The lack of light in the premises is compensated in different ways - additional windows, devices, lamps and the like. One of innovative solutions Recently, light guides have become available for lighting. Small devices are installed on the roof or walls, accumulating and delivering rays inside.
History of light guide lighting
The first attempts to create a light guide for indoor lighting were made back in 1874. Russian electrical engineer Vladimir Chikolev made a pipe with mirror surface inside, with the help of which he provided lighting to the dangerous production rooms of the gunpowder factory.
The modern method appeared on the market relatively recently. The first devices that conduct daylight appeared in 2005. The devices have gone through several stages of improvement. The final version was presented to consumers in 2011.
The light guide is a mechanism closed type for directional transmission of daylight. Another name is optical waveguide. The devices are designed in such a way that they can have any directional curve, but at the same time deliver maximum illumination. Allows you to save on electricity and standard light bulbs.
How the light tunnel works
Operating principle of the light guide
The devices are mounted through the roof, with spherical glass placed on top (the shape is close to the type dormer window). The inner surface is mirrored. Thanks to the reflective elements, light passes through the pipe. Length may vary. The main thing is that it goes through the ceilings into the room.
Glass with a scattering effect is installed at the bottom (from the room side). Externally, the light tunnel resembles ordinary lamp. Some models have a built-in light for night-time operation. Installation time and cost remain within reasonable limits. At the same time, the device allows you to save on electricity and appliances.
Side glow method
The system is a light-receiving dome with lenses that capture and redirect rays into the light guide
This method does not require complex technical diagrams, installation takes a little time, you can do it yourself without involving professional installers. The difference is the installation of the projector outdoors, the presence of LED fibers.
No heat sources should be located near the installation. The diffuser is installed from the side walls. This arrangement allows you to illuminate the room so that you don’t need additional sources during the day. This is true for rooms without windows (dressing rooms, baths, storage rooms, basement). Light guides for LEDs can be made with your own hands.
End glow method
This method allows you to create the effect of a “starry sky”. Small devices are installed under the ceiling, like spotlights. Solar fiber optic lighting is natural and smooth. An additional plus is that it creates an unusual design.
Tunnels with LED cables are carried through coatings and can be either single or “spreading”. The latter require accurate calculations, the cost is higher than standard.
What are skylights made of?
The structure of the skylight
Light guides work on the following principle: light is accumulated in the upper spherical part, then transmitted inside along reflective surfaces. Losses range from 10 to 40% per meter of pipe, up to 40% on bends. Classic version The light tunnel consists of the following parts:
- dome (round glass, installed from the roof side);
- roofing part;
- reflective pipe (directly light guide);
- diffuser;
- additional parts - corner adapters, lamps for night lighting, etc.
The external parts of the lanterns are made of durable materials - polycarbonate, plexiglass. No cleaning required - just rain. The collection of light waves is greatest in cloudy weather, in the evening and in the morning.
Advantages
At correct operation These lights have a long service life
The devices are used more and more every year. Additional natural lighting is installed in production premises and private houses. You can install the light guide yourself at home. Installation takes little time and effort.
Tunnels allow you to save energy - according to average data, light guides allow you to spend up to 60% less. At correct installation The light guide lamp lasts 10 years or more - the manufacturer’s warranty is at least 5 years. The devices are thermally insulated - they do not allow heat to pass through in summer and cold in winter (important for residential premises, floriculture and others).
Light tunnels are easy to maintain. It is possible to regulate the lighting. Additional functions include ventilation, a classic lamp (depending on the model).
Flaws
If the light guide is covered with snow, its performance may be reduced to zero.
Despite all the obvious advantages, such mechanisms have several disadvantages, which should be familiarized with before installation. A light guide is a device that accumulates natural light. Therefore for normal operation sufficient time is required - tunnels are not suitable for use in areas with short daylight hours.
Difficulties may also arise in winter. If the dome is covered with snow, performance and light transmittance will decrease, sometimes to zero. Therefore, you need to either install another source or clean the glass in a timely manner.
The initial installation has a high cost. Although this drawback is temporary - the usual payback period is 2-3 years, and the operating time is more than 10 years.
The use of light guides in lighting a private home
Using a skylight to illuminate a hallway
Country houses are often equipped with independent power and lighting sources. Light tunnels are suitable for use in different rooms and premises, allow you to save cash, so they become more popular every year.
