Non-union and allied coordinating connections are one of the ways of constructing. Without them, speech is poor, because they provide more information and are capable of containing two or more sentences telling about different events.
Complex sentences and their types
Depending on the number of parts, complex structures are divided into two- and polynomial. In any of the options, the elements are connected either by a conjunction (which, in turn, is provided by the corresponding part of speech) or by a non-conjunction.
Depending on what types of relationships are present, complex formations create the following groups:
- Complex sentence with non-union and allied coordinating connection: The sky suddenly darkened, a distant rumble was heard, and a wall of rain covered the ground, driving down dust and washing away the city smog.
- Designs combining elements with subordinating connection, For example: The house we entered was depressing, but in this situation we had no choice.
- Complex sentences with subordinating and non-union types of connections: No matter how he hurried, his help was late: another car took the wounded.
- In polynomial constructions, subordinating, non-union and allied coordinating connections can be used simultaneously. The next time the phone rang, my mother answered it, but heard only the voice of a robot informing her that her loan was overdue.
It is important to be able to distinguish between complex sentences and constructions complicated, for example, by homogeneous predicates. As a rule, in the first case, the syntactic lexical unit contains several grammatical stems, while in the second there will be one subject and several predicates.
Non-union designs
In this type of lexical constructions, 2 simple sentences or more can be combined, which are connected by intonation and meaning. They can communicate with each other in the following ways:
- Sentences are linked by enumeration. The evening gradually faded, night fell on the earth, the moon began to rule the world.
- Constructions in which elements are divided into several parts, two of which are opposite fragments. The weather was as if to order: the sky cleared of clouds, the sun was shining brightly, a light breeze blew across the face, creating a slight coolness. In this unionless design, the second fragment, consisting of 3 simple sentences, connected by enumerative intonation, explains its first part.
- A binary combination of simple elements into a polynomial complex structure, in which the parts are combined into semantic groups: The moon rose above the ridge, we did not immediately notice it: the haze hid its radiance.
A non-conjunctive, like a conjunctive coordinating connection, in a complete connection separates individual sentences from each other with punctuation marks.
Commas in non-union polynomial constructions
In complex compounds, their parts are separated by commas, semicolons, dashes and colons. Commas and semicolons are used in enumerative relations:
- The parts are small in size and connected to each other in meaning. After the storm there was silence, followed by a light whisper of rain.
- When parts are too common and not connected by a single meaning, a semicolon is used. Chamomiles and poppies covered the entire clearing; Grasshoppers were chirping somewhere below.
Non-union constructions are most often used to convey a large amount of information that is not always connected in meaning.
Dividing marks in non-union formations
These signs are used for the following types of relationships between elements of a syntactic structure:
- Dash - when the second part is sharply opposed to the first, for example: We knew about his fears - no one knew about his readiness to die.(In such a construction with a non-union, as well as a union, coordinating connection between parts, I would like to put the conjunction “but”).
- When the first part talks about a condition or time, then a dash is also placed between it and the second fragment. The rooster crowed - it's time to get up. In such sentences, the meaning of the conjunctions “if” or “when” is appropriate.
- The same sign is placed if the second part contains a conclusion about what was discussed in the first. There was no strength to object - he silently agreed. In such conjunction constructions, “therefore” is usually inserted.
- When the second part of the sentence is compared and determined by what is narrated in the first. He makes a speech - he breathes hope into people. In these constructions you can add “as if” or “as if”.
- In sentences with an explanatory connection and justification of the reason, a colon is used. I’ll tell you to the point: you can’t let your friends down.
Sentences with a non-union, as well as a union, coordinating connection between parts are separated by signs depending on their semantic relationship.
Complex constructions
In sentences of this type, a coordinating connection is used, carried out using coordinating conjunctions. In this case, between their parts there may be:
- Connective relationships interconnected by unions and, yes or, particles also, also and neither...nor. No birds chirp, no mosquito squeaks, no cicadas chirp.
