and lies; and falsehood and lies were disgusting to his nature. (“Anna Karenina”, L.N. Tolstoy)
No one declared war, but people sympathize with the suffering of their neighbors and want to help them, said Sergei Ivanovich. (“Anna Karenina”, L.N. Tolstoy)
And in Moscow, where every meeting is a knife in her heart, she lives for six months, waiting for a decision every day. (“Anna Karenina”, L.N. Tolstoy)
Night fell - the mother blessed her daughter and wished her a gentle sleep, but this time her wish was not fulfilled; Lisa slept very poorly. (“Poor Liza”, N. M. Karamzin)
But sometimes - although very rarely - a golden ray of hope, a ray of consolation illuminated the darkness of her sorrow. (“Poor Liza”, N. M. Karamzin)
And there is one key there, three times larger than all of them, with a jagged beard, of course, not from the chest of drawers. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
“Don’t worry, I won’t give it to you,” the mustache said decisively and went after them. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
But as I leave, I dare say that in the future I hope to be spared such meetings and, so to speak, compromises. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
The crying of poor, consumptive, orphaned Katerina Ivanovna seemed to have a strong effect on the audience. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
Her pale yellow, withered face was thrown back, her mouth opened, her legs stretched out convulsively. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
Ditch_! - Luzhin screamed, enraged to the point of rage, - you are all wild, sir. (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
Marfa Terentyevna did not let up, but pestered the mayor more and more: take out Bonaparte, and in the end he will become exhausted. (“The History of a City”, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
Whatever fires out of a gun will shoot right through your heart, whatever you wave with a saber will take your head off your shoulders. (“The History of a City”, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
He made numerous campaigns against debtors and was so eager for spectacle that he would flog anyone without himself.
didn't trust. (“The History of a City”, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
"Enough! - he said decisively and solemnly, “other mirages, other feigned fears, other ghosts!..” (“Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky)
I thought that the sky would collapse, the earth would open up under my feet, that a tornado would fly from somewhere and swallow everything, everything at once... (“The History of a City”, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
He bargained with them for a long time, asking for altyn and money for the search, but the bunglers gave a penny and their bellies in addition. (“The History of a City”, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
The exercise was prepared by N. Solovyova and B. A. Panov (“League of Schools”).