Kitchen lighting
The kitchen is the place where food is prepared and the family gathers. Some spend most of their time here. Typically, the central light source is a ceiling lamp or chandelier. Such a source cannot be called ideal - there is no uniformity of illumination, and flickering artificial light harms the eyes.
Light guides create diffused natural light, which does not irritate the eyes and is more familiar to the eye. You can install one tunnel or several small ones along the ceiling.
Bathroom lighting
Light guide in the bathroom
The main difference between bathroom fixtures is the safety requirements. High humidity creates conditions in which not every source can be used. Light guides do not use electricity and have no heating or other elements. Therefore, tunnels are considered the most suitable lighting devices.
The best option is to install several light lanterns. Bright lighting required at the mirror, where many procedures are carried out: applying makeup, shaving and others.
Room lighting
If there is no window in the room, it is almost impossible to choose the right lamps. No lamp can replace natural daylight. The solution will be light tunnels. Several flashlights will sufficiently illuminate the room without overstraining your eyes.
Living room lighting
Living room lighting with light guide
This room is considered the most multifunctional in the house. Good lighting is essential. General sources are no less important than local ones. If it is not possible to cut through big windows, you can use light guides. The correct wavelength range of lighting familiar to the eye will help create a cozy atmosphere and save money.
Economic efficiency of introducing light guides
The main advantage of light tunnels is financial savings due to immediate cost reduction and payback. This is noticeable in industrial premises. For example, in buildings with an area of over 100 sq.m. the average consumption per 1 sq.m is 1,500 rubles. After installing the light guides, the amount is reduced to 600-700 rubles. Warehouses and factories pay for the installation of the system in 2-3 years (average).
The choice of light sources depends on the type of room, capabilities and preferences of the owners. Light guides are alternative way lighting that suits any room.
Locked in multi-story hive offices, we often turn on the lamps even during the day, because the light from the windows has difficulty getting inside the large building. Meanwhile, the most free source of rays shines above our heads. Using it “smartly” is quite possible. We just need to give a new dimension to the concept of “natural light”.
The Canadian company SunCentral, which is preparing to enter the market with an original system of “artificial natural lighting,” is confident of this. The company was created last year to commercialize an interesting development from the University of British Columbia's Structured Surface Physics Laboratory (SSP).
The latter specializes in creating and testing new materials that can reflect, absorb and refract light in different ways. In other words, the laboratory's strong point is light guides and mirrors, lenses exotic in composition and structure, as well as various technical devices based on such elements.
One of the most striking projects of the laboratory is the Solar Canopy system. It is based on a frame with a set of small lightweight mirrors, which, using tiny actuators (controlled by cheap electronic circuit) deflect horizontally and vertically to follow the sun.
These mirrors direct the light to two pairs of parabolic mirrors, which compress the light flux and throw it into the mouth of the light box, coated on the inside mirror film. The lower part of the box is equipped with a thin prismatic diffuser, which effectively directs the light traveling down the box into the room.
In the following video, a company representative explains how the system works using a scale model as an example.
Fluorescent lamps are also mounted inside the box for illumination at night or in cloudy weather. After all, the Solar Canopy system takes the place of traditional lamps on the office false ceiling. At the same time, the automation quickly adjusts the number of turned on “tubes” in inverse proportion to the natural light flux, maintaining the total illumination at the same level.
Canadian experts believe that such a seemingly complex solution may turn out to be more profitable than other methods of solving the problem. But the presence of servo drives and a mirror system seems to make the design more expensive. Maybe there are more attractive alternatives?
For relatively short distances transporting sunlight can be useful simple system like a "solar pipeline". But if the beams need to be thrown 10 meters or more, you should think about other options.
Many companies from different countries various types of “beam transporters” are already offered on the market, but all of them, along with obvious advantages They also have disadvantages. Some have questions regarding the limits of application, others are simply expensive, and others are not very effective.
But, it would seem, what could be simpler? Even people who are far from technology understand that the most banal system of mirrors can easily direct light into the house. But for some reason such installations never became widespread.
SunCentral explains what's going on here. Used in such cases inexpensive materials do not have the best reflectivity - 90-95%. This means that with each reflection, 10% of the light flux is lost. After several turns inside the system, the beam weakens very noticeably - the installation turns out to be ineffective.