- In separating relationships, conjunctions are used what and, or, particles either... or, not that... not that and others. Either the wind brings an incomprehensible sound, or it itself approaches us.
- Sentences with both non-union and allied coordinating connections with comparative relations indicate the identity of events, but in the second case with the use of conjunctions namely And that is. Everyone was happy to see him, that is, that’s what he read on their faces.
- Explanatory relationships tend to use conjunctions yes, but, ah, particles but, and therefore and others. A blizzard was raging outside the window, but it was warm near the fireplace in the living room.
Often it is conjunctions and particles that explain what connects simple sentences into a single complex structure.
Complex sentences with mixed types of communication
Constructions where a non-union and a union coordinating connection are present at the same time occur quite often. They can contain separate blocks, each of which contains several simple sentences. Within blocks, some elements are connected to others in meaning and are separated by punctuation marks with or without conjunctions. In a complex sentence with a non-conjunctive and a conjunctive coordinating connection, the line between them is separators, although individual blocks may not be connected in meaning.
Complex sentences with different types communications- This complex sentences , which consist of at least from three simple proposals , interconnected by coordinating, subordinating and non-union connections.
To understand the meaning of such complex structures It is important to understand how the simple sentences included in them are grouped together.
Often complex sentences with different types of connections are divided into two or several parts (blocks), connected using coordinating conjunctions or without unions; and each part in structure represents either complex sentence, or simple.
For example:
1) [Sad I]: [there is no friend with me], (with whom I would drink the long separation), (whom I could shake hands from the heart and wish many happy years)(A. Pushkin).
This is a complex sentence with different types of connections: non-union and subordinating, consists of two parts (blocks) connected non-union; the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II is a complex sentence with two attributive clauses, with homogeneous subordination.
2) [Lane was all in the gardens], and [grew at the fences linden trees, now casting, under the moon, a wide shadow], (so fences And gates on one side they were completely buried in darkness)(A. Chekhov).
This is a complex sentence with different types of connections: coordinating and subordinating, consists of two parts connected by a coordinating conjunction and, the relations between the parts are enumerative; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II - a complex sentence with a subordinate clause; the subordinate clause depends on the main thing and is joined to it by the conjunction so.
A complex sentence can contain sentences with different types of conjunction and non-conjunction connections.
These include:
1) composition and submission.
For example: The sun set and night followed day without interval, as is usually the case in the south.(Lermontov).
(And is a coordinating conjunction, as is a subordinating conjunction.)
The outline of this proposal:
2) composition and non-union communication.
For example: The sun had long since set, but the forest had not yet died down: the turtle doves were murmuring nearby, the cuckoo was crowing in the distance.(Bunin).
(But - coordinating conjunction.)
The outline of this proposal:
3) subordination and non-union connection.
For example: When he woke up, the sun was already rising; the mound obscured him(Chekhov).
(When - subordinating conjunction.)
The outline of this proposal:
4) composition, subordination and non-union connection.
For example: The garden was spacious and there were only oak trees; they began to bloom only recently, so that now through the young foliage the entire garden with its stage, tables and swings was visible.
(And is a coordinating conjunction, so is a subordinating conjunction.)
The outline of this proposal:
In complex sentences with coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, coordinating and subordinating conjunctions may appear side by side.
For example: The weather was beautiful all day, but as we approached Odessa, it began to rain heavily.
(But - a coordinating conjunction, when - a subordinating conjunction.)
The outline of this proposal:
Punctuation marks in sentences with different types of communication
In order to correctly place punctuation marks in complex sentences with different types of connections, it is necessary to select simple sentences, determine the type of connection between them and select the appropriate punctuation mark.
As a rule, a comma is placed between simple sentences in complex sentences with different types of connections.
For example: [In the morning, in the sun, the trees were covered with luxurious frost] , and [it went on like this two hours], [then the frost disappeared] , [the sun has closed] , and [the day passed quietly, thoughtfully , with a drop in the middle of the day and anomalous lunar twilight in the evening].