The basis for Solar Canopy was the research of a Canadian laboratory in the field of coatings with a reflectivity of 99%, and the materials developed by SSP remained very inexpensive - this important condition for their use in fairly long light “pipes”.
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This is not the first time that scientists have come up with original ways delivering natural light into the shaded depths of offices. So, glass walls The New York Times Building skyscraper is equipped with myriads of snow-white ceramic tubes. On the one hand, they block direct sunlight, reducing air conditioning costs, and on the other, thanks to several reflections, they provide soft and diffused white light that penetrates very far from the windows. This reduces lighting costs internal parts building. |
SSP built the first working prototype of the mirror trap on the territory of the so-called Great Northern Way Campus, a joint campus of three universities and one institute based in Vancouver. Including the University of British Columbia, the parent of Solar Canopy, and the British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT), a partner in this project.
And in 2008, SSP installed five of its light collection systems on the third floor of one of the BCIT buildings in Burnaby. The experiment showed that on a clear afternoon, the illumination from a “sun trap” in the depths of the room can be comparable to the degree of illumination from fully turned on ceiling fluorescent lamps.
SunCentral is currently fine-tuning and polishing the technology. Plans for the near future include installing Solar Canopy on six more buildings. And these will be buildings different designs. One of the objectives of the tests is to develop new modifications of the installation that allow it to be embedded less noticeably than in the case of BCIT, that is, into the thickness of the walls.
After such a large-scale check, it will be possible to think about starting serial production trap modules and their wide sale. But the Canadians do not give any deadlines.
The sun is the greatest thing that human eyes can see.
Davydov Robert Borisovich
Light guides-- this is very interesting solution. Solutions for insolation appeared on the Russian market relatively recently and have not yet received proper distribution. At the moment, they are mainly used by large advanced companies.
The main advantage of light guides is sunlight, and that says it all. Humans organically require natural light, and no artificial lighting sources can replace it.
What rooms are illuminated with light guides?
In additional sunlight basements, basements and rooms with shadow side building.
How does a light guide work?
The light guides use Raybender technology, patented by Solatube.
The operating principle is simple: light is captured by a light-collecting dome and transmitted through a channel into the room.
A light-collecting dome (indicated 1 in the figure) is installed on the roof or facade of the building. Light is captured even at dusk or in cloudy weather. the use of a special lens (2) allows you to increase the capture area.
The light guide channel (3) is a tubular light guide. It is capable of transmitting light over a distance of up to 12 meters with virtually no loss. in this case, the channel configuration can be quite bizarre.
At the end of the channel there is a diffuser (4). It is installed on the ceiling and looks like a lamp.
One such light guide can illuminate an area of 14-40 m2.
Why a light guide and not a window?
Energy efficiency
The main heat exchange in the house occurs through the windows. In winter, heat escapes through the windows; in summer, heat enters. In any case, the costs of either heating or air conditioning increase. When using light guides, there is virtually no heat loss. As a result, you seriously save on maintaining a comfortable climate in your home.
Possibility of installation
It is not possible to install a window everywhere. In the basement, a window does not make sense, but a light guide does :)
Uniform illumination of large rooms
Possible difficulties
Daylight hours
The first and obvious objection to the use of light guides is the short daylight hours in our region, especially in winter and autumn, when the sky is overcast.
Light lanterns – construction elements of a building, which are intended for lighting premises sun rays and reducing dependence on artificial lighting.
Especially, skylights are used in those rooms where natural light through windows is minimal (or absent), and it is possible to lay a light tunnel through a non-residential attic. Using a tunnel-type skylight, you can provide natural lighting to rooms and spaces inside the house that do not have windows (for example, a bathtub, toilet, dressing room, storage room, corridor, photo 1).
Photo 1. Tunnel-type light guides
Flashlight: where it is used, principle of operation, what it consists of, marking
Light lanterns are called differently - “light guides”, “light wells”, “light tunnels”, SDS (Solatube Daylighting System).
Light guides have recently gained popularity because they have no complex design and quite high efficiency. Thus, the VELUX light tunnel (Lovegrove) transmits up to 440 lumens in cloudy weather (430 lumens - 40W incandescent lamp), and in sunny weather - 2800 lumens, photo 2. One tunnel-type light can illuminate a room of 9 m2.
Photo 2. Light tunnel made by VELUX
Nowadays, light guides are represented by the following manufacturers: ALLUX, VELUX, Fakro, Solarspot, etc.