Sometimes two, three or more simple offers most closely related to each other in meaning and can be separated from other parts complex sentencesemicolon . Most often, a semicolon occurs in place of a non-union connection.
For example: (When he woke up), [the sun had already risen] ; [the mound obscured it].(The sentence is complex, with different types of connections: with non-union and union connections.)
At the site of the non-union connection between simple sentences within a complex possible Also comma , dash And colon , which are placed according to the rules for placing punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence.
For example: [The sun has long since set] , But[the forest has not yet died down] : [doves gurgled nearby] , [the cuckoo crowed in the distance]. (The sentence is complex, with different types of connections: with non-union and union connections.)
[Leo Tolstoy saw a broken burdock] – and [lightning flashes] : [the idea of an amazing story about Hadji Murad appeared](Paust.). (The sentence is complex, with different types of connections: coordinating and non-conjunctive.)
In difficult syntactic constructions, breaking up into large logical-syntactic blocks, which themselves are complex sentences or in which one of the blocks turns out to be a complex sentence, punctuation marks are placed at the junction of the blocks, indicating the relationship of the blocks, while maintaining internal signs placed on their own syntactic basis.
For example: [The bushes, trees, even stumps are so familiar to me here] (that wild felling has become like a garden to me) : [I caressed every bush, every pine tree, and Christmas tree], and [they all became mine], and [it’s the same as if I planted them], [this is mine own garden] (Priv.) – there is a colon at the junction of blocks; [Yesterday a woodcock stuck his nose into this foliage] (to get a worm from under it) ; [at this time we approached], and [he was forced to take off without throwing off the layer of old aspen foliage from his beak](Priv.) – there is a semicolon at the junction of blocks.
Particular difficulties arise placement of punctuation marks at the junction of the composing And subordinating conjunctions (or coordinating conjunction and allied word). Their punctuation is subject to the laws of the design of sentences with coordinating, subordinating and non-conjunctive connections. However, there are also special attention require sentences in which several conjunctions appear nearby.
In such cases, a comma is placed between conjunctions if the second part of the double conjunction does not follow. then, yes, but(in this case the subordinate clause may be omitted). In other cases, a comma is not placed between two conjunctions.
For example: Winter was coming and , When the first frosts hit, living in the forest became difficult. - Winter was approaching, and when the first frosts hit, it became difficult to live in the forest.
You can call me, but , If you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow. – You can call me, but if you don’t call today, then we’ll leave tomorrow.
I think that , if you try, you will succeed. – I think that if you try, you will succeed.
Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with different types of connection
Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with different types of connection
1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).
2. Indicate the type of sentence based on emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).
3. Determine (by grammatical basics) number of simple sentences, find their boundaries.
4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (non-union or coordinating).
5. Give a description of each part (block) by structure (simple or complex sentence).
6. Create a proposal outline.
SAMPLE EXAMPLE OF A COMPLEX SENTENCE WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONNECTION
[Suddenly a thick fog], [as if separated by a wall He me from the rest of the world], and, (so as not to get lost), [ I decided
As a supporter of tolerance and a preacher of peaceful life in the spirit of mutual understanding and assistance between peoples different nations(which in Moscow, for example, is being successfully carried out) I give a few unusual example creative/poetic collaboration.
The book of original poems and selected translations of the famous poet Eduard Khandyukov includes his best poetic works of recent times. Eduard Khandyukov showed himself brilliantly in the “rubai” genre, which is not possible for every poet, even gifted ones. This publication is unique both in form and in content thanks to the participation of the wonderful Afghan poet Latif Nazemi and the no less remarkable translator Rahmatullah Rawand. The author-compilers of the book are long-time friends of the Center for the Afghan Diaspora. The result of the creative efforts of Eduard Khandyukov and Rakhmatulla Ravand went beyond literature and grew to the scale of universal, cultural significance, as it represents unique example two translations at once - from Russian into Farsi (Dari) and from Farsi (Dari) into Russian. The authors opened more than one door into the world of one culture - they opened doors in both directions and, thus, gave the reader the opportunity to enjoy and compare, criticize and ponder unique creative material.