Light guides can be installed both in a vertical, inclined position (roof with an angle from 15° to 60°), and in a horizontal position (walls).
On photo 3 options for installing light tunnel lights are presented.
Photo 3. Options for installing a light tunnel
Tunnel skylights from different manufacturers may differ in some design elements, but in general they consist of:
- external element – located on the roof surface (usually inclined) and collects rays of daylight. The outer element is a hemisphere or spherical dome that collects light rays using installed Frisnel lenses. Dimensions of the upper element round shape with a diameter of 0.25 m, 0.35 m and 0.53 m (there are other sizes), the entire outer part usually measures 0.47 × 0.47 m and larger. The above round external elements are capable of illuminating a room area of 14, 24 and 40 m2, respectively (with a room height of 2.4 m);
- internal element – scatters and evenly distributes sunlight in the room.
External and internal elements are connected tunnel pipes, which can be rigid or elastic (usually 0.35 m in diameter, up to 2 m long, when using additional connecting elements can be extended up to 6 m).
How the light tunnel works
The principle of operation of a tunnel-type light lantern is very simple: the outer element collects the sun's rays and transmits them through the reflective internal surfaces of the tunnel pipe to the inner element, which scatters the rays of light in the room. The inner surface of the pipes is covered with a layer of aluminum and additionally consists of 400 layers of special reflective film (reflectivity - 99.7%). Such a surface is capable of collecting a huge amount of rays not only in cloudy weather, but even at night from the radiation of the Moon and city lighting.
When laying a lantern, remember that the longer the tunnel pipe and the more bends, the greater the light loss:
- at each bend the losses are 10...40%;
- For each meter of pipe, losses are 20...40%.
For getting maximum effect lighting using a tunnel lamp, it is necessary to install a tunnel pipe of the following length:
- rigid pipe within 0.9…6.0 m;
- corrugated pipe 0.4...2.0 m (corrugated pipe cannot be extended).
What are skylights made of?
Let us consider a more detailed structure of light guides using the example of the ALLUX and VELUX light guide systems. The light guide of the ALLUX system consists of ( photos 4 and 5):
- domes (receiver of light radiation);
- roofing block;
- a mirror pipe or light guide (a light-conducting channel that transmits light rays due to their reflection from the surface of the pipe;
- diffuser (light distribution device).
- additional components (photo 6).
Photo 4. Tunnel type light guide device produced by ALLUX: a) general scheme; b) dome
Photo 5. Design of the ALLUX light guide: a) roofing block; b) diffuser; c) rigid tunnel pipe; d) corrugated tunnel pipe
Photo 6. Additional components of the tunnel light guide: a) double-glazed window with increased thermal insulation properties; b) light pipe elbow; c) electric lamp ( additional function); d) dimmer (“Switch” is a darkening curtain that is installed inside the light pipe); e) protective cross "Anti-theft"
Dome made of polycarbonate or tempered glass, which has constant light-conducting properties and high impact strength, photo 4b.
Dome Features:
- The special shape and material of the dome allows no additional cleaning of the surface. Rain is enough to clean the surface.
- Maximum collection of sunlight occurs in the morning and evening, as well as in cloudy weather.
- The dome provides protection from UV rays.
Roofing block– this is an aluminum light guide part designed to connect the dome to the roof and provide reliable waterproofing, photo 5a.
Diffuser, also called a light diffuser - designed for uniform distribution and soft dispersion of sunlight throughout the room. Diffuser made of double polycarbonate, photo 5b.
Light guideALLUX(mirror tube) is designed to redirect the incident rays onto the dome to the diffuser, and then into the room, photo 5, c, d. This scattering ability of the light guide is ensured due to the specular inner surface. The manufacturer ALLUX is available in two versions:
- ALLUX Plus light guide (aluminum material, hard, silver plating inside), photo 5c;
- ALLUX Flexi light guide (corrugated, soft), photo 5g.
Application benefits different types light guide:
Light tunnel marking
The VELUX light tunnel has several varieties, which are labeled as follows: photo 7:
- TWF– light tunnel with corrugated pipe, also has a built-in waterproofing flashing for installation in profiled roofing (metal tiles, composite tiles);
- TLF– a light tunnel with a corrugated pipe, also has a built-in waterproofing flashing for installation in a flat roof covering ( bitumen shingles, seam roofing);
- TWR– light tunnel with rigid tunnel pipe, for profiled roofing coverings(metal tiles, composite tiles);
- TLR– light tunnel with a rigid tunnel pipe, for flat roofing coverings (bitumen shingles, seam roofing).