For many, the book “Friends, our union is wonderful” will become a good companion in our difficult, but interesting life. Reading these poems is a real pleasure!
Khandyukov E., Nazemi L., Ravand R. Friends, our union is wonderful: a collection of poems and translations. - M.: IPO “At the Nikitsky Gates”, 164 p. Circulation 500 copies.
This review was published in the Moscow Government newspaper “TVERSKAYA, 13” on my author’s page “World of Reading” - Year of Literature, January 31, 2015 p.19.
Eduard Khandyukov was born on September 12, 1940 in the Azov region, in the city of Mariupol.
Graduated from the Leningrad Higher Marine Engineering School named after. Admiral S.O. Makarova and the Moscow Higher Art and Industrial School (formerly Stroganov).
Secretary of the Board of the International Public Organization of the Union of Writers of Russia, member of the editorial board of the magazine "Poetry".
Full member of the Academy of Medical and Technical Sciences. Laureate of the Moscow Regional Literary Prize named after Yaroslav Smelyakov for 2011. Laureate of the competition " Best book 2008 - 2011".
Rahmatullah Rawand was born on December 25, 1954 in the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan. He graduated from the Pedagogical College in the city of Konduz and in 1981 from the Moscow Energy Institute. From 1986 to 1990 worked at the Progress publishing house in Moscow as a senior control editor and translator. Author of translations and publications of many books and articles.
Latif Nazemi was born in 1946 in the city of Herat. Graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Kabul University in 1969. From 1971 to 1973. worked as a literary critic at a Kabul radio station. From 1973 to 1989 worked as a teacher at Kabul University. At the end of 1989 he immigrated from his homeland and to this day lives and works in Germany. He has published numerous articles and essays, some of them in English, German, French, Russian, Mongolian and Bulgarian. He published three collections of poems.
There are different parts of speech. The union is a service union. This is not the main morphologically important object, but it has its place in the sentences of the text. He wants each word in the link to represent a single syntactic whole. Each part of speech has its own definition.
The union is called a service part and is designed to connect single parts into one sentence; it cannot be changed and is not a member. There is a division of unions along many lines.
What do conjunctions mean?
There are coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. And the first, in turn, are divided into:
- connecting,
- dividing,
- adversarial.
Equal parts are connected using:
And; yes (in the sense of “and”), not only.., but, also, neither.., nor.
With the help of which mutual exclusion occurs are called dividing. Their examples are following unions: or...or, either, or, or.
Conjunctions that contrast are considered adversative. These are conjunctions: a, yes (meaning “but”), nevertheless, but.
Stand apart
There are several other groups of coordinating conjunctions. They are not studied in school curriculum In Russian. Gradational ones express comparison - not just... but, if not... then also; there are connecting ones (and, also, and, yes and).
And with explanatory conjunctions, something needs to be explained or supplemented (that is, something like that).
Subordination in unions
Such conjunctions are divided according to the meaning of subordinate clauses (expository, adverbial, attributive). Subordinating conjunctions connect the main and subordinate clauses. This is called submission. Types of such unions:
- explanatory (so that, how),
- conditional (if, if, if...then),
- denoting time (barely, only),
- indicating the reason (because, for),
- comparison (as if, as if, as if)
- concessions (at least),
- purpose (so that)
- consequence (so).
There are unions that combine several types. For example, the conjunction “so that” is targeted and explanatory.
By origin
There are two types: derivatives, formed from other parts of speech (because, albeit, but) and non-derivatives, having no connection with other parts of speech - (however, and, that, but).
Composition matters
Consisting of one word, that is, simple (as if, for) and several words - complex (while, after, because).
By use
There are three groups:
- Singles (uh, what);
- Repeating (and..., and; as..., as);
- Paired - from two words (like..., so, if..., then).