Photo 7. Varieties of tunnel-type light guides: for profiled roofing coverings (left) and for flat roofing coverings (right)
Advantages of using light tunnel lights
- Easy to install and low installation work required.
- Saving electricity, which is spent on additional lighting of the room (up to 60% on lighting the premises of the house).
- Possibility of providing daylight to a room without windows.
- High durability (manufacturer's warranty 5 years).
- The skylight windows prevent heat from entering the room in summer and cold in winter.
- Does not consume electricity during operation (with direct purpose, without additional functions),
- Easy to maintain.
- Possibility of adjusting lighting.
- With the help of branded accessories, the light tunnel can have a ventilation function and can also be used as a lamp at night.
Disadvantages of using light tunnels
- Not good high efficiency in areas with short daylight hours.
- In winter conditions, there may be a possibility of snow cover, which temporarily leads to a cessation of the supply of light rays into the room.
Photo 8 shows examples of light tunnels that are successfully operated.
Photo 8. Examples of using light tunnels
Publication prepared by an expert
Konev Alexander Anatolievich
The SW530 light guide is a hollow tubular light guide (Spot Rooflight) of the SW series designed for rooms with an area of at least 20 m2 with a ceiling height of at least 3 m. Suitable for use in training rooms, operator rooms, warehouses, laboratories, offices, halls. The diffuser model SW530 is suitable for any type of ceiling.
Technical parameters table:
The efficiency of the light guide is at least 82%. At the same time, such positive traits natural lighting, as a continuous spectrum of light, the natural rhythm of illumination, corresponding to the “bioclock” of a person, the natural dynamics of natural light, allowing one to judge the weather outside, i.e. ensure maximum connection with external environment.
SW530 SERIES LIGHT GUIDE PROVIDES ILLUMINATION IN AN AREA OF NOT LESS THAN 30 m2
The SW530 light guide is designed for lighting large rooms - auditoriums, classrooms, laboratories, conference rooms, offices, offices. The solar tunnel replaces 6 Armstrong lamps in the summer and 2 Armstrong lamps in the winter. Produces at least 5,000 lm in cloudy weather and about 11,000 lm in sunny weather. The heat of the sun will not pass through the light guide, which means there will be no heating of the room. The light guide will also prevent heat loss and maintain the thermal integrity of the building.
THE USE OF SOLAR WELLS ALLOWS YOU TO PROVIDE:
Efficient, healthy lighting for upper floors buildings and in closed rooms;
Safe lighting of fire and explosion hazardous areas;
Safe lighting in rooms with high humidity where there is a danger of electric shock;
Natural diffused lighting prevents objects from “burning out” and does not distort colors;
Safety for children;
Illumination of garages, storage rooms, toilets, bathrooms and other small spaces.
LIGHT TRANSMISSION SCHEME
MAIN ELEMENTS OF A LIGHT TUNNEL
Dome Solarway's roof-mounted light guide captures light from the entire sky from dawn to dusk using an active light-catching dome.Mirror Mine
Mirror MineSolarway light guide conducts light through floors to any point in the building remote from the roof or outer wall. DiffuserDark places will flood sunlight Solarway light guide. DiffuserSolarway light guide evenly distributes sunlight throughout the room, maintaining its dynamics.
CLICK HERE, TO SEE WHY THE SOLARWAY SW530 LIGHTING SYSTEM IS A QUALITY REPLACEMENT FOR ARTIFICIAL LIGHT SOURCES.
comparison of SW530 fiber and sources
artificial light
| Artificial light sources (ALS) | Light guide Solarway SW530 | ||
| Positive factors | Photo | Photo | Positive factors |
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1. Lighting during the day and evening | |
| 2. No heat loss | 2. No heat loss | ||
| 3. Possibility of installing lighting in any room | 3. Possibility of installing lighting in any room |
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| Negative factors | |||
| 1. Ripple | 5. No ripple | ||
| 2. Shine | 6. No shine | ||
| 3. Presence of heat inflows | 7. No heat gain | ||
| 4. Uneven illumination | 8. Uniform lighting | ||
| 5. Electrical and fire hazards | 9. Electrical and fire safety | ||
| 6. High operating and energy costs | 10. No energy costs for lighting | ||
| 7. Discrete spectral composition does not correspond to the spectral composition of natural light | The total cost of a roof window with installation is at least 25,000 rubles. (With a lighting area of at least 22 m2) | The total cost of a hollow mirror light guide with installation is no more than 22,000 rubles. (With a lighting area of at least 22 m2) | 11. Complete preservation of the spectral composition of natural light |
| 8. Lack of visual contact with the external environment | 12. Maintaining partial visual contact with the external environment | ||
| 9. Negative impact on environment | 13. No impact on the environment | ||
| The light tunnel has 13 positive factors, unlike artificial lighting. |
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Artificial lighting – created by electric light sources. Artificial light sources (ALS) are capable of illuminating the target room around the clock, with one condition - if electricity is available. Those. If there is no electricity in the network, there will be no lighting, which means the room will not be able to be used for its intended purpose. |
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The light guide is a hollow ring mirror (mirror tube), which is completely sealed and excludes the possibility of convection. air masses due to the ThermoBarrier built into it. |
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Possibility of installing lighting in any roomIt often happens that it is not possible to bring light into a room that is located inside the house and does not have access to the external walls. sources of artificial lighting cope with this problem just as well as light guides, which are capable of conducting natural light at a distance of up to 20 meters deep into the buildingThe light guide can easily illuminate any room remote from the roof or outer wall. |
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Uniformity of lighting.With modern lighting sources ( LED lamps) very low uniformity close to unity. The light guide has a high uniform illumination closer to three. |
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Ripple.Any source of artificial light has a stroboscopic effect - in other words, there is a pulsation. Many have already encountered the non-visual impact of artificial lighting pulsation, which manifested itself in the form of a feeling of discomfort, fatigue and even malaise that occurs under seemingly good, brightly lit conditions or when working at a computer.The light guide is essentially a window or a spotlight and, like a periscope, it conducts sunlight without distortion or pulsation. |
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Shine.Shininess negatively affects the functioning of the eyes. There is no protection against glare in the eyes. In the presence of high brightness, vision functions are reduced, and temporary blindness occurs, which is called glare. A high degree of gloss can cause visual disturbances and headaches. Shininess in production conditions is completely unacceptable. The presence of shine in the workplace can lead to work-related injury.The light guide diffuser does not have a blinding effect, the light is evenly distributed over the entire area of the room. |
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Heat inflows.The heat generation from the IIS is not so great, however, in accordance with regulatory documents they must be taken into account. The total heat receipts from the IIS are no more than 3%.The light guide transmits less than 0.5% heat, increasing the room temperature by no more than 0.003 o C |
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Electrical and fire safetyThe light guide is electrically and fireproof. The light guide does not require electricity to perform its main function - lighting. |
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No energy costs for lightingThe main advantage of the light guide is its direct savings. IIS do not have direct savings and can only be content with indirect ones. |
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It is recommended to wipe the surface of the dome damp cloth 2 times per year.
It is prohibited to exert physical influence on the product.
To install light guides you need:
Prepare holes in the roof and ceilings. (In accordance with SNiP 2.01.07-85 “Loads and impacts”).
Prepare a box for the light shaft on the roof. The height of the shaft depends on the thickness snow cover V winter time(SNiP 23-01-99 “Building climatology”; SNiP 41-01-2003 “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning”).
Light guide assembly:
First, the tubes are assembled according to the installation instructions.
The pipes are placed in the opening and secured in interfloor ceilings(if the light guide passes more than one floor)
At long length The optical fiber pipes are assembled in segments and attached in place. If the length of the light guide is short (2-3 tubes), you can assemble the entire pipe and mount it as an assembly.
Read the technical data sheet of the product
ADDITIONAL OPTIONS and ACCESSORIES
DimmerInstalling a device such as a dimer (dimmer) will allow you to change the intensity general light indoors.
Light crownThe light crown is designed for additional lighting premises using light guides in the dark.
Heliostat "Peresvet"The heliostat using the Peresvet technology (developed by Solarzhi) is a fixed panel. Sunlight at low angles at sunrise and sunset falling on the heliostat is redirected into a mirror tube. The efficiency of the device is at least 90% at angles from 0 to 15 degrees.
